EP2733226B1 - Procédé de fabrication d'un produit à partir d'un matériau de bande enroulé de façon flexible - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'un produit à partir d'un matériau de bande enroulé de façon flexible Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2733226B1
EP2733226B1 EP13190635.6A EP13190635A EP2733226B1 EP 2733226 B1 EP2733226 B1 EP 2733226B1 EP 13190635 A EP13190635 A EP 13190635A EP 2733226 B1 EP2733226 B1 EP 2733226B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coating
strip material
zinc
iron
heat treatment
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EP13190635.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2733226B8 (fr
EP2733226A1 (fr
Inventor
Wolfgang Eberlein
Jörg Dieter Brecht
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Muhr und Bender KG
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Muhr und Bender KG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/34—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated
    • C25D5/36—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated of iron or steel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B37/00—Control devices or methods specially adapted for metal-rolling mills or the work produced thereby
    • B21B37/16—Control of thickness, width, diameter or other transverse dimensions
    • B21B37/24—Automatic variation of thickness according to a predetermined programme
    • B21B37/26—Automatic variation of thickness according to a predetermined programme for obtaining one strip having successive lengths of different constant thickness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D39/00—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders
    • B21D39/02—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders of sheet metal by folding, e.g. connecting edges of a sheet to form a cylinder
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
    • C21D8/0405—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing of ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
    • C21D8/0421—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing characterised by the working steps
    • C21D8/0442—Flattening; Dressing; Flexing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
    • C21D9/48—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals deep-drawing sheets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
    • C25D5/50—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces by heat-treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
    • C25D7/06—Wires; Strips; Foils
    • C25D7/0614—Strips or foils
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B2205/00—Particular shaped rolled products
    • B21B2205/02—Tailored blanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B2261/00—Product parameters
    • B21B2261/02—Transverse dimensions
    • B21B2261/04—Thickness, gauge
    • B21B2261/05—Different constant thicknesses in one rolled product
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2221/00—Treating localised areas of an article
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4998—Combined manufacture including applying or shaping of fluent material
    • Y10T29/49982—Coating
    • Y10T29/49986—Subsequent to metal working
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12389—All metal or with adjacent metals having variation in thickness

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing coated steel sheets from flexibly rolled strip material.
  • the coating is intended to protect the steel sheet against corrosion.
  • Hot dip galvanizing is understood to mean the coating of steel parts with a solid, metallic zinc coating by immersing the pretreated steel parts in a molten liquid zinc melt.
  • galvanic galvanizing the workpieces are immersed in a zinc electrolyte.
  • Zinc electrodes act as "sacrificial anodes" due to their less noble metal than the workpiece.
  • the workpiece to be galvanized acts as a cathode, which is why the coating is also referred to as cathodic corrosion protection.
  • a hot or cold strip is electrolytically coated and then subjected to a flexible rolling process, wherein the coated steel strip receives different sheet thicknesses over the length.
  • the coating is adapted to the sheet thickness after flexible rolling or to the rolling pressure during flexible rolling. For this purpose, the coating is formed differently thick.
  • a method for producing steel strip with a cathodic anti-corrosion coating is known.
  • the steel strip is hot rolled, then cold rolled and subjected to an electrolytic galvanizing.
  • the steel strip is heat treated in a bell annealing furnace at temperatures of 250 ° C to 350 ° C for a period of 4 to 48 hours, thereby producing a zinc-iron layer.
  • a method of producing flexible rolled strip material having a cathodic corrosion layer comprises the steps of: providing rolled strip as a hot or cold strip with a cathodic corrosion layer; and flexibly cold rolling the coated rolled strip with a rolling gap that is variable during rolling.
  • From the DE 601 19 826 T2 is a method for the realization of a workpiece with very high mechanical properties is known, which has been converted from a steel strip by deep drawing.
  • the workpiece is hot rolled and coated with a metallic zinc alloy.
  • the sheet is cut to size, heated to a temperature of 800 ° C to 1200 ° C and then subjected to a thermoforming process. Afterwards, the sheet metal excesses necessary for the deep-drawing process are removed by cutting.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a method for producing coated steel sheets of flexible rolled strip material, which offers a particularly good corrosion protection.
  • a first solution is a method for producing a product of flexibly rolled strip material comprising the steps of: providing a strip material of sheet steel; Flexibly rolling the strip material creating a variable thickness over the length of the strip material; Electrolytically coating with a metallic coating material containing at least 93% by weight of zinc, the electrolytic coating taking place after the flexible rolling; Heat treatment at temperatures greater than 350 ° C and below the solidus line of the coating material, wherein the heat treatment after the electrolytic Coating takes place; Working out a board from the flexibly rolled strip material; and hot forming the board.
  • a second solution is a method of manufacturing a flexible rolled strip material product comprising the steps of: providing a steel sheet strip material; Flexibly rolling the strip material creating a variable thickness over the length of the strip material; Electrolytic coating with a metallic coating material containing at least zinc and iron, whereby a zinc-iron alloy layer is deposited; Working out a board from the flexibly rolled strip material; and hot forming the board.
  • An advantage of the two methods mentioned is that the electrolytic coating takes place after the flexible rolling. This ensures that the applied coating has a uniform thickness over the length of the flexibly rolled strip material. In this respect, the areas of the strip material that are more heavily rolled have a layer thickness that reliably protects against corrosion. Overall, the process time for producing the products can be shortened and less coating material is required, which in turn has a favorable effect on the manufacturing costs.
  • a flexibly rolled product means both a steel strip with different thicknesses and rectangular blanks or shaped cuts, which are obtained from a flexibly rolled steel strip by cutting, such as mechanically or by laser cutting.
  • strip material for the flexible rolling hot strip or cold strip can be used, these terms are to be understood in the jargon.
  • hot strip is meant a rolled steel finished product (steel strip) produced by rolling after preheating.
  • cold strip is meant a cold-rolled steel strip (flat steel) in which the last thickness decrease takes place by rolling without prior heating.
  • a band straightening may be provided after the flexible rolling.
  • the working out of the boards from the strip material can be carried out before or after the electrolytic coating.
  • working out both meant that the sheet metal blanks are punched out of the strip material, that is on the band remains an edge, which is not used, as well as that a simple cutting to length of the strip material is made in sections, in particular by a cutting operation.
  • a coating of at least 93% by weight of zinc is deposited on the strip material, wherein the zinc content may in particular also be greater than 95, 97 or 99% by weight and may also amount to 100% (pure zinc coating).
  • anodes of pure zinc or of zinc and other alloying elements are used, which release metal ions to the electrolyte when energized.
  • the zinc ions and optionally ions of the further alloying elements are deposited on the strip material, which is connected as a cathode, as atoms and form a coating.
  • the subsequent heat treatment advantageously results in alloy formation between the deposited zinc and the iron contained in the strip material, so that a total of one zinc-iron Coating is created.
  • a zinc-iron alloy layer is obtained from the outset by electrolytic deposition.
  • the proportions of zinc and iron are preferably selected such that at least one of the following conditions holds: the alloy layer contains at least 5% by weight iron, the alloy layer contains at most 80% by weight iron, the alloy layer contains at least 20% by weight zinc, and / or the alloy layer contains a maximum of 95 percent by weight zinc. It is particularly favorable if the proportions of zinc and iron are chosen such that, in the deposited state, at least part of 51-phase, in particular 51-phase and ⁇ -phase, or exclusively intermetallic ⁇ -phase, is present.
  • the method according to the second solution may be carried out according to a first possibility without heat treatment after the electrolytic coating and before the forming.
  • a second possibility of the second solution may be provided as a further step after the electrolytic coating, a heat treatment in a temperature range above 350 ° C and below a melting temperature of the coating material (solidus line).
  • the solidusline marks the line below which only solid phase is present. Above the solidus line, the coating material is at least partially in the melt form.
  • the iron content in the coating increases as iron atoms from the base material diffuse into the coating material.
  • the heat treatment temperature can then be raised without the solidus line being reached or exceeded. This is possible with suitable process control up to a temperature of 781 ° C.
  • the temperature can be increased gradually or continuously with increasing iron content.
  • the liquidus line in the state diagram for the coating material marks the line below which a two-phase or multi-phase region is solid-liquid. Above the liquidus line, the coating material is in melt form. The lower one The boundary of the two-phase region is called the solidus line.
  • the temperature of the solidus line depends on the proportionate composition of the alloy. For pure zinc, the solidus line is at 419.5 ° C, for a zinc-iron alloy at a maximum of 782 ° C, if there are still portions of ⁇ -phase present. With a corresponding amount of iron, it is thus possible to coat flexibly rolled strip material by rolling hard electrolytic and then undergo a heat treatment at a relatively high temperature of more than 500 ° C to a maximum of 782 ° C, without melting phase is formed.
  • a heat treatment in the temperature range of 500 ° C to 782 ° C is also suitable to perform a Rekristallungsglühung so that the material produced is particularly suitable for indirect hot forming.
  • An otherwise necessary recrystallization annealing after the flexible rolling and before coating can thus be dispensed with.
  • the annealing process could be started at an annealing temperature of 380 ° C and gradually increased to a maximum temperature of 781 ° C with increasing iron content due to diffusion.
  • the coating material may include other alloying elements, such as manganese, chromium, silicon or molybdenum. Regardless of the type and number of alloying elements, a peculiarity of the invention lies in the temperature control for the purpose of forming the zinc-iron alloy layer.
  • the respective alloying temperature is selected such that the solidus line of the coating material in the composition currently present in each case at the time of alloy formation of the binary zinc-iron phase diagram or of a layer structure comprising more than two alloying elements is not reached or exceeded. The alloy is thus formed by solid-phase diffusion.
  • iron is diffused from the material to be coated into the metallic coating.
  • zinc from the coating is transformed into a zinc-iron alloy that undergoes cathodic corrosion protection offers.
  • the specified temperature range above 350 ° C and below the solidus line is particularly favorable insofar as the diffusion takes place relatively quickly.
  • the iron content reduces the tendency of the coating to crack in order to increase the fatigue strength of the component.
  • the phase transformation can, as mentioned above, be achieved after a first possibility by means of inductive heating.
  • This procedure is particularly suitable for electrolytic deposition of zinc and iron, since there are short diffusion paths, so that a short heat treatment already leads to the desired phase transformation.
  • the heat treatment can be carried out by means of bell annealing.
  • the hood annealing is particularly suitable for electrolytic deposition of pure zinc.
  • the hood annealing is a residence time of 10 to 80 hours provided, preferably from 30 to 60 hours, so that there is sufficient time available, so that by diffusion, a zinc-iron alloy is formed.
  • the residence time preferably designates the entire time in which the boards or the strip material are heat treated, and thus may include a heating, holding and cooling phase with.
  • Another possibility is the conductive heating, although other technically possible heat treatment processes are of course not excluded.
  • the strip material is coated with an intermediate layer.
  • an intermediate layer in particular a nickel- or aluminum-containing layer can be used. These are to be understood as meaning layers which at least partially contain nickel or aluminum, which includes a pure nickel layer or aluminum layer.
  • the nickel layer provides additional surface protection and improves the adhesion of the subsequently applied zinc-containing coating.
  • the nickel coating can be formed, for example, by electrolytic or electroless plating. It is understood that other materials for the intermediate layer are not excluded.
  • a manganese or chromium-containing coating can also be used. Manganese and chromium both have a cubic lattice and have one good solubility in iron, which has a favorable effect on the alloy behavior.
  • the strip material can be provided after the electrolytic coating with a scale protection.
  • a scale protection is understood to mean the predominantly oxidic corrosion products formed in the reaction of metallic materials in air or other oxygen-containing gases at high temperature.
  • the application of the scale protection layer can be done by spraying or rolling.
  • another advantage of the scale protection layer is that the surface has a high quality. In particular, prior to later painting of the sheet, no cleaning treatment such as shot peening is required.
  • the scale protection during hot forming and the heat absorption behavior can be positively influenced by the scale protection.
  • scale protection Another advantage of the scale protection is that the adhesion of the underlying cathodic anti-corrosion layer is improved.
  • an extension of the temperature-time window in the context of austenitization is possible, for example by alloying the scale protection material with the underlying layer.
  • the scale protection may be applied before or after the heat treatment carried out below the solidus line.
  • blanks or shaped cuts are produced from the flexibly rolled strip material, which can be carried out by mechanical cutting or by laser cutting.
  • Under sinkers are understood in particular rectangular metal sheets that have been cut out of the strip material.
  • Form cuts are understood to be sheet metal elements that have been worked out from the strip material and whose outer contour has already been adapted to the shape of the end product.
  • the term board is used uniformly for both rectangular and shaped sections. The production of the boards can be done before or after the electrolytic coating, and optionally before or after the application of a scale protection.
  • Hot forming means forming processes in which the workpieces are heated to a temperature in the range of hot forming prior to forming. The heating is carried out in a suitable heating device, for example an oven.
  • the hot forming may be performed as an indirect process according to a first possibility, comprising the substeps cold preforming the blank into a preformed component, then heating at least portions of the cold preformed component to austenitizing temperature, followed by hot working to produce the final contour of the product.
  • Austenitizing temperature is to be understood as meaning a temperature range in which at least partial austenitization (microstructure in the two-phase region ferrite and austenite) is present.
  • the hot forming can also be performed as a direct process according to a second possibility, which is characterized in that at least portions of the board is heated directly to Austenitmaschinestemperatur and then hot-formed to the desired final contour in one step. A previous (cold) preforming does not take place here.
  • partial hardening can be achieved by austenitizing partial areas.
  • hardening of subareas of the components is also possible by means of tools of different temperatures, or by using a plurality of tool materials which enable different cooling rates. In the latter case, the entire board or the entire component can be completely austenitized.
  • the coating material is in a solid state at the time of initiation of thermoforming, that is, the temperature has cooled to a region below the solidus line of the coating material.
  • the iron content in the surface layer should be below 80%, preferably below 60%, particularly preferably below 30%.
  • the sheet metal blanks can also be cold formed.
  • Cold forming is understood herein to mean forming operations in which the blanks are not deliberately heated prior to forming. The transformation thus takes place at room temperature; the boards heat up by dissipation of the supplied energy. Cold forming is used in particular as a process for forming soft body steels.
  • the process results in a sheet metal blank made of flexibly rolled sheet steel which, after flexible rolling, is electrolytically coated with a metallic coating and hot worked after coating.
  • the board can be produced according to one or more of the above-mentioned method steps, so that reference is made to the above description with regard to the steps and the associated advantages.
  • FIG. 1 shows a method according to the invention for producing a product made of flexibly rolled strip material 2 after a first procedure.
  • the strip material 2 which is wound on a coil 3 in the initial state, rolled, by means of flexible rolling.
  • the strip material 2 which has a largely constant sheet thickness over the length before the flexible rolling, rolled by means of rollers 4, 5 such that it receives along the rolling direction a variable sheet thickness.
  • the process is monitored and controlled using the data obtained from a sheet thickness measurement 6 as an input to control the rolls 4, 5.
  • the strip material 2 has different thicknesses in the rolling direction.
  • the strip material 2 is rewound to the coil 3 after the flexible rolling, so that it can be fed to the next process step.
  • the strip material 2 is smoothed in method step V2, which takes place in a strip straightening device 7.
  • the smoothing step is optional and may be omitted.
  • the strip material 2 After flexible rolling (V1) or smoothing (V2), the strip material 2 is provided with corrosion protection in method step V3.
  • the strip material 2 passes through an electrolytic strip coating device 8.
  • the strip coating takes place in a continuous process, that is, the strip material 2 is unwound from the coil 3, passes through the coating device 8 and is wound up again to the coil 3 after coating. This procedure is particularly favorable since the handling effort for applying the corrosion protection to the strip material 2 is low and the process speed is high.
  • a dip tank 9 can be seen, which is filled with an electrolytic liquid 10, which passes through the strip material 2.
  • the electrolytic coating is carried out in the present process with a metallic coating material containing at least 93% zinc. Due to a high zinc content, a particularly good corrosion resistance is achieved. It is understood that the zinc content may also be higher, for example greater than 95%, in particular greater than 97%, and also 100% (pure zinc).
  • zinc anodes can be used for coating, which release zinc ions to the electrolyte when energized. The zinc ions are deposited on the strip material 2, which is connected as a cathode, as zinc atoms and form a zinc layer.
  • inert anodes and a zinc electrolyte can also be used.
  • the coating may also contain other alloying elements, such as, for example, aluminum, chromium, manganese, molybdenum, silicon.
  • alloying elements such as, for example, aluminum, chromium, manganese, molybdenum, silicon.
  • the proportion of any added alloying elements is less than 7%.
  • Manganese has good solubility in iron, which has a favorable effect on alloy formation during heating.
  • the strip material 2 wound up to the coil 3 is subjected to a heat treatment in method step V4.
  • the heat treatment can in principle be carried out in any technically suitable manner, for example in a bell annealer or else by inductive heating, to name only two methods by way of example. In the present case, the heat treatment in an oven 13 is shown.
  • the heat treatment is carried out at temperatures greater than 350 ° C and below the solidus line of the coating material.
  • the temperature profile of the solidus line depends on the proportionate composition of the alloy. At the temperature within the specified range, a diffusion of iron into the zinc layer occurs, so that a diffusion layer is produced as the heat source continues to act.
  • the residence time for the heat treatment in a hood annealing is preferably 10 to 80 hours, preferably from 30 to 60 hours, so that sufficient time is available stands so that by diffusion a zinc-iron alloy is formed.
  • Another effect of the heat treatment is that hardening of the material resulting from rolling is reduced or dissolved, so that the rolled strip material 2 again has a higher ductility and ductility.
  • the strip material can be processed more easily in subsequent process steps, wherein in addition the material properties of the final product to be produced are positively influenced.
  • the strip material 2 is worked out in the next method step V5 from the strip material 2 individual sheet metal blanks 20.
  • the working out of the sheet metal blanks 20 from the strip material 2 is preferably carried out by means of punching or cutting. Depending on the shape of the sheet metal blanks 20 to be produced, these can be punched out of the strip material 2 as a shaped cut, wherein an edge remains standing on the strip material, which is not used further, or the strip material 2 can be easily cut into sections.
  • a sheet metal blank 20 machined out of the strip material 2, which can also be referred to as three-dimensional sheet metal blanks (3D-TRB), is shown schematically.
  • the boards 20 are hot worked; they can also be cold-formed according to a possibility not according to the invention.
  • Hot forming can be done as a direct or indirect process.
  • the boards 20 are heated to austenitizing temperature prior to forming, which can be done, for example, by induction or in an oven.
  • Austenitizing temperature is to be understood as meaning a temperature range in which at least partial austenitization (microstructure in the two-phase region ferrite and austenite) is present. However, it is also possible to austenitize only portions of the board in order, for example, to allow partial hardening.
  • the heated board is reshaped in a forming tool 14 and simultaneously with high cooling rate cooled, wherein the component 20 receives its final contour and is cured at the same time.
  • the board 20 is subjected to preforming prior to austenitizing.
  • the preforming takes place in a cold state of the board, that is without prior heating.
  • preforming receives a profile that does not yet correspond to the final shape, but is approximated to this.
  • austenitizing and thermoforming then take place, as in the direct process, whereby the component receives its final contour and is hardened.
  • the steel material provided that hot working (direct or indirect), should contain at least 0.1% to 0.35% by weight of carbon.
  • the blanks can also be cold formed.
  • the cold forming is particularly suitable for soft body steels or components to which there are no special requirements in terms of strength. During cold forming, the blanks are reshaped at room temperature.
  • a special feature of the method according to the invention is that the electrolytic coating (V3) takes place after the flexible rolling (V1).
  • the coating applied to the strip material 2 has a uniform thickness over the length, irrespective of the respective thickness of the strip material 2. Even the more heavily rolled regions have a sufficiently thick coating which reliably protects against corrosion.
  • Another special feature lies in the step of heat treatment after the electrolytic coating in a temperature range between 350 ° C and below the solidus line of the coating material.
  • the heat treatment diffuses zinc from the coating into the base material and iron from the base material into the coating. As the iron content in the coating increases, the temperature within the annealing process can be gradually increased due to the shift of the solidus line to higher temperatures.
  • the result is a zinc-iron alloy as a coating which also withstands higher temperatures of a subsequently optionally carried out thermoforming process and offers reliable corrosion protection.
  • the strip material may be provided with an intermediate layer prior to the electrolytic coating, in particular with a nickel, aluminum or manganese layer.
  • This intermediate layer provides additional surface protection and improves the adhesion of the subsequently applied zinc-containing coating.
  • the strip material or the boards produced therefrom after the electrolytic coating (V3) and before or after the heat treatment (V4) are provided with a scale protection. This is particularly recommended if austenitizing is not carried out in a protective gas atmosphere for later hot forming.
  • the application of the scale protection layer can be done by spraying or rolling.
  • the scale protection layer In addition to protection against oxidation, another advantage of the scale protection layer is that the surface has a high quality. In addition, the scale protection during hot forming and the heat absorption behavior can be positively influenced by the scale protection. Another advantage of the scale protection is that the adhesion of the underlying cathodic anti-corrosion layer is improved. In addition, the extension of the temperature-time window in the context of austenitization is possible, for example by alloying the scale protection material with the underlying layer. An example would be aluminum fins in a scale protection paint.
  • process control according to the invention can also be modified in the order of the steps performed.
  • the working out of boards can also take place elsewhere, for example before the electrolytic coating or optionally before or after the application of a scale protection.
  • FIG. 2 shows a method according to the invention for producing a sheet metal blank from a strip material 2 according to a second process control. This largely corresponds to the method according to FIG. 1 , so that reference is made to the above description in terms of similarities. The same or modified components or steps are provided with the same reference numerals, as in FIG. 1 , In the following, the differences between the present method will be discussed.
  • the method steps V1 (rolling finishing), V2 (straightening), V5 (punching) and V6 (forming) are identical to the corresponding method steps V1, V2, V5 and V6 according to FIG. 1 ,
  • a first difference to the method after FIG. 1 lies in process step V3 of the electrolytic coating.
  • the strip material is coated with a metallic coating material containing at least zinc and iron.
  • the zinc-iron alloy layer is obtained by electrolytic deposition of a zinc-iron layer.
  • the proportions of zinc and iron are chosen according to a favorable process control so that the alloy layer contains at least 5 and / or a maximum of 80 weight percent iron, or that the alloy layer contains at least 20 and / or at most 95 weight percent zinc.
  • the proportions of zinc and iron are chosen such that, in the deposited state, at least part of 51-phase, in particular 51-phase and ⁇ -phase, or exclusively intermetallic ⁇ -phase, is present.
  • a proportion of iron in the coating between 10 and 30 weight percent, or a zinc content of 70 to 90 weight percent could be selected. With these proportions, at least partially intermetallic phase is formed in the deposited state.
  • circuit boards are worked out of the strip material 2 in method step V5, it being understood that the boards could also be cut out prior to coating in a modified process control.
  • Another special feature of the present process according to FIG. 2 is that between the coating (V3) and the forming in step V6, no intermediate heat treatment is performed below the solidus temperature.
  • the procedure according to FIG. 2 is therefore very short in terms of time.
  • the final step of reshaping corresponds to that according to FIG. 1 so that reference is made to the above description.
  • the board 20 can be cold or hot (direct or indirect) transformed.
  • FIG. 3 shows a method according to the invention for producing a sheet metal blank from a strip material 2 according to a third method. This corresponds essentially to a combination of the methods according to the FIGS. 1 and 2 , so that reference is made to the above description in terms of similarities. The same or modified components or steps are provided with the same reference numerals.
  • step V1 rolling finishing
  • V2 straightening
  • V3 electrolytic coating
  • V5 punching
  • V6 forming
  • the only difference to the procedure according to FIG. 2 is that after the electrolytic coating (V3) in step V4, a heat treatment, as in the method according to FIG. 1 ,
  • the respective alloying temperature during the heat treatment (V4) is chosen so that at no time of the alloy formation the solidus line of the binary zinc-iron phase diagram (cf. FIG. 4 ) or the solidus line of a layer structure consisting of more than two alloying elements is reached or exceeded.
  • Such a layer structure would be, for example, a ternary alloy of zinc, iron and manganese, wherein the manganese is derived from the steel substrate and has passed through diffusion process during the aforementioned heating in the electrodeposited zinc layer or zinc-iron alloy layer and not part of a is electrolytic deposition.
  • the manganese it is also conceivable that, for example, chromium or aluminum or silicon or molybdenum diffuses into the electrodeposited layer.
  • the coating it goes without saying that it is also possible for the coating to be provided with steel alloy elements which have not been mentioned above and which are suitable for diffusing into the electrodeposited layer by means of the abovementioned heating process.
  • FIG. 4 shows the phase diagram for zinc-iron.
  • the proportions of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) are indicated on the X axis.
  • the percentage composition given on the X-axis results in each case.
  • an alloying temperature above 350 ° C and below the melting temperature (solidus line) of 419.5 ° C is selected, for example 400 ° C.
  • a diffusion of iron into the zinc layer so that forms a diffusion layer, for example, a ⁇ -phase with progressing exposure time in the context of the heat treatment (V4).
  • the further temperature control is designed so that the respective temperature is always below the solidus line of the binary zinc-iron phase diagram.
  • the starting temperature can be selected above the melt temperature of pure zinc.
  • a starting temperature of 600 ° C could be chosen. Although this temperature is above the melt temperature of zinc, it is below the solidus line of the two-phase region ⁇ + 51.
  • the type of heat treatment is not fixed as explained above. It can be, for example, inductive heating or heating in a bell annealer or heating by contact with a hot body, for example a thick steel plate, which releases its heat to the board or the shaped section.
  • an electrolytic zinc-iron alloy having an iron content of 8 to 12% is provided.
  • This is a composition used for steels with a "galvannealed" coating.
  • the advantage of this composition is that the elements zinc and iron have a distance in the nanometer range, so that can be dispensed with a lengthy diffusion treatment. Rather, by a short heat treatment in process step V4, an intermetallic ⁇ 1 phase of an electrodeposited zinc-iron alloy having an iron content of 8 to 12% to produce.
  • Such a composition can be used for both cold working and hot working.
  • an electrolytic zinc-iron alloy is deposited whose stoichiometric composition corresponds to the ⁇ -phase.
  • this composition can also be adjusted by depositing a zinc-iron layer with a lower iron content and subsequent heat treatment, at the end of which the ⁇ -phase is present.
  • This layer begins to melt only at a temperature of 782 ° C, so that this layer is particularly suitable for hot forming, since in this case the formation of a melt phase restricted or can be avoided by stabilizing the layer by elements of the steel substrate such as manganese (ternary system iron-zinc-manganese).
  • a layer is deposited electrolytically which, even when heated to the maximum austenitizing temperature for hot working (for example at 900 ° C.), is not molten.
  • a coating would have for example, a composition of 20% by weight of zinc and 80% by weight of iron. In this case, it is an iron-based alloy of the binary iron-zinc system.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
  • Metal Rolling (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Procédé de fabrication d'un produit à partir d'un matériau de bande enroulé de façon flexible avec les étapes de :
    mettre d'un matériau de bande (2) en tôle d'acier à la disposition ;
    enroulement de façon flexible (V1) du matériau de bande (2), une épaisseur variable étant produite sur la longueur du matériau de bande (2) ;
    recouvrement électrolytique (V3) avec un matériau de revêtement métallique, qui contient au moins 93 % masse de zinc, le recouvrement électrolytique ayant lieu après l'enroulement flexible (V1) ;
    traitement thermique (V4) à des températures supérieures à 350°C et en dessous d'un solidus du matériau de revêtement, le traitement thermique ayant lieu après le recouvrement électrolytique (V3) ;
    élaboration (V5) d'un larget (20) en matériau de bande enroulé de façon flexible (2) ; et
    formation à chaud (V6) du larget.
  2. Procédé de fabrication d'un produit à partir d'un matériau de bande enroulé de façon flexible (2) avec les étapes de :
    mettre d'un matériau de bande (2) en tôle d'acier à la disposition ;
    enroulement de façon flexible (V1) du matériau de bande (2), une épaisseur variable étant produite sur la longueur du matériau de bande (2) ;
    recouvrement électrolytique (V3) avec un matériau de revêtement métallique, qui contient au moins du zinc et du fer, une couche d'alliage zinc-fer étant déposée ;
    élaboration (V5) d'un larget (20) en matériau de bande enroulé de façon flexible (2) ;
    formation à chaud (V6) du larget (20).
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    un traitement thermique (V4) est prévu en tant qu'autre étape de procédé après le recouvrement électrolytique (V3), qui est exécuté à une température supérieure à 350°C et en dessous de solidus du matériau de revêtement.
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 ou 3,
    caractérisé en ce que
    du fer est au moins dans une des proportions suivantes :
    au moins 5%/masse en fer,
    au maximum 80%/masse en fer.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 4,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les proportions en zinc et en fer sont choisies de telle manière qu'à l'état déposé, il y a au moins en partie une phase δ1, notamment une phase δ1 et une phase Γ.
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 3,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la température est augmentée pendant le traitement thermique (V4).
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 3,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le traitement thermique (V4) a lieu de façon inductive ou au moyen d'un recuit sous cloche, le recuit sous cloche ayant lieu notamment pendant une durée de séjour de 10 à 80 heures.
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le recouvrement du matériau de bande (2) avec une couche intermédiaire, notamment une couche contenant du nickel ou de l'aluminium ou du manganèse
    est prévu en tant qu'autre étape de procédé avant le recouvrement électrolytique (V3).
  9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'application d'une protection anti-oxyde
    est prévu en tant qu'autre étape de procédé après le recouvrement électrolytique (V3).
  10. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la formation à chaud (V6) comprend les parties d'étape suivantes :
    formation à froid du larget (20) ;
    réchauffement au moins d'une partie de zone du composant préformé à froid à partir du larget (20) à température d'austénitisation ;
    formation à chaud du composant pour produire le profil final.
  11. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la formation à chaud (V6) comprend les parties d'étape suivantes :
    réchauffement au moins d'une partie de zone du larget (20) à température d'austénitisation ;
    formation à chaud du larget (20) pour produire le profil final.
  12. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le matériau de revêtement est à l'état solide au moment de l'initiation de la formation à chaud (V6).
EP13190635.6A 2012-11-14 2013-10-29 Procédé de fabrication d'un produit à partir d'un matériau de bande enroulé de façon flexible Active EP2733226B8 (fr)

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JP6266316B2 (ja) 2018-01-24
CN103806029A (zh) 2014-05-21
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CN103806029B (zh) 2017-11-17
DE102012110972B3 (de) 2014-03-06
JP2014132110A (ja) 2014-07-17
US20140134450A1 (en) 2014-05-15
EP2733226A1 (fr) 2014-05-21
JP2018083986A (ja) 2018-05-31
US20170335481A1 (en) 2017-11-23

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