EP2694756B1 - Procédé et machine à araser pour le nivellement de chapes - Google Patents

Procédé et machine à araser pour le nivellement de chapes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2694756B1
EP2694756B1 EP12720987.2A EP12720987A EP2694756B1 EP 2694756 B1 EP2694756 B1 EP 2694756B1 EP 12720987 A EP12720987 A EP 12720987A EP 2694756 B1 EP2694756 B1 EP 2694756B1
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piece
arm
arms
line
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Not-in-force
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EP12720987.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2694756A1 (fr
Inventor
Silvio Attilio DEDA
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Lomar Srl
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Lomar Srl
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F21/00—Implements for finishing work on buildings
    • E04F21/20—Implements for finishing work on buildings for laying flooring
    • E04F21/24—Implements for finishing work on buildings for laying flooring of masses made in situ, e.g. smoothing tools
    • E04F21/245—Rotary power trowels, i.e. helicopter trowels

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a screeding machine for leveling floor bases.
  • the invention concerns an improved screeding machine for leveling floor bases, comprising two tracks, parallel to each other, which support and move in two directions a frame or chassis, on which an articulated arm carrying a rotating tool is mounted; moreover, an automatic adjustment electronic system allows to carry out a continuous control of elevation, with respect to a plane generated by a laser projector, so that the accuracy of the plane made with the continuous control of elevation is such as not to affect the essential continuity effect of the plane which is produced, despite the succession of multiple adjacent screeding workings.
  • the floors are generally constituted by sand or cement layers and they may be made with or without foundations.
  • the floors with foundations are placed on a foundation screed (also called “cardana-screed"), which is placed and smoothed on the layer to be floored and which is normally a semi-humid mixture of sand, cement and water, in which the concentration of cement is low and the water is dosed as required to obtain a mixture having a semi-dry consistency (a moist-sand mixture), which is able to obtain a product with well defined geometrical characteristics, also avoiding the cropping up of plasticity features, that would occur were the mixture was dosed with too much water and which would generate unwanted movements of the mixture during and after the laying on the floor, and therefore unwanted variations of quality and geometry of the floor plain during and after drying.
  • a foundation screed also called "cardana-screed”
  • the above mentioned mixtures are produced using pre-mixed products or they are manually dosed by the operator.
  • the mixture lying on the unfinished floor of the building, with a thickness of about 3-15 cm and smoothed to obtain a finished surface, forms the laying bed on which are placed all types of coating, such as ceramic, marble, parquet, carpet, resins, etc.; a further object of the screed is also to have a space in which to install the water pipes, the electricity cables and/or cables of other-services.
  • the semi-dry mixtures having a thickness of 3-15 cm, in a pasty state, have a compression strength of between 0.05 and 0.15 Kg/cm2 and the operation of screeding said mixtures is mainly composed of the following steps.
  • the elevation and orientation of the plane is determined, by defining at least three points for which the plain to be made must cross; during this operation, in order to obtain the above reference points, necessary to define the plain to made, a prefixed elevation, established by the management of the construction yard, located on each floor of the building and used by all professionals (electricians, plumbers, carpenters, floor layers, etc.) as a reference point for the installation of various devices, is used as a reference.
  • bands parallel stripes (called bands), suitably spaced, are made with the same mixture material and are manually obtained by using the rod, thus creating a continuity of the plane among the points which are previously determined.
  • the mixed material is placed within the parallel strips or bands, which have been previously made, while during a fourth working step the so-called leveling operation is made, i.e. an operation according to which a kneeling operator swipes the rod on the bands to remove the excess material, placed between the bands during the previous step, in order to create in this way a single and continuous plane.
  • Such leveling operation may also be performed with suitable appropriate mechanical equipment, such as bridge screeding machines of the type described for example in EP1163408B1 , in which respective carriages move forward on lateral guides and are connected to two sections, belonging to the bridge structure, which are sliding on each other and one of which is fixed to a mechanical structure supporting a milling cutter; a suitable combination between the motion of rotation of the cutter (which rotates in a direction depending on the direction of the side carriages) and the motions of the carriage supporting the milling cutter and of the side carriages of the machine allow to automatically obtain a displacement and compression of the screed up to an appropriate optimal leveling.
  • suitable appropriate mechanical equipment such as bridge screeding machines of the type described for example in EP1163408B1 , in which respective carriages move forward on lateral guides and are connected to two sections, belonging to the bridge structure, which are sliding on each other and one of which is fixed to a mechanical structure supporting a milling cutter; a suitable combination between the motion of rotation of the cutter (which rotates in a direction depending on
  • a further processing step it is possible, by means of a manual trowel or by means of a suitable mechanical equipment, to tamper the foundation and to smooth and level the screed, in order to obtain a homogeneous and leveled plain (which allows to obtain a screed which is less porous and which can absorb less adhesive during the coating material laying step).
  • a screeding machine with the features of the preamble of claim 1 is known from DE 10153075 .
  • An object of the present invention is therefore to overcome the above technical drawbacks and, in particular, to indicate a screeding machine for leveling floor bases, which can be moved, simply and quickly, directly on the screed of the foundation, without having previously made supporting guides or bands, for the entire surface to be leveled, when the material of the screed is yet in a mixture and in any case before the beginning of the curing effect due to drying.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a screeding machine for leveling floor bases, which allows to obtain, simply and by a single operation, a surface layer of the screed, which is smooth, suitably compressed and perfectly leveled in a plane, without making a tamping operation, in correspondence with the entire surface to be walked on or to be floored and for every type of material used as foundation
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a screeding machine for leveling floor bases, which allows to drastically reduce the processing times and the floor installation costs, with respect to the prior art.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a method for making floor foundations, which is provided by means of the above mentioned machine.
  • the screeding machine has a size that can pass through all the interior doors of the flats, and this feature allows to not have to lift and move manually the machine to go through the rooms, but to continue the work through the passage of the doors and to pass in the hallways with continuity.
  • the screeding machine for leveling floor bases which is the object of the present invention, has two tracks AA, parallel to each other, which directly move on the screed to level and which support and move in at least two directions the machine frame or chassis BB, on which an articulated arm CC is mounted; moreover, a turret or adjusting device DD is associated in turn with said articulated arm CC and has, as a terminal element, a rotary tool EE.
  • the overall weight of said machine weighs on the screed in correspondence of the total area of the tracks AA, each of which resting on the sliding blocks B1, being moved by the drive roller A1 and also having an idle roller D1, a tensioning roller E1 and a belt F1 (as shown in figures 1, 3, 4 and 5 ).
  • the drive roller A1 transmits the motion to the belt F1, which rotates on the idle roller D1 and on the tensioning roller E1 and leans on the sliding blocks B1, so that the tangent of the drive roller A1 is the continuation of the tangent of the idle roller D1 ( Figs. 3-4 ); furthermore, the quick displacement of the idle roller D1 make easier the assembly and dismantling operations for maintenance and/or replacement of the belt F1.
  • the size of the belt F1 contact surface of each track AA between the sliding blocks B1 is such that the track AA makes a specific pressure on the screed below at least a value of between 0.05 and 0.15 Kg/cm2, as the pasty semi-dry mixtures, which constitute the screeds having varying thicknesses between 3 and 15 cm, have a resistance to compression between the values 0.05 and 0.15 kg/cm2; this allows the machine to directly move on the screed that the same machine makes, without sinking into the screed substrate and/or leave traces on the screed.
  • the machine also includes a plate C1, positioned below the machine frame BB and between the tracks AA ( figs. 2, 2A, 2B ), whose size is such that the specific pressure produced on the screed is less than at least a value in the range 0.05-0.15 kg/cm2; the plate C1 can also be translated, projecting beyond the plane defined by the tracks AA of a predetermined measure FF, in order to lift the entire machine frame BB and to move the lower surface of the belt F1 of the tracks AA away from the screed surface during the direction changes of the machine (in fact, the direction change takes place by performing a mechanical rotation of the machine frame BB, which, during the lifting, does not make any pressure and/or material slaver on the finished screed).
  • the machine is extremely easy to handle, since, because the axis of rotation of the plate C1 passes through the center of gravity of the machine frame BB, the lowering of said plate C1 beyond the lower surface of the tracks AA and the subsequent mechanical rotation of the machine frame BB allows to orient the above machine in all directions, including the possibility to make a complete rotation of the machine itself.
  • the plate C1 is associated with a first reduction gear RI2, which in turn is mounted on a lifting bridge PS; moreover, the lifting bridge PS is associated with two articulations SN1, SN2, mounted on respective shafts AL1, AL2, so that a second reduction gear RI1 rotates the first shaft AL1, which, through a tie rod TR, produces the rotation of the same angular amount of the second shaft AL2.
  • the rotation of the shaft AL1 by means of the reduction gear RI1, causes a displacement of the joints SN1, SN2, which, in turn, move the lifting bridge PS and, consequently, the plate C1.
  • the reduction gear RI2 causes the rotation of the plate C1 and then the orientation of the camera body BB and of the whole machine (see in particular figs. 6, 7 , in which plate C1 is in a rest position, and figs. 15, 16 , in which the plate C1 is moved in a vertical direction by a quantity H to rest on the screed)
  • the articulated arm CC is able to move the adjustment turret DD and the attached tool EE on a straight line GG which is parallel to the line HH, the latter joining the joints J, K which connect the articulated arm CC to the machine frame BB ( figs. 13-14 ).
  • the movement of the articulated arm CC starting from a rest position, / according to which the overall dimensions of the arm CC, of the adjustment turret DD and of the tool EE is included in a cylinder M which contains the whole machine ( figs. 8-9 ), allows the tool EE to run a distance, along the line GG, which is equal to the distance X+Y, moving the weight of the tool EE, of the adjustment turret DD and of the same articulated arm CC near the center of gravity of the machine frame BB ( Figs.
  • the distances X, Y and X+Y are adjustable and in any case the distance X+Y is greater than the overall width U of the machine frame BB, while the tool EE has overall dimensions greater than any other mechanical device for supporting the adjustment turret DD (which thus has a width smaller than the tool EE overall dimensions of at least a quantity Z).
  • the cross-bar T1 of the articulated arm CC is bound to the arms E, L at a distance F from the joints 1 and 4 of the jointing cross-bar MM and the cross-bar T2 is bound to the arms P and Q at the same distance F from the joints 2 and 3 of the jointing cross-bar MM, while the upright G of the articulated arm CC is bound to the cross-bar T1 and is equipped with a linear guide YL on which the cross-bar T2 slides.
  • the same cross-bar T2 will cause on said arms P and Q an angular displacement which is equal to said angle ⁇ variation; practically, an angular movement of a predetermined angle ⁇ of the arms E, L cause the same angular movement of the same angle ⁇ of the arms P and Q and, therefore, the straight line DD is spatially parallel to the line HH (while the plane containing the straight line HH is parallel to the contact surface NN of the tracks AA on the screed).
  • the angular movement of the arms E, L is generated by the angular movement of the sprocket TR, which is associated with the cross-bar T3 of the articulated arm CC, said cross-bar T3 being parallel to the cross-bars T1 and T2 and to the jointing cross-bar MM; since the angular sprocket TR is driven by a gear motor, the movement of the entire articulated arm CC can be stopped in any position, including the useful position which meets the conditions relating to the rest position and to the displacement of the total weight of the tool EE, of the adjustment turret DD and of the arm CC near the center of gravity of the machine frame BB.
  • the adjusting turret or device DD allows to have a continuous control of the tool EE elevation, with reference to a plane generated by a laser projector of a known type, and the precision of the plane realized with said elevation continuous control is such as not to affect the essential effect of continuity of the screed, despite more adjacent workings that the screeding machine is able to perform.
  • the elevation control is carried out by using at least 3 sensors SE, placed on the same plane PR and oriented and spaced from each other by 120°, which are able to receive the radiation produced by a laser source coming from any direction (as shown in detail in figs. 20-21-22 ).
  • the adjustment turret DD allows to achieve appreciable levels of accuracy (of the order of tenths of a millimeter) for making a floor base (for making a floor base one cannot accept differences of 2-10 mm between a plurality of points that are adjacent and/or close together) using the above mentioned sensors SE.
  • each sensor SE measures the change in intensity of the laser radiation through the thickness of the plane produced by the known laser projector and the diagram of the intensity of radiation V as a function of the elevation W has a shape that is instrumentally detectable.
  • the system is suffering neither the thickness of the radiation plane produced by the laser nor the intensity of the laser radiation.
  • a microprocessor control system processes the information coming from the sensors SE and generates a command for activating the motor MT of the turret DD to adjust continuously the elevation so that the tool EE carries out the working that is provided and is able to create a screed which is perfectly flat.
  • the motor MT rotates a worm VI, which rotates inside a spiral CH producing a displacement of the body PP with respect to the support QQ;
  • the body PP is associated, by means of the middle body RR and the spindle SS, with the tool EE, while the support QQ is integral to the terminal joints 5 and 6 of the arms P and Q on the turret DD frame ( figs. 17-18-19 ). Therefore, the displacement of the tool EE is always referred to the plane of contact NN between the tracks AA and the screed of the floor. Said screed is thus substantially made using the following method.
  • a known-type laser equipped with a support, is positioned at a prefixed elevation and oriented according to a desired plane where the screed will be built, also with reference to the plane determined by the construction yard.
  • the screeding machine object of the present invention by means of a milling operation obtained by combining the speed of the rotary tool EE, its rotation versus and the shifting of the articulated arm CC, as well as through a height continuous control of said tool EE which is made by means of the adjustment turret DD, is able to produce a plane always parallel to the reference plane previously determined by the laser source.
  • the rotation speed of the tool EE which is programmable according to the invention, generates a relative speed between said tool EE (a rotary cutter) and the screed, such as to obtain a surface finishing whose accuracy is extremely higher than what it could be achieved by a manual or mechanical tamping operation.
  • the machine object of the invention it is not necessary to realize the parallel bands that allow to create a plane continuity according to the prior art, as well as it is not necessary to distribute the mixed material within the bands, as the filling operation is replaced by a simple distribution of the mixture on the screed in a necessary amount.
  • the milling operation made by the screeding machine replaces the traditional operation of leveling a floor base, thus considerably improving the accuracy of flatness of the screed.
  • the finishing operation is made at the same time of the milling operation and is always obtained with a continuous control in the plane determination, it is possible to completely avoid all the inaccuracies due to a mechanical or manual finishing operation; furthermore, the geometry of the cutter generates rotary force torques, whose resultants produce a localized pressing of the screed at the same time the displacement of the mixed material, during the screed processing.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Paving Machines (AREA)
  • On-Site Construction Work That Accompanies The Preparation And Application Of Concrete (AREA)
  • Grinding Of Cylindrical And Plane Surfaces (AREA)
  • Manipulator (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Machine à aplanir pour niveler des chapes, comprenant un châssis ou corps principal (BB), des moyens de support et de manipulation (AA) du châssis (BB) dans au moins deux directions, qui sont connectés audit châssis ou corps (BB), et des moyens de support et de manipulation (CC) d'au moins un dispositif de fraisage (DD), qui sont également fixés audit châssis ou corps (BB), ledit dispositif de fraisage (DD) ayant, à une partie d'extrémité, au moins un outil rotatif (EE) approprié pour niveler et lisser une chape afin d'obtenir une surface finie sur laquelle il est possible de placer au moins un type de surface de couverture, lesdits moyens de support et de manipulation (CC) dudit dispositif de fraisage (DD) incluant au moins un bras articulé (CC), qui peut déplacer ledit dispositif de fraisage (DD) le long d'une première ligne (GG) qui est parallèle à une deuxième ligne (HH) reliant au moins deux premières articulations (J, K) qui raccordent ledit bras articulé (CC) au châssis ou corps (BB) de la machine selon une direction qui est essentiellement perpendiculaire à la direction de déplacement dudit châssis (BB), ladite machine à aplanir étant caractérisée en ce que ledit bras articulé (CC) est composé par deux parallélogrammes réunis par un bras commun (N, S), dans lesquels
    - un premier parallélogramme comprend quatre bras (E, L, N, O) avec un premier bras (O) s'étendant le long de ladite deuxième ligne (HH) et reliant lesdites au moins deux premières articulations (J, K), un deuxième et un troisième bras (E, L) parallèles entre eux et raccordés au châssis (BB) par lesdites au moins deux premières articulations (J, K) et un quatrième bras (N) s'étendant le long d'une troisième ligne (JJ), ledit quatrième bras (N) étant ledit bras commun (N) entre les deux parallélogrammes,
    - un deuxième parallélogramme comprend quatre bras (S, P, Q, R) avec un premier bras (S) qui est commun audit quatrième bras (N) du premier parallélogramme et qui s'étend donc également le long de la troisième ligne (JJ), un deuxième et un troisième bras (P, Q) parallèles entre eux et s'étendant à partir de ladite troisième ligne (JJ) et un quatrième bras (R),
    - lesdits deuxième et troisième bras (E, L) dudit premier parallélogramme étant reliés audit bras commun (N, S) par des articulations respectives (1, 4), et/ou
    - lesdits deuxième et troisième bras (P, Q) dudit deuxième parallélogramme étant reliés audit bras commun (N) par des articulations respectives (2, 3),
    et la distance (KK) entre lesdites deuxième et troisième lignes (HH, JJ) dans une direction (LL) perpendiculaire au plan de déplacement de la machine changeant avec l'angle (α) entre lesdits deuxième et troisième bras (E, L) du premier parallélogramme et ladite direction (LL).
  2. Machine à aplanir selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que, dans une position de repos, ledit bras articulé (CC), ledit dispositif de fraisage (DD) et ledit outil rotatif (EE) ont des dimensions hors-tout correspondant à un cylindre (M) qui contient la machine.
  3. Machine à aplanir selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que ledit outil rotatif (EE) couvre une distance, le long de ladite première ligne (GG), égale à une valeur prédéfinie (X+Y), qui est supérieure à la largeur hors-tout (U) dudit châssis ou corps (BB).
  4. Machine à aplanir selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que ledit outil rotatif (EE) a des dimensions hors-tout supérieures aux dimensions hors-tout dudit dispositif de fraisage (DD).
  5. Machine à aplanir selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que ledit bras articulé (CC) a au moins une première traverse (T1), qui constitue une contrainte pour au moins deux premiers bras (E, L) à une distance prédéfinie (F) d'une traverse d'articulation (MM), et au moins une deuxième traverse (T2), qui constitue une contrainte pour au moins deux deuxièmes bras (P, Q) à ladite distance prédéfinie (F) de ladite traverse d'articulation (MM), ladite traverse d'articulation (MM) étant perpendiculaire à ladite quatrième ligne supplémentaire (LL).
  6. Machine à aplanir selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que ledit bras articulé (CC) a au moins une tige verticale (G), qui est reliée à ladite première traverse (T1) et qui a un guide linéaire (YL) sur laquelle se déplace ladite deuxième traverse (T2).
  7. Machine à aplanir selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que ladite première traverse (T1) se déplace, en conditions de fonctionnement de la machine, selon un angle prédéfini, par rapport à ladite traverse d'articulation (MM), et ladite variation angulaire, d'une même valeur prédéfinie, est transmise de ladite première traverse (T1) à ladite deuxième traverse (T2), par l'intermédiaire dudit guide linéaire (YL), ladite deuxième traverse (T2) étant capable de produire sur au moins deux desdits bras (P, Q) un déplacement angulaire correspondant à ladite variation angulaire (α), de telle sorte que ladite première ligne (GG) soit parallèle à ladite deuxième ligne (HH) et que le plan contenant ladite deuxième ligne (HH) soit parallèle au plan de contact (NN) entre lesdits moyens de support et de manipulation (AA) de la machine et la chape.
  8. Machine à aplanir selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que ledit bras articulé (CC) est raccordé à au moins une troisième traverse (T3), qui est parallèle à ladite traverse d'articulation (MM), ainsi qu'à ladite première traverse (T1) et à ladite deuxième traverse (T2), et qui est raccordé à un engrenage conique (TR), qui est entraîné par un dispositif pour atteindre une position de repos dudit bras articulé (CC) et/ou pour déplacer le poids total dudit bras articulé (CC) et dudit outil rotatif (EE) à proximité du centre de gravité dudit châssis ou corps (BB) de la machine.
EP12720987.2A 2011-04-05 2012-03-26 Procédé et machine à araser pour le nivellement de chapes Not-in-force EP2694756B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT000083A ITVI20110083A1 (it) 2011-04-05 2011-04-05 Macchina spianatrice per la realizzazione di sottofondi per pavimenti
PCT/IT2012/000088 WO2012137233A1 (fr) 2011-04-05 2012-03-26 Procédé et machine à araser pour le nivellement de chapes

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2694756A1 EP2694756A1 (fr) 2014-02-12
EP2694756B1 true EP2694756B1 (fr) 2014-11-26

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EP (1) EP2694756B1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2530509T3 (fr)
IT (1) ITVI20110083A1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2589776C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012137233A1 (fr)

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CN106670958A (zh) * 2016-12-16 2017-05-17 北京工业大学 一种研磨厚度可调并显示厚度数值的研磨机

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CN111727104B (zh) * 2019-01-23 2022-06-24 姜奕丞 地面研磨机器人
CN110409777B (zh) * 2019-08-19 2020-12-11 贝嘉制衣(绍兴)有限公司 一种水泥地面压光机
CN112392236A (zh) * 2020-11-07 2021-02-23 南天浩 一种凹凸自适应式液体瓷砖涂膜装置
RU210681U1 (ru) * 2022-02-01 2022-04-26 Дмитрий Александрович Суворов Робот для укладки жесткопластичной стяжки и выравнивания основания для пола
CN114714181A (zh) * 2022-04-28 2022-07-08 福州大学 一种自找平式地坪研磨机
CN115055755A (zh) * 2022-06-16 2022-09-16 广东海迪五金实业有限公司 一种五金加工用高速智能带锯床

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BE1011512A3 (fr) * 1997-10-22 1999-10-05 Trovato Salvatore Dispositif pour l'etalement d'un produit de finition dans un immeuble.
IT1311764B1 (it) 1999-03-23 2002-03-19 Lomar S N C Di M Lovecchio E C Macchina spianatrice per la realizzazione di sottofondi di pavimenti
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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ES2530509T3 (es) 2015-03-03
RU2589776C2 (ru) 2016-07-10
EP2694756A1 (fr) 2014-02-12
WO2012137233A1 (fr) 2012-10-11
RU2013146400A (ru) 2015-05-10
ITVI20110083A1 (it) 2012-10-06

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