EP2644739B1 - Procédé de passivation d'une surface métallique et appareil ménager, notamment lave-vaisselle ménager, doté d'une partie de paroi - Google Patents

Procédé de passivation d'une surface métallique et appareil ménager, notamment lave-vaisselle ménager, doté d'une partie de paroi Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2644739B1
EP2644739B1 EP13161241.8A EP13161241A EP2644739B1 EP 2644739 B1 EP2644739 B1 EP 2644739B1 EP 13161241 A EP13161241 A EP 13161241A EP 2644739 B1 EP2644739 B1 EP 2644739B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
metal surface
household appliance
wall portion
metal
plasma jet
Prior art date
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EP13161241.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2644739A1 (fr
Inventor
Fernando Planas Layunta
Lahoz Maria Carmen Artal
Andres Escartin Barduzal
Francisco Javier Ester Sola
Francisco Javier Marco Lostao
José Ignacio Pena Torre
Elena Martinez Solanas
Christian Buske
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BSH Hausgeraete GmbH
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BSH Hausgeraete GmbH
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Priority claimed from DE102012102721A external-priority patent/DE102012102721B4/de
Priority claimed from ES201232053A external-priority patent/ES2472420B1/es
Application filed by BSH Hausgeraete GmbH filed Critical BSH Hausgeraete GmbH
Publication of EP2644739A1 publication Critical patent/EP2644739A1/fr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/36—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases using ionised gases, e.g. ionitriding
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/73—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals characterised by the process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C23C4/10—Oxides, borides, carbides, nitrides or silicides; Mixtures thereof
    • C23C4/11—Oxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/134—Plasma spraying
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L15/00—Washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware
    • A47L15/42—Details
    • A47L15/4246—Details of the tub

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for passivating a metal surface of a wall part of a household appliance, in which a passivating agent is applied to the metal surface of a wall part of a domestic appliance.
  • the household appliance may in particular be a household dishwasher.
  • passivation Under a passivation of a metal surface of a wall part of a household appliance is understood in the context of this description, for example, the application of a corrosion inhibitor. Passivation may also include applying a means to reduce friction in processing a metal workpiece. Likewise, the passivation of the metal surface of a wall part of a household appliance can also mean the reduction of the electrical resistance, ie an electrical insulation of the metal surface of a wall part of a household appliance.
  • a passivation of a metal surface is the phosphating, in which a so-called conversion layer of firmly adhering metal phosphates is formed by chemical reactions of metallic surfaces with aqueous phosphate solutions.
  • the phosphating is mostly applied to steel, but can also be used for galvanized or cadmium steels and aluminum. Main areas of application are corrosion protection, adhesion, friction and wear reduction as well as electrical insulation.
  • the layer formation takes place by precipitation of sparingly soluble phosphoric acid salts, so-called phosphates from an aqueous solution.
  • these may be iron, zinc, or manganese phosphate layers.
  • the metal cations involved in layer formation originate from the base material; the metal cations from the phosphate solution are not involved in the layer structure.
  • the layer build-up is effected by metal cations from the phosphate solution; in addition, metal cations from the base material may be involved.
  • the layer thicknesses range from a few hundred nanometers in the iron phosphating up to two micrometers and more in zinc and manganese phosphatings.
  • the phosphate layer produced in this way adheres very well to the substrate and, due to the microporous or microcapillary layer structure, allows good anchoring for subsequently applied coatings. In addition, the phosphate layer impedes the rusting at damaged points of the coating. Phosphate layers alone provide useful temporary corrosion protection that is often sufficient for storage prior to a subsequent processing step. Likewise, applications are known in which a phosphating is used for a permanent corrosion protection.
  • the phosphate coatings also have good sliding properties. This has an advantageous effect, for example, in the cold forming of steel.
  • zinc phosphate layers are preferably used because of the easy shearing off.
  • Manganese phosphate coatings are used to reduce the wear on heavily loaded sliding partners.
  • the high electrical resistance of phosphate layers is used for at least partial electrical insulation.
  • the phosphate layer can be used in order to isolate them from one another with a thin separating layer.
  • chromating complex chromic acid salts
  • chromate layers can also be used to create a primer for subsequent layers, as tarnish (for silver), to reduce the visibility of fingerprints or to change the appearance (gloss, color). Chromating processes can be applied to aluminum, magnesium, silver, cadmium and zinc.
  • definable surface areas of a workpiece can not be treated separately, but the entire workpiece must always be treated wet-chemically.
  • washing machine components washing machine components, dishwasher components, pipe connections and other components which come into contact with water during use can be mentioned here by way of example.
  • a wet-chemical treatment with an acid-containing passivation agent is complex, especially for smaller components, if it is to be used as primer for a paint or varnish coating.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the technical problem of simplifying and more effectively designing the method known from the prior art for passivating a metal surface of a wall part of a domestic appliance.
  • a household appliance comprising at least one wall part, which consists at least partially of largely corrosion-resistant metal, in particular largely stainless steel, to be specified.
  • the above-mentioned technical problem is solved according to the invention by a method in which an atmospheric plasma jet is generated by electrical discharge in a working gas, in which an acidic passivating agent is introduced into the plasma jet, in which the passivation agent-containing plasma jet to the metal surface of the wall part of the Household appliance is applied and in which by the reaction of the acidic passivation agent with the metal surface of the wall part of the household appliance, a passivating salt is deposited on the metal surface of the wall part of the household appliance.
  • the household appliance may in particular be a household dishwasher.
  • a plasma source is understood to mean a source for a plasma jet directed into a spatial area, it being possible for the shape of the plasma jet to be round or flat.
  • the plasma source may also generate a rotating plasma jet by a housing part, preferably the outlet opening is rotatably formed and rotates during the plasma generation about an axis. During the process of this plasma source along a surface, a wide strip of wider stripes is then treated.
  • the plasma source may have a plasma nozzle or a plurality of juxtaposed plasma nozzles in the form of a plasma shower.
  • the plasma source may include a mount for positioning on the mover and supplies of working gas and electrical power.
  • the electrical excitation of the working gas can be done with different frequencies, for example in the microwave range in the range of or above 1 MHz or in the frequency range from 1 to 100 kHz.
  • the voltage forms may vary between alternating voltages and pulsed DC voltages or be overlappings of the same.
  • the discharges are microwave discharges or high-frequency spark discharges, which may take the form of discharge arcs (arc discharges) or tuft discharges.
  • the voltage amplitudes, as well as the frequency are adapted to the respective geometry of the plasma nozzle and are for example in the range 100 V to 10 kV.
  • the working gas is preferably used air, besides nitrogen and noble gases such as argon, even with the addition of other gases such as hydrogen are possible.
  • Such plasma sources can produce relatively cold plasma jets of relatively high chemical excitation energy.
  • the jet temperature drops as a function of the distance to the outlet opening and is in the range below 300 ° C., preferably below 150 ° C. and preferably below 100 ° C.
  • the high excitation energy of the working gas results from the high-frequency excitation in the excitation zone within the plasma source, in which only a small thermal excitation occurs. Therefore, one speaks of a non-thermal plasma.
  • the temperature and activity of the plasma jet can be influenced.
  • the present method is not limited to the use of previously described plasma sources.
  • Other plasma sources for example with other excitation mechanisms, may be used, even if their plasma jets have different temperatures and lower plasma powers. Even with such known plasma sources, the inventive method can be carried out.
  • a method for producing an atmospheric plasma jet that is a plasma jet with an ambient pressure which is of the order of magnitude of the atmospheric pressure is, for example, from the document EP 1 335 641 A1 known.
  • a working gas especially air, nitrogen, forming gas (mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen) or a noble gas, in particular argon or helium, passed through a channel in which by a high-frequency high voltage, a plasma jet via an electrical discharge, that is, a corona discharge and / or an arc discharge is generated.
  • a method for plasma polymerization by means of an atmospheric plasma jet is described in the document EP 1 230 414 B1 disclosed.
  • a precursor material is introduced into the plasma jet, where it is excited chemically and / or electronically, so that polymerization of the precursor begins before, during or after the deposition of the excited precursor onto a surface.
  • the acidic passivating agent is then applied by means of an atmospheric plasma jet to the metal surface to be passivated a Wandungsteils a household appliance, wherein a passivating salt is deposited on the metal surface by the reaction of the acidic passivation agent with the metal surface of a wall part of a household appliance.
  • the excitation energy contained in the plasma jet is transferred to the passivating agent by the introduction of the passivating agent into the plasma jet, without causing a large increase in the temperature of the passivating agent.
  • the passivation agent is uniformly swirled by the often already rotating flow in the plasma jet and thus distributed evenly when hitting the metal surface of a wall part of a household appliance.
  • the resulting turbulence leads to an almost complete wetting of the surface even in depressions and undercuts, even if they have small dimensions.
  • the turbulence of the plasma jet and the passivating agent transported therein also leads to the fact that not remaining on the surface passivant is immediately removed and no rework or cleaning is necessary.
  • the application of the plasma jet on the surface causes a cleaning effect, so that in not too heavily soiled surfaces no pre-cleaning must be done before the passivation agent is applied. Only for heavily soiled surfaces that can not be sufficiently cleaned by the plasma jet, a separate pre-cleaning is required. The number of working steps is thus significantly reduced in comparison with the wet-chemical method, and in a large number of applications, one method step is sufficient for the passivation of the metal surface of a wall part of a domestic appliance.
  • Another advantage is that contamination of the metal surface of a wall part of a domestic appliance does not occur by the action of the metal surface of a wall part of a household appliance with the plasma jet, as for example in the wet-chemical processes known from the prior art by preceding immersion baths or the like.
  • an aqueous phosphoric acid can be used as the passivating agent and metal phosphate can be deposited on the metal surface of a wall part of a domestic appliance.
  • metal phosphate can be deposited on the metal surface of a wall part of a domestic appliance.
  • citric acid or nitric acid can also be used as a passivation agent.
  • the acid anion of phosphoric acid, chromic acid, citric acid or nitric acid is excited by the plasma jet itself and is put into a reactive state, without inducing too high an elevated temperature of the acid portion of the plasma jet.
  • the metal surface of a wall part of a household appliance itself is activated by the plasma jet, whereby the reactivity of the metal surface of a wall part of a household appliance is increased and the required metal cations are more easily generated during the chemical reaction with the acid anions.
  • the desired reaction and deposition of the metal salt occur in the impingement region of the plasma jet on the metal surface of a wall part of a domestic appliance.
  • the reactivity of the acid anions can be adjusted in particular by a corresponding change in the parameters of the plasma generation.
  • the treatment time can be reduced by the plasma jet. The treatment times thus achieved are well below the treatment times required in wet-chemical processes.
  • the acidic passivating agent supplied to the plasma jet may or may not contain metal ions.
  • a chromating can be carried out, for example, with sulfuric acid and sodium chromate.
  • the resulting chromic acid then reacts with the surface.
  • phosphoric acid as a passivating agent, however, this contains no metal ions.
  • the reaction of the acid with the surface then leads to, for example, a metal chromate a metal phosphate.
  • the acid is excited before being applied in the plasma and thereby reacts much faster with the surface.
  • the already described simultaneous cleaning and activation of the surface also has a positive effect on the reaction rate.
  • the classical wet-chemical chromating usually consists of two essential steps. First, the oxide layer (aluminum hydroxide) is completely removed with sodium hydroxide solution. After spooling with water, it is then immediately chromated. With the method according to the invention using the plasma, the removal of the oxide layer can be omitted. The further passivation of the material therefore takes place directly on the oxide layer.
  • oxide layer aluminum hydroxide
  • the phosphating can be carried out in particular on steel and stainless steel as well as on galvanized or cadmium steels and aluminum.
  • the chromating can be applied in particular to aluminum, magnesium, silver, cadmium and zinc.
  • Another advantage of the method described above is that the application of the passivation, for example by means of phosphating, can be selectively applied to certain surface areas.
  • One example is welding seams between joined stainless steel sheets, which are commonly used for drums and interior linings of washing machines or dishwashers. Since the stainless steel sheets are already sufficiently protected against corrosion, but the welds are no longer sufficiently resistant to corrosion due to the structural changes within the metal, there is only a need for subsequent passivation in the area of the welds.
  • the method described above is performed such that at least the weld between two metal surfaces of a wall part of a household appliance is subjected to the plasma jet.
  • the metal surface of a wall part of a household appliance during welding or immediately after welding with the plasma jet can be applied.
  • the thermal energy still stored in the weld and the adjacent metal can be exploited for increased reactivity of the metal surface of a wall part of a household appliance and thus for an increased effectiveness of the passivation.
  • an application of the method described in a weld in the cooled state is possible.
  • the method described can also be carried out so that the application of the metal surface of a wall part of a household appliance with the passivating agent for producing a primer for a subsequent paint application or painting is performed.
  • a surface, in particular full-surface treatment of the metal surface of a wall part of a household appliance is performed.
  • the subsequent coating with a paint or a paint then leads to a good adhesion and durable coating.
  • the rotating plasma nozzles described above are suitable.
  • the passivating agent can be supplied to the plasma jet in various ways. Since the generation of the plasma jet from a flow of working gas passes through different regions of space starting from the discharge region, through the nozzle region and the free jet outside the plasma source, the passivation agent in each of these spatial regions can be supplied to the plasma jet.
  • the passivation agent in the discharge region can be supplied to the resulting plasma jet.
  • the working gas is excited together with the passivating agent by means of the electric discharge.
  • the effect of the discharge on the passivation agent is thus very strong and it depends on the type of passivating agent, whether it is suitable for the direct action of the discharge.
  • the passivating agent comprises, for example, a nebulizer nozzle.
  • the passivating agent can also be added to the plasma jet in a different way.
  • aforementioned technical problem is inventively solved in a household appliance, in particular in a domestic dishwasher, in a household washing machine, a household dryer or the like, at least comprising a wall part, which consists at least partially of largely corrosion-resistant metal, in particular largely stainless steel, in that at least a metal surface of the at least one wall part is at least partially provided with a passivating salt, wherein the passivating salt is a product of a reaction of a plasma jet applied to the metal surface of the at least one wall part and acidic passivating agent with the metal surface of the at least one wall part.
  • At least two of the wall parts at least partially by means of a welded joint, in particular a weld, connected to each other and the weld, in particular the weld, the at least two of the wall parts at least partially interconnected is at least partially provided with a passivating salt.
  • the welded joint, in particular the weld which connects at least two of the wall parts at least in regions, at least in regions, preferably in a mutual area, with a respective area width of at least 3 mm, preferably of at least 5 mm, in particular of at least 10 mm, provided with a passivating salt.
  • at least one metal surface of the wall part of the domestic appliance to be predominantly, in particular completely, provided with a passivating salt.
  • the surface of the welded joint, in particular the weld, is thus simplified and effectively passivated.
  • the already described turbulence of the plasma jet leads to an almost complete wetting of the surface even in depressions and undercuts, even if they have small dimensions.
  • the turbulence of the plasma jet and the passivating agent transported therein also leads to the fact that not remaining on the surface of the welded joint, in particular the weld, remaining passivating agent is immediately removed and no reworking or cleaning of the welded joint, in particular the weld, is necessary.
  • the surface of the welded joint, in particular the weld, is thus simplified and effectively passivated.
  • the already described turbulence of the plasma jet leads to an almost complete wetting of the surface even in depressions and undercuts, even if they have small dimensions.
  • the turbulence of the plasma jet and the passivating agent transported therein also leads to the fact that not remaining on the surface of the welded joint, in particular the weld, remaining passivating agent is immediately removed and no reworking or cleaning of the welded joint, in particular the weld, is necessary.
  • the at least one wall part which consists at least partially of largely corrosion-resistant metal, in particular substantially stainless steel, preferably a part of a domestic dishwasher, comprising at least the following components and / or assemblies: a washing container for receiving items to be washed, means for acting on the items to be washed with rinsing liquid, an at least partially made of largely corrosion-resistant metal, in particular largely stainless steel, existing container hood as the upper part of the washing container with two side walls, a top wall and a rear wall, a rinse tub as the bottom wall of the rinse, a closable with a door filling opening for items to be washed on the Rinsing container, and a frame part with sealing function for rinsing liquid at the front end of the container hood.
  • a washing container for receiving items to be washed
  • an at least partially made of largely corrosion-resistant metal, in particular largely stainless steel existing container hood as the upper
  • the previous manufacturing process of a domestic dishwasher, in particular the at least one welding process on a domestic dishwasher can be significantly improved, both in technological and financial terms, for example due to a reduction in investment and / or operating costs and a reduction in production times.
  • the passivating agent may in turn contain an optionally diluted phosphoric acid, so that the salt deposited and passivating on a metal surface comprises metal phosphate.
  • the passivating agent may include an optionally diluted chromic acid, so that on a Side walls, a top wall and a rear wall, a rinse tub as the bottom wall of the washing container, a closable with a door filling opening for items to be washed on the washing, and a frame part with sealing function for rinsing liquid at the front end of the container hood.
  • the previous manufacturing process of a domestic dishwasher, in particular the at least one welding process on a domestic dishwasher can be significantly improved, both in technological and financial terms, for example due to a reduction in investment and / or operating costs and a reduction in production times.
  • the passivating agent may in turn contain an optionally diluted phosphoric acid, so that the salt deposited and passivating on a metal surface comprises metal phosphate.
  • the passivating agent may include an optionally diluted chromic acid such that the metal salt deposited and passivating salt comprises metal chromate.
  • the Fig. 1 shows a plasma source 2 and a supply device 3.
  • the plasma source 2 has a nozzle tube 4 made of metal, which tapers conically to a nozzle opening 6.
  • a swirl device 8 with an inlet 10 for a working gas, for example, for air or nitrogen gas.
  • An intermediate wall 12 of the twisting device 8 has a ring of inclined in the circumferential direction employed holes 14, through which the working gas is twisted.
  • the downstream, conically tapered part of the nozzle tube 4 is therefore traversed by the working gas in the form of a vortex 16, whose core extends on the longitudinal axis of the nozzle tube 4.
  • an electrode 18 is arranged centrally, which protrudes coaxially in the direction of the tapered portion in the nozzle tube 4.
  • the electrode 18 is electrically connected to the intermediate wall 12 and the remaining parts of the twisting device 8.
  • the swirl device 8 is electrically insulated by a ceramic tube 20.
  • To the electrode 18, a high-frequency high voltage is generated, which is generated by a transformer 22.
  • the inlet 10 is connected via a hose, not shown, with a variable flow rate pressurized working gas source.
  • the nozzle tube 4 is grounded.
  • the applied voltage generates a high frequency discharge in the form of an arc 24 between the electrode 18 and the nozzle tube 4.
  • the term "arc" is used here as a phenomenological description of the discharge, since the discharge in the form an arc occurs.
  • the term “arc” is also used as a discharge form for DC discharges with substantially constant voltage values.
  • the feeding device 3 has a mixing tube 28, the wall of which has an opening 30 at one point, into which an atomizer 32 is inserted with a precise fit.
  • a feed 34 for supplying the passivating agent 120, through which the passivating agent 120 passes into the atomizer 32 where it is atomized to a fine mist.
  • the passivating agent 120 emerging from the atomizer 32 passes directly into the plasma jet 26 and is with this in the direction of a metal surface A of a wall part of a household appliance 100 (see also 4 and FIG. 5 ) entrained. On the metal surface A, the passivation agent 120 then impinges in the manner described above, so that a passivation layer B is formed. If, for example, phosphoric acid is used as the passivation agent 120, then a metal phosphate layer is formed in the passivation layer B.
  • the thickness of the passivation layer B may vary and depends on the operating parameters. Among other things, the thickness of the passivation layer B depends on the amount of the passivation agent 120 introduced into the plasma jet 26. In the case of dilute phosphoric acid, a value of about 50 g / h as the application rate has been found to be favorable.
  • the Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of a device for passivation of a surface.
  • the device has a previously based on Fig. 1
  • the passivation agent 120 is introduced into the region of the plasma source 2, in which the arc discharge is ignited and operated.
  • the wall of the nozzle tube 4 at one point an opening 30.1, in the exact fit of the atomizer 32.1 is inserted.
  • a feed 34.1 for supplying the passivating agent 120, through which the passivating agent 120 passes into the atomizer 32.1 and is atomized there to form a fine mist.
  • the passivating agent 120 emerging from the atomizer 32 passes directly into the plasma jet 26 and is with this in the direction of a metal surface A of a wall part of a household appliance 100 (see also 4 and FIG. 5 ) entrained.
  • the Fig. 3 shows a third embodiment of an apparatus for plasma passivation of a metal surface A.
  • the device has a previously with reference to Fig. 1 and 2 described plasma source 2 for generating a plasma jet 26 and a downstream of the nozzle opening 6 arranged atomizer 32.2 to the atomizer 32.2 a supply 34.2 is connected, passes through the passivation agent 120 in the atomizer 32.2 and is atomized there.
  • the passivation agent 120 emerging from the atomizer 32.2 passes into the plasma jet 26 generated in the plasma source 2 and leaving the nozzle opening 6 and is sprayed with the plasma jet 26 in the direction of a metal surface A of a domestic appliance 100 (see also FIG 4 and FIG. 5 ) transported on.
  • the plasma source 2 is respectively moved from right to left over the metal surface A, so that a Passivi mecanicsspur on the metal surface A is formed in the width of the treatment width of the plasma jet 26.
  • the passivation track can be used to passivate a welded connection 122, in particular a welded seam (see Fig. 5 ).
  • the passivation track can also be used for a surface passivation of a metal surface A, if the plasma source 2 is optionally systematically moved over the entire metal surface A to be passivated.
  • the Fig. 4 1 shows a schematic perspective view of a washing container 102 of a domestic dishwasher 100 which can be equipped at the front and according to the invention.
  • the household appliance shown is merely one example of a domestic appliance 100, which could also be a domestic washing machine, a household dryer, a household washer dryer, a microwave oven, a sterilizer or the like.
  • the domestic dishwasher 100 shown comprises the washing compartment 102 for receiving items to be washed and a person skilled in the art, however, not shown for clarity means for acting on the items to be washed with rinsing liquid, such as spray arms and spray nozzles. Furthermore, it comprises an at least partially made of largely corrosion-resistant metal, in particular substantially stainless steel existing, container hood 104 as the upper part of the washing container 102 with two side walls 106.L, 106.R, a top wall 108 and a removed rear wall 110.
  • a Spülwanne 112 as a bottom wall 114 of the washing container 102, a well-known, but not shown for clarity with a door fill opening for items to be washed on the washing container 102 and a person skilled in the art, but not shown for clarity, frame part with sealing function for rinsing liquid on the front end of the container hood 104.
  • the two side walls 106.L, 106.R, the top wall 108 and the rear wall 110 form as respective wall portion 116, the upper part of the washing container 102 and consist, as already mentioned, at least partially made of largely corrosion-resistant metal, in particular largely stainless steel.
  • a metal surface 116.O of a wall portion 116 at least partially with a passivating salt 118 wherein the passivating salt 118 is a product of a reaction of a plasma jet 26 (see Fig. 1 to 3 ) applied to the metal surface 116.O and acidic Passivant 120 (see Fig. 1 to 3 ) with the metal surface is 116.O.
  • the passivating salt 118 then forms a passivation layer B (see Fig. 1 to 3 ) out.
  • the two side walls 106.L, 106.R of the upper part of the washing compartment 102 are each provided with a welded connection 122, in particular a welded seam.
  • the respective welded connection 122 runs horizontally along the corresponding side wall 106.L, 106.R, which it optionally can connect / connect to one another at least in regions, and which can be provided at least in regions with a passivating salt 118.
  • the indicated welds 122 are merely exemplary in nature; they can basically be provided at any point of the washing container 102, in particular the container hood 104.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of a passivated welded joint 122, in particular a passivated weld whose surface is 122.O by means of a in Fig. 1 was treated and device according to the invention for the passivation of a metal surface A was treated (see Fig. 1 to 3 ).
  • two of the wall parts 116.1, 116.2 are connected to one another at least in regions by means of a welded connection 122.
  • the welded connection 122 which connects the two wall parts 116.1, 116.2 at least in regions, is then provided, at least in regions, with a passivating salt 118.
  • the passivating salt 118 then forms a passivation layer B.
  • the welded connection 122 shown which connects the two wall parts 116.1, 116.2 at least in regions, is at least partially also in a mutual area 122.1, 122.2 with a respective area width 122.B1, 122.B2 of at least 3 mm, preferably of at least 5 mm, in particular of at least 10 mm, provided with a passivating salt 118.
  • the mutual area 122.1, 122.2 preferably extends in mirror image to the welded connection 122, in particular to its center line 122.M.
  • the plasma source 2 is moved in the depth direction T (arrow) over the metal surface A, so that a Passivi mecanicsspur on the metal surface A is formed in the depth of the plasma jet 26.
  • the passivation agent 120 used in the figures includes an optionally diluted phosphoric acid, and the metal-deposited and passivating salt includes metal phosphate.
  • the passivating agent 120 may include an optionally diluted chromic acid, citric acid or nitric acid, and the metal surface deposited and passivating salt may include metal chromate, metal citrate or metal salt of salt.
  • the household appliance may in particular be a household dishwasher.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Procédé de passivation d'une surface métallique (A) d'une partie de paroi d'un appareil électroménager, dans lequel un jet plasma atmosphérique (26) est produit par décharge électrique dans un gaz de travail, dans lequel un agent passivant (120) contenant un acide est introduit dans le jet plasma (26), dans lequel le jet plasma (26) contenant l'agent passivant (120) est appliqué sur la surface métallique (A) de la partie de cloison (116; 116.1, 116.2) de l'appareil électroménager (100) et dans lequel, par la réaction de l'agent passivant (120) contenant un acide avec la surface métallique (A) de la partie de cloison (116; 116.1, 116.2) de l'appareil électroménager (100), un sel passivant (118) est déposé sur la surface métallique (A) de la partie de cloison (116; 116.1, 116.2) de l'appareil électroménager (100).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel on utilise comme agent passivant (120) un acide phosphorique éventuellement dilué et on dépose un phosphate métallique à la surface métallique (A) de la partie de cloison (116; 116.1, 116.2) de l'appareil électroménager (100).
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel on utilise comme agent passivant (120) un acide chromique éventuellement dilué et on dépose un chromate métallique à la surface métallique (A) de la partie de cloison (116; 116.1, 116.2) de l'appareil électroménager (100).
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel la surface métallique (A) de la partie de cloison (116; 116.1, 116.2) de l'appareil électroménager (100) présente un raccord de soudage (122) et au moins le raccord de soudage (122) est effectué par jet plasma (26).
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 4, dans lequel la surface métallique (A) de la partie de cloison (116; 116.1, 116.2) de l'appareil électroménager (100) est exposée au jet plasma (26) pendant le soudage ou directement après le soudage.
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel l'exposition de la surface métallique (A) de la partie de cloison (116; 116.1, 116.2) de l'appareil électroménager (100) avec l'agent passivant (120) est effectuée pour produire une primaire pour l'application consécutive de couleur ou de peinture.
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, dans lequel l'agent passivant (120) dans la zone de décharge est amené au jet plasma (26) naissant.
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, dans lequel l'agent passivant (12) est amené à contre-courant de la zone de décharge au jet plasma (26) formé.
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 7 ou 8, dans lequel l'agent passivant (120) est introduit au moyen d'un atomiseur (32; 32.1; 32.2).
  10. Appareil électroménager (100), comprenant au moins une partie de cloison (116; 116.1, 116.2), laquelle est constituée au moins en partie de métal notablement anticorrosion, au moins une surface métallique (A) de la au moins une partie de cloison (116; 116.1, 116.2) étant munie au moins en partie d'un sel passivant (118) et le sel passivant (118) étant un produit réactionnel d'un agent passivant (120) contenant un acide et appliqué au moyen d'un jet plasma (26) à la surface métallique (A) de la au moins une partie de cloison (116; 116.1, 116.2), avec la surface métallique (A) de la au moins une partie de cloison (116; 116.1, 116.2),
    caractérisé en ce que
    au moins deux des parties de cloison (116.1, 116.2) sont raccordées l'une à l'autre au moins en partie au moyen d'un raccord de soudage (122), en ce que ce raccord de soudage (122), lequel relie au moins deux parties de cloison (116.1, 116.2) au moins en partie l'une à l'autre, est munie au moins en partie d'un sel passivant (118), et en ce que le raccord de soudage (122) qui relie au moins des deux parties de cloison (116.1, 116.2) au moins en partie l'une à l'autre, est munie au moins en partie également dans une zone comprenant les deux côtés (122.1, 122.2) dans une largeur respective (122.B1, 122.B2) d'au moins 3 mm avec un sel passivant (118).
  11. Appareil électroménager (100) selon la revendication 10,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la au moins une partie de cloison (116; 116.1, 116.2), laquelle est au moins en partie constituée de métal notablement anticorrosion, est la partie d'un lave-vaisselle électroménager (100), qui comprend au moins les éléments et/ou les ensembles de pièces suivant: un récipient de lavage (102) pour la réception du produit de lavage; un moyen d'admission du produit de lavage avec un liquide de lavage; un couvercle de récipient (104) constitué au moins en partie d'un métal notablement anticorrosion, comme partie supérieure du récipient de lavage (102) avec deux parois latérales (106.L, 106.R), une paroi de recouvrement (108) et une paroi arrière (110); une cuve de lavage (112) comme paroi de fond (114) du récipient de lavage (102); un orifice de remplissage pouvant être fermé par une porte pour le produit de lavage sur le récipient de lavage (102); et une partie-cadre avec fonction étanche pour le liquide de lavage sur l'extrémité côté avant du couvercle de récipient (104).
  12. Appareil électroménager (100) selon la revendication 10 ou 11,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'agent passivant (120) contient un acide phosphorique éventuellement dilué et en ce que le sel passivant et déposé sur une surface métallique (A) comprend un phosphate métallique.
  13. Appareil électroménager (100) selon la revendication 10 ou 11,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'agent passivant (120) contient un acide chromique éventuellement dilué et en ce que le sel passivant et déposé sur une surface métallique (A) comprend un chromate métallique.
EP13161241.8A 2012-03-29 2013-03-27 Procédé de passivation d'une surface métallique et appareil ménager, notamment lave-vaisselle ménager, doté d'une partie de paroi Active EP2644739B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012102721A DE102012102721B4 (de) 2012-03-29 2012-03-29 Verfahren zum Passivieren einer Metalloberfläche
ES201232053A ES2472420B1 (es) 2012-12-28 2012-12-28 Procedimiento para pasivar una superficie metálica, y aparato doméstico, en particular, máquina lavavajillas doméstica con una parte de pared

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EP2644739A1 EP2644739A1 (fr) 2013-10-02
EP2644739B1 true EP2644739B1 (fr) 2019-03-06

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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US5858465A (en) * 1993-03-24 1999-01-12 Georgia Tech Research Corporation Combustion chemical vapor deposition of phosphate films and coatings
EP0653502A3 (fr) * 1993-11-11 1995-08-09 Nihon Parkerizing Article composite d'acier plaqué d'un métal contenant du zinc et procédé de production.
DE29919142U1 (de) 1999-10-30 2001-03-08 Agrodyn Hochspannungstechnik G Plasmadüse
EP1335641B1 (fr) 2002-02-09 2004-08-25 Plasma Treat GmbH Buse à plasma
DE102005027567A1 (de) * 2005-06-14 2006-12-21 Basf Ag Verfahren zum Passivieren von metallischen Oberflächen mit Säuregruppen aufweisenden Polymeren
DE102005027568A1 (de) * 2005-06-14 2006-12-21 Basf Ag Verfahren zum Passivieren von metallischen Oberflächen mit Zubereitungen von säuregruppenhaltigen Polymeren und Wachsen
DE102005027633A1 (de) * 2005-06-14 2006-12-21 Basf Ag Verfahren zum Herstellen von lackierten, flächenförmigen, metallischen Formkörpern
US20090061184A1 (en) * 2007-08-31 2009-03-05 United Technologies Corporation Processes for Applying a Conversion Coating with Conductive Additive(S) and the Resultant Coated Articles
DE102008060923B4 (de) * 2008-12-06 2012-09-27 Innovent E.V. Verwendung einer Schicht
GB2469115B (en) * 2009-04-03 2013-08-21 Keronite Internat Ltd Process for the enhanced corrosion protection of valve metals
DE102010062357B4 (de) * 2010-12-02 2013-08-14 Innovent E.V. Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines mit zumindest einer Korrosionsschutzschicht beschichteten magnesiumhaltigen Substrats

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