EP1774237A1 - Heat exchanger, especially a condenser - Google Patents

Heat exchanger, especially a condenser

Info

Publication number
EP1774237A1
EP1774237A1 EP05770489A EP05770489A EP1774237A1 EP 1774237 A1 EP1774237 A1 EP 1774237A1 EP 05770489 A EP05770489 A EP 05770489A EP 05770489 A EP05770489 A EP 05770489A EP 1774237 A1 EP1774237 A1 EP 1774237A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
tube
exchanger according
cover
indicates
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05770489A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Herbert Damsohn
Conrad Pfender
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mahle Behr GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Behr GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Behr GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Behr GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP1774237A1 publication Critical patent/EP1774237A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
    • F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
    • F28F21/082—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from steel or ferrous alloys
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/03—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits
    • F28D1/0308—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits the conduits being formed by paired plates touching each other
    • F28D1/0316—Assemblies of conduits in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/02—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
    • F28F1/025—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular with variable shape, e.g. with modified tube ends, with different geometrical features
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/06—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of plastics material
    • F28F21/067—Details
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0219—Arrangements for sealing end plates into casing or header box; Header box sub-elements
    • F28F9/0224—Header boxes formed by sealing end plates into covers
    • F28F9/0226—Header boxes formed by sealing end plates into covers with resilient gaskets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
    • F28F9/0278—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits in the form of stacked distribution plates or perforated plates arranged over end plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/04—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates
    • F28F9/16—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling
    • F28F9/162—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling by using bonding or sealing substances, e.g. adhesives
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
    • H01M8/04074—Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
    • H01M8/04164—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal by condensers, gas-liquid separators or filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0043—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for fuel cells
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
    • F28F2275/02—Fastening; Joining by using bonding materials; by embedding elements in particular materials
    • F28F2275/025—Fastening; Joining by using bonding materials; by embedding elements in particular materials by using adhesives
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger, in particular a Konden ⁇ capacitor according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • moist process exhaust air is produced, which is cooled down, producing condensate, inter alia, water and methanol.
  • the cooled process air and the condensate are fed back into the process.
  • the cooling is preferably carried out by ambient air.
  • the process air is corrosive due to the constituents contained in it and is under a relatively low pressure.
  • Conventional heat exchangers in particular for motor vehicles, are generally designed for higher pressures and a greater pressure drop on the cooling air side, ie also with higher fan powers. Accordingly, the joining technique is complex, ie, aluminum or stainless steel systems are used whose components such as pipes, ribs, tubesheets, De ⁇ ckel and manifolds are soldered or welded together.
  • the known systems are too expensive or unsuitable for the abovementioned media and process conditions: conventional stainless steel coolers are usually designed for higher pressures, plastic coolers are not sufficiently powerful owing to their poor heat conductivity, and aluminum coolers are not sufficient, even with corrosion-inhibiting coatings Corro sion resistant.
  • the heat exchanger should have good condensate drainage properties.
  • the collecting boxes including tubesheet are made of plastic and the tubes made of stainless steel - both materials are corrosion resistant.
  • Low wall thicknesses and the formation of the heat transfer surfaces as primary surfaces lead despite a possibly low thermal conductivity of the materials to a low power density.
  • a sufficient compressive strength of the flat tubes is given, which have a low cooling air side pressure drop as an advantage.
  • the joining technique of the components of the heat exchanger according to the invention is adapted to the low requirements (with regard to pressure resistance and tightness).
  • the tube ends of the flat tubes are tightly and firmly received in openings of the plastic tube bottom.
  • the compressive strength of the flat tubes which are inherently unstable, can be enhanced by beads or nubs or widening of the tube ends.
  • beading as inside or outside cusps as well as continuous or non-continuous longitudinal beads are possible.
  • gaps are left for thede Kunststoff ⁇ leadership between the flat tubes, in which no conventional ribs are arranged - thus resulting in a low pressure drop on the air side and a low fan power. Nevertheless, a good cooling effect is achieved due to the long gap between the flat tubes.
  • the collecting boxes are made of two parts, namely a lid and a tube sheet joined and sealed together.
  • sealing zones There are two sealing zones, namely on the one hand between the lid and the tubesheet and on the other hand between the tubes and the tubesheet.
  • a sealant namely a bonding sealant, preferably a two-component silicone or a potting compound, as is commonly used for electronic assemblies.
  • the pipe ends are inserted into corresponding openings of the tube sheet, with a certain pipe protrusion towards the lid. Then the bottom is poured out with the liquid sealant and the lid is put on. Lid and Rohr ⁇ soil are bonded by the curing sealant in a circumferential joining area, are thus firmly and tightly connected.
  • Cover and tube sheet are advantageously made of a polyamide (PA) or polyoxymethylene (POM) as molded parts, ie inexpensive to produce.
  • liquid seal ie the two-component silicone adhesive
  • solid, elastomeric seal at least in the circumferential joining region between the bottom and the cover
  • the lid rests on the seal with a circumferential flange and is mechanically connected to the tubesheet by externally acting clips or clips, which may result in a manufacturing and assembly aid
  • one advantage of a liquid seal is that an "adhesive bond" can also be produced “wet-on-wet".
  • a so-called diffuser plate which is preferably designed as a multi-hole diaphragm in plastic used in the inlet-side collecting container, for. B. positioned and fixed by a simple clip connection. Due to the large number of pinhole diaphragms, it is possible under some circumstances to achieve a flow velocity which is more uniform over the tubes.
  • the condensate can be in the vertically an ⁇ ordered, smooth on the inside, partly with L Lucasssi- - A -
  • FIG. 1b shows the condenser according to FIG. 1 in a plan view with removed cover
  • Fig. 2 shows a detail X of Fig. 1
  • Fig. 3 is a flat tube of the capacitor
  • FIG 4 shows a cross section through a further flat tube formation with internal beads.
  • Fig. 1 shows a capacitor 1, as it z. B. for the condensation of moist process air of a fuel cell process, for example in a DMFC ("direct methanol fuel cell"), in particular for motor vehicles can find use.
  • the moist process exhaust air has a relatively low pressure, contains, inter alia, water and methanol in vapor
  • the condenser has an upper intake-side header 2 and a lower drain-side header 3, each with an inlet 4 and an outlet 5.
  • the upper header 2 is composed of a cover 6 and a tube plate 7 -
  • the lower collection box 3 in an analogous manner from a De ⁇ 8 and a tube sheet bottom plate 9.
  • the capacitor 1 is a primary surface heat exchanger.
  • the gaps 13 form smooth cooling air channels.
  • a diffuser plate 14 is arranged, above the tube ends 11 and parallel to the tube plate 7.
  • the diffuser plate 14 has a plurality of pinhole 15, ie calibrated Openings on.
  • the diffuser plate 15 is fixedly arranged in the lid 6, z. B. fixed by a clip connection, not shown.
  • Fig. 1a shows the condenser 1 in a half-section and in a half-side view, in particular the diffuser plate 14 with the Lochblen ⁇ the 15 in the cover 6 can be seen.
  • the diffuser plate 14 thus extends over the entire flow cross section of the process gases entering through the inlet connection 4, so that they can only reach the flat tubes 10 through the apertured apertures 15. Between the perforated plate 14 and the upper edge of the flat tube ends 11 there is a sufficient Eisen ⁇ space 16, which allows a delay of accelerated by the pinhole 15 th flow of process gases, combined with a Druckan ⁇ rose.
  • the direction of flow of the cooling air through the condenser 1 is indicated by an arrow L.
  • FIG. 1b shows a plan view of the tube plate 7 with the flat tube ends 11, which extend over the entire depth of the tube plate 7. This results in relatively long smooth surfaces in the direction of flow of the cooling air.
  • FIG. 2 shows a detail X of FIG. 1, ie an edge region of the tube bottom 7 with four flat tubes 10 and their flat tube ends 11, which are widened relative to the tubes 10.
  • the tubesheet 7 blackened is a plastic injection molded part, for. B., made of a polyamide (PA). It has tube openings 17 into which the widened tube ends 11 are inserted in such a way that they project inwards relative to the tubesheet 7, ie have a tube projection Ü.
  • the edge region of the bottom 7 has a circumferential groove 18, whose outer side 18a is pulled up to the height of the pipe protrusion Ü.
  • the collection box 2 (and analogously also the collection box 3) is composed of the lid 6 and the bottom 7.
  • the tube 7 is covered ("flooded") with a liquid or pasty sealant 19 after the tubes 10 have been inserted with their tube ends 11.
  • a liquid sealant may be a two-component adhesive (silicone) is present in liquid form at the beginning of its processing and later hardens to an elastic mass.
  • This sealing compound 19 then fills the Gaps between the flat tube ends 11 and the circumferential groove 18 from.
  • the lid 6, which has a flange 20 adapted to the channel 18 with a rib 20a is then placed in the sealing compound 19 and on the tubesheet 7.
  • the circumferential rib 20a immersed in the liquid sealant 19 and forms with this an enlarged sealing or setting surface, so that a mechanically fixed and tight connection between tube sheet 7 and cover 6 er ⁇ is.
  • the tubes 10 or their tube ends 11 are sufficiently sealed by the aus ⁇ hardening sealing compound 19 with respect to the tube plate 7 and mechanically supported due to the adhesive effect of the sealing compound 19. In principle, therefore, no mechanical widening of the tube ends 11 with respect to the tube openings is required 17 to be made, although this may be advantageous to increase the sealing and holding action.
  • Fig. 3 shows a single flat tube 10, the tube ends 11, 12 are widened in the longitudinal and transverse directions, which also shows in particular from the sectional view.
  • the expansion of the flat tubes 10 takes place for the purpose of providing increased stability to the flat tubes, which are relatively unstable to internal pressure, in particular in the case of extreme depth, as here, d. H. in the field of pipe / floor connections.
  • the cross section of the flat tube 10 is composed of two smooth, straight longitudinal sides 10a, 10b and in the region of the flat tube ends 11 of two smooth longitudinal sides 11a, 11b together and two semicircular arches 11c, 11d. Because of this simple oval shape, two straight lines and two semicircles, the corresponding tube openings in the tubesheet can be easily produced.
  • Fig. 4 shows a further embodiment of a flat tube 21, which in the longitudinal direction and mutually parallel, inwardly directed longitudinal beads 22 has.
  • the flat tube 21 is significantly improved by these inner beads 22 in terms of its stability and receives a higher rigidity.
  • modified forms of the beads 22 in number and shape, ie, for example, not continuously possible.
  • the beads 22 may also be directed outwards or replaced by round or elongated knobs.
  • a support effect to the outside ie be achieved from flat tube to flat tube. Otherwise, the inner surfaces of the flat tubes are essentially smooth, so that the condensate can drain off well.
  • Fig. 5 shows a further embodiment of a flat tube 23, which is composed of two half-shells, the front side are tight and optionally firmly connected.
  • the connecting seams 24, 25 are preferably producible by welding, soldering, adhesive bonding and / or by folding. The otherwise difficult under certain circumstances to be sealed contour of the surfaces or edges to be joined is compensated by a liquid-pasty Ab ⁇ sealing compound or at least tolerable.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a heat exchanger, especially a condenser (1), for a first vaporous and/or gaseous fluid. Said heat exchanger comprises an inlet-side collecting tank, an outlet-side collecting tank (2, 3), and pipes which connect the two collecting tanks and comprise pipe ends. The first fluid can flow through said pipes and a second gaseous fluid, especially air, can circulate around the same. According to the invention, the pipes are embodied as flat pipes (10) and are produced from a corrosion-resistant material with a high heat conductivity, especially special steel, the collecting tanks (2, 3) are produced from a corrosion-resistant material, especially plastic, and comprise a cover and a pipe bottom, and the pipe ends (11, 12) are held in the pipe bottom (7, 9) in a fixed and tight manner.

Description

Wärmeübertrager, insbesondere Kondensator Heat exchanger, in particular condenser
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Wärmeübertrager, insbesondere einen Konden¬ sator nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1.The invention relates to a heat exchanger, in particular a Konden¬ capacitor according to the preamble of claim 1.
In Brennstoffzellensystemen fällt feuchte Prozessabluft an, die abgekühlt wird, wobei Kondensat, unter anderem Wasser und Methanol anfällt. Die abgekühlte Prozessluft sowie das Kondensat werden in den Prozess zurück¬ geführt. Die Kühlung erfolgt vorzugsweise durch Umgebungsluft. Die Pro- zessluft ist aufgrund der in ihr enthaltenen Bestandteile korrosiv und steht unter einem relativ niedrigen Druck.In fuel cell systems, moist process exhaust air is produced, which is cooled down, producing condensate, inter alia, water and methanol. The cooled process air and the condensate are fed back into the process. The cooling is preferably carried out by ambient air. The process air is corrosive due to the constituents contained in it and is under a relatively low pressure.
Herkömmliche Wärmeübertrager, insbesondere für Kraftfahrzeuge sind im Allgemeinen für höhere Drücke und einen größeren Druckabfall auf der Kühl- luftseite, d. h. auch mit höheren Lüfterleistungen ausgelegt. Entsprechend ist auch die Fügetechnik aufwendig, d. h. es werden Aluminium- oder Edel¬ stahlsysteme eingesetzt, deren Bauteile wie Rohre, Rippen, Rohrböden, De¬ ckel und Sammelkästen miteinander verlötet oder verschweißt werden. Für die o. g. Medien und Prozessbedingungen sind die bekannten Systeme zu aufwendig oder nicht geeignet: übliche Edelstahlkühler sind meistens für hö¬ here Drücke ausgelegt, Kunststoffkühler sind wegen ihrer schlechten Wär¬ meleitfähigkeit nicht genügend leistungsstark, und Aluminiumkühler sind - auch mit korrosionshemmenden Beschichtungen - nicht hinreichend korro¬ sionsbeständig. Es ist daher Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, einen Wärmeübertrager, insbesondere Kondensator der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, der ei¬ nerseits korrosionsbeständig gegenüber einem ersten abzukühlenden Medi¬ um und andererseits für niedrige Drücke und hohe Kühlleistung bei geringen Herstellkosten ausgelegt ist. Insbesondere soll der Wärmeübertrager gute Kondensatablaufeigenschaften aufweisen.Conventional heat exchangers, in particular for motor vehicles, are generally designed for higher pressures and a greater pressure drop on the cooling air side, ie also with higher fan powers. Accordingly, the joining technique is complex, ie, aluminum or stainless steel systems are used whose components such as pipes, ribs, tubesheets, De¬ ckel and manifolds are soldered or welded together. The known systems are too expensive or unsuitable for the abovementioned media and process conditions: conventional stainless steel coolers are usually designed for higher pressures, plastic coolers are not sufficiently powerful owing to their poor heat conductivity, and aluminum coolers are not sufficient, even with corrosion-inhibiting coatings Corro sion resistant. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a heat exchanger, in particular condenser of the aforementioned type, which is ei¬ nerseits corrosion resistant to a first medium to be cooled and on the other hand designed for low pressures and high cooling capacity at low production costs. In particular, the heat exchanger should have good condensate drainage properties.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruches 1 gelöst. Werkstoffe und Fügetechnik für den erfindungsgemäßen Wärmeübertrager sind im Hinblick auf ihre Funktion gewählt: die Sammelkästen einschließlich Rohrboden sind aus Kunststoff und die Rohre aus Edelstahl hergestellt - beide Werkstoffe sind korrosionsbeständig. Geringe Wanddicken sowie die Ausbildung der Wärmeübertragungsflächen als Primärflächen führen trotz einer unter Umständen geringen Wärmeleitfähigkeit der Werkstoffe zu einer günstigen Leistungsdichte. Gleichzeitig ist eine hinreichende Druckfestigkeit der Flachrohre gegeben, die einen geringen kühlluftseitigen Druckabfall als Vorteil aufweisen. Die Fügetechnik der Bauteile des erfindungsgemäßen Wärmeübertragers ist an die geringen Anforderungen (hinsichtlich Druckfes¬ tigkeit und Dichtheit) angepasst. Die Rohrenden der Flachrohre werden in Öffnungen des Kunststoffrohrbodens dicht und fest aufgenommen.This object is solved by the features of claim 1. Materials and joining technology for the heat exchanger according to the invention are chosen with regard to their function: the collecting boxes including tubesheet are made of plastic and the tubes made of stainless steel - both materials are corrosion resistant. Low wall thicknesses and the formation of the heat transfer surfaces as primary surfaces lead despite a possibly low thermal conductivity of the materials to a low power density. At the same time a sufficient compressive strength of the flat tubes is given, which have a low cooling air side pressure drop as an advantage. The joining technique of the components of the heat exchanger according to the invention is adapted to the low requirements (with regard to pressure resistance and tightness). The tube ends of the flat tubes are tightly and firmly received in openings of the plastic tube bottom.
Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen. Vorteilhafterweise kann die Druckfestigkeit der Flachrohre, die an sich instabil sind, durch Sicken oder Noppen oder Aufweitung der Rohrenden verstärkt werden. Dabei sind Sicken als Innen- oder Außensi- cken sowie durchgehende oder nicht durchgehende Längssicken möglich. Vorteilhaft ist ferner, dass zwischen den Flachrohren Spalte für die Kühlluft¬ führung belassen sind, in welchen keine herkömmlichen Rippen angeordnet sind - damit ergibt sich ein geringer Druckabfall auf der Luftseite und eine geringe Ventilatorleistung. Dennoch wird eine gute Kühlwirkung aufgrund der langen Spalte zwischen den Flachrohren erzielt. Es ist ferner von Vorteil, wenn die Sammelkästen aus zwei Teilen, nämlich einem Deckel und einem Rohrboden gefügt und dicht miteinander verbunden sind. Dabei gibt es zwei Dichtzonen, nämlich einerseits zwischen dem Deckel und dem Rohrboden und andererseits zwischen den Rohren und dem Rohrboden. Vorteilhafter- weise kann die Abdichtung beider Dichtzonen durch ein Dichtmittel, nämlich eine verklebende Dichtmasse, vorzugsweise ein Zweikomponenten-Silikon oder eine Vergussmasse, wie sie üblicherweise für Elektronikbaugruppen verwendet wird, erfolgen. Dazu werden die Rohrenden in entsprechende Öffnungen des Rohrbodens eingesteckt, und zwar mit einem gewissen Rohrüberstand in Richtung Deckel. Daraufhin wird der Boden mit der flüssi¬ gen Dichtmasse ausgegossen und der Deckel aufgesetzt. Deckel und Rohr¬ boden werden durch die aushärtende Dichtmasse in einem umlaufenden Fügebereich verklebt, sind somit fest und dicht miteinander verbunden. Die Rohrenden sind umfangseitig von der aushärtenden, jedoch elastisch blei¬ benden Dichtmasse umgeben, sodass eine hinreichende Abdichtung der Rohre gegenüber dem Rohrboden gewährleistet und eine Leckage der ag¬ gressiven Prozessluft in die Umgebung verhindert ist. Deckel und Rohrboden sind vorteilhafterweise aus einem Polyamid (PA) oder Polyoxymethylen (POM) als Spritzteile, d. h. preisgünstig herstellbar. Alternativ kann es auch von Vorteil sein, die „flüssige" Dichtung, d. h. den Zweikomponenten- Silikonkleber durch eine feste, elastomere Dichtung, zumindest im umlau¬ fenden Fügebereich zwischen Boden und Deckel zu ersetzen. Bei dieser Alternative wird eine umlaufende elastomere Dichtung in den Randbereich des Bodens eingelegt; der Deckel liegt mit einem umlaufenden Flansch auf der Dichtung auf und wird durch außen angreifende Klammern oder Clips mechanisch mit dem Rohrboden verbunden, wodurch sich unter Umständen eine Fertigungs- und Montagehilfe ergibt. Auch eine solche De¬ ckel/Bodenverbindung würde den gegebenen Prozessbedingungen genü- gen. Ein Vorteil einer flüssigen Dichtung ist unter Umständen, dass hiermit auch „nass-in-nass" eine Klebeverbindung darstellbar ist.Further advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims. Advantageously, the compressive strength of the flat tubes, which are inherently unstable, can be enhanced by beads or nubs or widening of the tube ends. In this case, beading as inside or outside cusps as well as continuous or non-continuous longitudinal beads are possible. It is also advantageous that gaps are left for the Kühlluft¬ leadership between the flat tubes, in which no conventional ribs are arranged - thus resulting in a low pressure drop on the air side and a low fan power. Nevertheless, a good cooling effect is achieved due to the long gap between the flat tubes. It is also advantageous if the collecting boxes are made of two parts, namely a lid and a tube sheet joined and sealed together. There are two sealing zones, namely on the one hand between the lid and the tubesheet and on the other hand between the tubes and the tubesheet. Vorteilhafter- example, the sealing of both sealing zones by a sealant, namely a bonding sealant, preferably a two-component silicone or a potting compound, as is commonly used for electronic assemblies done. For this purpose, the pipe ends are inserted into corresponding openings of the tube sheet, with a certain pipe protrusion towards the lid. Then the bottom is poured out with the liquid sealant and the lid is put on. Lid and Rohr¬ soil are bonded by the curing sealant in a circumferential joining area, are thus firmly and tightly connected. The pipe ends are circumferentially surrounded by the curing, but elastically leadable sealing compound, so that a sufficient sealing of the pipes with respect to the tubesheet ensures and leakage of aggressive process air is prevented in the environment. Cover and tube sheet are advantageously made of a polyamide (PA) or polyoxymethylene (POM) as molded parts, ie inexpensive to produce. Alternatively, it can also be advantageous to replace the "liquid" seal, ie the two-component silicone adhesive, with a solid, elastomeric seal, at least in the circumferential joining region between the bottom and the cover The lid rests on the seal with a circumferential flange and is mechanically connected to the tubesheet by externally acting clips or clips, which may result in a manufacturing and assembly aid Under certain circumstances, one advantage of a liquid seal is that an "adhesive bond" can also be produced "wet-on-wet".
Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist im zulaufs- seitigen Sammelbehälter eine so genannte Diffusorplatte, die vorzugsweise als Mehrlochblende in Kunststoff ausgebildet ist, eingesetzt, z. B. durch eine einfache Clipsverbindung positioniert und fixiert. Durch die Vielzahl von Lochblenden ist unter Umständen eine über die Rohre gleichmäßigere Strö¬ mungsgeschwindigkeit erzielbar. Das Kondensat kann in den senkrecht an¬ geordneten, auf der Innenseite glatt ausgebildeten, teilweise mit Längssi- - A -According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, a so-called diffuser plate, which is preferably designed as a multi-hole diaphragm in plastic used in the inlet-side collecting container, for. B. positioned and fixed by a simple clip connection. Due to the large number of pinhole diaphragms, it is possible under some circumstances to achieve a flow velocity which is more uniform over the tubes. The condensate can be in the vertically an¬ ordered, smooth on the inside, partly with Längssi- - A -
cken ausgestatteten Flachrohren sehr gut ablaufen, sodass sich eine weitere Verbesserung der Kondensationsbedingungen ergibt.These flat tubes are very well drained so that a further improvement of the condensation conditions results.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und wird im Folgenden näher beschrieben. Es zeigenAn embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the drawing and will be described in more detail below. Show it
Fig. 1 eine luftgekühlten Kondensator im Längsschnitt,1 shows an air-cooled condenser in longitudinal section,
Fig. 1a den Kondensator gemäß Fig. 1 in einer halben Seitenansicht und im Halbschnitt, Fig. 1b den Kondensator gemäß Fig. 1 in einer Draufsicht mit abge¬ nommenen Deckel,1 in a half side view and in half section, FIG. 1b shows the condenser according to FIG. 1 in a plan view with removed cover, FIG.
Fig. 2 eine Einzelheit X aus Fig. 1 , Fig. 3 ein Flachrohr des Kondensators undFig. 2 shows a detail X of Fig. 1, Fig. 3 is a flat tube of the capacitor and
Fig. 4 einen Querschnitt durch eine weitere Flachrohrausbildung mit Innensicken.4 shows a cross section through a further flat tube formation with internal beads.
Fig. 1 zeigt einen Kondensator 1 , wie er z. B. für die Kondensation von feuchter Prozessluft eines Brennstoffzellenprozesses, beispielsweise in einer DMFC („Direct Methanol Fuel Cell"), insbesondere für Kraftfahrzeuge Ver- wendung finden kann. Die feuchte Prozessabluft weist einen relativ niedrigen Druck auf, enthält u. a. Wasser und Methanol in dampfförmiger Phase und ist insofern korrosiv. Der Kondensator weist einen oberen, zulaufseitigen Sammelkasten 2 sowie einen unteren ablaufseitigen Sammelkasten 3 auf, jeweils mit einem Eintrittsstutzen 4 bzw. einem Austrittsstutzen 5. Der obere Sammelkasten 2 ist aus einem Deckel 6 und einem Rohrboden 7 zusam¬ mengesetzt - der untere Sammelkasten 3 in analoger Weise aus einem De¬ ckel 8 und einem Rohrboden 9. Zwischen den beiden Sammelkästen 2, 3 sind parallel zueinander verlaufende Flachrohre 10 angeordnet, die mit ihren Rohrenden 11 , 12 in den Rohrböden 7, 9 dicht aufgenommen sind. Zwi- sehen den einzelnen Flachrohren 10 sind Spalte 13 belassen, in welchen keine herkömmlichen Rippen angeordnet sind - insofern ist der Kondensator 1 ein Primärflächenwärmeübertrager. Die Spalte 13 bilden glatte Kühlluft¬ kanäle. Im oberen Sammelkasten 2 ist eine Diffusorplatte 14 angeordnet, und zwar oberhalb der Rohrenden 11 und parallel zum Rohrboden 7. Die Diffusorplatte 14 weist eine Vielzahl von Lochblenden 15, d. h. kalibrierten Öffnungen auf. Die Diffusorplatte 15 ist fest im Deckel 6 angeordnet, z. B. durch eine nicht dargestellte Clipsverbindung fixiert.Fig. 1 shows a capacitor 1, as it z. B. for the condensation of moist process air of a fuel cell process, for example in a DMFC ("direct methanol fuel cell"), in particular for motor vehicles can find use.The moist process exhaust air has a relatively low pressure, contains, inter alia, water and methanol in vapor The condenser has an upper intake-side header 2 and a lower drain-side header 3, each with an inlet 4 and an outlet 5. The upper header 2 is composed of a cover 6 and a tube plate 7 - The lower collection box 3 in an analogous manner from a De¬ 8 and a tube sheet bottom plate 9. Between the two manifolds 2, 3 parallel flat tubes 10 are arranged, which are tightly received with their tube ends 11, 12 in the tube plates 7, 9 Intermediate see the individual flat tubes 10 are left column 13, in which no conventional Ribs are arranged - insofar, the capacitor 1 is a primary surface heat exchanger. The gaps 13 form smooth cooling air channels. In the upper header 2, a diffuser plate 14 is arranged, above the tube ends 11 and parallel to the tube plate 7. The diffuser plate 14 has a plurality of pinhole 15, ie calibrated Openings on. The diffuser plate 15 is fixedly arranged in the lid 6, z. B. fixed by a clip connection, not shown.
Fig. 1a zeigt den Kondensator 1 in einem Halbschnitt und in einer halben Seitenansicht, wobei insbesondere die Diffusorplatte 14 mit den Lochblen¬ den 15 im Deckel 6 erkennbar ist. Die Diffusorplatte 14 erstreckt sich somit über den gesamten Strömungsquerschnitt der durch den Eintrittsstutzen 4 eintretenden Prozessgase, sodass diese nur durch die Lochblenden 15 in die Flachrohre 10 gelangen können. Zwischen der Lochplatte 14 und der Oberkante der Flachrohrenden 11 befindet sich ein hinreichender Zwischen¬ raum 16, der eine Verzögerung der durch die Lochblenden 15 beschleunig¬ ten Strömung der Prozessgase ermöglicht, verbunden mit einem Druckan¬ stieg. Die Strömungsrichtung der Kühlluft durch den Kondensator 1 ist durch einen Pfeil L gekennzeichnet.Fig. 1a shows the condenser 1 in a half-section and in a half-side view, in particular the diffuser plate 14 with the Lochblen¬ the 15 in the cover 6 can be seen. The diffuser plate 14 thus extends over the entire flow cross section of the process gases entering through the inlet connection 4, so that they can only reach the flat tubes 10 through the apertured apertures 15. Between the perforated plate 14 and the upper edge of the flat tube ends 11 there is a sufficient Zwischen¬ space 16, which allows a delay of accelerated by the pinhole 15 th flow of process gases, combined with a Druckan¬ rose. The direction of flow of the cooling air through the condenser 1 is indicated by an arrow L.
Fig. 1b zeigt eine Draufsicht auf den Rohrboden 7 mit den Flachrohrenden 11 , die sich über die gesamte Tiefe des Rohrbodens 7 erstrecken. Es erge¬ ben sich somit relativ lange glatte Flächen in Strömungsrichtung der Kühlluft.FIG. 1b shows a plan view of the tube plate 7 with the flat tube ends 11, which extend over the entire depth of the tube plate 7. This results in relatively long smooth surfaces in the direction of flow of the cooling air.
Fig. 2 zeigt eine Einzelheit X aus Fig. 1 , d. h. einen Randbereich des Rohr¬ bodens 7 mit vier Flachrohren 10 und deren Flachrohrenden 11 , die gegen¬ über den Rohren 10 aufgeweitet sind. Der Rohrboden 7 (geschwärzt) ist als Kunststoffspritzteil, z. B., aus einem Polyamid (PA) hergestellt. Er weist Rohröffnungen 17 auf, in welche die aufgeweiteten Rohrenden 11 derart eingesetzt sind, dass sie gegenüber dem Rohrboden 7 nach innen überste¬ hen, d. h. einen Rohrüberstand Ü aufweisen. Der Randbereich des Bodens 7 weist eine umlaufende Rinne 18 auf, deren Außenseite 18a auf die Höhe des Rohrüberstandes Ü hochgezogen ist. Wie bereits erwähnt, ist der Sam¬ melkasten 2 (und analog auch der Sammelkasten 3) aus dem Deckel 6 und dem Boden 7 zusammengesetzt. Zum Fügen beider Teile wird der Rohrbo¬ den 7, nachdem die Rohre 10 mit ihren Rohrenden 11 eingesetzt worden sind, mit einer flüssigen oder pastösen Dichtmasse 19 bedeckt („geflutet"). Eine solche flüssige Dichtmasse kann ein Zweikomponentenkleber (Silikon) sein, der zu Beginn seiner Verarbeitung in flüssiger Form vorliegt und später zu einer elastischen Masse aushärtet. Diese Dichtmasse 19 füllt dann die Zwischenräume zwischen den Flachrohrenden 11 und auch die umlaufende Rinne 18 aus. In diesem flüssigen Zustand wird dann der Deckel 6, der ei¬ nen an die Rinne 18 angepassten Flansch 20 mit einer Rippe 20a aufweist in die Dichtmasse 19 und auf den Rohrboden 7 aufgesetzt. Dabei taucht die umlaufende Rippe 20a in die flüssige Dichtmasse 19 ein und bildet mit die¬ ser eine vergrößerte Dicht- bzw. Abbindefläche, sodass sich eine mecha¬ nisch feste und dichte Verbindung zwischen Rohrboden 7 und Deckel 6 er¬ gibt. Gleichzeitig sind die Rohre 10 bzw. ihre Rohrenden 11 durch die aus¬ härtende Dichtmasse 19 hinreichend gegenüber dem Rohrboden 7 abge- dichtet und infolge der Klebwirkung der Dichtmasse 19 mechanisch gehal¬ ten. Im Prinzip braucht somit keine mechanische Aufweitung der Rohrenden 11 gegenüber den Rohröffnungen 17 vorgenommen zu werden, wenngleich dies zur Steigerung der Dicht- und Haltewirkung vorteilhaft sein kann.FIG. 2 shows a detail X of FIG. 1, ie an edge region of the tube bottom 7 with four flat tubes 10 and their flat tube ends 11, which are widened relative to the tubes 10. The tubesheet 7 (blackened) is a plastic injection molded part, for. B., made of a polyamide (PA). It has tube openings 17 into which the widened tube ends 11 are inserted in such a way that they project inwards relative to the tubesheet 7, ie have a tube projection Ü. The edge region of the bottom 7 has a circumferential groove 18, whose outer side 18a is pulled up to the height of the pipe protrusion Ü. As already mentioned, the collection box 2 (and analogously also the collection box 3) is composed of the lid 6 and the bottom 7. To join the two parts, the tube 7 is covered ("flooded") with a liquid or pasty sealant 19 after the tubes 10 have been inserted with their tube ends 11. Such a liquid sealant may be a two-component adhesive (silicone) is present in liquid form at the beginning of its processing and later hardens to an elastic mass.This sealing compound 19 then fills the Gaps between the flat tube ends 11 and the circumferential groove 18 from. In this liquid state, the lid 6, which has a flange 20 adapted to the channel 18 with a rib 20a, is then placed in the sealing compound 19 and on the tubesheet 7. In this case, the circumferential rib 20a immersed in the liquid sealant 19 and forms with this an enlarged sealing or setting surface, so that a mechanically fixed and tight connection between tube sheet 7 and cover 6 er¬ is. At the same time, the tubes 10 or their tube ends 11 are sufficiently sealed by the aus¬ hardening sealing compound 19 with respect to the tube plate 7 and mechanically supported due to the adhesive effect of the sealing compound 19. In principle, therefore, no mechanical widening of the tube ends 11 with respect to the tube openings is required 17 to be made, although this may be advantageous to increase the sealing and holding action.
Fig. 3 zeigt ein einzelnes Flachrohr 10, dessen Rohrenden 11, 12 in der Längs- und Querrichtung aufgeweitet sind, was insbesondere auch aus der Schnittdarstellung hervorgeht. Die Aufweitung der Flachrohre 10 erfolgt zu dem Zweck, um den an sich gegen Innendruck relativ instabilen Flachrohren, insbesondere bei extremer Tiefe wie hier, eine erhöhte Stabilität zu verlei- hen, d. h. im Bereich der Rohr/Boden-Verbindungen. Der Querschnitt des Flachrohres 10 setzt sich aus zwei glatten, geraden Längsseiten 10a, 10b und im Bereich der Flachrohrenden 11 aus zwei glatten Längsseiten 11a, 11b zusammen sowie aus zwei halbkreisförmigen Bögen 11c, 11d. Aufgrund dieser einfachen Ovalform, zwei Geraden und zwei Halbkreise, lassen sich auch die entsprechenden Rohröffnungen im Rohrboden einfach herstellen.Fig. 3 shows a single flat tube 10, the tube ends 11, 12 are widened in the longitudinal and transverse directions, which also shows in particular from the sectional view. The expansion of the flat tubes 10 takes place for the purpose of providing increased stability to the flat tubes, which are relatively unstable to internal pressure, in particular in the case of extreme depth, as here, d. H. in the field of pipe / floor connections. The cross section of the flat tube 10 is composed of two smooth, straight longitudinal sides 10a, 10b and in the region of the flat tube ends 11 of two smooth longitudinal sides 11a, 11b together and two semicircular arches 11c, 11d. Because of this simple oval shape, two straight lines and two semicircles, the corresponding tube openings in the tubesheet can be easily produced.
Fig. 4 zeigt eine weitere Ausgestaltung eines Flachrohres 21 , welches in Längsrichtung und parallel zueinander verlaufende, nach innen gerichtete Längssicken 22 aufweist. Das Flachrohr 21 wird durch diese Innensicken 22 hinsichtlich seiner Stabilität erheblich verbessert und erhält eine höhere Steifigkeit.Fig. 4 shows a further embodiment of a flat tube 21, which in the longitudinal direction and mutually parallel, inwardly directed longitudinal beads 22 has. The flat tube 21 is significantly improved by these inner beads 22 in terms of its stability and receives a higher rigidity.
Alternativ sind abgewandelte Formen der Sicken 22 in Zahl und Form, d. h. z. B. nicht durchgehend möglich. Die Sicken 22 können auch nach außen gerichtet sein oder durch runde oder längliche Noppen ersetzt werden. Damit kann auch eine Stützwirkung nach außen, d. h. von Flachrohr zu Flachrohr erzielt werden. Ansonsten sind die Innenflächen der Flachrohre im Wesentli¬ chen glatt, sodass das Kondensat gut ablaufen kann.Alternatively, modified forms of the beads 22 in number and shape, ie, for example, not continuously possible. The beads 22 may also be directed outwards or replaced by round or elongated knobs. In order to can also be a support effect to the outside, ie be achieved from flat tube to flat tube. Otherwise, the inner surfaces of the flat tubes are essentially smooth, so that the condensate can drain off well.
Fig. 5 zeigt eine weitere Ausgestaltung eines Flachrohres 23, das aus zwei Halbschalen zusammengesetzt ist, die stirnseitig dicht und gegebenenfalls fest miteinander verbunden sind. Die Verbindungsnähte 24, 25 sind vor¬ zugsweise durch Schweiß-, Löt-, Klebverfahren und/oder durch Falzen her¬ stellbar. Die ansonsten unter Umständen schwierig abzudichtende Kontur der zu verbindenden Flächen oder Kanten ist durch eine flüssig-pastöse Ab¬ dichtmasse ausgleichbar oder zumindest tolerierbar. Fig. 5 shows a further embodiment of a flat tube 23, which is composed of two half-shells, the front side are tight and optionally firmly connected. The connecting seams 24, 25 are preferably producible by welding, soldering, adhesive bonding and / or by folding. The otherwise difficult under certain circumstances to be sealed contour of the surfaces or edges to be joined is compensated by a liquid-pasty Ab¬ sealing compound or at least tolerable.
BezugszahlenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
1 Kondensator1 capacitor
2 Sammelkasten, zulaufseitig2 collecting tank, inlet side
3 Sammelkasten, ablaufseitig3 collection box, drain side
4 Zulaufstutzen4 inlet nozzles
5 Ablaufstutzen5 drain connection
6 Deckel, oben6 lids, top
7 Rohrboden, oben7 tubesheet, top
8 Deckel, unten8 lids, below
9 Rohrboden, unten9 tubesheet, bottom
10 Flachrohr10 flat tube
11 Rohrende11 pipe end
12 Rohrende12 pipe end
13 Spalt13 gap
14 Diffusorplatte14 diffuser plate
15 Lochblende15 pinhole
16 Zwischenraum16 space
17 Rohröffnungen17 pipe openings
18 Bodenrinne18 gutter
18a äußere Wand18a outer wall
19 Dichtmasse19 sealant
20 Flansch20 flange
20a Rippe20a rib
21 Sickenrohr21 bead tube
22 Innensicke22 inside bead
23 Flachrohr 23 flat tube

Claims

P a t e n t a n s p r ü c h e Patent claims
1. Wärmeübertrager, insbesondere Kondensator (1) für ein erstes dampf- und/oder gasförmiges Fluid mit einem zulaufseitigen und ei¬ nem ablaufseitigen Sammelkasten (2, 3) und die beiden Sammelkäs¬ ten (2, 3) verbindenden Rohren, die von dem ersten Fluid durch¬ strömbar und von einem zweiten gasförmigen Fluid, insbesondere Luft umströmbar sind und Rohrenden aufweisen, dadurch gekennzeich¬ net, dass die Rohre als Flachrohre (10) ausgebildet und aus einem korrosionsbeständigen Werkstoff hoher Wärmeleitfähigkeit, insbeson¬ dere Edelstahl hergestellt sind, dass die Sammelkästen (2, 3) aus ei¬ nem korrosionsbeständigen Material, insbesondere Kunststoff herge- stellt sind und je einen Deckel und einen Rohrboden aufweisen, und dass die Rohrenden (11, 12) in den Rohrböden (7, 9) fest und dicht gehalten sind.1. Heat exchanger, in particular condenser (1) for a first vapor and / or gaseous fluid with an inlet side and ei¬ nem drainage side collecting tank (2, 3) and the two Sammelkäs¬ th (2, 3) connecting pipes, of the The first fluid can be flowed through and can flow around a second gaseous fluid, in particular air, and have tube ends, characterized in that the tubes are designed as flat tubes (10) and made of a corrosion-resistant material of high thermal conductivity, in particular stainless steel the collecting boxes (2, 3) are made of a corrosion-resistant material, in particular plastic, and each have a cover and a tube bottom, and that the tube ends (11, 12) are held firmly and tightly in the tube plates (7, 9) are.
2. Wärmeübertrager nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Flachrohre (10) aus einem dünnwandigen Blech hergestellt sind und in Längsrichtung verlaufende Sicken, insbesondere Innensicken oder Noppen aufweisen.2. Heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that the flat tubes (10) are made of a thin-walled sheet and extending in the longitudinal direction beads, in particular internal beads or studs.
3. Wärmeübertrager nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeich- net, dass zwischen den Flachrohren (10) rippenlose Spalte (13) zur3. Heat exchanger according to claim 1 or 2, characterized marked, that between the flat tubes (10) ribless column (13) for
Führung der Kühlluft belassen sind.Guiding the cooling air are left.
4. Wärmeübertrager nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, dadurch gekenn¬ zeichnet, dass die Rohrenden (11, 12) aufgeweitet sind. 4. Heat exchanger according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the tube ends (11, 12) are widened.
5. Wärmeübertrager nach Anspruch 1 , 2, 3 oder 4, dadurch gekenn¬ zeichnet, dass die Sammelkästen (2) im Wesentlichen zweiteilig aus¬ gebildet, aus Deckel (6) und Rohrboden (7) gefügt sind und einen um- laufenden Fügebereich (18, 20) aufweisen.5. Heat exchanger according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the collecting boxes (2) formed essentially in two parts, from cover (6) and tube sheet (7) are joined and a circumferential joining area ( 18, 20).
6. Wärmeübertrager nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch ge¬ kennzeichnet, dass der Rohrboden (7) auf seiner dem Deckel (6) zu¬ gewandten Seite mit einer Schicht aus einer verklebenden Dichtmas- se (19) bedeckt ist, die eine Abdichtung der Rohrenden (11) gegen¬ über dem Rohrboden (7) und/oder zwischen Deckel (6) und Rohrbo¬ den (7) im Fügebereich (20, 18) bildet.6. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized ge indicates that the tube plate (7) on its the cover (6) zu¬ facing side with a layer of an adhesive Dichtmas- se (19) is covered, the one Seal the pipe ends (11) gegen¬ over the tube sheet (7) and / or between the lid (6) and Rohrbo¬ the (7) in the joining region (20, 18).
7. Wärmeübertrager nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dichtmasse vergießbar ist und insbesondere aus einem Zweikom¬ ponenten-Silikon (19) besteht.7. Heat exchanger according to claim 6, characterized in that the sealing compound is pourable and in particular consists of a Zweikom¬ component silicone (19).
8. Wärmeübertrager nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch ge¬ kennzeichnet, dass die Sammelkästen (2, 3) bzw. die Deckel (6) und Rohrböden (7) aus einem Polyamid (PA), vorzugsweise als Spritz¬ gussteile, hergestellt sind.,8. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized ge indicates that the collecting boxes (2, 3) and the cover (6) and tube sheets (7) made of a polyamide (PA), preferably as Spritz¬ castings are.,
9. Wärmeübertrager nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch ge¬ kennzeichnet, dass im zulaufseitigen Sammelkasten (2) eine Diffu- sorplatte (14) parallel zur Ebene des Rohrbodens (7) angeordnet ist.9. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized ge indicates that in the inlet side header box (2) a diffuser plate (14) is arranged parallel to the plane of the tube plate (7).
10. Wärmeübertrager nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Diffusorplatte als Mehrlochblende (14, 15) insbesondere aus Kunststoff ausgebildet ist.10. Heat exchanger according to claim 9, characterized in that the diffuser plate as a multi-hole (14, 15) is formed in particular of plastic.
11. Wärmeübertrager nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 10, dadurch ge¬ kennzeichnet, dass der Deckel (6) mit dem Rohrboden (7) und/oder die Diffusorplatte (14) mit dem Deckel (6) verklipst oder verrastet sind. 11. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 5 to 10, characterized ge indicates that the cover (6) with the tube sheet (7) and / or the diffuser plate (14) with the lid (6) are clipped or latched.
12. Wärmeübertrager nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen Deckel (6) und Rohrboden (7) im Fügebereich eine elasto- mere Dichtung angeordnet und dass der Deckel (6) und der Rohrbo¬ den (7) mechanisch verklammert sind.12. Heat exchanger according to claim 5, characterized in that arranged between the cover (6) and tube sheet (7) in the joining region an elastomeric seal and that the cover (6) and the Rohrbo¬ the (7) are mechanically clamped.
13. Verwendung eines Kondensators nach mindestens einem der vorher¬ gehenden Ansprüche für die Kühlung und Kondensation von Pro¬ zessabgasen eines Brennstoffzellensystems, insbesondere in einer DMFC. 13. Use of a capacitor according to at least one of the vorher¬ preceding claims for the cooling and condensation of process zessabgasen a fuel cell system, in particular in a DMFC.
EP05770489A 2004-07-23 2005-07-04 Heat exchanger, especially a condenser Withdrawn EP1774237A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004036020A DE102004036020A1 (en) 2004-07-23 2004-07-23 Heat exchanger, in particular condenser
PCT/EP2005/007182 WO2006010435A1 (en) 2004-07-23 2005-07-04 Heat exchanger, especially a condenser

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EP1774237A1 true EP1774237A1 (en) 2007-04-18

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DE (1) DE102004036020A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2006010435A1 (en)

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DE102004036020A1 (en) 2006-02-16

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