Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
  • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
  • H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
  • H01M10/625—Vehicles
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
  • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
  • H01M10/6561—Gases
  • H01M10/6563—Gases with forced flow, e.g. by blowers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
  • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
  • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
  • B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
  • H01M10/0413—Large-sized flat cells or batteries for motive or stationary systems with plate-like electrodes
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
  • H01M10/0431—Cells with wound or folded electrodes
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
  • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
  • H01M10/647—Prismatic or flat cells, e.g. pouch cells
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
  • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
  • H01M10/6553—Terminals or leads
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
  • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
  • H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
  • H01M10/6557—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange arranged between the cells
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
  • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
  • H01M10/6561—Gases
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
  • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
  • H01M10/6561—Gases
  • H01M10/6563—Gases with forced flow, e.g. by blowers
  • H01M10/6565—Gases with forced flow, e.g. by blowers with recirculation or U-turn in the flow path, i.e. back and forth
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
  • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
  • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
  • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
  • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
  • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
  • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

• the invention relates to a rechargeable electric battery, in particular high-voltage battery, preferably for an electric vehicle, with at least two stacks of stacked battery cells, the stacks are arranged side by side in a housing, wherein within the housing arranged transversely to the stacking direction cooling air passages of cooling air can flow, wherein the cooling air ducts are part of a closed cooling air circuit for cooling the battery, wherein preferably the cooling air circuit has at least one cooling air blower and at least one heat exchanger.
• High-voltage batteries in particular with lithium-ion battery cells, can only be operated within a precisely defined temperature window.
• the tempering of high-voltage batteries is usually carried out by means of a closed coolant circuit or by means of an open cooling air system.
• WO 2010/053689 A2 describes a battery arrangement with a housing and a plurality of lithium-ion cells, which are arranged next to one another.
• the housing is flowed through for cooling with a thermally conductive, electrically insulating fluid.
• liquid-cooled systems permit high cooling capacities, they nevertheless have many sealing points and thus contain a high risk of leakage. Exiting coolant can cause short circuits inside and / or outside of the battery.
• a battery with juxtaposed stack of battery cells wherein battery cells are cooled by cooling air.
• Air-cooled batteries are usually cooled in an open cooling air circuit.
• cooling air is withdrawn from the environment and led around the battery and / or passed through cooling air channels within the battery, thus dissipating heat from the battery.
• the heated cooling air is returned to the environment.
• Temperature fluctuations, humidity fluctuations, air pollution or the like adversely affect the cooling performance and the life of the battery.
• the publication WO 2011/067490 Al shows a cooling device for a vehicle battery, in which cooling air is passed in a closed circuit by means of blowers on the battery cells. The cooling air is then routed to the front of the battery and cooled again via a heat exchanger.
• the publications US 2010 236 846 AI and EP 2,133,952 AI show cooling devices for vehicle batteries, wherein the cooling air is guided in a closed circuit.
• the cooling devices each contain at least one cooling air blower and a heat exchanger.
• the object of the invention is to avoid the disadvantages mentioned, and to enable a largely independent of environmental influences, efficient cooling of the battery in the simplest possible way.
• this is achieved in that at least one battery cell is surrounded by a plastic cell shell, the plastic cell shell having a protruding seal seam arranged circumferentially along the narrow side of the battery cell, preferably between approximately the seal seams of adjacent battery cells of a stack a free space is spanned.
• cooling air blower and / or the heat exchanger are arranged within the housing.
• This space may form a first and / or second cooling air channel.
• At least one first cooling air channel in the direction of a vertical axis of the battery and at least one second cooling air channel in the direction of a normal to the vertical axis and normal to the stacking direction formed transverse axis of the battery can be arranged.
• the cooling of the battery can be largely independent of adverse environmental influences, such as temperature and humidity fluctuations, air pollution, or the like, performed. This ensures constant optimum operating conditions for the battery and enables a long service life of the same.
• the area between the two adjacent stacks flows through the first cooling air channel and is cooled.
• the second cooling air passages through which cooling air flows are arranged on the upper side of the battery and serve to cool the cell poles and / or the electrical cell connectors.
• a particularly good cooling latter can be achieved if at least one preferably a U-profile or Y-profile exhibiting cell connector for electrical connection of two adjacent battery cells protrudes into a second cooling air channel.
• At least one sealed seam of a battery cell of a first stack can protrude into a free space formed by sealing seams of two adjacent battery cells of a second stack.
• the sealing seams delimiting the free space or projecting into the free space can form flow guide surfaces for cooling air.
• the cooling capacity can be increased or space for the cooling can be saved, which also has an advantageous effect on the volumetric energy density.
• FIG. 1 shows a battery according to the invention in an oblique view from above.
• Figure 2 shows the battery in a section along the line II - II in Fig. 1.
• FIG. 4a shows the battery in a section along the line IVa - IVa in Fig. 4;
• FIG. 10 shows a battery module in a section according to the line X - X in FIG. 9;
• FIG. 11 shows a detail of this battery module in a section analogous to FIG. 10.
• the rechargeable battery 1 has in the exemplary embodiment seven battery modules 2, wherein each battery module 2 has two stacks 3, 4 of juxtaposed and strained battery cells 5.
• the stacks 3, 4 of each battery module 2 are arranged between two structurally stiff corrugated plates 6 made of metal. tall, for example aluminum, or plastic, arranged, wherein the plates 6 may be formed by die castings.
• the plates 6 themselves are clamped between two holding plates 7, 8 at the front and back of the battery 1, wherein the holding plate 7 is fixedly connected at the front via clamping screws 9 with the holding plate 8 at the rear.
• the clamping screws 9 are each arranged in the region of the plates 6.
• the plates 6 together with the holding plates 7, 8 form a holding frame 10 for the battery modules 2.
• the holding plates 7, 8 have openings in order to keep the weight as low as possible.
• the - seen in the stacking direction y - defined distance between the clamping screws 9 ensures that the battery cells 5 are installed in the correct position and with certain and over the life of the battery 1 substantially invariable bias.
• an elastic insulating layer 6a for example of a foam, arranged, which allows a uniform and gentle pressure distribution.
• the battery 1 together with the holding frame 10 is arranged in a housing 12, wherein between the housing 12 and the battery 1 cooling air flow paths are formed.
• To guide the flow of cooling air flow guide surfaces 13 are incorporated into the housing bottom 12a, as shown in FIG. 2 and 4 can be seen.
• Each battery cell 5 is surrounded by a plastic sheath 14, wherein the plastic sheath 14 approximately in the region of a Zellstoffebene 15 along the narrow side 5a has a protruding seal seam 16 for sealing. Between the sealing seams 16 of two adjacent battery cells 5 of a stack 3, 4 a free space 17 is spanned in each case.
• each battery module 2 are offset and formed overlapping each other.
• the offset V is approximately half the thickness D of a battery cell 5.
• the sealing seams 16 of a battery cell 5 of the one stack 3, 4 protrude into a space of sealing seams 16 of two adjacent battery cells 5 of the other stack 4, 3 open space 17 inside.
• the free space 17 can be used at least partially by accommodating part of the sealing seams 16. This has a very beneficial effect on the size of the installed space and on the volumetric energy density.
• the offset v between the two stacks 3, 4 causes the plates 6 form a step 24 in the region of a longitudinal center plane la of the battery 1.
• connection between the cell connectors 19, 20 and the cell poles 18 may be implemented as a clinching connection 21 comprising one or more clinching points 21a in a clinching process. This allows a particularly high current carrying capacity by means of multiple multiple points arranged next to one another and a corrosion-resistant long-term connection due to the hermetically sealed joints and easy contacting of the cell poles 18 with different materials (copper to aluminum and vice versa), without additional components.
• two to four sheets can be electrically connected to each other with the same tool, with the materials copper, aluminum and steel, in particular, being suitable for wall thicknesses of 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm.
• cell voltage monitoring cables 22 can thus be connected to the cell poles 18 in a clinching operation method simultaneously with the cell connectors 19, 20 in one step. Since the position of the clinching points 21a of the clinching joint 21 is allowed to scatter more than, for example, a laser welding joint, a relatively high tolerance compensation capability results.
• parallel and multiple tools can be realized for larger quantities a simple and cost-effective production, with only a few and easily controllable influencing factors such as material wall thickness, pressing force, etc. are available.
• the heat-dissipating surface of the battery 1 is increased, which is particularly important in direct air cooling of the cell poles 18 of importance.
• the protruding clinch points 21a also contribute to the increase in turbulence, which improves the heat transport, in particular in the case of air cooling.
• clinching points 21a also contribute to increasing the volumetric energy density through efficient use of space.
• a very thin, thermal and electrical insulator layer 23 for example an insulating film, is arranged between the battery cells 5 in order to avoid the occurrence of a "domino effect" in the case of a thermal overload of an adjacent battery cell 5.
• the free spaces 17 at the same time form cooling air channels 26, 27.
• first cooling air channels 26 which are arranged in the direction of the vertical axis z of the battery 1.
• the sealing seams 16 thereby form flow guide surfaces for the air flow and heat-dissipating surfaces. chen.
• second cooling air channels 27 are formed in the region of the cell poles 18 through the free spaces 17 at the top of the battery cells 5.
• the first and second cooling air channels 26, 27 are part of a closed cooling air circuit 28 for cooling the battery 1, wherein the cooling air circuit 28 has at least one cooling air blower 29 and at least one heat exchanger 30.
• the housing 12 has a cooling air supply flow path 31 and a cooling air discharge flow path 32, here, cooling air supply flow path 31 and cooling air discharge flow path 32 are disposed in the same first longitudinal side la (front side) of the battery 1.
• the cooling air is - coming from the cooling air blower 29 and the heat exchanger 30 - via thede Kunststoffzuschreibströmungsweg 31 of the housing 12 according to the arrows S in FIG. 4a via the second cooling air channels 27 in the region of the cell poles 18 of the battery cells 5 in the region of the upper side lb of the battery 1 to a first longitudinal side la remote second longitudinal side lc (back) of the battery 1 out.
• a part Sl of the air flows to a lower side ld of the battery 1 and in the region of the lower side ld in a collecting channel 33 formed between the bottom plate 11 of the battery 1 and the housing 12 back to the first
• a further part S2 of the cooling air flows through the first cooling air channels 26 between the two stacks 3, 4 of battery cells 5 to the bottom ld of the battery 1 and also passes into the collecting channel 33rd
• the cooling air thus flows through the second cooling air channels 27 and thereby cools the cell poles 18 and cell connectors 19, 20. Thereafter, part of the cooling air enters the first cooling air channels 26, which lead the cooling air counter to the vertical axis z downwards. In this case, all spaces and clearances 17 of the battery 1 flows through and dissipates accumulating heat. Between the retaining plate 7 on the first longitudinal side la (front) of the battery 1 and the housing 12, the remaining cooling air flows to the housing bottom 12a of the housing 12, where it is passed through the flow guide 13 to the vehicle longitudinal center plane ⁇ and collected. Thereafter, the cooling air exits through thede Kunststoffabbowströmungsweg 32, the housing 12 and is sucked in again by the cooling air blower 29 and cooled in the heat exchanger 30 before it is fed back into the closed cooling circuit 28 of the battery 1.
• cooling-air blowers 29 and heat exchangers 30 can also be fitted inside the outwardly sealed housing 12 of the battery 1. orders be.
• the cooling air blower on two fans, which are arranged upstream of the heat exchanger 30.
• the heat exchanger 30 is designed as an air / water heat exchanger, wherein cooling water inflow and outflow lines 34, 35 are connected to the heat exchanger 30.
• Reference numeral 36 designates flow guide surfaces for the cooling air S.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Electrochemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
• Transportation (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Sustainable Energy (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Secondary Cells (AREA)
• Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
• Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)
• Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=46397222

Family Applications (1)

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• 2011
  • 2011-06-30 AT ATA959/2011A patent/AT511669B1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2012
  • 2012-06-22 JP JP2014517612A patent/JP6169571B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2012-06-22 KR KR1020147000736A patent/KR20140042851A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2012-06-22 CN CN201280032755.9A patent/CN103918101A/zh active Pending
  • 2012-06-22 US US14/129,984 patent/US20140141298A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2012-06-22 EP EP12730480.6A patent/EP2727168A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2012-06-22 WO PCT/EP2012/062054 patent/WO2013000828A1/de active Application Filing

Non-Patent Citations (2)

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