Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21F—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF METAL WIRE
  • B21F45/00—Wire-working in the manufacture of other particular articles
  • B21F45/008—Wire-working in the manufacture of other particular articles of medical instruments, e.g. stents, corneal rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
  • A61C5/00—Filling or capping teeth
  • A61C5/40—Implements for surgical treatment of the roots or nerves of the teeth; Nerve needles; Methods or instruments for medication of the roots
  • A61C5/42—Files for root canals; Handgrips or guiding means therefor
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21F—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF METAL WIRE
  • B21F1/00—Bending wire other than coiling; Straightening wire
  • B21F1/004—Bending wire other than coiling; Straightening wire by means of press-type tooling
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
  • C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
  • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
  • C22F1/10—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of nickel or cobalt or alloys based thereon
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
  • A61C2201/00—Material properties
  • A61C2201/007—Material properties using shape memory effect

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an endodontic instrument, in particular an instrument for boring a root canal of a tooth of a patient, said instrument having a longitudinal axis and comprising a working zone arranged to form and / or shape and / or or cutting and / or cleaning the wall of the root canal of the tooth, this working area being provided with a holding tip arranged to be fixed on a support.
• the cleaning and shaping of the root canals of a tooth for receiving the filling substances is carried out by the use of boring instruments having an active part, called a working part, which has the purpose of to shape and clean the root canal to prepare it for receiving treatment and sealing materials.
• the root canals often have particular geometries with complex curvatures and reduced sections, such as constrictions or oval areas, which are not well suited to the introduction of preparation and shaping instruments. This is why instruments called limes must have sometimes contradictory characteristics: These files must be thin but resistant while being flexible enough to follow the curvatures of the root canal and reach its end while remaining hard enough to cut and cut the walls of the root canal. this channel.
• the US publication US 2010/0233648 discloses an endodontic instrument which is made of a superelastic material which has a first shape at the time of its introduction into the root canal and which takes a second shape when it is inside this channel.
• This shape modification 5 is related to the property of superelasticity of the material, which allows the instrument to undergo deformations due to mechanical constraints imposed by the profile of the channel.
• the present invention proposes to overcome all of the above disadvantages and to provide means for ensuring effective preparation of the root canal, by providing the practitioner with an adaptable instrument that is easily introduced to the patient. interior of the root canal and which may nevertheless have a suitable shape to ensure the preparation for the root treatment and the closure of this channel.
• the instrument according to the invention as defined in the preamble and characterized in that said at least one working zone is arranged to have a retracted shape with at least partially straight geometry when the instrument is in the rest position.
• the instrument being in the so-called martensitic phase and an expanded structured form adapted to the profile of said root canal when the instrument is in the working position, the instrument then being in a so-called austenitic phase, the transition from the martensitic phase to the the austenitic phase being caused by a first predetermined change in the temperature of the instrument and the return of the instrument from its austenitic phase to its martensitic phase being caused by a second predetermined variation of the temperature of this instrument.
• At least said first predetermined variation of the temperature of the instrument is caused during the use of said instrument after its introduction into said root canal.
• said first predetermined temperature variation of the instrument is a rise in temperature.
• Said temperature rise which causes said passage of the martensitic phase to the austenitic phase, is advantageously in a range of temperatures between 0 ° and 60 ° C and preferably between 25 ° and 40 ° C.
• said second predetermined variation of the temperature of this instrument is a lowering of the temperature.
• Said lowering of temperature, to a value called transformation temperature which advantageously causes the passage of the austenitic phase to the martensitic phase, is in a range of temperatures between 60 ° and 0 ° C and preferably between 40 ° and 40 ° C. 25 ° C.
• said at least one working zone may be made of a metal alloy having shape memory properties enabling it to take a retracted form at room temperature and a structured form expanded to a higher temperature at the time of or after its introduction into said root canal.
• said metal alloy having shape memory properties is an alloy chosen from the following alloys: nickel-titanium, copper-zinc-aluminum-nickel, copper-aluminum-nickel, or zinc-copper-gold -fer or a combination of at least two of these alloys.
• said expanded structured form may have a twisted appearance, a substantially flat twist shape or a twisted twisted form of substantially circular section.
• the working area of the instrument may comprise parts having cutting edges or smoothing edges or an abrasive surface or at least one end sector forming an angle with the axis of the instrument.
• the working zone of the instrument may be tubular and comprise two end sectors forming an angle with respect to the axis of the instrument, these two sectors being arranged to describe a cone during the axial rotation of the instrument.
• FIG. 1A shows an instrument according to the invention in the form of a flat tendril, at the moment of its introduction into a root canal of a tooth
• FIGS. 1B to 1D show the instrument of FIG. 1A after its introduction into the root canal of the tooth
• FIGS. 1C and 1D respectively representing sections in this tooth along the axes AA and BB
• Figures 2A and 2C show another embodiment of the instrument according to the invention at the time of its introduction into a root canal of a root of a tooth
• Figure 2C showing a section in the root of this tooth along the axis AA
• FIGS. 2B and 2D represent the instrument of FIG. 2A, after its introduction into the root canal of a root of the tooth
• FIG. 2D representing a section in this root along axis AA
• FIGS. 3A and 3C show another variant embodiment of an instrument according to the invention which is expandable, in a first working state in a root of a tooth, FIG. 3C showing a section in this root along the axis AA
• FIGS. 3B and 3D represent the so-called expandable instrument of FIG. 3A, in a second working state, FIG. 3D showing a section in the treated root of the tooth along the AA axis
• FIGS. 4A and 4B. represent an expansible instrument similar to that of FIGS. 3A to 3D, in a different working configuration in a root of a tooth, FIG. 4B showing a section in this root along the AA axis
• FIG. 5A illustrates a variant, tubular, of the instrument according to the invention, introduced into the root of a tooth but in a rest position
• FIG 5B is an enlarged view of the end of the working area of the instrument of the FIG. 5A in the rest position
• FIG. 6A illustrates the instrument of FIGS. 5A and 5B in the working position in the root of the tooth
• Figure 6B is an enlarged view of the end of the working area of the instrument of Figure 5A in the working position.
• the instrument shown in Figs. 1A-1D is a manual-type instrument for attachment to the end of a handle to allow the practitioner to scrape the substantially oval root canal of a patient's tooth. essentially by back and forth movements and pivoting movements about the longitudinal axis of the instrument.
• This instrument 10 comprises a working zone 11, made of a wire comprising one or more strands, extended by a holding tip 13 which is carried by a support 14, in this case a handle allowing the practitioner to manipulate the instrument.
• FIG. 1A shows the instrument 10 in its insertion position in the root canal 21 of a tooth 20.
• the working zone 11 of the instrument 10 is in the retracted position, in this case, substantially rectilinear, which facilitates its introduction into the root canal 21 and allows easy passage through an apparent constriction 16 in this channel.
• the working zone 11 retains its retracted form, substantially rectilinear because the metal alloy in which it is made has a characteristic called "shape memory".
• shape memory This characteristic, known per se, allows a suitable metal alloy to have a first geometric shape in a given temperature range and take a different geometric shape after switching to another temperature.
• the working zone 11 of the instrument made of a nickel-titanium-based alloy, has a substantially rectilinear shape at an ambient temperature, for example between 0 and 35.degree.
• a first temperature variation such as an elevation, is applied, which is in the range of temperatures between 0 ° and 60 ° C.
• a second variation in temperature is applied, such as a lowering to a a value called transformation temperature, which is in a temperature range between 60 ° and 0 ° C, and preferably 40 ° and 25 ° C for some nickel alloys.
• transformation temperature a value that is in a temperature range between 60 ° and 0 ° C, and preferably 40 ° and 25 ° C for some nickel alloys.
• the alloys usable for their shape memory properties are mainly copper-zinc-aluminum-nickel, copper-aluminum-nickel and zinc-copper-gold-iron alloys. Other alloys with similar properties could of course be used.
• the rise in temperature can be accelerated by means of heating incorporated in the support of the instrument or by external means such as for example sodium hypochlorite (NaOCI) which is used for the disinfection of the root canal.
• NaOCI sodium hypochlorite
• This compound can be injected by a heating syringe, commonly used in the field by practitioners.
• FIGS. 1B to 1 D The expanded structured shape taken by the working zone 11 of the instrument 10 is represented by FIGS. 1B to 1 D.
• the working zone 11 has, in this embodiment, taken the form of a flat tendril which substantially fills the entire width of the root canal 21 as illustrated by Figures 1C and 1D.
• This auger has great flexibility, so that it adapts to the shape of the channel 21.
• the loops 17 of the tendril are less accentuated than in widened sectors 18 and 19 respectively corresponding to the bottom and the inlet of the channel 21 ' .
• FIGS. 2A to 2D show an instrument 10 according to the invention, of the motorized type, engaged in one of the channels 21 of a molar tooth 20 with two root canals.
• FIGS. 1B to 1 D The expanded structured shape taken by the working zone 11 of the instrument 10 is represented by FIGS. 1B to 1 D.
• the working zone 11 has, in this embodiment, taken the form of a flat tendril which substantially fills the entire
• the working area 1 1 in its retracted form, is substantially rectilinear, which allows easy insertion into the root canal 21.
• the work area 1 1 has taken its expanded structural form, following an increase in temperature obtained either by contact with the body of the patient, or by means of a heating resistor (not shown) present in the support 14 which In the example shown, the instrument is mechanically rotated and has, in its structured state, a form of corkscrew.
• the working zone 11 of the instrument 10 has, moreover, a sufficiently flexible consistency so that its section can adapt to the section of the root canal 21 which is more or less conical.
• the working zone 11 is made with a shape memory metal alloy wire which takes its expanded structural form following a rise in temperature or a change in temperature.
• the section of the wire may be substantially circular or possibly angular so that the function of the instrument is rather smooth or rather sharp or abrasive depending on the desired result.
• Figures 3A to 3D show another embodiment of an instrument according to the invention of the motorized type.
• This instrument 10 said expandable, has specific characteristics that allow it to adapt to the profile and dimensions of a root canal or "machine" this canal to give it the desired profile and dimensions for further processing of root.
• the instrument in its state represented by FIGS.
• 3A and 3C is introduced into one of the root canals 21 of the tooth 20.
• This channel comprises a slight bulge 21a in its central part, followed by a narrowing 21b. .
• the working area 11 of the instrument 10 adapts to this configuration.
• this instrument is rotated by its support 14 and, depending on the section of the wire of metal with which it is constituted, its action produces either machining, cutting, abrasion or In this case, the aim is to widen the upper part of the channel by eliminating the constriction 21b in order to facilitate the introduction of the sealing paste.
• the instrument 0 expands, takes a form of corkscrew of substantially circular section and acts on the walls by cutting or eroding the material of the body of the tooth, as shown in Figures 3B and 3D.
• the expansion of the instrument 10 is essentially in the upper part of the working zone 11 and the aim is to cone the root canal 21
• the working zone 11 can be cutting, abrasive or smoothing according to the envisaged machining of the channel 21.
• FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate another embodiment of the instrument 10, in which the working zone 11 is substantially tubular and has a twisted appearance.
• the lower end 12 of this working zone 11 is slotted axially over a certain length and comprises two sectors 12a and 12b which are visible in FIG. 5B.
• the two sectors 12a and 12b are juxtaposed in the axial extension of the remainder of the zone of
• the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described, but may undergo various modifications or variations.
• the described variants are manual and motorized, it is possible to also consider vibrating the instrument by ultrasound.
• the preparation of the root canal may vary.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Metallurgy (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Neurosurgery (AREA)
• Epidemiology (AREA)
• Biomedical Technology (AREA)
• Neurology (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
• Surgery (AREA)
• Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
• Dentistry (AREA)
• Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
• Vascular Medicine (AREA)
• Dental Tools And Instruments Or Auxiliary Dental Instruments (AREA)

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• 2010
  • 2010-12-16 CH CH02100/10A patent/CH704235B1/fr unknown
• 2011
  • 2011-12-12 US US13/994,162 patent/US20140004479A1/en not_active Abandoned
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  • 2011-12-12 WO PCT/CH2011/000296 patent/WO2012079183A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2011-12-12 JP JP2013543481A patent/JP2014505507A/ja active Pending
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  • 2015-11-03 US US14/930,844 patent/US9931179B2/en active Active
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