EP2621628A1 - Utilisation de systèmes de catalyseurs silp (supported ionic liquid phase) dans l'hydroformylation de mélanges contenant des oléfines pour former des mélanges d'aldéhydes présentant une teneur élevée en aldéhydes non ramifiés en position 2 - Google Patents

Utilisation de systèmes de catalyseurs silp (supported ionic liquid phase) dans l'hydroformylation de mélanges contenant des oléfines pour former des mélanges d'aldéhydes présentant une teneur élevée en aldéhydes non ramifiés en position 2

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Publication number
EP2621628A1
EP2621628A1 EP11771052.5A EP11771052A EP2621628A1 EP 2621628 A1 EP2621628 A1 EP 2621628A1 EP 11771052 A EP11771052 A EP 11771052A EP 2621628 A1 EP2621628 A1 EP 2621628A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
group
hydroformylation
substituted
composition according
olefin
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP11771052.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Robert Franke
Nicole Brausch
Dirk Fridag
Andrea Christiansen
Marc Becker
Peter Wasserscheid
Marco Haumann
Michael Jakuttis
Sebastian Werner
Andreas SCHÖNWEIZ
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Evonik Operations GmbH
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Evonik Oxeno GmbH and Co KG
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Publication of EP2621628A1 publication Critical patent/EP2621628A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
    • B01J31/0234—Nitrogen-, phosphorus-, arsenic- or antimony-containing compounds
    • B01J31/0235—Nitrogen containing compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
    • B01J31/22—Organic complexes
    • B01J31/2282—Unsaturated compounds used as ligands
    • B01J31/2295—Cyclic compounds, e.g. cyclopentadienyls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
    • B01J31/0277—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature
    • B01J31/0292—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature immobilised on a substrate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
    • B01J31/18—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
    • B01J31/18—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms
    • B01J31/1845—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms the ligands containing phosphorus
    • B01J31/185—Phosphites ((RO)3P), their isomeric phosphonates (R(RO)2P=O) and RO-substitution derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
    • C07C45/49—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reaction with carbon monoxide
    • C07C45/50—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reaction with carbon monoxide by oxo-reactions
    • C07C45/505—Asymmetric hydroformylation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
    • B01J2231/30—Addition reactions at carbon centres, i.e. to either C-C or C-X multiple bonds
    • B01J2231/32—Addition reactions to C=C or C-C triple bonds
    • B01J2231/321—Hydroformylation, metalformylation, carbonylation or hydroaminomethylation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
    • B01J2531/80—Complexes comprising metals of Group VIII as the central metal
    • B01J2531/82—Metals of the platinum group
    • B01J2531/822—Rhodium

Definitions

  • Supported Lonic Liquid Phase (SILP) catalyst systems in the hydroformylation of olefin-containing mixtures to aldehyde mixtures with a high proportion of aldehydes unbranched in the 2-position
  • Aldehydes having 5 to 1 1 carbon atoms, which have a low proportion of branched in the 2-position isomers (n) are renowned precursors for the preparation of a variety of products.
  • Cs-aldehydes are starting materials for the production of pentanols, pentanoic acids and pentylamines.
  • aldol condensation and total hydrogenation of the aldol condensate can be obtained from them decanols, which are intermediates for the preparation of plasticizers, detergents and lubricants.
  • decanols which are intermediates for the preparation of plasticizers, detergents and lubricants.
  • hydrogenation of the olefinic double bond of the aldol condensate and subsequent oxidation of the aldehyde group decanoic acids can be obtained, which can be used for example for the preparation of lubricants or detergents.
  • the Cs aldehydes consist of a large proportion of the linear compound n-pentanal or the proportion of branched Cs aldehydes, in particular 2-methylbutanal, is as low as possible.
  • C6-aldehydes can aldolkondensiert to dodecenals, which give after total hydrogenation Ci2 alcohols. These can be used, for example, for the production of detergents.
  • the corresponding alcohols can be obtained by hydrogenation, which are used in particular for the preparation of plasticizers.
  • the recovery of aldehydes with a small proportion of isomers of olefins having internal double bonds and branched off in the 2-position requires that the inositol olefins be isomerized to 1-olefins, that the 1-olefins be terminally hydroformylated and that the internal double bonds are hardly hydroformylated.
  • n-pentanal from 2-butene or mixtures thereof by isomerizing hydroformylation is described in DE 101 08 474, DE 101 08 475, DE 101 08 476 and DE 102 25 282.
  • the technical teachings of all of these documents have in common that in at least one hydroformylation step, a rhodium-containing catalyst system having a diphosphine ligand having a xanthene skeleton is used. With this catalyst system, 2-butenes can be hydroformylated under isomerizing conditions.
  • the ratio of n-pentanal to 2-methylbutanal is at best 85 to 15.
  • DE 101 08 474 and DE 101 08 475 describe processes in which the hydroformylation takes place in two stages.
  • the hydroformylation of olefins using rhodium-containing catalyst systems is carried out essentially according to two basic variants.
  • the catalyst system consisting of rhodium and a water-soluble ligand, usually alkali metal salts of sulfonated phosphines, dissolved in an aqueous phase.
  • the educt-product mixture forms a second liquid phase.
  • the two phases are mixed by stirring and by synthesis gas and olefin, if gaseous, flows through.
  • the separation of the educt product mixture from the catalyst system is carried out by phase separation.
  • the separated organic phase is worked up by distillation.
  • the rhodium-containing catalyst system is homogeneously dissolved in an organic phase. Synthesis gas and feed olefin are introduced into this phase.
  • the reaction mixture withdrawn from the reactor is separated by distillation or membrane separation in a product-Eduktphase and a high-boiling phase containing the rhodium-containing catalyst system dissolved.
  • the rhodium-containing catalyst system containing phase is returned to the reactor, the other phase is worked up by distillation.
  • the aldehydes formed may be carried out of the reactor with excess synthesis gas leaving the catalyst system in the reactor.
  • this variant is economical only in the hydroformylation of olefins having a maximum of 5 carbon atoms. Hydroformylation produces high boilers; for the most part, it is Aldoladditions- or Aldolkondensations consist from the aldehydes formed.
  • This substream contains rhodium compounds. To keep the rhodium losses small, rhodium must be recovered from this effluent stream.
  • rhodium separation from such streams is not complete and expensive. Further rhodium losses occur through clustering of rhodium. These rhodium clusters are deposited on device walls and possibly form alloys with the device materials. These amounts of rhodium are no longer catalytically active and can be recovered only after consuming the plant very expensive and partial.
  • raffinates such as raffinate I, raffinate II, raffinate III, crude butane.
  • hydrocarbon mixtures contain only a proportion of the ⁇ - or 1-olefins required for the hydroformylation, in addition to olefins having an internal double bond and also monounsaturated compounds, such as e.g. 1, 3-butadiene, saturated hydrocarbons and water.
  • catalyst poisons such as water, alcohols, formic acid, oxygen or peroxides in traces are always formed in a hydroformylation process or are technically unavoidable, e.g. by subsequent reactions of the aldehydes, such as
  • Secondary and degradative reactions may be, for example, hydrolysis, alcoholysis, transesterification, Arbusov rearrangement, P-O bond cleavage and P-C bond cleavage
  • P. W.N.M. van Leeuwen in Rhodium Catalyzed Hydroformylation, P.W.N.M., van Leeuwen, C. Claver (ed.), Kluwer, Dordrecht, 2000; Ramirez, S.B. Bhatia, C.P. Smith, Tetrahedron 1967, 23, 2067-2080; E. Billig, A.G. Abatjoglou, D.R. Bryant, R.E. Murray, J.M. Mower, (Union Carbide Corporation), US Pat.
  • Ligand deactivation and degradation can take place not only during the actual reaction process but also in the subsequent steps of product separation and catalyst recycling, e.g. B. by thermal stress.
  • ligands and optionally also the corresponding transition metal are regularly added in all industrially continuous hydroformylation processes which are operated in a homogeneous phase in order to avoid desired to maintain activity and selectivity over a long period of time.
  • olefins having 4 to 10 carbon atoms with internal double bond can be hydroformylated in high selectivity to aldehydes unbranched in the 2-position, when the hydroformylation is carried out in the gas phase with a Sl LP catalyst system comprising rhodium, organophosphite Ligands and at least one organic amine.
  • composition comprising:
  • the inert, porous carrier material selected from the group comprising aluminum oxide, silica, titania, zirconia, silicon carbide, carbon, mixtures of these components.
  • the inert, porous support material has the following parameters:
  • c) mean pore diameter of 2 - 50 nm.
  • the inert, porous carrier material is selected from the group comprising:
  • Sponge materials porous phosphates, porous polymers, polymer foams, metal foams, organometallic frameworks, porous nitrides, porous oxynitrides, silicate-based aerogels.
  • porous phosphates as an inert, porous support material for the composition of the present invention, aluminum phosphates, structurally modified silicoaluminophosphates, such as e.g. SAPO-34, find use.
  • porous nitrides or the porous oxynitrides as an inert, porous support material for the composition of the present invention, silicon nitride, boron nitride, carbon nitride, organometallic skeletons may be used.
  • mesoporous materials as an inert, porous carrier material for the composition according to the invention, it is possible to use, for example, MCM-41, MCM-48, SBA-15 sheet silicates or else silicates produced by flame hydrolysis.
  • microporous materials as an inert, porous support material for the composition according to the invention, for example, zeolites or aluminosilicates can be used.
  • zeolites or aluminosilicates can be used.
  • the thus-available, inert, porous support materials for the composition according to the invention are suitable for, after subsequent covering with i) an ionic liquid,
  • hydroformylation in a slurry variant of the process according to the invention e.g. in the presence of a 2-phase gas-liquid reaction mixture, or as a fluidized-bed variant of the process according to the invention, such as, for example, in a single-phase reaction mixture.
  • the above-described, inert, porous support material with the addition of a binder is subjected to a shaping process, as they are well known in the art.
  • Suitable binders in addition to clays, ceramic clays, colloids, for example, aluminosilicates, pyrogenic aluminosilicates or amorphous zeolites can be used.
  • the inert porous support materials modified in this way are used in a form in which they provide a low flow resistance, such as in the form of granules, pellets or moldings, such as granules. Tablets, cylinders, spheres, extruded extrudates or rings.
  • a dry binder as mentioned above together with temporary auxiliaries, such as, for example, water, aqueous solutions, water substitutes, such as, for example, glycols, polyglycols and more Fixatives, such as cellulose ethers, intensively mixed.
  • temporary auxiliaries such as, for example, water, aqueous solutions, water substitutes, such as, for example, glycols, polyglycols and more Fixatives, such as cellulose ethers, intensively mixed.
  • temporary auxiliaries such as, for example, water, aqueous solutions, water substitutes, such as, for example, glycols, polyglycols and more Fixatives, such as cellulose ethers, intensively mixed.
  • This process can be done eg in a kneader.
  • a molding process such as pelleting, extrusion or dry pressing, the molded products for the fixed bed Reactor produced.
  • the moldings Prior to installation, the moldings are calcined in a temperature range of
  • composition of the invention is characterized by selecting from the inert, porous support material, such as silica, using an additional binder selected from the group consisting of:
  • Moldings in different spatial form selected from the group comprising:
  • composition according to the invention is characterized in that compounds are used as the ionic liquid, wherein the anion is selected from the group comprising:
  • cation is selected from the group comprising:
  • imidazole nucleus can be substituted by at least one group R selected from C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 -substituted aminoalkyl, C 5 -C 12 -substituted aryl or C 5 -cycloalkyl C12-substituted aryl-C1-C6-alkyl groups;
  • pyridine nucleus may be substituted with at least one group R selected from C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 substituted aminoalkyl, C 5 -C 12 substituted aryl or C 5, C12-substituted aryl-C1-C6-alkyl groups;
  • pyrazole nucleus may be substituted with at least one group R selected from C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 -substituted aminoalkyl, C 5 -C 12 -substituted aryl or C 5 -cycloalkyl C12-substituted aryl-C1-C6-alkyl groups;
  • the triazole nucleus may be substituted with at least one group R selected from C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 -substituted aminoalkyl, C 5 -C 12 -substituted aryl or C 5 -cycloalkyl C12-substituted aryl-C1-C6-alkyl groups,
  • R1, R2, R3 are independently selected from the group consisting of:
  • Heteroaryl, heteroaryl-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl groups having 3 to 8 carbon atoms in the heteroaryl radical and at least one heteroatom selected from N, O and S, which is substituted by at least one group selected from C 1 -C 6 -alkyl groups and / or halogen atoms could be;
  • composition according to the invention is characterized in that the ionic liquid is selected from the group comprising:
  • composition according to the invention is characterized in that the metal selected from the ninth group of the Periodic Table of the Elements is rhodium.
  • the organic amine OA is selected from the group comprising:
  • Ra H Rf X wherein Ra, Rb, Rc, Rd, Re and Rf are identical or different hydrocarbon radicals, which may also be interconnected.
  • a tertiary amine selected from the group of aliphatic, aromatic, cycloaliphatic, heteroaromatic amines, or combinations thereof.
  • composition according to the invention is characterized in that the organic amine OA comprises at least one compound having a 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine unit according to the formula XI:
  • R represents an organic radical, hydrogen, a hydroxyl group or a halogen.
  • the organic radical R in the structure of the formula XI can also be an organic radical bonded via a heteroatom, for example an oxygen atom, to the 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine structural unit.
  • the organic radical may have polymeric structures or be an organic radical having 1 to 50 carbon atoms and optionally heteroatoms.
  • the organic radical particularly preferably has carbonyl groups, such as keto, ester or acid amide groups.
  • the organic, optionally heteroatom-containing radical may be in particular a substituted or unsubstituted, aliphatic, alicyclic, aliphatic-alicyclic, heterocyclic, aliphatic-heterocyclic, aromatic, aromatic-aromatic or aliphatic-aromatic hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, wherein the substituted hydrocarbon radicals substituents selected from primary, secondary or tertiary alkyl groups, alicyclic groups, aromatic groups, -N (R1) 2, -NHR1, -NH2, fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, -CN, -C (O) -R1, -C (0) H or -C (O) O-R1, -CF3, -O-R1, -C (O) N-R1, -OC (O) R1 and / or -Si (R1) 3, same as R1 a monovalent, preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms having hydrocarbon radical may have.
  • hydrocarbon radicals R1 may be the same or different.
  • the substituents are preferably limited to those which have no influence on the reaction itself.
  • Particularly preferred substituents can be selected from the halogens, such as. As chlorine, bromine, iodine, the alkyl radicals, such as.
  • -OC (0) R1 or -C (0) R1 such as acetyl, propionyl, trimethylacetoxy, triethylacetoxy or triphenylacetoxy
  • the three carbon radicals have silyl radicals -Si (R1) 3, such as. B. trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl or triphenylsilyl.
  • radicals R those which contain a 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine radical and optionally a further -N (R1) 2, -NHR1 and / or -NH2 group or the mixtures.
  • composition of the invention as a catalytically active composition.
  • Another object of the present invention is a process for the hydroformylation of olefin-containing hydrocarbon mixtures to aldehydes with the addition of the inventive composition as a catalytically active composition, wherein:
  • the water content of the olefin-containing hydrocarbon mixture is set to a maximum of 20 ppm
  • the content of polyunsaturated compounds of the olefin-containing hydrocarbon mixture is set to a maximum of 3000 ppm
  • reaction temperature of the process according to the invention is carried out in a particular embodiment in a range from 60 ° to 150 ° C., in particular from 70 ° to 140 ° C., particularly preferably from 80 ° to 120 ° C.
  • reaction pressure of the process according to the invention in a particular embodiment this is in a range from 0.01 to 6.0 MPa absolute, in particular from 0.5 to 5.0 MPa absolute, particularly preferably from 1.0 to 2.5 MPa performed absolutely.
  • a particular embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that the reaction mixture is periodically subjected to a stripping gas for the expulsion of the aldehydes.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention is characterized in that the stripping gas is selected from the group comprising: a) mixtures of carbon monoxide and hydrogen;
  • a further, particularly preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention is characterized in that after completion of the reaction, part of the gaseous reaction mixture is returned to the reaction zone.
  • a further, particularly preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention is characterized in that the olefin-containing hydrocarbon mixture is selected from the group comprising:
  • Another object of the present invention is a process for the preparation of aldehydes having 5 to 1 1 carbon atoms with a small proportion of branched in the 2-position isomers by hydroformylation of olefins having 4 to 10 carbon atoms with internal double bond with the addition of the composition of the invention as a catalytically active composition ,
  • the invention provides a process for the preparation of n-pentanal from 2-butene-containing mixtures.
  • the present invention has the following advantages over conventional methods:
  • Silica as an inert, porous support material is heated for calcination or thermal pretreatment for 24 h at 450 ° C followed by another 24 h under vacuum at 200 Pa followed. Thereafter, the silica is stored under an argon atmosphere.
  • 0.052 g or 0.2 mmol of rhodium Dicarbonylacetylacetonat - in short Rh (acac) (CO) 2 - are dissolved in about 50 ml CH 2 Cl 2 and stirred for 10 min. Subsequently, 2 mmol of each used phosphorus-containing organic Ligand L of formula VII, VIII or IX added with stirring.
  • a loading degree ⁇ is set such that it assumes a value of 0, 1 or 10 vol .-%.
  • a degree of loading ⁇ is the ratio of the volume of the ionic liquid IL used in each case to the pore volume of the carrier material used in each case.
  • the previously indicated value of the loading degree ⁇ of 0, 1 or 10% by volume has been determined from preliminary experiments. It represents an optimum with regard to the catalytic activity-typically indicated as TOF or turn-over frequency in h -1 -and the retention of the particular transition metal-containing complex compounds used on the inert, porous support material.
  • the Sl LP catalyst system is preformed for 24 h at 100 ° C., 1. 0 MPa and a synthesis gas stream - a mixture of CO and H 2 in the ratio 1: 100 Nml / min.
  • a continuous gas-phase apparatus consisting of dosing unit, evaporator unit, mixer, reaction section and condensation section is used for the hydroformylation reaction.
  • the residence time of the reaction gas at the catalyst bed is about 12.5 s.
  • Aldehyde n-pentane al + 3MB A + 2MB A + pivalaldehyde
  • Example 1 Sl LP catalyst system having the following composition (0.052 g Rh (acac) (CO) 2 , 1, 57 g VII, 3.85 g OA, 1, 5 g [EMIM] [NTf 2 ], 10 g of silica 100) were incorporated in the apparatus while maintaining the protective gas atmosphere and preformed as described. Subsequently, the reaction is started by connecting the Rohbutanstroms. Due to its origin as a process secondary stream, the C4-containing olefin mixture Rohbutan is up to a detection limit of 1 ppm as free of polyunsaturated hydrocarbon compounds such. B. 1, 3-butadiene, to look at. Residual contents of water are, as already stated in Example 3, reduced to a maximum of 20 ppm.
  • the selectivity to n-pentanal is indicated within the aldehydes formed.
  • the selectivity to n-pentanal is indicated within the aldehydes formed.
  • a phosphite ligand was first used in a SILP catalyst system.
  • the aim of the experiments was to achieve the highest possible activity and stability of the Sl LP catalyst system.
  • a selectivity problem is not to be expected with isobutene, since almost exclusively the terminal 3-methylbutyraldehyde - in short form 3-MBA - is formed due to the steric and electronic conditions.
  • the sterically bulky phosphite ligand L of formula IX, 2,4-di-t-Bu-triphenyl phosphite, has been used, which is known for high activity with respect to non-reactive alkenes.
  • volumetric flow isobutene 1, 8 - 3.5 ml min "
  • IL [EMIM] [NTf 2 ]).
  • volumetric flow isobutene 1.8-3.5 ml min "
  • m S i L p 3.0 g
  • m Rh 0.2%
  • L / Rh 10
  • IL [EMIM [[NTf 2 ]).
  • reaction pressure in experiment 7 was increased to 1.5 MPa. As a result, a turnover of 40% was achieved. This increase in conversion is attributable, on the one hand, to the longer residence time of 42 s and a higher activity of the catalyst at higher pressures.
  • the product enrichment in the degraded Sl LP catalyst system could be detected by gas chromatography after the experiment.
  • the SILP catalyst was washed several times with methanol and the combined solution was analyzed by gas chromatography, whereby 3-MBA was detected.
  • increasing the molar ratio of ligand to rhodium from 10: 1 to 20: 1 is insufficient to obtain a long-term stable SILP catalyst system in the hydroformylation of isobutene.
  • volumetric flow isobutene 1.7-8.8 ml min "
  • m S i L p 3.0 g
  • m Rh 0.2%
  • L / Rh 40
  • volumetric flow isobutene 1.7-8.8 ml min "
  • m S i L p 3.0 g
  • m Rh 0.2%
  • L / Rh 40
  • a, L 10% by volume
  • IL [EMIM [[NTf 2 ]).
  • the Guard Bed bed was placed in the fixed bed reactor prior to the Sl LP catalyst system and consisted of silica [Silica 100, Merck]. This was coated with 2,4-di-t-bis-triphenyl phosphite to trap water before it reaches the SILP catalyst system. For comparison, the experiment was carried out without Guard Bed.
  • volume isobutene 0.8 ml min -1
  • the deactivation rate is the same as in Experiment 8, which prevents this Guard Bed from preventing or delaying the loss of activity. It should be considered whether a different desiccant should be used as a guard bed, such as calcium fluoride, in order to completely eliminate the deactivation with H 2 0 can.
  • a different desiccant such as calcium fluoride
  • volumetric flow isobutene 0.82 ml min -1
  • organic amines - in short form OA - were used in the Sl LP catalyst system according to Example 1 for the first time.
  • the organic amine OA used such as, for example, bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate, prevents or delays inter alia the hydrolytic decomposition of the ligand.
  • volumetric flow isobutene 0.7-3.3 ml min -1
  • m S i L p 3.0 g
  • m Rh 0.2 %
  • L / Rh 10
  • OA / L 4
  • IL [EMIM] [NTf 2 ]).
  • Figure 1 1 shows the total runtime of propene hydroformylation with ligand VIII in the SILP catalyst system.
  • different parameters have been varied. It can be seen that during the 170 hours, the SILP catalyst system does not lose activity and, given the same reference conditions, yields 1 identical conversion.
  • the selectivity to the linear butanal is constantly above 98%.
  • the GHSV are at a maximum of 25.94 cc "1 h " 1 , the RZA at 0.52 cglkat "1 h " 1 and the TOF at 2982 h "1. The maximum conversion is at 48.3%.
  • Figure 12 shows the long-term stability test series of propene hydroformylation with the ligand of the formula VII in the SILP catalyst system.
  • Figure 12 corresponds to Figure 12
  • volumetric flow rate 2.3 - 2.8 ml min "1
  • Figure 13 corresponds to Figure 13
  • L / Rh 10
  • OA / L 4, a
  • L 10% by volume
  • IL [EMIM] [NTf 2 ]).
  • Figure 13 shows the entire course (215 h) of ethene hydroformylation using the ligand of formula VIII in the SILP catalyst system already tested in propene hydroformylation for 170 h.
  • temperature, residence time and pressure or partial pressures were varied to determine the formal kinetics of the catalyst with ethene. Due to the recurrent adjustment of the reference conditions 1 and the constant conversion, a deactivation of the catalyst after a total of 380 h was excluded.
  • the GHSV are at a maximum of 28.5 llkat-1 h-1, the RZA at 0.42 kglkat-1 h-1 and the TOF at 3600 h-1.
  • the maximum constant turnover is 84.4%.
  • Figure 14 shows the long-term stability test series of ethene hydroformylation with the ligand of formula VII in the SILP catalyst system.
  • Figure 14 corresponds to Figure 14
  • Figure 17 corresponds to Figure 17
  • the activity profile in Figure 17 shows a loss of activity within the 80 h experimental runtime for all three temperatures.
  • the deactivation rate increases with higher temperature.
  • the SILP catalyst system reaches after a short
  • Activation phase a stable plateau, especially at 80 ° C and 90 ° C. Thereafter, the activity increases to a maximum.
  • the selectivity to n-pentanal is stable over 98% until the maximum activity is reached. Subsequently, the selectivity drops slightly.
  • the resulting branched aldehydes are 2-methylbutyraldehyde (2-MBA) and 3-methylbutyraldehyde (3-MBA), depending on the conversion of isobutene (3-MBA) or 2-butenes (2-MBA) in raffinate I.
  • the maximum conversion 25% at 100 ° C, 18% at 90 ° C and 14% at 80 ° C reached the butene fraction.
  • the butane fraction of raffinate I is considered inert and is not taken into account in the calculation of the conversion.
  • Figure 18 corresponds to Figure 18
  • the course shows a clear stabilization of the catalyst system by using the amine OA.
  • Figure 20 shows the hydroformylation of dried raffinate I using an increased OA / ligand ratio of 4.
  • the total pressure was varied between 1, 0 and 2.5 MPa.
  • the reactor temperature was between 100 ° C and 120 ° C.
  • Table 8 different parameters, especially temperature, pressure and the partial pressure of raffinate I have been optimized.
  • the residence time was between 22 s and 28 s.
  • Figure 21 corresponds to Figure 21
  • Figure 21 shows the mass flow of raffinate I against the RZA and the TOF, respectively. It can be seen that with increasing mass flow of raffinate I, the TOF and RZA increase linearly. Even at moderate mass flows of raffinate I, the Sl LP catalyst system achieves classic results of a homogeneous catalyst in hydroformylation. High productivity of this system is consequently given for industrial application.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne une composition comprenant : a) un matériau support inerte poreux, b) un liquide ionique, c) un métal du groupe 9 de la classification périodique des éléments, d) un ligand organophosphoré, e) au moins une amine organique. L'invention concerne également un procédé d'hydroformylation de mélanges d'hydrocarbures contenant des oléfines pour former des aldéhydes, dans lequel la composition de l'invention est ajoutée en tant que composition catalytiquement active. Dans ce procédé : a) la teneur en eau du mélange d'hydrocarbures contenant des oléfines est ajustée à un maximum de 20 ppm, b) la teneur en composés polyinsaturés du mélange d'hydrocarbures contenant des oléfines est ajustée à un maximum de 3000 ppm, c) le rapport molaire des amines organiques selon les revendications 10-13 sur le ligand organophosphoré selon les revendications 8-9 est ajusté à une valeur d'au moins 4:1, d) le rapport molaire du ligand organophosphoré selon les revendications 8-9 sur le rhodium est ajusté à une valeur d'au moins 10:1.
EP11771052.5A 2010-09-30 2011-09-27 Utilisation de systèmes de catalyseurs silp (supported ionic liquid phase) dans l'hydroformylation de mélanges contenant des oléfines pour former des mélanges d'aldéhydes présentant une teneur élevée en aldéhydes non ramifiés en position 2 Withdrawn EP2621628A1 (fr)

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DE102010041821A DE102010041821A1 (de) 2010-09-30 2010-09-30 Einsatz von Supported Ionic Liquid Phase (SILP) Katalysatorsystemen in der Hydroformylierung von olefinhaltigen Gemischen zu Aldehydgemischen mit hohem Anteil von in 2-Stellung unverzweigten Aldehyden
PCT/EP2011/066760 WO2012041846A1 (fr) 2010-09-30 2011-09-27 Utilisation de systèmes de catalyseurs silp (supported ionic liquid phase) dans l'hydroformylation de mélanges contenant des oléfines pour former des mélanges d'aldéhydes présentant une teneur élevée en aldéhydes non ramifiés en position 2

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BR112013007229A2 (pt) 2016-06-14
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