EP2648957A1 - Améliorations concernant des trams - Google Patents

Améliorations concernant des trams

Info

Publication number
EP2648957A1
EP2648957A1 EP11808691.7A EP11808691A EP2648957A1 EP 2648957 A1 EP2648957 A1 EP 2648957A1 EP 11808691 A EP11808691 A EP 11808691A EP 2648957 A1 EP2648957 A1 EP 2648957A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tram
section
wheels
steering
tram section
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11808691.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Lewis Lesley
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tram Research Ltd
Original Assignee
Tram Research Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tram Research Ltd filed Critical Tram Research Ltd
Publication of EP2648957A1 publication Critical patent/EP2648957A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/38—Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self- adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves, e.g. sliding axles, swinging axles
    • B61F5/44—Adjustment controlled by movements of vehicle body
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/38—Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self- adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves, e.g. sliding axles, swinging axles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D13/00—Tramway vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F3/00—Types of bogies
    • B61F3/16—Types of bogies with a separate axle for each wheel

Definitions

  • the present invention is concerned with trams.
  • a design issue relevant to most rail vehicles can be understood with reference to Figure 1 , which shows a curved section of rail track and a carriage 12 moving along it, the carriage having fixed (non-steerable) wheel pairs 14, 16 fore-and-aft. It can be seen that due to the curvature of the rails 18, the wheels are non-parallel to the rails. This is undesirable, potentially creating additional wheel/rail friction, and resultant wear and noise, and other damage through fatigue failure of axles or wheels.
  • GB 2 280 160A Tram Research Ltd. This describes a tram with front and rear carriages connected by an "articulation" - a coupling which allows an angle between the two carriages to vary according to the curvature of the track.
  • the front of the front carriage and the rear of the rear carriage are supported by respective bogies which are pivotally coupled to the carriages, enabling them to turn as required to align themselves with the track.
  • a pair of wheels which can be steered to follow the track.
  • Figure 12 of GB 2 280 160A shows an arrangement in which each of a pair of wheels is able to be steered about a respective vertical axis by a respective crank arm.
  • a track rod links the two crank arms, keeping the wheels parallel to one another.
  • the wheels are mounted on one of the tram carriages but their steering angle is controlled by a mechanical linkage, formed as a pushrod, which is coupled to the other carriage. While the point is not explicitly made in GB 2 280 160A, it is believed that the wheels are thereby steered such that their axes of rotation bisect the angle between the two carriages. It might be thought that the centre section wheels could instead be allowed to steer themselves in the manner of castors, but such arrangements prove to be unstable (prone to oscillation). While successful, the layout described in GB 2 280 160A has certain limitations.
  • the carriage weight needs to be borne principally by the bogies located fore-and- aft, rather than by the single pair of wheels supporting the tram's centre portion, which dictates the location of heavy parts of the drive train. Also it would for some purposes be desirable to provide a three-section tram, having a middle carriage with articulated couplings at its front and rear to front and rear carriages, but the middle carriage requires the support of more than one pai of wheels.
  • a tram section having front and rear coupling arrangements for forming articulated connections to neighbouring tram sections in front and behind, and front and rear wheel arrangements both comprising: a pair of wheels for engaging respective rails of a tramway, each wheel being mounted on a respective stub axle and each stub axle being pivotable about a respective upright axis to change a steering angle of the wheel; and
  • a steering mechanism for controlling the steering angles of the pair of wheels.
  • Figure 1 is a plan view of a carriage with non-steerable wheels on a curved section of track
  • Figure 2 is a plan view of a tram section according to an embodiment of the present invention on a curved section of track;
  • Figure 3 is a side view of a tram section according to an embodiment of the present invention;
  • Figure 4 is a plan view of a tram section according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a plan view of a tram section according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a tram section 20 which embodies the present invention, having a front wheel arrangement 22 and a rear wheel arrangement 24.
  • the front wheel arrangement 22 comprises a pair of front wheels 26, 28 which are laterally separated from one another to engage with respective rails 30, 32 of a tramway.
  • Each wheel is mounted for rotation upon a respective stub axle 34.
  • the term "axle” in this context merely refers to some rotatable part which carries the wheel, which may for example take the form of a hub to which the wheel is secured.
  • the stub axle is mounted on the tram section thr ugh a wheel bearing (not seen) and a pivot 36 which defines a generally upright axis, normal to the plane of the paper in Figure 2, about which the stub axle 34 and its wheel 26 can turn, enabling the wheel to be steered to keep it roughly parallel to the rail 30, 32 despite the rail's curvature.
  • a mechanism is provided to control this steering action of the tram wheels.
  • the mechanism includes a respective control arm 38, 40 for each of the wheels 26,28 the control arm being coupled to the wheel mountings so that turning the arm changes the wheel's steering angle.
  • a track rod 42 couples the two steering arms 38, 40 of the front wheels 26, 28 so that the wheels steer together.
  • such an arrangement can be designed such that the wheel at the inside of the curve has a larger steering angle than the wheel at the outside of the curve, as it should since the curvature of the inside rail 32 is higher than that of the outside rail 30. This is often referred to as "Ackermann" steering geometry.
  • the rear wheel arrangement comprises rear wheels 50, 52 which are mounted and steered in the same manner as the front wheels 26, 28.
  • FIGS 3 and 4 illustrate a further tram section 100 embodying the present invention. Parts which have already been described with reference to Figure 2, including the front and rear wheels 26, 28, 50, 52, their control arms 38, 40 and the track rods 42, are given the same reference numerals in Figures 3 and 4 that were used in Figure 2, and will not be described again.
  • the tram section 100 is intended to form a middle section of a tram. That is, it will be coupled at its front end to a front tram section (not shown) and at its rear end to a rear tram section (not shown). A three section tram is envisaged but trams with four or more sections, with multiple middle sections 100, are possible.
  • the tram section 100 has front and rear coupling arrangements 102, 104 for forming articulated couplings to the front and rear tram sections.
  • a control lever 106 is coupled to the front tram section (not shown), so that as the first section turns relative to the middle section 100, the control lever 106 turns about its fulcrum 102.
  • the control lever 106 in its turn acts on a connecting lever 108 having a fulcrum 110.
  • the connecting lever 108 couples to a push rod 1 12 which actuates the track rod 42 and so steers the tram wheels.
  • the connecting lever 108 provides a reversal of direction in the mechanism needed to ensure that the wheels steer in the correct sense - i.e. the steer to the left as the track curves to the left.
  • the device used to steer the tram wheels need not be purely mechanical.
  • Figure 5 illustrates an alternative arrangement in which the control lever 106 acts upon a position sensor 1 14 whose output is supplied to control electronics 1 16 which in turn control a servo mechanism 118, which may be of electrical, hydraulic or other type and which moves the push rod 1 12 to steer the wheels.
  • a servo mechanism 118 which may be of electrical, hydraulic or other type and which moves the push rod 1 12 to steer the wheels.
  • each wheel is provided with a respective drive motor, schematically represented as 122.
  • the tram section 20 may be provided with its own braking system. This can take any suitable form including disc, dram, shoe-on-tyre etc. It may be provided with its own power system and this can take any suitable form including hub motors, separate motor with drive shaft, electric, hydraulic, mechanical.
  • the steering of the wheels on the centre tram section improves ride comfort for passengers and lengthens the potential life of the vehicle. Steering into and out of curves, keeping the wheels generally parallel to the curves, improves rail life by reducing sidewear.
  • the tram section 20 can provide a wide low floor space for disabled access and safe passenger circulation through the tram. It can improve flexibility for passengers accommodation and facilities including exterior door locations. It provides, potentially, a consent floor height throughout the tram, making boarding and alighting safer for all passengers.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Steering-Linkage Mechanisms And Four-Wheel Steering (AREA)

Abstract

Wagon (20) pour voie ferrée de trains ou de trams, qui possède deux jeux de roues directrices. L'orientation des roues est déterminée par l'angle entre d'une part le wagon en question, d'autre part un wagon, une motrice ou autre matériel roulant qui précède ou suit le wagon (20).
EP11808691.7A 2010-12-10 2011-12-08 Améliorations concernant des trams Withdrawn EP2648957A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1020990.6A GB2486272A (en) 2010-12-10 2010-12-10 Tram section with steerable wheels
PCT/GB2011/052434 WO2012076893A1 (fr) 2010-12-10 2011-12-08 Améliorations concernant des trams

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2648957A1 true EP2648957A1 (fr) 2013-10-16

Family

ID=43567010

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11808691.7A Withdrawn EP2648957A1 (fr) 2010-12-10 2011-12-08 Améliorations concernant des trams

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2648957A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB2486272A (fr)
WO (1) WO2012076893A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2710467C1 (ru) 2016-07-19 2019-12-26 Медела Холдинг Аг Колесный узел для транспортного средства, направляемого по железнодорожному пути
GB2566715B (en) * 2017-09-22 2020-05-20 Bombardier Transp Gmbh Rail vehicle provided with running gear with a steering actuator and associated control method

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB793436A (en) * 1955-05-05 1958-04-16 Acf Ind Inc Articulated rail car with individually guided axles
DE3538513A1 (de) * 1987-04-27 1987-05-07 Scheucken Heinrich Strassenbahn-leichtbautriebwagen mit gelenkten angetriebenen oder mitlaufenden einzelradfahrwerken und durchgehendem niedrigfussboden fuer einstufeneinstieg
DE3710623A1 (de) * 1987-03-31 1988-10-20 Krauss Maffei Ag Gleisfahrzeug
DE4039540C1 (en) * 1990-12-11 1991-12-12 Bochumer Eisenhuette Heintzmann Gmbh & Co Kg, 4630 Bochum, De Railway vehicle bogie with several opposite wheels - has wheel steering positions coupled hydraulically via track rod system
DE4040303A1 (de) * 1990-12-17 1992-06-25 Waggon Union Gmbh Einzelradfahrwerk fuer schienenfahrzeuge
ES2078815T3 (es) * 1992-07-24 1995-12-16 Sgp Verkehrstechnik Vehiculo sobre carriles.
GB2280160B (en) * 1993-07-14 1998-04-29 Tram Research Limited Railway rolling stock
CH690032A5 (fr) * 1994-07-13 2000-03-31 Vevey Technologies Sa Procédé de réglage de l'orientation des dispositifs de roulement à roues orientables d'un ensemble roulant sur rail et ensemble roulant utilisant ce procédé.
AT409748B (de) * 2000-11-21 2002-10-25 Integral Verkehrstechnik Ag Steuerungseinrichtung für lenkbare einachsfahrwerke
JP3667663B2 (ja) * 2001-07-12 2005-07-06 川崎重工業株式会社 鉄道車両用一軸台車
EP1652746A4 (fr) * 2003-07-16 2008-11-26 Toudai Tlo Ltd Essieu a autoguidage et wagon l'utilisant
US20100294163A1 (en) * 2006-07-12 2010-11-25 Michael Walter Rail vehicle

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2012076893A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB201020990D0 (en) 2011-01-26
GB2486272A (en) 2012-06-13
WO2012076893A1 (fr) 2012-06-14

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Inventor name: LESLEY, LEWIS

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