EP2631152A1 - Method and device for managing resources in a railway network - Google Patents
Method and device for managing resources in a railway network Download PDFInfo
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- EP2631152A1 EP2631152A1 EP12156935.4A EP12156935A EP2631152A1 EP 2631152 A1 EP2631152 A1 EP 2631152A1 EP 12156935 A EP12156935 A EP 12156935A EP 2631152 A1 EP2631152 A1 EP 2631152A1
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- train
- resources
- operating point
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- network
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000003137 locomotive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 123
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L15/00—Indicators provided on the vehicle or train for signalling purposes
- B61L15/0018—Communication with or on the vehicle or train
- B61L15/0027—Radio-based, e.g. using GSM-R
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L25/00—Recording or indicating positions or identities of vehicles or trains or setting of track apparatus
- B61L25/02—Indicating or recording positions or identities of vehicles or trains
- B61L25/025—Absolute localisation, e.g. providing geodetic coordinates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L27/00—Central railway traffic control systems; Trackside control; Communication systems specially adapted therefor
- B61L27/40—Handling position reports or trackside vehicle data
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L2205/00—Communication or navigation systems for railway traffic
- B61L2205/02—Global system for mobile communication - railways [GSM-R]
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for the management of resources, in particular of locomotives, which operate in a rail network and communicate over a cellular network, in particular a working according to the GSM or UMTS specifications cellular mobile network.
- Extensive management systems are available for planning the use of resources in railway engineering. For the optimal operation of the resources it is important that the planning is kept as exact as possible or that any deviations are detected and taken into account at an early stage.
- a train control system based on ERTMS (European Rail Traffic Management System) and ETCS (European Train Control System) Level 2 with a RBC (Radio Block Center) is for example in [1], EP 1 897 781 A2 , described.
- the RBC which is connected to an interlocking, is used to guide vehicles on a certain stretch of section by means of wireless connections via the GSM-R (Global System for Mobile Communication Railways) mobile radio network.
- GSM-R Global System for Mobile Communication Railways
- the ETCS realizes the safe functions of train control.
- GSM-R enables data transmission between vehicles and the RBC. For example, position reports of the vehicle are sent to the RBC and ride permits to the vehicle.
- the mission data can therefore be updated whenever contacts are made to the selectively installed Eurobalises.
- Another disadvantage of the existing system is that several complex systems, such as GSM-R, ETCS and interlocking systems, are required for the determination of the information. It is not ensured that the coverage of the route network with Eurobalises is sufficient to locate all locomotives. The realization of the required coverage of the route network with Eurobalises, however, is associated with considerable effort.
- the ETCS is usually not nationwide in the railway network available and often combined with other, mostly older train control systems.
- the Swiss railway network also implements the AFI (Automatic Vehicle Identification) system, a proprietary RFID system with RFID readers, which are usually installed at junctions.
- AFI Automatic Vehicle Identification
- RFID readers which are usually installed at junctions.
- the distance between RFID readers is typically about 25 km. Due to the large distances of the RFID readers and often very short distances, many trains in freight traffic do not overrun these RFID readers and therefore will not be used by the AFI system recorded and not updated in the scheduling system used for locomotives.
- Satellite-based systems such as the GPS, provide accurate positioning information.
- the coupling of these systems with the systems of railway engineering allows to locate suitably equipped train units in areas that are not covered or subterranean. In countries with larger tunnel systems, the use of the GPS system would therefore be called into question.
- the transmission and assignment of the position data supplied by the GPS system, eg from the locomotives, to the data of a railway management system would also be a considerable expense.
- a method should be specified, which allows at least the positions of resources, in particular locomotives, and preferably also their assignment to a train or train run or sections thereof, to be reliably determined with reduced effort.
- the position data should be able to be detected reliably and with sufficient accuracy for all resources, even if the routes are only short and if necessary tunnels are traversed.
- a method should be specified, which allows to reliably determine the affiliation of resources to a train.
- rail vehicles of other railway companies should be included in the administration without additional effort.
- vehicles of the railway company are to be managed, which operate in rail networks of other operators.
- the method is used to manage each provided with a mobile terminal resources, in particular of locomotives that operate in a rail network and are each registered by a mobile terminal functional at a cellular mobile network, which provided for the operation of the rail network functions, such as the functional registration of participants , provides.
- the administrative unit can thus compare the current position data of the selected resources with the planning data and determine deviations.
- the functional registration takes place on the GSM-R mobile network of the rail network.
- the resources or functional units assigned to the train register with the mobile radio network GSM-R and are registered.
- the staff of the locomotives are assigned the function numbers "01" to "05".
- the train personnel are assigned the function numbers "10" to "19”.
- the train drivers use for registration the usually fixed in the locomotives installed mobile terminals, which are referred to as cab radios.
- the train driver or the locomotive is assigned the function number "01”.
- the train driver logs on with the function number "01” and the assigned train number.
- the number MSISDN of the cab radio is unique and the locomotive number permanently assigned.
- a tapered locomotive receives the function number "04” and a sliding locomotive the function numbers "05".
- the train boss receives the function number "10” and the passenger coaches 1, 2 and 3 the function numbers "11", "12", or "13".
- the functional assignments may differ nationally.
- the mobile terminals of the respective resources are contacted and the related data of the mobile radio network GSM-R updated.
- the network data are read out and the positions of the resources determined by assignment of the cell information to the operating points of the rail network.
- the selected resources by means of a short message SM of the Short Messaging Services SMS, such as a binary SMS or a silent SMS, which is part of the functions of the mobile network GSM-R.
- a short message SM of the Short Messaging Services SMS such as a binary SMS or a silent SMS, which is part of the functions of the mobile network GSM-R.
- the mobile network is updated as necessary, without burdening it heavily.
- the location of the mobile terminals is performed by the mobile network GSM-R itself.
- the short message SM is preferably selected such that it does not trigger any recognizable for the user, in particular the train driver action on the mobile devices and only leads to an update of the mobile network GSM-R. For example, a so-called silent SMS is sent to the mobile terminals.
- An update in the mobile network is also carried out when there is a radio connection that has been established, for example, for making a call.
- these mobile terminals can also be used to carry out the method. It is essential that there is a fixed allocation of the mobile terminals to the resources. If, for example, mobile terminals of the train protection system are installed in the locomotives, their cell affiliation can also be queried in order to determine the location of the locomotives. If there is a permanent connection between these mobile terminals and the train control systems, no separate site updates are required.
- a message preferably a message provided with a corresponding code
- a location update in idle mode can be carried out. Similar to a change of the location area (Location Area), the mobile terminal is caused to update the location data in the network (Location Update).
- the determination of the positions of the resources of the rail network by means of the mobile network GSM-R is thus without the use of additional means, such as the ETCS system or the GPS system, which provides data with higher precision, which is hardly of advantage for the present application , It should also be noted that, despite the high precision, when using the GPS system it is hardly possible to assign a vehicle to a track.
- the inventive method allows to determine the affiliation to a track.
- locomotives are possibly managed according to the first-in / first-out principle, in which no fixed assignment of a locomotive to a train takes place, but the train is assigned the next locomotive of the buffer.
- the changes made should be able to be recorded automatically within a very short time. That is, the actual state of the rail network and the resources should be able to be automatically updated even after errors and changes within a very short time, preferably. Especially in case of an incident, resource planning systems are not tracked manually due to their priorities. This automatic updating of the actual state of the rail network can be advantageously carried out by means of the method and the device according to the invention.
- the time of the reported event does not differ significantly from the time of the determination of the radio cells.
- the time of the reported event does not differ significantly from the time of the determination of the radio cells.
- during the passage of a high-speed train is to ensure that the train is not retracted within the time deviation in another cell range. Otherwise, it may be found that resources are not present at the operating point concerned and are not owned by the train and removed from the candidate list.
- Each operating point is therefore preferably assigned individually depending on the present cell sizes tolerance time.
- control computer a management unit, hereinafter referred to as control computer, in which all available and interesting resources of an operating point are recorded, which can be used for the train.
- the control computer can also monitor only a part of the resources, for example only the use of the locomotives.
- the list of candidates can therefore be adapted to the needs of railway undertakings.
- the user can pretend that certain information is already secured and therefore should not be included in the candidate list for examination. For example, it can be provided that the train locomotive with the function code "01" is not included in the candidate list, but belongs to the train.
- Resources that are functionally logged on to other moves can be included in the candidate list to verify the registered assignment.
- Resources that do not belong to any radio cell of the attained operating point are preferably then continued in the candidate list when they are functionally logged on to the train for which the candidate list is being tested. In this way, resources that may be coupled to the train at a later time, but are still at a different operating point, continue to be monitored.
- the compatibility of the resources at the operating point, in particular of the locomotives, with the resources already connected to the train, in particular of the locomotives, is preferably checked, according to which only compatible resources, in particular locomotives capable of multiple traction, are included in the candidate list. It is possible that a locomotive is included, which is not compatible with the train, but another locomotive of the train. Locomotives, however, which can not cooperate with the leading locomotive, are preferably not included in the candidate list, since a connection of the train is to be excluded with such a locomotive.
- resources for whose mobile terminals no connection to the mobile radio network GSM-R or another monitored mobile radio network has been established are preferably not included in the candidate list or, if already present, deleted therefrom. If there is no change in the network data registered for this mobile terminal when contacting such a mobile terminal, then it is to be assumed that this mobile terminal and, for example, the associated locomotive are switched off.
- the candidate list is preferably created at the operating points or meta-operating points at which the train starts or ends a journey or stops for a period of time during which a change in train composition or resources is possible or at which a change is made by the operations management the resources is arranged. For example, if the train stops for more than four minutes, it is possible that, for example, a locomotive will be docked or uncoupled or a duplicate train composition (passenger / freight) will be disconnected.
- the train running data are therefore constantly checked to determine whether instead of a passage at an operating point a longer stop planned resp. is done.
- the candidate's position data is preferably updated and queried. If it is found for a candidate or a resource that it is already at another operating point, it is removed from the candidate list and its renewed location preferably reported.
- the secured information, the determined position of resources and / or the determined affiliation of resources to a train, are subsequently reported to a management unit, by means of which the actual state of the resources is mapped in the rail network.
- This administrative unit is called the IST Calculator below.
- the message to the IST computer preferably takes place after the affiliation of the resources to a train for at least two operating points could be confirmed.
- the train run data of trains are preferably provided by a management unit which monitors train run data and from a planning computer plan data of the train run and from the signal boxes data of the actual train run, such as the data of the entrance and exit of trains in or out of a block of an operating point receives.
- a management unit which monitors train run data and from a planning computer plan data of the train run and from the signal boxes data of the actual train run, such as the data of the entrance and exit of trains in or out of a block of an operating point receives.
- This administrative unit will be referred to as a run-time computer.
- the train run data of further trains are taken into account in order to determine the travel of a short distance possibly parallel moving train. If only one train leaves an operating point, it may be assumed that the resources belong to the monitored train and are not routed on a parallel rail. Taking into account the train run data, further decision criteria for the inclusion or exclusion of resources in the candidate list can thus be obtained.
- the test is preferably continued over further operating points before a message is sent to the actual computer.
- FIG. 1 shows an operating point BP-1 of a known rail network with resources, namely locomotives L01, ..., L52. These resources L01,..., L52 can be functionally registered by means of associated mobile terminals MS01,..., MS52 in a cellular mobile radio network GSM-R which, for example, operates according to the specifications of the EIRENE (EUROPEAN INTEGRATED RAILWAY RADIO ENHANCED NETWORK) system.
- EIRENE EUROPEAN INTEGRATED RAILWAY RADIO ENHANCED NETWORK
- EIRENE system provides two essential communication systems, namely a first system for the control (Train Control) and a second system for the operation (Operational) of the entire railway system.
- the first system allows communication of the train-side and track-side system units of the European Train Control System (ETCS).
- the Train Control System includes all processes that affect a train without the driver intervening. This includes the automatic train protection, the automatic train operation and the so-called in-cab signaling, which provides the driver with up-to-date information.
- ETCS also the position data of vehicles are detected, which have an identification module whose data can be read from a rail side mounted Eurobalise.
- FIG. 1 2 illustrates that the locomotive L01 of the train T01 has an identification module TAG 01 whose data are read from the Eurobalise B55 and transmitted to an ETCS computer V4, which records the acquired data and the time of reading in a table T4.
- the second system allows communication with the function carriers of a train.
- the function of the function carrier is relevant and not the fact of which person performs this function.
- the EIRENE system therefore provides for the use of EIRENE numbers with the three different blocks CT (Call Type), UIN (User Identifier Number) and FC (Function Code), as described in [3], chapter 9, pages 87 ff. , is described.
- Block CT defines the type of allowed user number. For example, block UIN defines a train number for a particular train Travel, the number of the working locomotive, the number of a car, or the number of a particular team.
- the block FC defines the function of a person, a team or a device of a train.
- the EIRENE numbers which are normally temporary in nature, thus allow a particular functional unit of a train to call without knowing the MSISDN number assigned within the EIRENE system to the temporarily created EIRENE telephone number and stored in a routing database is.
- EIRENE Mobile Stations mobile terminals
- cab radios installed in the cab of the locomotive and in [ 3], Chapter 5, pages 55 et seq.
- Figures 5-1 and 5-3 are described.
- FIG. 1 mobile terminals MS01, MS21, MS22, MS03, MS04, MS51, MS52 are shown which correspond to locomotives L01 (connected to train T01); L21, L22 (connected to train T02); L03; L04; L51, L52 (connected to train T03) are assigned.
- the locomotives L01; L21, L22 and L51, L52 are functionally logged on in this example.
- On locomotive L03 the cab radio MS03 is switched on and on locomotive L04 the cab radio MS04 is switched off.
- the assignment of the MSISDN numbers to the resources or locomotives L01,..., L52 is registered in a table T3A.
- Table T3B registers the assignment of the data of the functional registration to the resources or locomotives L01,..., L52.
- Locomotive L01 is registered with function code FC 01 for train T01; the locomotives L21 and L22 are registered with function code FC 01 or FC 02 for the train T02 and the locomotive L51 and the locomotive L52 are with function code FC 01 or FC 05 for the train T03 Registered.
- the EIRENE data are stored, which include at least the country, the train number and the function code.
- a mobile terminal MS eg the cab radio of a locomotive, comprises a mobile equipment ME and a subscriber identification module SIM.
- the mobile terminals MS can record connections to base stations BTS (Base Transceiver Station), to which a control unit BSC (Base Station Controller) is associated, which is connected to a Mobile Services Switching Center MSC, which is primarily responsible for connection control.
- BTS Base Transceiver Station
- BSC Base Station Controller
- MSC Mobile Services Switching Center
- the base stations BTS cover geographical areas or radio cells within which the call setup and the connection always take place via the same base station.
- the switched-on mobile terminal can be in idle mode, in which it listens to the broadcast channels (control channels) transmitted by the mobile radio network, and even has no voice channel.
- the mobile terminal can be in the active state (Dedicated Mode) in which it is connected via a duplex channel to another subscriber (see, for example, [1], page 317, chapter 6.1.2).
- the procedures of the mobility management differ in the occurrence of changes in location of the subscriber.
- a location area comprises a group of cells, so that two different situations can occur when changing cells. On the one hand, a cell change can occur within the same residence area. On the other hand, a change of the residence area can take place simultaneously with the cell change.
- the mobile terminal in the first case (cell change within the location area) sends no information to the network.
- the second case (cell change with simultaneous change of the residence area) the network is informed accordingly.
- an existing connection is tracked automatically during a radio zone change. This automatic tracking during an existing connection is called a handover.
- a location area LA1 which comprises a plurality of cells LA1-Z1,..., LA1-Zx. If the mobile terminals MS01, ..., MS52 were moved within the location area LA1 and were in idle mode, the Mobile Services Switching Center MSC does not know in which cells the mobile terminals MS01, ..., MS52 and thus the mobile terminals MS01, Resources L01, ..., L52 are located. The position of the locomotives L01, ..., L52 is taken from the table T4 of the ETCS computer V4 in this known system.
- FIG. 1 also shows a train running computer V2, on the one hand the planned train running data of the train traffic and of the signal boxes or the train protection STW supplied the runway data realized and stored in a table T2.
- FIG. 2 shows the train running computer V2, the GSM-R computer V3 and the ETCS computer V4 of FIG. 1 in an example illustrated process state at a time 11:40.
- the functional registrations of the resources or locomotives L01,..., L52 are entered in the table T3B.
- the current train run data of the train T01 are given, which at 11:07 the operating point BP1, for example, leave the station in Olten, and at 11:38 the operating point BP3 has reached.
- These underlined data were reported to the runway computer V2 from the STW interlockings.
- the planning data for the onward journey of the train T01 are entered in the table T2, which were transmitted to the train running computer V2 by the planning computer T0.
- the time deviations are also entered in the table T2. For example, it can be seen that at the operating point BP3 a stay of nine minutes to 11:47 takes place.
- the ETCS calculator reported that at 11:32 the locomotive L01 and the vehicles PX1, ..., PX3 had passed the Eurobalise B55, which is located immediately before the operating point BP3.
- FIG. 3 shows a system according to the invention for the management of resources L01, ..., L52 of FIG. 1 in which position data are not determined by means of the train protection system but by means of accesses of a control computer V5 to the mobile radio network GSM-R, which take place via the mobile radio computer V3.
- FIG. 3 It is shown that the trains T01, T02 and T03 and the locomotives L01, ..., L52 are at a first time at the operating point BP-1. Subsequently, the train T01, which has now been additionally coupled with the L03 locomotive, in motion, and reaches at a second time the other operating point BP-5. As a result, the control computer V5 receives a corresponding message from the train running computer V2.
- the control computer V5 which includes a localization program LP, subsequently selects the resources L01, L03, which are carried along, for example, according to schedule data with the train T01.
- the data of the mobile terminals MS01, MS03 of these resources L01, L03 are updated in the mobile radio network GSM-R.
- the "AGE" parameter registered in the mobile network which indicates the time of the last update, can also be used to check whether an update is required. Furthermore, it can be checked whether the mobile terminal MS is in "Dedicated Mode” and whose residence is thus continuously updated. If the parameter "AGE” has a value 0 or 1, which indicates that the update was made a minute or less ago, the position data or the cell information can be determined without an update being carried out beforehand. In contrast, if the value of the parameter "AGE" has not changed after the update, then the relevant mobile terminal MS and the relevant resource are switched off and not taken into account.
- the control computer V5 preferably requests the computer V3 of the mobile radio network to send a short message SM (Short Messages) to the mobile terminals MS01, MS03.
- SM Short Messages
- the short message service of the GSM system is preferably used.
- the triggering of the short message SM by the computer V3 of the mobile network ensures that it reaches the mobile terminals MS01, MS03. Since the short messages SM serve exclusively to update the registered data and should not disturb the train staff, preferably short messages SM, such as Silent SMS or Flash SMS possibly without text, sent, which does not lead to activities that are perceptible to the user.
- the short messages SM are therefore not displayed and preferably deleted automatically.
- the computer V3 of the mobile network can also send commands, such as the command ⁇ MOB_PAG_ADV>, to the mobile terminals MS01, MS03, by means of which they automatically carry out an update of the registered location or a location update.
- commands such as the command ⁇ MOB_PAG_ADV>
- control computer V5 contacts the computer V3 of the mobile radio network in order to determine the radio cells LAx-Zx in the mobile radio network GSM-R or in the mobile terminals MS01, MS03, to which the selected resources L01, L03 are assigned.
- the information concerning the cells in which the mobile terminals MS01, MS03 are active can thus be determined from the associated national or international mobile radio network or directly from the mobile terminals.
- the mobile terminals MS include an application or an applet, which determines the desired position data from the mobile network after receiving a short message SM and the train number, function code and MSISDN a text message SM with the information obtained to the sender of the first text message SM or another returned destination number.
- the position of the selected resources L01, L03 is determined by assigning the determined radio cell LA5-Z1 of the mobile radio network to the operating point BP-5.
- a table is provided, on which the radio cells LAx-Zx of the mobile radio network GSM-R are assigned to the operating points BP of the rail network, which are defined by the operator of the rail network as required.
- this table can be extended as desired and include any mobile networks and rail networks. It is also possible that the cells of individual mobile radio networks overlap, so that an operating point BP can be assigned a plurality of radio cells.
- the method according to the invention thus allows the operator of the rail network to localize all resources of interest at any desired time and to always keep the actual image of all resources up to date.
- the method of the invention is performed as follows.
- FIG. 4 An exemplary sequence of the method is in FIG. 4 illustrated. At operating point BP-1 are again in FIG. 1 shown resources in the same state.
- the train running computer V2 By means of the train running computer V2, the current train run data of the trains T01, ..., T03 are monitored. For status changes of the trains T01, ..., T03, such as the arrival or departure at an operating point, change messages are generated and transmitted to the control computer V5.
- a candidate list K with managed resources L01, ..., L99 is created for this train T01 which may be carried along with this train T01 ,
- the position data of the candidates are updated after the candidate list has been created. Candidates who are no longer at the operating point BP or who are inactive can thus be removed from the candidate list.
- the network data of the resources L01, ..., L99 registered in the candidate list K is first updated.
- the radio cells LAx-Zx from the mobile network e.g. GSM-R, determined at which the registered in the candidate list K resources L01, ..., L99.
- This measure is preferably also in a transit without stopping at the relevant operating point BP. Especially in this case, however, care must be taken that there is no major difference between the time of transit and the query of the position data.
- FIG. 4 It is shown that the locomotives L01, L21, L22, L03, L04, L51 and L52 have been included in a first candidate list K1 for the train T01.
- the locomotive L04 would appear at another operating point BP, it will also be removed from the candidate list K1. Furthermore, the newly determined position could be reported to the actual computer V1. With the checking and localization of the resources, the position data registered at the actual computer V1 can thus be updated in each case.
- the run-run computer computer V2 is reported in the sequence that the two trains T01 and T02 leave the operating point BP-1 at the same time and reach the next operating point BP-5 at the same time. It is shown that the train T01 carries the locomotives L01 and L03 and the train T02 the locomotives L21 and L22.
- the trains T01, T02 can pass through, which is why their composition can not change. In this case, no additional resources should be included in the candidate list K. On the other hand, candidates are deleted from the candidate list K, which did not appear at operating point BP-5. In the table of the actual computer V1, the determined position data can be entered.
- the train T01 can stop normally and the test according to the invention can be carried out to determine whether entries in the candidate list K can be deleted, such as the locomotive L51.
- the train T01 lasts longer than a period of time within which the train T01 can be coupled with other resources, for example the locomotive L77 stationed at the operating point BP-5, then this locomotive L77 is to be included in the candidate list K.
- the candidate list K is preferably supplemented at the time when it is reported that the train T01 has left the operating point BP-5.
- FIG. 4 It can be seen that the trains T01 and T02 have stopped longer at the operating point BP-5, which is why the locomotives L77 also added to the revised candidate list K3, the locomotive L52 was deleted.
- the IST computer V1 which shows the actual image of the rail network, can therefore be informed that the train T01 was actually transferred with the locomotives L01 and L03 from the operating point BP-1 to the operating point BP-9 and that the resources or locomotives L01 and L03 there for the further use are available.
- the operating point BP-9 therefore, not only the position of the locomotives L01 and L03, but also their affiliation to the train T01 can be reported.
- FIG. 4 is further shown that the L03 locomotive deceleration was disconnected from the train T01 at the operating point BP-9, transferred to a Maugeleise and was disconnected from the mains. As the train T01 continues to travel, the inactive sliding locomotive L03 is thus automatically removed from the soon to be revised candidate list K.
- FIG. 4 also shows an example of a candidate list K11 prepared for the train T02. From the table TB3 the functionally registered locomotives L21, L22 and L99 were added to the candidate list K11. The locomotive L99 was taken, although it is still stationed at a remote operating point BP -22 and will hit the train T02 only at operating point BP-17. Furthermore, the other locomotives L01 (although functionally registered at the train T01) and L03 were added to the candidate list K11. After updating the network data of the mobile terminal MS04 of locomotive L04, it was determined that it is inactive. For Locomotives L51 and L52 have been found to be incompatible with locomotives L21 and L22.
- FIG. 4 also shows the candidate list K12 prepared at the operating point BP-17 for the train T02, which now shows the current state of the train T02 after the locomotive L99 has been coupled.
- the IST computer V1 which shows the actual image of the rail network, can therefore be informed that the train T02 was actually transferred from the operating point BP-1 to the operating point BP-17 with the locomotives L21 and L23 and coupled there with the sliding locomotive L99.
- operating point is to be interpreted broadly.
- An operating point is basically present where a radio cell or a group of radio cells can be assigned to a part of the rail network. That is, by the query of the cell information, the location of the relevant resources to a part of the rail network can be assigned.
- Operating points can thus be larger and smaller stations, but also rail sections that correspond to a radio cell of a mobile network from which cell information can be queried.
- an operating point BP-S is drawn for the route section between the operating points BP-17 and BP-22, at which the position of the locomotive L99, for example, can be queried.
- learning trips can be performed to determine the assignment of the radio cells to the operating points.
- the data of the radio cells can be detected by the leading locomotive at the running operating points and registered centrally.
- a complete or partial initialization of the system can be performed by querying the data of all relevant resources.
- the inventive method thus allowed to create the actual image of the resources in the rail network with little effort.
- a check preferably takes place over two or more operating points before the data is reported to the actual computer V1.
- the test is preferably carried out via further operating points. Due to the density of the rail network, the secure determination of the position and the affiliation of the resources to a train takes place within a short time, on average within about 5-15 minutes, which is more than sufficient in terms of the long-term disposition of the resources.
- the inventive method can also be extended as desired. For example, maneuvering of locomotives and trains can also be monitored.
- FIG. 5 shows a device according to the invention in a preferred configuration, by means of which the in FIG. 4 illustrated procedures are feasible.
- the planning computer V0 the IST computer V1
- the train running computer V2 the mobile computer V3 and the control computer V5 are shown, which provide the functions described above. These functions can also be integrated as modules in another computer configuration. It is shown that the ETCS calculator V4 of FIG. 2 is not required for the inventive method. Overall, this results in a simplified design of the management system of the rail network.
- the mobile radio computer V3 can query cell identification data from the GSM-R mobile radio network or also from other mobile radio networks of any domestic or foreign network operators.
- control computer V5 can use train run data from partner companies abroad, so that resources of the company can also be monitored on foreign rail networks.
- FIG. 5 it is shown that the control computer V5 can query train run data from a computer V2-INT, which is operated by a company abroad.
- the inventive method can thus also be carried out across borders with the use of all available national and international information sources.
- FIG. 5 it is shown that the control computer V5 linked by the mobile computer V3 and the data supplied by the train running computer V2 with each other.
- partial linking of this data can already be performed by the run-time computer V2.
- the control computer V5 linked by the mobile computer V3 and the data supplied by the train running computer V2 with each other.
- partial linking of this data can already be performed by the run-time computer V2.
- the functional registrations in particular of the locomotives are included.
- An example of such a train history table T2A will be described below.
- new entries in this table T2A are each reported to the control computer V5, which checks the change messages and if necessary revised the candidate list K of the train concerned.
- the messages issued by the train run computer V2 are composed, for example, in accordance with the guidelines of the European Association for Railway Interoperability, which are described in document [5], The Trans-European Conventional Rail System, "TELEMATIC APPLICATIONS ", subsystem for Freight Services, DATA DEFINITIONS AND MESSAGES, AEIF_TAF_MesData_V11_041021-EN.doc.
- the train history table T2A comprises ten lines. Lines 1 and 2 as well as lines 9 and 10 show that the locomotives L51 (locomotive with code FC01) and L52 (locomotive with code FC05) at 09:10 and 09:12, respectively, functionally registered for the freight train T03 and at 10:35 and 10:36 have functionally logged off again.
- the corresponding data in the table T2A originate from the source V3 or from the mobile computer V3.
- Lines 3 to 8 show the trajectory from the operating point BP-A (start operating point) to the operating point BP-F (target operating point).
- the messages entered in the table are generated, which contain the planned and actually occurring times for departure and arrival, the corresponding deviations and a source.
- the stay at operating point BP-B was thus 7 minutes instead of the planned 2 minutes.
- the actual and not only the planned run is preferably taken into account. After the planned train run would be on Operating point BP-B only a stay of 2 minutes, which is why the candidate list K would not have been updated. However, after it was determined that the freight train T03 had stopped for 7 minutes, the candidate list K is checked. This takes into account the fact that within these 7 minutes, for example, a locomotive could have been docked or decoupled. Without a message being issued by the personnel of the operating point BP-B, a check of the actual state of the train T03 is automatically carried out with the method according to the invention.
- the inventive method can thus be implemented in variously configured systems. Furthermore, information from other sources can be taken into account. Unless for a particular If a change in the train composition is reported at the operating point, this can be taken into account accordingly in the next revision of the candidate list.
- all described system modules V1,..., V5 can be integrated in a single computer.
- the control computer V5 itself carries out the updating and retrieval of the position data of the mobile terminals MS.
- the update and the query can be performed on the one hand by short messages SM and on the other hand by the communication with the relevant mobile network.
- FIG. 5 also shows two scheduling computers V100, V101 of two railway undertakings, the first of which serves passenger transport and the second freight transport, whereby a mixed operation of the resources of these railway companies is possible.
- the method according to the invention now makes it possible to determine information for the resources of these companies and to make these companies available selectively.
- Of prime interest is the management of locomotives.
- information on further resources for which a mobile terminal MS is provided can be determined and selectively forwarded to the scheduling computers V100, V101.
- the disposition computers V100, V101 thus have current and reliable data and can optimally plan the further use of resources.
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Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung für die Verwaltung von Ressourcen, insbesondere von Lokomotiven, die in einem Schienennetz verkehren und über ein Mobilfunknetz, insbesondere ein nach den GSM- oder UMTS-Spezifikationen arbeitendes zellulares Mobilfunknetz, kommunizieren.The invention relates to a method and a device for the management of resources, in particular of locomotives, which operate in a rail network and communicate over a cellular network, in particular a working according to the GSM or UMTS specifications cellular mobile network.
Für die Planung des Einsatzes von Ressourcen in der Eisenbahntechnik stehen umfangreiche Verwaltungssysteme zur Verfügung. Für den optimalen Betrieb der Ressourcen ist wichtig, dass die Planung möglichst exakt eingehalten wird oder dass allfällige Abweichungen frühzeitig erkannt und berücksichtigt werden.Extensive management systems are available for planning the use of resources in railway engineering. For the optimal operation of the resources it is important that the planning is kept as exact as possible or that any deviations are detected and taken into account at an early stage.
Von zentraler Bedeutung ist die Überwachung der tatsächlichen Position der zur Verfügung stehenden Ressourcen. Insbesondere werden heute die jeweiligen Positionen der zugführenden Lokomotiven und deren Zuordnung zu einem Zug stets auf dem aktuellen Stand gehalten werden. Zur Ermittlung dieser Positionsdaten werden heute die Dienste des Zugbeeinflussungssystems genutzt, welches so genannte Eurobalisen umfasst, die stationär entlang den Schienen angeordnet sind. Bei der Überfahrt über Eurobalisen können Identifikationsdaten der führenden Lokomotiven drahtlos abgefragt und dadurch die Positionen der Lokomotiven festgestellt werden.Of central importance is the monitoring of the actual position of the available resources. In particular, today the respective positions of the train locomotives and their assignment to a train will always be kept up to date. To determine this position data, the services of the train control system are now used, which includes so-called Eurobalises, which are arranged stationary along the rails. When traveling over Eurobalises, identification data of the leading locomotives can be requested wirelessly, thereby determining the positions of the locomotives.
Ein Zugbeeinflussungssystem auf der Basis von ERTMS (European Rail Traffic Management System) und ETCS (European Train Control System) Level2 mit einem RBC (Radio Block Center) ist beispielsweise in [1],
Das RBC, das mit einem Stellwerk verbunden ist, dient der Führung von Fahrzeugen auf einem bestimmten Streckenabschnitt mittels Funkverbindungen über das Mobilfunknetz GSM-R (Global System for Mobile Communication-Railways). Das ETCS realisiert die sicheren Funktionen der Zugbeeinflussung. GSM-R ermöglicht unter anderem die Datenübertragung zwischen Fahrzeugen und dem RBC. Beispielsweise werden Positionsmeldungen des Fahrzeugs an das RBC und Fahrtberechtigungen an das Fahrzeug gesendet.The RBC, which is connected to an interlocking, is used to guide vehicles on a certain stretch of section by means of wireless connections via the GSM-R (Global System for Mobile Communication Railways) mobile radio network. The ETCS realizes the safe functions of train control. Among other things, GSM-R enables data transmission between vehicles and the RBC. For example, position reports of the vehicle are sent to the RBC and ride permits to the vehicle.
Anhand der Systeme GSM-R und ETCS kann daher der Einsatz der entsprechend ausgerüsteten Lokomotiven ermittelt werden, um zu prüfen, ob die Einsatzdaten mit den Planungsdaten übereinstimmen. Anhand der ETCS-Daten können die Einsatzdaten daher jeweils dann aktualisiert werden, wenn Kontakte zu den punktuell installierten Eurobalisen erstellt werden.Based on the GSM-R and ETCS systems, it is therefore possible to determine the use of suitably equipped locomotives to check whether the deployment data matches the planning data. Based on the ETCS data, the mission data can therefore be updated whenever contacts are made to the selectively installed Eurobalises.
Nachteilig beim bestehenden System ist ferner, dass für die Ermittlung der Informationen mehrere komplexe Systeme, wie GSM-R, ETCS und Stellwerksysteme, benötigt werden. Dabei ist nicht sichergestellt, dass die Abdeckung des Streckennetzes mit Eurobalisen genügt, um alle Lokomotiven zu lokalisieren zu können. Die Realisierung der erforderlichen Abdeckung des Streckennetzes mit Eurobalisen ist hingegen mit erheblichem Aufwand verbunden. Das ETCS ist meist nicht flächendeckend im Eisenbahnnetz vorhanden und oft mit andern, meist älteren Zugsicherungssystemen kombiniert.Another disadvantage of the existing system is that several complex systems, such as GSM-R, ETCS and interlocking systems, are required for the determination of the information. It is not ensured that the coverage of the route network with Eurobalises is sufficient to locate all locomotives. The realization of the required coverage of the route network with Eurobalises, however, is associated with considerable effort. The ETCS is usually not nationwide in the railway network available and often combined with other, mostly older train control systems.
Im Schweizer Eisenbahnnetz ist ferner das System AFI (Automatische Fahrzeug Identifikation) implementiert, ein proprietäres RFID-System mit RFID-Lesegeräten, welche meist an Knotenpunkten installiert sind. Der Abstand zwischen RFID-Lesegeräten liegt typischerweise bei etwa 25 km. Aufgrund der grossen Distanzen der RFID-Lesegeräte und oft sehr kurzen Fahrstrecken überfahren viele Züge im Güterverkehr diese RFID-Lesegeräte nicht und werden daher vom System AFI daher nicht erfasst und in dem für Lokomotiven verwendeten Dispositionssystem nicht aktualisiert.The Swiss railway network also implements the AFI (Automatic Vehicle Identification) system, a proprietary RFID system with RFID readers, which are usually installed at junctions. The distance between RFID readers is typically about 25 km. Due to the large distances of the RFID readers and often very short distances, many trains in freight traffic do not overrun these RFID readers and therefore will not be used by the AFI system recorded and not updated in the scheduling system used for locomotives.
Zu beachten ist ferner, dass mittels bekannter Zugsicherungssysteme, wie sie zum Beispiel in [2],
Satellitengestützte Systeme, wie das GPS, liefern präzise Positionierungsinformationen. Die Kopplung dieser Systeme mit den Systemen der Eisenbahntechnik erlaubt es, entsprechend ausgerüstete Zugeinheiten in Bereichen zu lokalisieren, die nicht überdacht sind oder unterirdisch liegen. In Ländern mit grösseren Tunnelsystemen wäre der Einsatz des GPS-Systems daher infrage gestellt. Nebst der Ausrüstung der Züge mit GPS-Technologie würde zudem die Übertragung und Zuordnung der vom GPS-System z.B. von den Lokomotiven gelieferten Positionsdaten zu den Daten eines Verwaltungssystems der Eisenbahntechnik einen erheblichen Aufwand verursachen.Satellite-based systems, such as the GPS, provide accurate positioning information. The coupling of these systems with the systems of railway engineering allows to locate suitably equipped train units in areas that are not covered or subterranean. In countries with larger tunnel systems, the use of the GPS system would therefore be called into question. In addition to equipping the trains with GPS technology, the transmission and assignment of the position data supplied by the GPS system, eg from the locomotives, to the data of a railway management system would also be a considerable expense.
Zu beachten ist ferner, dass beim internationalen Transitverkehr Schienenfahrzeuge anderer Eisenbahngesellschaften, zum Beispiel angemietete Fahrzeuge, oft in die Verwaltung mit aufgenommen werden müssen. Umgekehrt verkehren Fahrzeuge einer Eisenbahngesellschaft oft auch in fremden Schienennetzen.It should also be noted that in international transit traffic rolling stock of other railway companies, such as rented vehicles, often have to be included in the administration. Conversely, vehicles of a railway company often operate in foreign rail networks.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein verbessertes Verfahren und eine verbesserte Vorrichtung für die Verwaltung von Ressourcen anzugeben, die in einem Schienennetz verkehren und über ein dafür vorgesehenes Mobilfunknetz kommunizieren.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an improved method and apparatus for managing resources that operate on a rail network and communicate over a dedicated cellular network.
Insbesondere soll ein Verfahren angegeben werden, welches erlaubt, zumindest die Positionen von Ressourcen, insbesondere Lokomotiven, und vorzugsweise auch deren Zuordnung zu einem Zug oder Zuglauf oder Abschnitten davon, mit reduziertem Aufwand zuverlässig zu ermitteln.In particular, a method should be specified, which allows at least the positions of resources, in particular locomotives, and preferably also their assignment to a train or train run or sections thereof, to be reliably determined with reduced effort.
Die Positionsdaten sollen für alle Ressourcen zuverlässig und mit genügender Genauigkeit erfasst werden können, auch wenn die Fahrtstrecken nur kurz sind und gegebenenfalls Tunnelstrecken durchlaufen werden.The position data should be able to be detected reliably and with sufficient accuracy for all resources, even if the routes are only short and if necessary tunnels are traversed.
Weiter soll ein Verfahren angegeben werden, welches erlaubt, die Zugehörigkeit von Ressourcen zu einem Zug zuverlässig zu bestimmen.Furthermore, a method should be specified, which allows to reliably determine the affiliation of resources to a train.
Weiterhin sollen Schienenfahrzeuge anderer Eisenbahngesellschaften ohne Mehraufwand in die Verwaltung aufgenommen werden können. Zudem sollen auch Fahrzeuge der Eisenbahngesellschaft verwaltet werden können, welche in Schienennetzen anderer Betreiber verkehren.Furthermore, rail vehicles of other railway companies should be included in the administration without additional effort. In addition, vehicles of the railway company are to be managed, which operate in rail networks of other operators.
Diese Aufgabe wird mit einem Verfahren gelöst, welches die in Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmale aufweist. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in weiteren Ansprüchen angegeben.This object is achieved by a method having the features specified in
Das Verfahren dient der Verwaltung von mit je einem Mobilendgerät versehenen Ressourcen, insbesondere von Lokomotiven, die in einem Schienennetz verkehren und mittels je eines Mobilendgeräts funktional bei einem zellularen Mobilfunknetz registrierbar sind, welches für den Betrieb des Schienennetzes vorgesehene Funktionen, wie die funktionale Anmeldung der Teilnehmer, zur Verfügung stellt.The method is used to manage each provided with a mobile terminal resources, in particular of locomotives that operate in a rail network and are each registered by a mobile terminal functional at a cellular mobile network, which provided for the operation of the rail network functions, such as the functional registration of participants , provides.
Nach dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren
- a) werden zu verwaltende Ressourcen selektiert;
- b) erfolgt, vorzugsweise bei einer Änderung der zugehörigen Zuglaufdaten, eine Kontaktaufnahme über das zellulare Mobilfunknetz mit den gegebenenfalls funktional angemeldeten Mobilendgeräten der selektierten Ressourcen;
- c) anschliessend werden im Mobilfunknetz die Funkzellen oder Gruppen von Funkzellen ermittelt, denen die selektierten Ressourcen zugeordnet sind,
- d) abschliessend wird die Position der selektierten Ressourcen durch Zuordnung der ermittelten Funkzellen zu einem Betriebspunkt des Schienennetzes ermittelt und einer Verwaltungseinheit gemeldet.
- a) resources to be managed are selected;
- b) takes place, preferably in the event of a change in the associated train run data, contact via the cellular mobile radio network with the optionally functionally registered mobile terminals of the selected resources;
- c) subsequently the radio cells or groups of radio cells, to which the selected resources are assigned, are determined in the mobile radio network,
- d) finally, the position of the selected resources is determined by assigning the determined radio cells to an operating point of the rail network and reported to a management unit.
Auf diese Weise gelingt es, die Position der Ressourcen des Schienennetzes zu lokalisieren, ohne dass die Mittel des Zugsicherungssystems eingesetzt werden müssen.In this way, it is possible to locate the position of the resources of the rail network without having to use the resources of the train control system.
Die Verwaltungseinheit kann somit die aktuellen Positionsdaten der selektierten Ressourcen mit den Plandaten vergleichen und Abweichungen feststellen.The administrative unit can thus compare the current position data of the selected resources with the planning data and determine deviations.
Vor der Durchführung einer Zugfahrt erfolgt die funktionale Anmeldung beim Mobilfunknetz GSM-R des Schienennetzes. Dazu melden sich die dem Zug zugeordneten Ressourcen oder Funktionseinheiten beim Mobilfunknetz GSM-R an und werden registriert. Dem Personal der Lokomotiven sind die Funktionsnummern "01" bis "05" zugeteilt. Dem Zugpersonal sind die Funktionsnummern "10" bis "19" zugeteilt. Die Lokführer benutzen zur Anmeldung die üblicherweise fest in den Lokomotiven installierten Mobilendgeräte, die als Cab-Radios bezeichnet werden. Dem zugführenden Lokführer bzw. der Lokomotive ist die Funktionsnummer "01" zugewiesen. Der Lokführer meldet sich mit der Funktionsnummer "01" und der zugeteilten Zugnummer an. Die Rufnummer MSISDN des Cab-Radios ist eindeutig und der Lokomotivennummer fest zugeordnet. Eine zulaufende Lokomotive erhält die Funktionsnummer "04" und eine Schiebelokomotive die Funktionsnummern "05". Der Zugchef erhält die Funktionsnummer "10" und die Reisezugbegleiter 1, 2 und 3 die Funktionsnummern "11", "12", bzw. "13". Die funktionalen Zuordnungen können national abweichen.Before carrying out a train journey, the functional registration takes place on the GSM-R mobile network of the rail network. To do so, the resources or functional units assigned to the train register with the mobile radio network GSM-R and are registered. The staff of the locomotives are assigned the function numbers "01" to "05". The train personnel are assigned the function numbers "10" to "19". The train drivers use for registration the usually fixed in the locomotives installed mobile terminals, which are referred to as cab radios. The train driver or the locomotive is assigned the function number "01". The train driver logs on with the function number "01" and the assigned train number. The number MSISDN of the cab radio is unique and the locomotive number permanently assigned. A tapered locomotive receives the function number "04" and a sliding locomotive the function numbers "05". The train boss receives the function number "10" and the
Erfindungsgemäss ist es somit möglich, nicht nur den Zug, sondern alle einem Zug zugeordneten Funktionseinheiten bzw. Ressourcen, insbesondere die Lokomotiven, zu lokalisieren und die korrekte Umsetzung der Plandaten zu verifizieren.According to the invention, it is thus possible to locate not only the train but all functional units or resources assigned to a train, in particular the locomotives, and to verify the correct implementation of the planning data.
Beispielsweise anhand der Plandaten und/oder der funktionalen Anmeldungen werden die Mobilendgeräte der betreffenden Ressourcen kontaktiert und die diesbezüglichen Daten des Mobilfunknetzes GSM-R aktualisiert. In der Folge werden die Netzwerkdaten ausgelesen und die Positionen der Ressourcen durch Zuordnung der Zellinformationen zu den Betriebspunkten des Schienennetzes ermittelt.For example, on the basis of the planning data and / or the functional applications, the mobile terminals of the respective resources are contacted and the related data of the mobile radio network GSM-R updated. As a result, the network data are read out and the positions of the resources determined by assignment of the cell information to the operating points of the rail network.
Beispielsweise werden die selektierten Ressourcen mittels einer Kurzmeldung SM des Short Messaging Services SMS, wie einem binären SMS oder einem Silent SMS, kontaktiert, welcher Bestandteil der Funktionen des Mobilfunknetzes GSM-R ist. Auf diese Weise wird das Mobilfunknetz soweit erforderlich aktualisiert, ohne dieses stark zu belasten. Traditionell wird die Lokalisierung der Mobilendgeräte durch das Mobilfunknetz GSM-R selbst durchgeführt.For example, the selected resources by means of a short message SM of the Short Messaging Services SMS, such as a binary SMS or a silent SMS, which is part of the functions of the mobile network GSM-R. In this way, the mobile network is updated as necessary, without burdening it heavily. Traditionally, the location of the mobile terminals is performed by the mobile network GSM-R itself.
Die Kurzmeldung SM wird vorzugsweise derart gewählt, dass sie keine für den Anwender, insbesondere den Lokführer erkennbare Aktion bei den Mobilendgeräten auslöst und lediglich zu einer Aktualisierung des Mobilfunknetzes GSM-R führt. Beispielsweise wird ein sogenanntes Silent SMS an die Mobilendgeräte gesandt. Eine Aktualisierung im Mobilfunknetz erfolgt ebenfalls, wenn eine Funkverbindung besteht, welche zum Beispiel für die Durchführung eines Anrufs aufgebaut wurde.The short message SM is preferably selected such that it does not trigger any recognizable for the user, in particular the train driver action on the mobile devices and only leads to an update of the mobile network GSM-R. For example, a so-called silent SMS is sent to the mobile terminals. An update in the mobile network is also carried out when there is a radio connection that has been established, for example, for making a call.
Sofern den Ressourcen andere oder weitere Mobilendgeräte zugeteilt sind, so können auch diese Mobilendgeräte zur Durchführung des Verfahrens benutzt werden. Wesentlich ist, dass eine feste Zuordnung der Mobilendgeräte zu den Ressourcen vorliegt. Sofern beispielsweise Mobilendgeräte des Zugsicherungssystems in den Lokomotiven installiert sind, so kann auch deren Zellzugehörigkeit abgefragt werden, um den Standort der Lokomotiven zu ermitteln. Sofern eine permanente Verbindung zwischen diesen Mobilendgeräten und dem Zugsicherungssysteme besteht, sind keine gesonderten Aktualisierungen des Standorts erforderlich.If the resources are assigned to other or further mobile terminals, these mobile terminals can also be used to carry out the method. It is essential that there is a fixed allocation of the mobile terminals to the resources. If, for example, mobile terminals of the train protection system are installed in the locomotives, their cell affiliation can also be queried in order to determine the location of the locomotives. If there is a permanent connection between these mobile terminals and the train control systems, no separate site updates are required.
Alternativ kann an die Mobilendgeräte der selektierten Ressourcen eine Meldung, vorzugsweise eine mit einem entsprechend Code versehene Meldung gesandt werden, mittels der eine Location Update im Idle-Mode durchführbar ist. Ähnlich wie bei einem Wechsel des Aufenthaltsbereichs (Location Area), wird das Mobilendgerät veranlasst, die Ortsdaten im Netz zu aktualisieren (Location Update).Alternatively, a message, preferably a message provided with a corresponding code, can be sent to the mobile terminals of the selected resources, by means of which a location update in idle mode can be carried out. Similar to a change of the location area (Location Area), the mobile terminal is caused to update the location data in the network (Location Update).
Die Ermittlung der Positionen der Ressourcen des Schienennetzes mittels des Mobilfunknetzes GSM-R erfolgt somit ohne den Einsatz zusätzlicher Mittel, wie des ETCS-Systems oder des GPS-Systems, welches Daten mit höherer Präzision liefert, welche für die vorliegende Anwendung jedoch kaum von Vorteil ist. Zu beachten ist ferner, dass bei der Verwendung des GPS-Systems trotz der hohen Präzision eine Zuordnung eines Fahrzeugs zu einem Geleise kaum möglich ist. Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren erlaubt hingegen, die Zugehörigkeit zu einem Gleis zu ermitteln.The determination of the positions of the resources of the rail network by means of the mobile network GSM-R is thus without the use of additional means, such as the ETCS system or the GPS system, which provides data with higher precision, which is hardly of advantage for the present application , It should also be noted that, despite the high precision, when using the GPS system it is hardly possible to assign a vehicle to a track. The inventive method, however, allows to determine the affiliation to a track.
Hinsichtlich der Planung des Einsatzes der Ressourcen ist jedoch nicht nur deren Position, sondern auch deren Zusammenwirken mit anderen Ressourcen von zentraler Bedeutung. Insbesondere ist die planmässige Zuordnung der Ressourcen zu einem Zug von zentraler Bedeutung. Für die zukünftige Planung des Einsatzes der Ressourcen ist die Kenntnis der Positionen der Ressourcen zumeist hinreichend. Hinsichtlich der Zuordnung einer Ressource oder Funktionseinheit zu einem Zug ist die Kenntnis der Position der Ressource zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt an einem Betriebspunkt hingegen ungenügend, da sich die Funktionseinheit an demselben Betriebspunkt wie der Zug, jedoch auf einem anderen Geleise befinden kann.However, in terms of planning the use of resources, not only their position but also their interaction with other resources is of central importance. In particular, the scheduled assignment of resources to a train is of central importance. For the future planning of the use of resources, the knowledge of the positions of the resources is usually sufficient. With regard to the assignment of a resource or functional unit to a train, however, the knowledge of the position of the resource at a certain point in time at an operating point is insufficient, since the functional unit can be at the same operating point as the train, but on a different track.
Mehrfachtraktionen, bei denen der Lokführer in der führenden Lokomotive die weiteren Lokomotiven ferngesteuert, welche beim Mobilfunksystem GSM-R funktional nicht angemeldet sind, können ebenfalls erfasst werden. Dasselbe gilt für mehrere gekoppelte Zug-Kompositionen im Personenverkehr. Ausgeschaltete, funktechnisch inaktive Lokomotiven oder auch mitgeschleppte inaktive Lokomotiven werden hingegen wieder erfasst, wenn das Cab-Radio der Lokomotive wieder mit dem Mobilfunknetz GSM-R in Kontakt tritt. Hingegen wäre es möglich, das Cab-Radio bei ausgeschalteter Lokomotive mittels einer Schaltuhr in regelmässigen Intervallen einzuschalten, um die Position zu aktualisieren.Multiple tractions, in which the driver in the leading locomotive remotely controlled the other locomotives, which are functionally not registered with the mobile radio system GSM-R, can also be detected. The same applies to several coupled train compositions in passenger transport. Switched off, radioactive inactive locomotives or also dragged inactive locomotives, however, are detected again when the cab radio of the locomotive again comes into contact with the mobile network GSM-R. On the other hand, it would be possible, the cab radio with switched off locomotive by means of a timer in to turn on at regular intervals to update the position.
Da Fehler selbst in hoch gesicherten Bereichen nicht nur bei der Planung, sondern auch bei der Umsetzung auftreten, sind Kontrollen notwendig. Oft verhindern auch technische Defekte, Streckenänderungen aufgrund von Unwettern und weitere Verkehrsbehinderungen, dass der Fahrtbetrieb nach Plan erfolgt. Tritt bei einer Lokomotive beispielsweise ein Schaden auf, so muss diese unter Umständen kurzfristig ausgetauscht werden. Weiterhin werden Lokomotiven gegebenenfalls nach dem First-in / First out - Prinzip verwaltet, bei dem keine feste Zuordnung einer Lokomotive zu einem Zug erfolgt, sondern dem Zug die nächste Lokomotive des Puffers zugeteilt wird.Since errors occur even in highly secure areas not only in the planning, but also in the implementation, controls are necessary. Often also prevent technical defects, route changes due to storms and other traffic obstructions that the operation is on schedule. For example, if damage occurs to a locomotive, it may need to be replaced at short notice. Furthermore, locomotives are possibly managed according to the first-in / first-out principle, in which no fixed assignment of a locomotive to a train takes place, but the train is assigned the next locomotive of the buffer.
Damit die erforderlichen Planungsänderungen gestützt auf gesicherte Ist-Meldungen in die Wege geleitet werden können, sollten die erfolgten Änderungen innerhalb kürzester Zeit automatisch erfasst werden können. D.h., der Ist-Zustand des Schienennetzes und der Ressourcen soll auch nach Fehlern und Änderungen innerhalb kürzester Zeit vorzugsweise automatisch aktualisiert werden können. Insbesondere im Ereignisfall werden Ressourcenplanungssysteme aufgrund der Prioritäten nicht manuell nachgeführt. Diese automatische Aktualisierung des Ist-Zustandes des Schienennetzes ist anhand des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens und der Vorrichtung vorteilhaft durchführbar.In order to be able to initiate the necessary planning changes on the basis of secured actual reports, the changes made should be able to be recorded automatically within a very short time. That is, the actual state of the rail network and the resources should be able to be automatically updated even after errors and changes within a very short time, preferably. Especially in case of an incident, resource planning systems are not tracked manually due to their priorities. This automatic updating of the actual state of the rail network can be advantageously carried out by means of the method and the device according to the invention.
Nach dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren ist vorgesehen,
- a) dass die Zuglaufdaten von Zügen überwacht und für Statusänderungen von Zügen Änderungsmeldungen erzeugt werden,
- b) dass für Änderungsmeldungen, welche die Abfahrt eines Zuges von einem Betriebspunkt signalisieren, für diesen Zug eine Kandidatenliste mit verwalteten Ressourcen erstellt wird, die möglicherweise mit diesem Zug mitgeführt werden;
- c) dass für Änderungsmeldungen, welche die Ankunft und/oder die Durchfahrt des Zuges an einem der Betriebspunkte der Reiseroute betreffen, mittels Anfragen an das Mobilfunknetz oder Anfragen an die entsprechenden Mobilendgeräte die Funkzellen ermittelt werden, an denen sich die Ressourcen der Kandidatenliste befinden; und
- d) dass anhand der ermittelten Funkzellen festgestellt wird, ob sich die Ressourcen am Betriebspunkt der Ankunft befinden und Ressourcen, die keiner Funkzelle dieses Betriebspunkts zugehören, aus der Kandidatenliste entfernt werden.
- a) that the train run data of trains is monitored and change messages are generated for status changes of trains,
- b) that for change messages signaling the departure of a train from an operating point for this Create a candidate list of managed resources that may be carried along with this move;
- c) that for change messages concerning the arrival and / or transit of the train at one of the operating points of the itinerary, by means of requests to the mobile network or inquiries to the corresponding mobile terminals, the radio cells in which the resources of the candidate list are located; and
- d) that it is determined from the determined radio cells, whether the resources are at the operating point of arrival and resources that do not belong to any radio cell operating point, are removed from the candidate list.
Durch diese Massnahme gelingt es, alle mit dem Zug mit mitführbaren und möglicherweise mitgeführten Ressourcen, wie Lokomotiven, Zugpersonal, sowie mit einem Mobilendgerät ausgerüstete Waren und Güter, zu erfassen und zu verifizieren.Through this measure, it is possible to capture and verify all by train with mitführbaren and possibly entrained resources, such as locomotives, train personnel, and equipped with a mobile terminal goods and goods.
Zu beachten ist, dass der Zeitpunkt des gemeldeten Ereignisses nicht wesentlich vom Zeitpunkt der Ermittlung der Funkzellen abweicht. Insbesondere bei der Durchfahrt eines Hochgeschwindigkeitszuges ist sicherzustellen, dass der Zug innerhalb der Zeitabweichung nicht in einen anderen Zellbereich eingefahren ist. Andernfalls würde unter Umständen festgestellt, dass Ressourcen am betreffenden Betriebspunkt nicht vorhanden sind und dem Zug nicht zugehören und von der Kandidatenliste entfernt werden.It should be noted that the time of the reported event does not differ significantly from the time of the determination of the radio cells. In particular, during the passage of a high-speed train is to ensure that the train is not retracted within the time deviation in another cell range. Otherwise, it may be found that resources are not present at the operating point concerned and are not owned by the train and removed from the candidate list.
Jedem Betriebspunkt wird daher vorzugsweise individuell eine von den vorliegenden Zellgrössen abhängige Toleranzzeit zugeordnet werden.Each operating point is therefore preferably assigned individually depending on the present cell sizes tolerance time.
Dazu wird von einer Verwaltungseinheit, nachstehend Kontroll-Rechner genannt, eine Kandidatenliste erstellt, in der alle zur Verfügung stehenden und interessierenden Ressourcen eines Betriebspunkts erfasst werden, die für den Zug in Anspruch genommen werden können. Der Kontroll-Rechner kann auch nur einen Teil der Ressourcen, beispielsweise nur die Verwendung der Lokomotiven überwachen.For this purpose, a list of candidates is created by a management unit, hereinafter referred to as control computer, in which all available and interesting resources of an operating point are recorded, which can be used for the train. The control computer can also monitor only a part of the resources, for example only the use of the locomotives.
In die Kandidatenliste werden vorzugsweise die Ressourcen aufgenommen,
- a) die für diesen Zug geplant sind; und/oder
- b) die funktional für diesen Zug angemeldet sind oder vor einer bestimmten Zeitdauer noch angemeldet waren; und/oder
- c) die sich gemäss der vorliegenden Historie, insbesondere gemäss den zuvor erfolgten Meldungen am Betriebspunkt dieses Zuges befinden; und/oder
- d) die das Verwaltungspersonal vorgesehen hatte oder die angemeldet wurden.
- a) which are planned for this train; and or
- b) which are functionally registered for this train or have been registered for a certain period of time; and or
- c) which are in accordance with the present history, in particular according to the previously made messages at the operating point of this train; and or
- (d) which the administrative staff provided or which was notified.
Die Kandidatenliste kann daher an die Bedürfnisse der Eisenbahnverkehrsunternehmen angepasst werden. Mittels des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens können auch Dienste für mehrere Eisenbahnverkehrsunternehmen erbracht werden, für die die Kandidatenlisten bedarfsweise erstellt werden. Ferner kann der Anwender vorgeben, dass bestimmte Informationen bereits gesichert sind und daher nicht zur Prüfung in die Kandidatenliste aufgenommen werden sollen. Beispielsweise kann vorgesehen werden, dass die zugführende Lokomotive mit dem Funktionscode "01" nicht in die Kandidatenliste aufgenommen wird, sondern fix zum Zug gehört.The list of candidates can therefore be adapted to the needs of railway undertakings. By means of the method according to the invention, it is also possible to provide services for a number of railway undertakings for which the lists of candidates are produced as needed. Furthermore, the user can pretend that certain information is already secured and therefore should not be included in the candidate list for examination. For example, it can be provided that the train locomotive with the function code "01" is not included in the candidate list, but belongs to the train.
Ressourcen, welche für andere Züge funktional angemeldet sind, können in die Kandidatenliste aufgenommen werden, um die registrierte Zuordnung zu überprüfen.Resources that are functionally logged on to other moves can be included in the candidate list to verify the registered assignment.
Ressourcen, die keiner Funkzelle des erreichten Betriebspunkts zugehören, werden vorzugsweise dann in der Kandidatenliste weitergeführt, wenn sie funktional bei dem Zug angemeldet sind, für den die Kandidatenliste geprüft wird. Auf diese Weise werden Ressourcen, die unter Umständen erst zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt mit dem Zug gekoppelt werden, sich aber noch an einem anderen Betriebspunkt befinden, weiter überwacht.Resources that do not belong to any radio cell of the attained operating point are preferably then continued in the candidate list when they are functionally logged on to the train for which the candidate list is being tested. In this way, resources that may be coupled to the train at a later time, but are still at a different operating point, continue to be monitored.
Vorzugsweise wird die Kompatibilität der am Betriebspunkt stehenden Ressourcen, insbesondere der Lokomotiven mit den bereits mit dem Zug verbundenen Ressourcen, insbesondere der Lokomotiven, geprüft wird, wonach nur kompatible Ressourcen, insbesondere mehrfachtraktionsfähige, Lokomotiven in die Kandidatenliste aufgenommen werden. Dabei ist es möglich, dass eine Lokomotive aufgenommen wird, die nicht mit der zugführenden, aber einer weiteren Lokomotive des Zuges kompatibel ist. Lokomotiven hingegen, welche nicht mit der führenden Lokomotive kooperieren können, werden vorzugsweise nicht in die Kandidatenliste aufgenommen, da eine Verbindung des Zuges mit einer solchen Lokomotive auszuschliessen ist.The compatibility of the resources at the operating point, in particular of the locomotives, with the resources already connected to the train, in particular of the locomotives, is preferably checked, according to which only compatible resources, in particular locomotives capable of multiple traction, are included in the candidate list. It is possible that a locomotive is included, which is not compatible with the train, but another locomotive of the train. Locomotives, however, which can not cooperate with the leading locomotive, are preferably not included in the candidate list, since a connection of the train is to be excluded with such a locomotive.
Ressourcen hingegen, für deren Mobilendgeräte keine Verbindung zum Mobilfunknetz GSM-R oder einem anderen überwachten Mobilfunknetz festgestellt wurde, werden vorzugsweise nicht in die Kandidatenliste aufgenommen oder, sofern bereits vorhanden, daraus gelöscht. Sofern bei einer Kontaktierung eines solchen Mobilendgeräts keine Veränderung der für dieses Mobilendgerät registrierten Netzwerkdaten erfolgt, so ist davon auszugehen, dass dieses Mobilendgerät und beispielsweise auch die zugehörige Lokomotive ausgeschaltet sind.On the other hand, resources for whose mobile terminals no connection to the mobile radio network GSM-R or another monitored mobile radio network has been established are preferably not included in the candidate list or, if already present, deleted therefrom. If there is no change in the network data registered for this mobile terminal when contacting such a mobile terminal, then it is to be assumed that this mobile terminal and, for example, the associated locomotive are switched off.
Die Kandidatenliste wird vorzugsweise an den Betriebspunkten oder Meta-Betriebspunkten erstellt, an denen der Zug eine Fahrt beginnt oder beendet oder an denen er während einer Zeitdauer anhält, innerhalb der eine Änderung der Zugskomposition oder der Ressourcen möglich ist oder an denen von der Betriebsführung eine Änderung der Ressourcen angeordnet ist. Falls der Zug beispielsweise länger als vier Minuten hält, ist es möglich, dass beispielsweise eine Lokomotive angekoppelt oder abgekoppelt wird oder eine doppelte Zugkomposition (Personenverkehr / Güterverkehr) getrennt wird. Vorzugsweise werden die Zuglaufdaten daher stetig überprüft, um festzustellen, ob anstelle einer Durchfahrt bei einem Betriebspunkt ein längerer Halt geplant resp. erfolgt ist.The candidate list is preferably created at the operating points or meta-operating points at which the train starts or ends a journey or stops for a period of time during which a change in train composition or resources is possible or at which a change is made by the operations management the resources is arranged. For example, if the train stops for more than four minutes, it is possible that, for example, a locomotive will be docked or uncoupled or a duplicate train composition (passenger / freight) will be disconnected. Preferably, the train running data are therefore constantly checked to determine whether instead of a passage at an operating point a longer stop planned resp. is done.
Nach Erstellen der Kandidatenliste werden die Positionsdaten der Kandidaten vorzugsweise aktualisiert und abgefragt. Sofern für einen Kandidaten bzw. eine Ressource festgestellt wird, dass sie sich bereits an einem anderen Betriebspunkt befindet, so wird diese aus der Kandidatenliste entfernt und deren erneuert Standort vorzugsweise gemeldet.After creating the candidate list, the candidate's position data is preferably updated and queried. If it is found for a candidate or a resource that it is already at another operating point, it is removed from the candidate list and its renewed location preferably reported.
Die gesicherten Informationen, die ermittelte Position von Ressourcen und/oder die ermittelte Zugehörigkeit von Ressourcen zu einem Zug, werden in der Folge einer Verwaltungseinheit gemeldet, mittels der der Ist-Zustand der Ressourcen im Schienennetz abgebildet wird. Diese Verwaltungseinheit wird nachstehend IST-Rechner genannt.The secured information, the determined position of resources and / or the determined affiliation of resources to a train, are subsequently reported to a management unit, by means of which the actual state of the resources is mapped in the rail network. This administrative unit is called the IST Calculator below.
Die Meldung an den IST-Rechner erfolgt vorzugsweise, nachdem die Zugehörigkeit der Ressourcen zu einem Zug für wenigstens zwei Betriebspunkte bestätigt werden konnte.The message to the IST computer preferably takes place after the affiliation of the resources to a train for at least two operating points could be confirmed.
Die Zuglaufdaten von Zügen werden vorzugsweise von einer Verwaltungseinheit geliefert, die Zuglauf-Daten überwacht und dazu von einem Planungs-Rechner Plandaten des Zuglaufs und von den Stellwerken Daten des tatsächlichen Zuglaufs, wie die Daten der Einfahrt und Ausfahrt von Zügen in einen bzw. aus einem Streckenblock eines Betriebspunkts, erhält. National unterschiedlich werden neben den Plan-Verkehrszeiten der Züge auch Prognosezeiten berechnet, welche bei der Durchführung des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens ebenfalls berücksichtigt werden können. Diese Verwaltungseinheit wird nachstehend als Zuglauf-Rechner bezeichnet.The train run data of trains are preferably provided by a management unit which monitors train run data and from a planning computer plan data of the train run and from the signal boxes data of the actual train run, such as the data of the entrance and exit of trains in or out of a block of an operating point receives. Nationally different in addition to the scheduled traffic times of the trains and forecasting times are calculated, which can also be considered in the implementation of the inventive method. This administrative unit will be referred to as a run-time computer.
In vorzugsweisen Ausgestaltungen werden auch die Zuglaufdaten von weiteren Zügen berücksichtigt, um die Fahrt eines in kurzem Abstand gegebenenfalls parallel fahrenden Zuges zu ermitteln. Sofern nur ein Zug einen Betriebspunkt verlässt, so darf angenommen werden, dass die Ressourcen dem überwachten Zug zugehören und nicht auf einer parallel verlaufenden Schiene geführt werden. Unter Berücksichtigung der Zuglaufdaten können somit weitere Entscheidungskriterien für die Aufnahme oder den Ausschluss von Ressourcen in die Kandidatenliste gewonnen werden. Beim Auftreten einer Parallelfahrt wird die Prüfung vorzugsweise über weitere Betriebspunkte fortgesetzt, bevor eine Meldung an den IST-Rechner erfolgt.In preferred embodiments, the train run data of further trains are taken into account in order to determine the travel of a short distance possibly parallel moving train. If only one train leaves an operating point, it may be assumed that the resources belong to the monitored train and are not routed on a parallel rail. Taking into account the train run data, further decision criteria for the inclusion or exclusion of resources in the candidate list can thus be obtained. When a parallel run occurs, the test is preferably continued over further operating points before a message is sent to the actual computer.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand von Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Dabei zeigt:
- Fig. 1
- einen Betriebspunkt BP-1 eines bekannten Schienennetzes mit dort auf Schienen stehenden Ressourcen, nämlich Zügen T01, T02 und T03 mit Lokomotiven L01, ..., L52, die mittels zugehörigen Mobilendgeräten MS01, ..., MS52 bei einem für den Schienenverkehr vorgesehenen zellularen Mobilfunknetz GSM-R funktional registriert werden können und deren Positionen mittels des Zugsicherungssystems ermittelt werden können sowie einem bekannten System zur Verwaltung der Ressourcen L01, ..., L52;
- Fig. 2
- das System zur Verwaltung der Ressourcen L01, ...,
L52 von Figur 1 mit weiteren Verwaltungseinheiten, nämlich einem Planungs-Rechner V0, in dem die Planungsdaten eingetragen sind, und einem IST-Rechner V1, in dem der Ist-Zustand und gegebenenfalls Prognosedaten des Schienennetzes und der Ressourcen L01, ..., L52 abgebildet ist; - Fig. 3
- ein erfindungsgemässes System zur Verwaltung der Ressourcen L01, ...,
L52 von Figur 1 , bei dem Positionsdaten nicht mittels des Zugsicherungssystems (ETCS) ermittelt werden; - Fig. 4
- ein Diagramm, welches den Ablauf des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens in verschiedenen Varianten illustriert; und
- Fig. 5
- ein erfindungsgemässes System in einer vorzugsweisen Ausgestaltung, mittels dem die in
Figur 4 illustrierten Verfahrensabläufe durchführbar sind, um Zustandsdaten des Schienennetzes zu ermitteln, die selektiv an Dispositions-Rechner V100, V101 von Eisenbahnunternehmen übertragen werden können.
- Fig. 1
- an operating point BP-1 of a known rail network with resources there on rails, namely trains T01, T02 and T03 with locomotives L01, ..., L52, which are provided by associated mobile terminals MS01, ..., MS52 at a provided for rail cellular Mobile network GSM-R can be functionally registered and their positions can be determined by the train control system and a known resource management system L01, ..., L52;
- Fig. 2
- the resource management system L01, ..., L52 of
FIG. 1 with further administrative units, namely a planning computer V0, in which the planning data are entered, and an actual computer V1, in which the current status and possibly forecast data of the rail network and the resources L01, ..., L52 is displayed; - Fig. 3
- a system according to the invention for managing the resources L01,..., L52 of
FIG. 1 in which position data are not determined by means of the train control system (ETCS); - Fig. 4
- a diagram illustrating the sequence of the inventive method in different variants; and
- Fig. 5
- a system according to the invention in a preferred embodiment, by means of which the in
FIG. 4 illustrated procedures are feasible to determine status data of the rail network, which can be selectively transmitted to disposition computer V100, V101 of railway companies.
Die Struktur und die Funktionen des EIRENE-Systems sind in [3], UIC Project EIRENE System Requirements Specification, Version 15 vom 17. Mai 2006, beschrieben. Das Layout der EIRENE-Spezifikationen und Details zu Schnittstellen sind in [3], Seite 26,
Das erste System (Train Control) erlaubt die Kommunikation der zugseitigen und schienenseitigen Systemeinheiten des Zugsicherungssystems ETCS (European Train Control System). Das Train Control System umfasst alle Prozesse, mittels denen ein Zug beeinflusst wird, ohne dass der Zugführer eingreift. Dies umfasst die automatische Zugsicherung, den automatischen Zugbetrieb und die so genannte In-Cab Signalisierung, welche dem Zugführer aktuelle Informationen liefert. Mittels des Zugsicherungssystems ETCS werden auch die Positionsdaten von Fahrzeugen erfasst, welche ein Identifikationsmodul aufweisen, dessen Daten von einer schienenseitig montierten Eurobalise ausgelesen werden können. In
Das zweite System (Operational) erlaubt die Kommunikation mit den Funktionsträgern eines Zuges. Bei dieser Kommunikation ist die Funktion des Funktionsträgers relevant und nicht die Tatsache, welche Person diese Funktion ausübt. Das EIRENE-System sieht daher die Verwendung von EIRENE-Rufnummern mit den drei verschiedenen Blöcken CT (Call Type), UIN (User Identifier Number) und FC (Funktionscode) vor, wie dies in [3], Kapitel 9, Seiten 87 ff., beschrieben ist. Der Block CT definiert den Typ der zulässigen Anwendernummer. Der Block UIN definiert beispielsweise eine Zugnummer für eine bestimmte Reise, die Nummer der arbeitenden Lokomotive, die Nummer eines Wagens, oder die Nummer eines bestimmten Teams. Der Block FC definiert die Funktion einer Person, eines Teams oder einer Vorrichtung eines Zuges. Die EIRENE-Rufnummern, die normalerweise nur temporär gültig sind, erlauben es somit, eine bestimmte Funktionseinheit eines Zuges anzurufen, ohne die MSISDN-Nummer zu kennen, die innerhalb des EIRENE-Systems der temporär erstellten EIRENE-Rufnummer zugeordnet und in einer Routing Datenbank abgelegt ist.The second system (Operational) allows communication with the function carriers of a train. In this communication, the function of the function carrier is relevant and not the fact of which person performs this function. The EIRENE system therefore provides for the use of EIRENE numbers with the three different blocks CT (Call Type), UIN (User Identifier Number) and FC (Function Code), as described in [3],
Mittels der EIRENE-Rufnummern können somit alle Ressourcen eines Zuges angerufen werden. Der Ruf erfolgt zu Mobilendgeräten (EIRENE-Mobile Stations), welche in [3], Kapitel 4, Seiten 43 ff. und Figur 4-1 beschrieben sind, oder zu so genannten Cab-Radios, die im Führerstand der Lokomotive installiert und in [3], Kapitel 5, Seiten 55 ff. und Figur 5-1 und 5-3 beschrieben sind.Using the EIRENE numbers, all resources of a train can be called. The call is made to mobile terminals (EIRENE Mobile Stations), which are described in [3], Chapter 4, pages 43 et seq. And Figure 4-1, or to so-called cab radios installed in the cab of the locomotive and in [ 3],
In
Die Elemente des zellulären Mobilfunksystems GSM-R, welches Eisenbahn-spezifische Anwendungen umfasst, sind in [3], Kapitel 1.4.2, Seite 29, beschrieben und in
Gemäss [4] ist grundsätzlich zwischen zwei Zuständen des Mobilendgerätes zu unterscheiden. Einerseits kann sich das eingeschaltete Mobilendgerät im Ruhezustand (Idle-Mode) befinden, in welchem es die vom Mobilfunknetz ausgesendeten Broadcast-Kanäle (Steuerkanäle) abhört, und selbst über keinen Sprachkanal verfügt. Andererseits kann sich das Mobilendgerät im Aktivzustand (Dedicated-Mode) befinden, in welchem es über einen Duplex-Kanal mit einem weiteren Teilnehmer verbunden ist (siehe beispielsweise [1], Seite 317, Kapitel 6.1.2). In Abhängigkeit des vorliegenden Zustands (Idle-Mode oder Dedicated-Mode) unterscheiden sich die Prozeduren des Mobilitäts-Management, beim Auftreten von Standortänderungen des Teilnehmers.According to [4], a distinction must basically be made between two states of the mobile terminal. On the one hand, the switched-on mobile terminal can be in idle mode, in which it listens to the broadcast channels (control channels) transmitted by the mobile radio network, and even has no voice channel. On the other hand, the mobile terminal can be in the active state (Dedicated Mode) in which it is connected via a duplex channel to another subscriber (see, for example, [1], page 317, chapter 6.1.2). In Dependency of the present state (idle mode or dedicated mode), the procedures of the mobility management, differ in the occurrence of changes in location of the subscriber.
Ein Aufenthaltsbereich (Location Area) umfasst eine Gruppe von Zellen, so dass bei einem Zellwechsel zwei verschiedene Situationen auftreten können. Einerseits kann ein Zellwechsel innerhalb desselben Aufenthaltsbereichs auftreten. Andererseits kann mit dem Zellwechsel gleichzeitig ein Wechsel des Aufenthaltsbereichs erfolgen.A location area (Location Area) comprises a group of cells, so that two different situations can occur when changing cells. On the one hand, a cell change can occur within the same residence area. On the other hand, a change of the residence area can take place simultaneously with the cell change.
Im Idle Mode sendet das Mobilendgerät im ersten Fall (Zellwechsel innerhalb des Aufenthaltsbereichs) keine Information an das Netzwerk. Im zweiten Fall (Zellwechsel mit gleichzeitigem Wechsel des Aufenthaltsbereichs) wird das Netzwerk entsprechend informiert.In idle mode, the mobile terminal in the first case (cell change within the location area) sends no information to the network. In the second case (cell change with simultaneous change of the residence area) the network is informed accordingly.
Im Dedicated-Mode wird eine bestehende Verbindung bei einem Funkzonenwechsel automatisch nachgeführt. Dieses automatische Nachführen während einer bestehenden Verbindung wird als Handover bezeichnet.In Dedicated mode, an existing connection is tracked automatically during a radio zone change. This automatic tracking during an existing connection is called a handover.
In
Durch ein gegebenenfalls im Zuglauf-Rechner V2 installiertes Kontrollprogramm CP kann durch Verknüpfung der Daten nun ermittelt werden, dass die gemäss Tabelle T3B für den Zug T01 funktional registrierte Lokomotive T01 tatsächlich mit dem Zug T01 am Betriebspunkt BP3 eingetroffen ist. Diese Daten können nun in die Tabelle T1 eines IST-Rechners V1 abgelegt werden, in dem der IST-Zustand des gesamten Eisenbahnsystems abgebildet wird. D.h., im IST-Rechner V1 ist der Einsatz aller Ressourcen L01, ..., L52 nachgeführt. Durch einen Vergleich mit den Plandaten des Planungs-Rechners V0 können somit Abweichungen festgestellt und für den weiteren Betrieb berücksichtigt werden.By a possibly installed in the train computer V2 control program CP can be determined by linking the data now that the according to Table T3B functionally registered for the train T01 locomotive T01 has actually arrived with the train T01 at the operating point BP3. These data can now be stored in the table T1 of an actual computer V1, in which the actual state of the entire railway system is mapped. That is, in the IST computer V1, the use of all resources L01, ..., L52 tracked. By comparison with The planning data of the planning computer V0 thus deviations can be determined and taken into account for further operation.
Aufgrund des längeren Aufenthaltes am Betriebspunkt BP3 ist die Information des weiteren Verbleibs der Lokomotive L01 und der weiteren dem Zug T01 zugeordneten Ressourcen, soweit diese vorliegen, jedoch nicht gesichert. Es ist nämlich möglich, dass am Betriebspunkt BP3 eine Lokomotive aufgrund eines Defekts ausgetauscht werden muss; dass Personal den Zug T01 verlässt oder dass weitere Ressourcen mit dem Zug T01 verbunden werden. Änderungen können dabei planmässig oder nicht planmässig verlaufen, weshalb die Tabelle T1 baldmöglichst wieder aufdatiert werden soll. Mittels dieses Systems kann der Ist-Zustand des gesamten Eisenbahnsystems jedoch nur teilweise und mit erheblichem Aufwand abgebildet und in Abhängigkeit der Dichte der Eurobalisen oft nur innerhalb grösserer Abstände aktualisiert werden.Due to the longer stay at the operating point BP3, however, the information of the further whereabouts of the locomotive L01 and the other the train T01 associated resources, as far as they are available, but not secured. For it is possible that at the operating point BP3 a locomotive must be replaced due to a defect; that personnel leave train T01 or that additional resources are connected by train T01. Changes may be planned or not scheduled, which is why table T1 should be updated as soon as possible. By means of this system, however, the actual state of the entire rail system can only be partially and with considerable effort mapped and, depending on the density of Eurobalises, often updated only within greater distances.
In
Der Kontroll-Rechner V5, der ein Lokalisierungsprogramm LP umfasst, selektiert in der Folge die Ressourcen L01, L03, die beispielsweise gemäss Plandaten mit dem Zug T01 mitgeführt werden.The control computer V5, which includes a localization program LP, subsequently selects the resources L01, L03, which are carried along, for example, according to schedule data with the train T01.
In der Folge werden die Daten der Mobilendgeräte MS01, MS03 dieser Ressourcen L01, L03 im Mobilfunknetz GSM-R aktualisiert. Beispielsweise kann anhand des im Mobilfunknetz registrierten Parameters »AGE«, welcher den Zeitpunkt der letzten Aktualisierung anzeigt, auch geprüft werden, ob eine Aktualisierung erforderlich ist. Weiterhin kann geprüft werden, ob sich das Mobilendgerät MS im "Dedicated-Mode" befindet und dessen Aufenthalt somit kontinuierlich aktualisiert wird. Sofern der Parameter »AGE« einen Wert 0 oder 1 aufweist, welcher anzeigt, dass die Aktualisierung vor einer Minute oder weniger erfolgt ist, so können die Positionsdaten bzw. die Zellinformationen ermittelt werden, ohne dass zuvor eine Aktualisierung durchgeführt wird. Sofern der Wert des Parameters »AGE« nach der Aktualisierung hingegen nicht geändert hat, so ist das betreffende Mobilendgerät MS und die betreffende Ressource ausgeschaltet und nicht weiter zu berücksichtigen.As a result, the data of the mobile terminals MS01, MS03 of these resources L01, L03 are updated in the mobile radio network GSM-R. For example, the "AGE" parameter registered in the mobile network, which indicates the time of the last update, can also be used to check whether an update is required. Furthermore, it can be checked whether the mobile terminal MS is in "Dedicated Mode" and whose residence is thus continuously updated. If the parameter "AGE" has a
Zur Aktualisierung der Positionsinformationen erfolgt eine Kontaktaufnahme mit den Mobilendgeräten MS01, MS03. Vorzugsweise fordert der Kontroll-Rechner V5 den Rechner V3 des Mobilfunknetzes auf, je eine Kurzmeldung SM (Short Messages) an die Mobilendgeräte MS01, MS03 zu senden. Dazu wird vorzugsweise der Short Message Service des GSM-Systems in Anspruch genommen. Durch die Auslösung der Kurzmeldung SM durch den Rechner V3 des Mobilfunknetzes wird sichergestellt, dass diese die Mobilendgeräte MS01, MS03 erreicht. Da die Kurzmeldungen SM ausschliesslich der Aktualisierung der registrierten Daten dienen und das Zugspersonal nicht stören sollen, werden vorzugsweise Kurzmeldungen SM, wie Silent SMS oder Flash SMS möglichst ohne Text, gesandt, die nicht zu Aktivitäten führen, welche für den Anwender wahrnehmbar sind. Die Kurzmeldungen SM werden somit nicht angezeigt und vorzugsweise automatisch gelöscht.To update the position information, contact the mobile terminals MS01, MS03. The control computer V5 preferably requests the computer V3 of the mobile radio network to send a short message SM (Short Messages) to the mobile terminals MS01, MS03. For this purpose, the short message service of the GSM system is preferably used. The triggering of the short message SM by the computer V3 of the mobile network ensures that it reaches the mobile terminals MS01, MS03. Since the short messages SM serve exclusively to update the registered data and should not disturb the train staff, preferably short messages SM, such as Silent SMS or Flash SMS possibly without text, sent, which does not lead to activities that are perceptible to the user. The short messages SM are therefore not displayed and preferably deleted automatically.
Alternativ kann der Rechner V3 des Mobilfunknetzes auch Kommandos, wie das Kommando <MOB_PAG_ADV>, an die Mobilendgeräte MS01, MS03 senden, mittels denen diese selbsttätig eine Aktualisierung des registrierten Standorts bzw. einen Location Update vollziehen.Alternatively, the computer V3 of the mobile network can also send commands, such as the command <MOB_PAG_ADV>, to the mobile terminals MS01, MS03, by means of which they automatically carry out an update of the registered location or a location update.
In der Folge kontaktiert der Kontroll-Rechner V5 den Rechner V3 des Mobilfunknetzes, um im Mobilfunknetz GSM-R oder bei den Mobilendgeräten MS01, MS03 die Funkzellen LAx-Zx zu ermitteln, denen die selektierten Ressourcen L01, L03 zugeordnet sind.As a result, the control computer V5 contacts the computer V3 of the mobile radio network in order to determine the radio cells LAx-Zx in the mobile radio network GSM-R or in the mobile terminals MS01, MS03, to which the selected resources L01, L03 are assigned.
Die Informationen betreffend die Zellen, in denen die Mobilendgeräte MS01, MS03 aktiv sind, können somit aus dem zugehörigen nationalen oder internationalen Mobilfunknetz oder direkt von den Mobilendgeräten ermittelt werden. Beispielsweise enthalten die Mobilendgeräte MS eine Anwendung bzw. ein Applet, welches nach Erhalt einer Kurzmitteilung SM die gewünschten Positionsdaten aus dem Mobilfunknetz ermittelt und mit der Zugnummer, Funktionscode und MSISDN eine Kurzmitteilung SM mit den ermittelten Informationen an den Absender der ersten Kurzmitteilung SM oder einer andern definierten Zielnummer retourniert.The information concerning the cells in which the mobile terminals MS01, MS03 are active can thus be determined from the associated national or international mobile radio network or directly from the mobile terminals. For example, the mobile terminals MS include an application or an applet, which determines the desired position data from the mobile network after receiving a short message SM and the train number, function code and MSISDN a text message SM with the information obtained to the sender of the first text message SM or another returned destination number.
Abschliessend wird die Position der selektierten Ressourcen L01, L03 durch Zuordnung der ermittelten Funkzelle LA5-Z1 des Mobilfunknetzes zum Betriebspunkt BP-5 ermittelt. Zu diesem Zweck wird eine Tabelle bereitgestellt, auf der die Funkzellen LAx-Zx des Mobilfunknetzes GSM-R den Betriebspunkten BP des Schienennetzes zugeordnet sind, die vom Betreiber des Schienennetzes nach Bedarf definiert werden. Diese Tabelle kann beliebig erweitert werden und beliebige Mobilfunknetze und Schienennetze umfassen. Dabei ist auch möglich, dass sich die Zellen einzelner Mobilfunknetze überlappen, so dass einem Betriebspunkt BP mehrere Funkzellen zugeordnet sein können.Finally, the position of the selected resources L01, L03 is determined by assigning the determined radio cell LA5-Z1 of the mobile radio network to the operating point BP-5. For this purpose, a table is provided, on which the radio cells LAx-Zx of the mobile radio network GSM-R are assigned to the operating points BP of the rail network, which are defined by the operator of the rail network as required. this table can be extended as desired and include any mobile networks and rail networks. It is also possible that the cells of individual mobile radio networks overlap, so that an operating point BP can be assigned a plurality of radio cells.
Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren erlaubt es dem Betreiber des Schienennetzes somit, alle interessierenden Ressourcen zu beliebigen Zeitpunkten zu lokalisieren und das IST-Abbild aller Ressourcen stets auf den aktuellen Stand zu halten.The method according to the invention thus allows the operator of the rail network to localize all resources of interest at any desired time and to always keep the actual image of all resources up to date.
Da die Ressourcen des Schienennetzes normalerweise in Gruppen zusammengeschlossen sind bzw. einem Zug zugeordnet sind, ist für den Betreiber des Schienennetzes auch von Interesse, welche Ressourcen dem betreffenden Zug zugeordnet sind. Um alle möglichen Ressourcen zu erfassen, welche einem Zug möglicherweise hinzugefügt wurden, und um einen Verlust von Ressourcen festzustellen, die vom Zug abgekoppelt wurden, wird das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren wie folgt durchgeführt.Since the resources of the rail network are normally grouped together or assigned to a train, it is also of interest to the operator of the rail network which resources are allocated to the relevant train. In order to detect all possible resources that may have been added to a train and to detect a loss of resources decoupled from the train, the method of the invention is performed as follows.
Ein beispielsweiser Ablauf des Verfahrens ist in
Mittels des Zuglauf-Rechners V2 werden die aktuellen Zuglaufdaten der Züge T01, ..., T03 überwacht. Für Statusänderungen der Züge T01, ..., T03, wie die Ankunft oder die Abfahrt bei einem Betriebspunkt werden Änderungsmeldungen erzeugt und dem Kontroll-Rechner V5 übermittelt.By means of the train running computer V2, the current train run data of the trains T01, ..., T03 are monitored. For status changes of the trains T01, ..., T03, such as the arrival or departure at an operating point, change messages are generated and transmitted to the control computer V5.
Für eine Änderungsmeldung, welche die Abfahrt eines Zuges, z.B. des Zuges T01 vom Betriebspunkt BP-1, signalisiert, wird für diesen Zug T01 eine Kandidatenliste K mit verwalteten Ressourcen L01, ..., L99 erstellt, die möglicherweise mit diesem Zug T01 mitgeführt werden.For a change message signaling the departure of a train, eg the train T01 from the operating point BP-1, a candidate list K with managed resources L01, ..., L99 is created for this train T01 which may be carried along with this train T01 ,
Vorzugsweise werden die Positionsdaten der Kandidaten aktualisiert, nachdem die Kandidatenliste erstellt wurde. Kandidaten die sich nicht mehr am Betriebspunkt BP befinden oder die inaktiv sind, können so von der Kandidatenliste entfernt werden.Preferably, the position data of the candidates are updated after the candidate list has been created. Candidates who are no longer at the operating point BP or who are inactive can thus be removed from the candidate list.
Für eine Änderungsmeldung, welche die Ankunft des Zuges T01 am nächsten relevanten Betriebspunkt BP-9 betrifft, erfolgt zuerst eine Aktualisierung der Netzwerkdaten der in der Kandidatenliste K registrierten Ressourcen L01, ..., L99. Anschliessend werden die Funkzellen LAx-Zx aus dem Mobilfunknetz, z.B. GSM-R, ermittelt, an denen sich die in der Kandidatenliste K eingetragenen Ressourcen L01, ..., L99 befinden.For a change message concerning the arrival of the train T01 at the next relevant operating point BP-9, the network data of the resources L01, ..., L99 registered in the candidate list K is first updated. Subsequently, the radio cells LAx-Zx from the mobile network, e.g. GSM-R, determined at which the registered in the candidate list K resources L01, ..., L99.
Diese Massnahme erfolgt vorzugsweise auch bei einer Durchfahrt ohne Halt am betreffenden Betriebspunkt BP. Insbesondere bei diesem Fall ist jedoch darauf zu achten, dass keine grössere Differenz zwischen dem Zeitpunkt der Durchfahrt und der Abfrage der Positionsdaten vorliegt.This measure is preferably also in a transit without stopping at the relevant operating point BP. Especially in this case, however, care must be taken that there is no major difference between the time of transit and the query of the position data.
Anhand der ermittelten Funkzellen LAx-Zx wird in der Folge festgestellt, ob sich die in der Kandidatenliste K eingetragenen Ressourcen L01, ..., L99 am Betriebspunkt BP-9 der Ankunft oder Durchfahrt des Zuges T01 befinden. Ressourcen L01, ..., L99, die keiner Funkzelle LA7-Z1 dieses Betriebspunkts BP-9 zugehören, werden aus der Kandidatenliste K entfernt.On the basis of the determined radio cells LAx-Zx it is determined in the sequence whether the resources L01,..., L99 registered in the candidate list K are located at the operating point BP-9 of the arrival or transit of the train T01. Resources L01, ..., L99 which do not belong to any radio cell LA7-Z1 of this operating point BP-9 are removed from the candidate list K.
In die Kandidatenliste K des Zuges T01 werden vorzugsweise alle Ressourcen L01, ..., L99 aufgenommen,
- a) die für diesen Zug T01 geplant sind; und/oder
- b) die funktional für diesen Zug T01 angemeldet sind; und/oder
- c) die sich gemäss der vorliegenden Historie, insbesondere gemäss den früher erfolgten Meldungen am Betriebspunkt BP-1 dieses Zuges T01 befinden.
- a) which are planned for this train T01; and or
- b) which are functionally registered for this train T01; and or
- c) which according to the present history, in particular according to the earlier made messages at the operating point BP-1 this train T01 are.
Bei Lokomotiven L02, ..., L52, die am betreffenden Betriebspunkt BP-1 stehen, wird vorzugsweise deren Kompatibilität mit der zugführenden Lokomotive L01 des Zuges T01 geprüft, wonach nur kompatible, insbesondere mehrfachtraktionsfähige Lokomotiven L02, ..., L99 in die Kandidatenliste K des Zuges aufgenommen werden. Dabei wird davon ausgegangen, dass eine nicht mehrfachtraktionsfähige Lokomotive nicht mit dem Zug T01 gekoppelt wird, wenn nur der Funktionscode FC01 der entsprechenden Zugnummer angemeldet wurde. Lokomotiven, die nicht mit dem Stromnetz verbunden und deren Mobilendgeräte ausgeschaltet sind, werden vorzugsweise auch nicht in die Kandidatenliste K aufgenommen bzw. Daraus entfernt.For locomotives L02, ..., L52, which are at the relevant operating point BP-1, preferably their compatibility with the train locomotive L01 of the train T01 is checked, after which only compatible, in particular multi-traction locomotives L02, ..., L99 in the candidate list K of the train. It is assumed that a locomotive not capable of multiple traction is not coupled to the train T01 if only the function code FC01 of the corresponding train number has been registered. Locomotives that are not connected to the power grid and their mobile devices are turned off, preferably also not included in the candidate list K or removed from it.
Ressourcen L21, L22 und L51, L52, welche für andere Züge T02, T03 funktional angemeldet sind, werden bei Bedarf in die Kandidatenliste K aufgenommen, um die registrierte Zuordnung zu überprüfen.Resources L21, L22 and L51, L52, which are functionally registered for other trains T02, T03, are added to the candidate list K as needed to check the registered assignment.
In
Zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt wurde eine Aktualisierung der Netzwerkdaten durch Kontaktierung der in der Kandidatenliste K1 aufgeführten Mobilendgeräte MS01, ..., MS52 vorgenommen. Dabei wurde festgestellt, dass der Parameter "AGE", welcher den Zeitpunkt der letzten Aktualisierung anzeigt, unverändert geblieben ist, weshalb erkannt wird, dass das Mobilendgerät M04 nicht eingeschaltet ist. Wie dies symbolisch gezeigt ist, ist die Lokomotive L04 4 denn auch nicht mit der Stromleitung verbunden. Bei der Prüfung der historischen Daten wurde ferner festgestellt, dass die Lokomotive L52 mit der funktional für den Zug T01 angemeldeten zugführenden Lokomotive L01 nicht kompatibel ist. In der aktualisierten Kandidatenliste K2 sind die Lokomotiven L04 und L52 daher gestrichen.At a later time, an update of the network data was made by contacting the mobile terminals MS01, ..., MS52 listed in the candidate list K1. It was found that the parameter "AGE", which indicates the time of the last update, has remained unchanged, which is why it is recognized that the mobile terminal M04 is not turned on. As shown symbolically, the locomotive L04 4 is not connected to the power line. When examining the historical data was further It has been established that the L52 locomotive is not compatible with the L01 locomotive which is functionally registered for the T01 train. In the updated candidate list K2, the locomotives L04 and L52 are therefore deleted.
Sofern die Lokomotive L04 an einem anderen Betriebspunkt BP erscheinen würde, so wird sie auch aus der Kandidatenliste K1 entfernt. Ferner könnte die neu ermittelte Position dem IST-Rechner V1 gemeldet werden. Mit der Überprüfung und Lokalisierung der Ressourcen können die beim IST-Rechner V1 registrierten Positionsdaten somit jeweils aktualisiert werden.If the locomotive L04 would appear at another operating point BP, it will also be removed from the candidate list K1. Furthermore, the newly determined position could be reported to the actual computer V1. With the checking and localization of the resources, the position data registered at the actual computer V1 can thus be updated in each case.
Vom Zuglauf-Rechner Rechner V2 wird in der Folge gemeldet, dass die beiden Züge T01 und T02 den Betriebspunkt BP-1 zeitgleich verlassen und den nächsten Betriebspunkt BP-5 zeitgleich erreichen. Es ist gezeigt, dass der Zug T01 die Lokomotiven L01 und L03 und der Zug T02 die Lokomotiven L21 und L22 mitführt.The run-run computer computer V2 is reported in the sequence that the two trains T01 and T02 leave the operating point BP-1 at the same time and reach the next operating point BP-5 at the same time. It is shown that the train T01 carries the locomotives L01 and L03 and the train T02 the locomotives L21 and L22.
Sofern beim Betriebspunkt BP-5 die erfindungsgemässe Prüfung durchgeführt würde, würde festgestellt, dass sich nur die Ressourcen bzw. Lokomotiven L01, L03 und L21, L22 an diesem Betriebspunkt BP-5 befinden, weshalb die weitere Lokomotive L51 aus der Kandidatenliste K gelöscht werden könnte. Die Positionen der Lokomotiven L01, L03 und L21, L22 am Betriebspunkt BP-5, nicht aber deren Zugehörigkeit zu den Zügen T01, T02, können dem IST-Rechner V1 bereits gemeldet werden.If at the operating point BP-5 the inventive test would be performed, it would be determined that only the resources or locomotives L01, L03 and L21, L22 are at this operating point BP-5, which is why the further locomotive L51 could be deleted from the candidate list K. , The positions of the locomotives L01, L03 and L21, L22 at the operating point BP-5, but not their affiliation with the trains T01, T02, the IST computer V1 can already be reported.
An diesem Betriebspunkt BP-5 können nun drei verschiedene Situationen auftreten.At this operating point BP-5 now three different situations can occur.
Die Züge T01, T02 können durchfahren, weshalb deren Zusammensetzung nicht ändern kann. In diesem Fall sind keine zusätzlichen Ressourcen in die Kandidatenliste K aufzunehmen. Hingegen werden Kandidaten aus der Kandidatenliste K gelöscht, welche am Betriebspunkt BP-5 nicht erschienen sind. In die Tabelle des Ist-Rechners V1 können die ermittelten Positionsdaten eingetragen werden.The trains T01, T02 can pass through, which is why their composition can not change. In this case, no additional resources should be included in the candidate list K. On the other hand, candidates are deleted from the candidate list K, which did not appear at operating point BP-5. In the table of the actual computer V1, the determined position data can be entered.
Weiterhin kann der Zug T01 normal anhalten und die erfindungsgemässe Prüfung durchgeführt werden, um festzustellen, ob Einträge in der Kandidatenliste K gelöscht werden können, wie die Lokomotive L51.Furthermore, the train T01 can stop normally and the test according to the invention can be carried out to determine whether entries in the candidate list K can be deleted, such as the locomotive L51.
Sofern der Zug T01 jedoch länger als eine Zeitdauer anhält, innerhalb der der Zug T01 mit weiteren Ressourcen, beispielsweise der beim Betriebspunkt BP-5 stationierten Lokomotive L77, gekoppelt werden kann, so ist diese Lokomotive L77 in die Kandidatenliste K aufzunehmen. Die Kandidatenliste K wird vorzugsweise zu dem Zeitpunkt ergänzt, wenn gemeldet wird, dass der Zug T01 den Betriebspunkt BP-5 verlassen hat.If, however, the train T01 lasts longer than a period of time within which the train T01 can be coupled with other resources, for example the locomotive L77 stationed at the operating point BP-5, then this locomotive L77 is to be included in the candidate list K. The candidate list K is preferably supplemented at the time when it is reported that the train T01 has left the operating point BP-5.
Aus
Es ist weiter ersichtlich, dass nur der Zug T01 weiter zum nächsten Betriebspunkt BP-9 geführt wird. An diesem Betriebspunkt BP-9 wird festgestellt, dass die Lokomotiven L21, L22 des Zuges T02 und die Lokomotive L77 nicht anwesend sind, weshalb diese aus der revidierten Kandidatenliste K4 gelöscht werden. Die Parallelfahrt der Züge T01, T02 hat somit am letzten Betriebspunkt BP-5 geendet.It can be further seen that only the train T01 is carried on to the next operating point BP-9. At this operating point BP-9, it is determined that the locomotives L21, L22 of the train T02 and the locomotive L77 are not present, so they are deleted from the revised candidate list K4. The parallel travel of the trains T01, T02 has thus ended at the last operating point BP-5.
Dem IST-Rechner V1, welcher das tatsächliche Abbild des Schienennetzes zeigt, kann daher mitgeteilt werden, dass der Zug T01 mit den Lokomotiven L01 und L03 tatsächlich vom Betriebspunkt BP-1 zum Betriebspunkt BP-9 überführt wurde und dass die Ressourcen bzw. Lokomotiven L01 und L03 dort für den weiteren Einsatz zur Verfügung stehen. Am Betriebspunkt BP-9 kann daher nicht nur die Position der Lokomotiven L01 und L03, sondern auch deren Zugehörigkeit zum Zug T01 gemeldet werden.The IST computer V1, which shows the actual image of the rail network, can therefore be informed that the train T01 was actually transferred with the locomotives L01 and L03 from the operating point BP-1 to the operating point BP-9 and that the resources or locomotives L01 and L03 there for the further use are available. At the operating point BP-9, therefore, not only the position of the locomotives L01 and L03, but also their affiliation to the train T01 can be reported.
Auf diese Weise können Fehler eliminiert werden, die insbesondere dann entstehen können, wenn der Zugverkehr und der Einsatz der Ressourcen nicht nach Plan verlaufen. Falls beispielsweise geplant war, dass der Zug T01 nur mit der Lokomotive L01 vom Betriebspunkt BP-1 zum Betriebspunkt BP-9 hätte überführt werden sollen, und kurzfristig entschieden wurde, die Lokomotive L03 aufgrund eines Defekts der Lokomotive L01 als Schiebelokomotive einzusetzen, so wird diese ausserplanmässige Änderung mittels des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens automatisch erfasst. Gesonderte Meldungen über den Einsatz der Schiebelokomotive L03 könnten grundsätzlich entfallen.In this way, errors can be eliminated, which can occur, in particular, when train services and the use of resources are not proceeding according to plan. For example, if it was planned that the train T01 should have been transferred only from the operating point BP-1 to the operating point BP-9 with the locomotive L01, and it was decided at short notice to use the locomotive L03 as a locomotive due to a defect of the locomotive L01, this will unscheduled change automatically detected by the inventive method. Separate reports on the use of the L03 sliding gate engine could basically be omitted.
In
Der Begriff »Betriebspunkt« ist breit auszulegen. Ein Betriebspunkt liegt grundsätzlich dort vor, wo einem Teil des Schienennetzes eine Funkzelle oder eine Gruppe von Funkzellen zugeordnet werden kann. D.h., durch die Abfrage der Zellinformation soll der Standort der betreffenden Ressourcen einem Teil des Schienennetzes zugeordnet werden können. Betriebspunkte können somit grössere und kleinere Bahnhöfe, aber auch Schienenabschnitte sein, die zu einer Funkzelle eines Mobilfunknetzes korrespondieren, von dem Zellinformationen abgefragt werden können. In
Für die Ermittlung der Zuordnung der Funkzellen zu den Betriebspunkten können beispielsweise Lernfahrten durchgeführt werden. Ferner können von einer führenden Lokomotive während des normalen Betriebs die Daten der Funkzellen an den durchlaufenen Betriebspunkten erfasst und zentral registriert werden.For example, learning trips can be performed to determine the assignment of the radio cells to the operating points. Furthermore, during normal operation, the data of the radio cells can be detected by the leading locomotive at the running operating points and registered centrally.
Für die Inbetriebnahme kann eine vollständige oder partielle Initialisierung des Systems durchgeführt werden, indem die Daten aller relevanten Ressourcen abgefragt werden.For commissioning, a complete or partial initialization of the system can be performed by querying the data of all relevant resources.
Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren erlaubte es somit, das tatsächliche Abbild der Ressourcen im Schienennetz mit geringem Aufwand zu erstellen. Um Mehrdeutigkeiten der Zugehörigkeit von Ressourcen zu einem Zug auszuschliessen, erfolgt vorzugsweise eine Prüfung über zwei oder mehrere Betriebspunkte, bevor die Daten dem IST-Rechner V1 gemeldet werden. Beim Auftreten von Parallelfahrten wird die Prüfung vorzugsweise über weitere Betriebspunkte durchgeführt. Aufgrund der Dichte des Schienennetzes erfolgt die gesicherte Ermittlung der Position und der Zugehörigkeit der Ressourcen zu einem Zug innerhalb kurzer Zeit, durchschnittlich etwa innerhalb von 5-15 Minuten, was hinsichtlich der langfristigen Disposition der Ressourcen mehr als genügend ist.The inventive method thus allowed to create the actual image of the resources in the rail network with little effort. In order to exclude ambiguity of the membership of resources to a train, a check preferably takes place over two or more operating points before the data is reported to the actual computer V1. When parallel runs occur, the test is preferably carried out via further operating points. Due to the density of the rail network, the secure determination of the position and the affiliation of the resources to a train takes place within a short time, on average within about 5-15 minutes, which is more than sufficient in terms of the long-term disposition of the resources.
Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren kann auch beliebig erweitert werden. Beispielsweise können auch Rangierfahrten von Lokomotiven und Zügen überwacht werden.The inventive method can also be extended as desired. For example, maneuvering of locomotives and trains can also be monitored.
Der Mobilfunk-Rechner V3 kann Zell-Identifikationsdaten aus dem GSM-R-Mobilfunknetz oder auch aus weiteren Mobilfunknetzen von beliebigen inländischen oder ausländischen Netzbetreibern abfragen.The mobile radio computer V3 can query cell identification data from the GSM-R mobile radio network or also from other mobile radio networks of any domestic or foreign network operators.
Ebenso kann der Kontroll-Rechner V5 Zuglaufdaten von Partnerunternehmen im Ausland verwenden, so dass Ressourcen des Unternehmens auch auf ausländischen Schienennetzen überwacht werden können. In
Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren kann somit auch grenzüberschreitend mit Nutzung aller zur Verfügung stehenden nationalen und internationalen Informationsquellen durchgeführt werden.The inventive method can thus also be carried out across borders with the use of all available national and international information sources.
In
Die vom Zuglauf-Rechner V2 abgegebenen Mitteilungen sind beispielsweise gemäss den Richtlinien der European Association for Railway Interoperability zusammengesetzt, die im Dokument [5], The Trans-European Conventional Rail System, "TELEMATIC APPLICATIONS", subsystem for Freight Services, DATA DEFINITIONS AND MESSAGES, AEIF_TAF_MesData_V11_041021-EN.doc angegeben sind.The messages issued by the train run computer V2 are composed, for example, in accordance with the guidelines of the European Association for Railway Interoperability, which are described in document [5], The Trans-European Conventional Rail System, "TELEMATIC APPLICATIONS ", subsystem for Freight Services, DATA DEFINITIONS AND MESSAGES, AEIF_TAF_MesData_V11_041021-EN.doc.
In [5], Seite 17, sind für das vorliegende Verfahren besonders wichtige Codes wie folgt definiert:
- "01" = Ankunft des Zuges an seinem Ziel-Betriebspunkt
- "02" = Abfahrt des Zuges seinem Start-Betriebspunkt
- "03" = Ankunft des Zuges an Melde-Betriebspunkt
- "04" = Abfahrt des Zuges an Melde-Betriebspunkt
- "05" = Zugdurchfahrt an Melde-Betriebspunkt
- "01" = arrival of the train at its destination operating point
- "02" = departure of the train from its starting operating point
- "03" = arrival of the train at the signaling operating point
- "04" = departure of the train at the reporting point
- "05" = train passage at the signaling operating point
In der Zuglauf-Tabelle T2A des Zulauf-Rechners V2 könnte ein Zuglauf von einem Betriebspunkt BP-A zu einem Betriebspunkt BP-F für einen von der Lokomotive L51 geführten und der Lokomotive L52 geschobenen Güterzug T03 daher wie folgt auftreten:
Die Zuglauf-Tabelle T2A umfasst zehn Zeilen. Die Zeilen 1 und 2 sowie die Zeilen 9 und 10 zeigen, dass sich die Lokomotiven L51 (zugführende Lokomotive mit Code FC01) und L52 (Schiebelokomotive mit Code FC05) um 09:10 bzw. 09:12 für den Güterzug T03 funktional angemeldet und um 10:35 bzw. 10:36 funktional wieder abgemeldet haben. Die entsprechenden Daten in der Tabelle T2A stammen aus der Quelle V3 bzw. vom Mobilfunk-Rechner V3.The train history table T2A comprises ten lines.
Die Zeilen 3 bis 8 zeigen den Zuglauf vom Betriebspunkt BP-A (Start-Betriebspunkt) bis zum Betriebspunkt BP-F (Ziel-Betriebspunkt). Für die Betriebspunkte BP-A, BP-B, ..., BP-F werden die in der Tabelle eingetragenen Meldungen generiert, welche die geplanten sowie die tatsächlich eintretenden Zeiten für die Abfahrt und Ankunft, die entsprechenden Abweichungen sowie eine Quellangabe enthalten.Lines 3 to 8 show the trajectory from the operating point BP-A (start operating point) to the operating point BP-F (target operating point). For the operating points BP-A, BP-B, ..., BP-F, the messages entered in the table are generated, which contain the planned and actually occurring times for departure and arrival, the corresponding deviations and a source.
Gemäss Zeile 3 war die Abfahrt des Güterzuges T03 vom Start-Betriebspunkt BP-A für 09:30 geplant. Die mit Code "02" gekennzeichnete Abfahrt vom Start-Betriebspunkt BP-A erfolgte jedoch bereits um 09:25. Für die Abfahrt vom Start-Betriebspunkt BP-A wird eine Kandidatenliste K erstellt.According to line 3, the departure of the T03 freight train from the starting operating point BP-A was scheduled for 09:30. However, the departure from the starting operating point BP-A marked with code "02" already took place at 09:25. For the departure from the starting operating point BP-A a candidate list K is created.
Gemäss Zeile 4 erfolgte die mit Code "03" gekennzeichnete Ankunft beim Betriebspunkt BP-B um 09:35 und somit 5 min vor dem geplanten Zeitpunkt. Die mit Code "04" gekennzeichnete Abfahrt beim Betriebspunkt BP-B erfolgte hingegen planmässig um 09:42.According to line 4, the arrival with the code "03" at the operating point BP-B took place at 09:35 and thus 5 minutes before the scheduled time. On the other hand, the departure at operating point BP-B marked with code "04" took place at 09:42.
Der beim Betriebspunkt BP-B resultierende Aufenthalt lag somit bei 7 Minuten anstatt bei den geplanten 2 Minuten. Nach dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren wird vorzugsweise der tatsächliche und nicht nur der geplante Zuglauf berücksichtigt. Nach dem geplanten Zuglauf wäre am Betriebspunkt BP-B lediglich ein Aufenthalt von 2 Minuten erfolgt, weshalb die Kandidatenliste K nicht aktualisiert worden wäre. Nachdem jedoch festgestellt wurde, dass der Güterzug T03 7 Minuten angehalten hatte, wird die Kandidatenliste K überprüft. Dadurch wird der Tatsache Rechnung getragen, dass innerhalb dieser 7 Minuten zum Beispiel eine Lokomotive hätte angekoppelt oder abgekoppelt werden können. Ohne dass durch das Personal des Betriebspunkts BP-B nun eine Meldung abgesetzt wird, erfolgt mit dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren automatisch eine Überprüfung des Ist-Zustandes des Zuges T03.The stay at operating point BP-B was thus 7 minutes instead of the planned 2 minutes. According to the method according to the invention, the actual and not only the planned run is preferably taken into account. After the planned train run would be on Operating point BP-B only a stay of 2 minutes, which is why the candidate list K would not have been updated. However, after it was determined that the freight train T03 had stopped for 7 minutes, the candidate list K is checked. This takes into account the fact that within these 7 minutes, for example, a locomotive could have been docked or decoupled. Without a message being issued by the personnel of the operating point BP-B, a check of the actual state of the train T03 is automatically carried out with the method according to the invention.
Gemäss Zeile 5 erfolgte die mit Code "05" gekennzeichnete Durchfahrt ohne Halt beim Betriebspunkt BP-C um 09:55.According to
Gemäss Zeile 6 erfolgt beim Betriebspunkt BP-D ausserplanmässig eine mit proprietären Codes "35" und "45" gekennzeichnete Durchfahrt um 10:12, weshalb keine Aktualisierung der Kandidatenliste K erfolgt. Aufgrund der Orientierung an den Ist- und nicht an den Soll-Daten wird der Aufenthalt nach Plan von 5 Minuten, der nicht erfolgt ist, nicht berücksichtigt. Auf diese Weise wird nicht nur unnötiger Aufwand eingespart, sondern es wird auch die Aufnahme von Kandidaten vermieden, welche die Kandidatenliste temporärer belasten würden.According to line 6 takes place at the operating point BP-D unscheduled passage marked with proprietary codes "35" and "45" passage at 10:12, so no update of the candidate list K takes place. Due to the orientation to the actual and not to the target data the stay according to plan of 5 minutes, which is not done, is not considered. In this way, not only unnecessary expense is saved, but also the inclusion of candidates is avoided, which would burden the candidate list temporarily.
Gemäss Zeile 7 erfolgte die mit Code "05" gekennzeichnete Durchfahrt ohne Halt beim Betriebspunkt BP-E um 10:21.According to line 7, the passage marked with code "05" without stopping at operating point BP-E was at 10:21.
Gemäss Zeile 8 erfolgte die mit Code "01" gekennzeichnete planmässige Ankunft beim Betriebspunkt BP-F um 10:30.According to line 8 the scheduled arrival with code "01" at the operating point BP-F took place at 10:30.
Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren lässt sich somit in verschiedenartig ausgestalteten Systemen implementieren. Ferner können Informationen von weiteren Quellen berücksichtigt werden. Sofern für einen bestimmten Betriebspunkt eine Änderung der Zugskomposition gemeldet wird, kann dies bei der nächsten Überarbeitung der Kandidatenliste entsprechend berücksichtigt werden.The inventive method can thus be implemented in variously configured systems. Furthermore, information from other sources can be taken into account. Unless for a particular If a change in the train composition is reported at the operating point, this can be taken into account accordingly in the next revision of the candidate list.
Grundsätzlich können alle beschriebenen Systemmodule V1, ..., V5 in einem einzigen Rechner integriert werden. Wie dies in
Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren erlaubt es nun, Informationen für die Ressourcen dieser Unternehmen zu ermitteln und diesen Unternehmen selektiv zur Verfügung zu stellen. Von primärem Interesse ist die Verwaltung von Lokomotiven. Alternativ oder zusätzlich können Informationen zu weiteren Ressourcen, für die ein Mobilendgerät MS vorgesehen ist, ermittelt und selektiv an die Dispositions-Rechner V100, V101 weitergeleitet werden. Die Dispositions-Rechner V100, V101 verfügen somit über aktuelle und zuverlässige Daten und können den weiteren Einsatz der Ressourcen optimal planen.The method according to the invention now makes it possible to determine information for the resources of these companies and to make these companies available selectively. Of prime interest is the management of locomotives. Alternatively or additionally, information on further resources for which a mobile terminal MS is provided can be determined and selectively forwarded to the scheduling computers V100, V101. The disposition computers V100, V101 thus have current and reliable data and can optimally plan the further use of resources.
-
[1]
EP 1 897 781 A2 EP 1 897 781 A2 -
[2]
EP 2 090 491 A1 EP 2 090 491 A1 -
[3]
UIC Project EIRENE System Requirements Specification, Version 15 vom 17. Mai 2006 UIC Project EIRENE System Requirements Specification, Version 15 of May 17, 2006 -
[4]
Michel Mouly, Marie-Bernadette Pautet, The GSM System for Mobile Communications, Cell & Sys Verlag, 1992 Michel Mouly, Marie-Bernadette Pautet, The GSM System for Mobile Communications, Cell & Sys Verlag, 1992 -
[5]
European Association for Railway Interoperability The Trans-European Conventional Rail System, "TELEMATIC APPLICATIONS", subsystem for Freight Services, DATA DEFINITIONS AND MESSAGES, AEIF_TAF_MesData_V11_041021-EN.doc European Association for Railway Interoperability The Trans-European Conventional Rail System, "TELEMATIC APPLICATIONS", subsystem for Freight Services, DATA DEFINITIONS AND MESSAGES, AEIF_TAF_MesData_V11_041021-EN.doc
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