EP2586923A2 - Gebäude mit eingebauter Entwässerung - Google Patents

Gebäude mit eingebauter Entwässerung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2586923A2
EP2586923A2 EP12250165.3A EP12250165A EP2586923A2 EP 2586923 A2 EP2586923 A2 EP 2586923A2 EP 12250165 A EP12250165 A EP 12250165A EP 2586923 A2 EP2586923 A2 EP 2586923A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
building
beams
floor
drains
longitudinal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP12250165.3A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2586923A3 (de
Inventor
David William Frederick Pope
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bourne Engineering Ltd
Original Assignee
Bourne Engineering Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bourne Engineering Ltd filed Critical Bourne Engineering Ltd
Publication of EP2586923A2 publication Critical patent/EP2586923A2/de
Publication of EP2586923A3 publication Critical patent/EP2586923A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
    • E04B5/12—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units with wooden beams
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H6/00—Buildings for parking cars, rolling-stock, aircraft, vessels or like vehicles, e.g. garages
    • E04H6/08—Garages for many vehicles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03C—DOMESTIC PLUMBING INSTALLATIONS FOR FRESH WATER OR WASTE WATER; SINKS
    • E03C1/00—Domestic plumbing installations for fresh water or waste water; Sinks
    • E03C1/12—Plumbing installations for waste water; Basins or fountains connected thereto; Sinks
    • E03C1/122—Pipe-line systems for waste water in building

Definitions

  • This invention concerns buildings having a plurality of floors, particularly but not necessarily exclusively multi-storey car parks (also known as parking structures or parking garages) and mezzanine structures with built-in drainage.
  • Multi-storey car parks and like structures commonly comprise a rectilinear framework carrying a plurality of substantially horizontal decking units put together to form individual floors, with ramps providing access from one floor to another.
  • the framework is of steel and/or concrete and the decking units conventionally comprise concrete slabs precast or cast in situ. Care is needed to prevent water and materials such as oil, fuel and salts contained in it from penetrating joints between decking units (to cause corrosion) and leaking through the joints (to damage vehicles parked on lower floors). To this end the joints are usually sealed and the deck assembly may be covered with a waterproof membrane.
  • seals and membranes have a limited ability to cope with structural movements and thermal changes, and as a result cracks often appear in the vicinity of joints.
  • JP7166731 (Wakamoto ) concerns an upper floor of a (typically) two-storey parking lot.
  • the floor is formed of modular flooring panels laid on horizontal H-section beams which are in turn supported by vertical columns.
  • Each flooring panel has a facing plate secured to a frame comprising side pieces with stiffening members between them.
  • the facing plate is somewhat shorter than the frame in both length and thickness so that there are gaps between the facing plates at both the ends and the sides when the flooring panels are laid in place.
  • the side pieces of adjacent flooring panels are spaced apart and connected together by means of the connector which is cut away to provide a channel-shaped seat for a longitudinally extending gutter in the space between the sides of adjacent flooring panels.
  • both the gutter and the drain are located between and secured to the flooring panels.
  • a building comprising a floor elevated on a framework having a plurality of vertical columns spaced apart longitudinally and laterally in a regular array and a plurality of longitudinal and lateral beams secured to the columns and extending horizontally therebetween, wherein the floor comprises a plurality of flooring panels carried by the beams and each having first sides and second sides and being laid to form the floor with first sides separated by longitudinal gaps extending in a first direction and second sides separated by lateral gaps extending in a second direction, a plurality of longitudinal drains, a plurality of lateral drains and interconnection means connecting the longitudinal drains to the lateral drains, whereby liquid is drained from the floor, characterised in that the longitudinal and lateral drains are respectively carried by the longitudinal and lateral beams to extend along and under the gaps, below and not secured to the flooring panels.
  • the invention provides a substantial improvement over previously known arrangements for drainage in multi-storey car parks and the like, because the flooring panels may be lifted for repair or replacement or for under-floor access without having to disconnect or dismantle any drainage.
  • prior arrangements in which - as expressly stated in Kimura, for instance - it is necessary to lift a plurality of flooring panels whenever repair or servicing is required.
  • it is necessary to reconnect or reconstruct the drainage after lifting a flooring element it is necessary to reconnect or reconstruct the drainage after lifting a flooring element, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that reconnection or reconstruction of drainage often results in leaks.
  • the invention allows the form of the flooring elements to be simpler and therefore cheaper.
  • the first and second sides of the flooring panels are preferably mutually orthogonal.
  • each gap between flooring panels is narrower than the drain under it.
  • the interconnection means may be carried by at least some of the columns and comprise a drainage collar and a downpipe extending down the carrying columns.
  • At least some of said beams may be formed with a convex surface to which the flooring panels are secured, whereby the flooring panels are cambered to facilitate drainage of water towards sides thereof.
  • the flooring panels and the beams be formed of engineered wood.
  • the longitudinal drains may be formed of a rigid material and configured and arranged to resist a load upon the overlying flooring panels, and the lateral drains may be formed of a resilient material and configured and resiliently engaged with the overlying flooring panels so as to provide a water-resistant seal therewith.
  • the building may comprise a multi-storey car park having a plurality of said floors with the drains configured and arranged to prevent liquid falling from one floor to a floor below.
  • a car park may also comprise one or more ramps for cars to pass from one floor to another, with the or each ramp comprising a plurality of ramp panels laid with gaps between their sides and drains underlying said gaps.
  • Each flooring panel is so dimensioned as to provide an integral number of car parking bays of a standard size according to local regulations.
  • Each flooring panel may include utility services interconnectable between adjacent panels.
  • a method of constructing a building from a modular construction system as above characterised in that said method comprises positioning the columns vertically and spaced apart longitudinally and laterally in a rectilinear array, securing the beams to the columns to form a rectangular framework, securing the flooring panels to the beams with their sides spaced apart to form gaps, and securing the drains to the beams to extending along and under the gaps to drain liquid from the floor.
  • FIGS 1 to 4 show a building indicated generally at 10 constructed on a rectilinear grid indicated by longitudinal grid lines 1 to 6 and lateral grid lines A to E.
  • the lateral grid lines 1 to 6 are spaced apart by 4000 mm and the longitudinal grid lines A to E are spaced apart by 2400 mm.
  • the minimum standard size recommended by local authorities is 4800mm long by 2400mm wide, but it will be understood that the invention may accommodate different sizes, for instance where other countries have different recommendations).
  • the building 10 has an elevated floor 12 accessed by a ramp 14.
  • the floor 12 comprises a plurality of rectangular flooring panels 12a to 12h - to be described in more detail hereinafter - carried on columns 16 positioned at selected intersections of the grid lines, ie in the illustrative building 10 at grid points A1, A3, A5, A6, C1, C3, E1 and E3.
  • the columns 16 are standard H-section steel columns of the kind known as universal columns UC 254x254x73, although it will be understood that other columns may be used.
  • the ramp 14 comprises a plurality of ramp flooring panels 14a to 14d supported between shear walls 18 of engineered wood (in the present embodiment, although other possible arrangements will be evident to those skilled in the art) and is completed at its lower end by a concrete approach 15 formed in situ.
  • the floor 12 is bounded by a crash barrier 20.
  • the floor 12 is secured to longitudinal beams 22 and lateral beams 24 extending between and secured to the columns 16.
  • the beams 22 and 24 are formed of glued laminated timber, commonly known as glulam, although beams of different engineered wood or other materials may be used.
  • the longitudinal beams 22 are 690x240 glulam GL32c beams and the lateral beams 24 are 600x200 glulam GL24c beams.
  • the building 10 is illustrative of the invention.
  • the building may be (a) extended both longitudinally and laterally in modular fashion to accommodate multiple parking bays on a floor 12 and (b) extended vertically - eg to form a multi-storey car park - by the addition of more floors, and additional access ramps arranged in a fashion that will be understood by those skilled in the art.
  • a building of the general form shown in Figure 1 may have lateral grid lines spaced apart by 16000 mm rather than the 8000 mm of the illustrative building 10.
  • a building of the general form shown in Figure 1 but extended vertically as for use as a multi-storey car park may have columns of different size or configuration.
  • the longitudinal and lateral beams of the building 10 may be differently dimensioned or of some material other than glulam (or even, in some arrangements, be omitted altogether, as will be explained later herein). And other features of the building 10 may also be varied.
  • a flitch plate 28 is secured in the proximal end of each beam 22, 24 by gluing and bolting in well-known fashion.
  • Four orthogonally arranged fin plates 30, one corresponding to each flitch plate 28, are welded to the column 16. Then the flitch plates 28 are bolted to the corresponding fin plates 30.
  • the beams 22,24 are centred with respect to the grid lines 1 to 6 and A to E.
  • the fin plates 30 for the longitudinal beams 22 are centred with respect to the longitudinal grid lines 1 to 6 and the fin plates for the lateral beams 24 are offset.
  • the beams 22, 24 are secured to columns 16 at the edge of the grid in similar fashion, but with only a three-way connection rather than a four-way connection.
  • the longitudinal beam 22 and lateral beams 24 also intersect away from the columns 16, ie in the illustrative building 10 at grid points A4, A2, C2 and E2.
  • the way in which they are connected together at grid point C2 can be seen in Figure 7 .
  • the longitudinal beams 22 terminate at grid points such as C2 whereas the lateral beams 24 are continuous therethrough.
  • a flitch plate 32 is secured in the proximal end of each longitudinal beam 22 by gluing and bolting in well-known fashion.
  • Two welded steel tees 34 are bolted to the lateral beam 24 on the sides thereof which face the terminal ends of the longitudinal beams 22.
  • the flitch plates 32 are bolted to the corresponding tees 34.
  • the beams 22 and 24 are connected together at grid points on the edge of the grid in similar fashion, but with only a single tee (on the appropriate side) rather than two.
  • the floor 12 is made up of a plurality of rectangular flooring panels 12a to 12h secured to the longitudinal and lateral beams 22, 24.
  • most of these flooring panels are nominally 8000 mm long (ie in the longitudinal direction) and 2400 mm wide (ie in the lateral direction), corresponding to the dimensions of the grid, although the panels 12a and 12b at the top of the ramp 14 have a nominal length of only 4000 mm. It will be understood however that the invention is not limited to such dimensions; and for use as a car park, for instance, the flooring panels may be 16000 mm long or otherwise configured to fit a selected grid pattern.
  • the flooring panels 12a to 12h are all of similar construction, illustrated by Figures 11 and 12 .
  • Each comprises a frame 36 of 47x185 mm timber comprising a pair of side pieces 38 (which in use extend longitudinally) bridged by a plurality of transverse joists 40 secured at their ends to the side pieces 38.
  • a sheet 42 of 30 mm timber ply is secured to the upper face of the frame 36 to provide a deck.
  • a sheet 44 of 15 mm fire board is secured to the under face of the frame 36 to provide a soffit.
  • the flooring panels 12a to 12h are not laid tightly side to side but rather are laid (and appropriately dimensioned) with gaps between them both longitudinally and laterally as will be described in more detail later herein.
  • the ramp flooring panels 14a to 14d have a construction generally similar to that of the flooring panels 12a to 12h but with certain differences of detail that will also be described later herein.
  • the floors of multi-storey car parks get wet, particular from rainfall and blown-in rain, and this water needs to be drained away to avoid damage to the structure and hazards such as ice formation.
  • cars in the car park may drop fluids such as fuel and oil which is damaging to car bodywork, and such fluids also needs to be drained away along with the water, to avoid damage to cars parked on lower floors.
  • the illustrative building 10 is furnished with comprehensive drainage extending along and under the aforementioned gaps between the flooring panels. As shown in Figure 13 this drainage comprises both longitudinal drainage elements 50 and lateral drainage elements 52, and in addition lateral gutters 54 under the ramp 14 ( Figure 1 ) which will be described separately.
  • longitudinal drainage elements 50 extend along tops of the longitudinal beams 22 and lateral drainage elements 52 extend along tops of the lateral beams 24, and at columns 16 they are coupled to a generally rectangular drainage collar 55 formed in two-parts from galvanised steel. (Other materials may be used).
  • the drainage collar 55 extends around the column 16. (It is formed in two parts to avoid having to fit it by sliding it down the column 16). On two opposed sides the drainage collar 55 is cut away to receive proximal ends of the two adjacent longitudinal drainage elements 50, which are formed of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber. On its other two opposed sides the drainage collar 55 is cut away to receive proximal ends of the two adjacent lateral drainage elements 52, which are formed of precast concrete. On these two sides, and within the H-section of the column 16, the drainage collar 55 is coupled to two down pipes 56 ( Figure 14 ) whereby water and other liquid is carried away. It will be understood that in a multi-storey building a down pipe 56 may discharge into a drainage collar 55 below it. It will also be understood that the down pipe(s) may be replaced by other arrangements: for instance the column 16 itself may be formed to channel liquid downward.
  • the down pipe(s) may be replaced by other arrangements: for instance the column 16 itself may be formed to channel liquid downward.
  • EPDM rubber is a resilient material and its use to form the longitudinal drainage elements 50 serves two purposes as follows. First, when the flooring panels 12a etc are secured to the longitudinal beams 22 the longitudinal drainage elements 50 are compressed and thereby form seals, beneath the flooring panels, to prevent leakage of drained liquids. And second the EPDM drainage elements conform to the upper faces of the longitudinal beams 22, which are cambered to facilitate drainage. (The flooring panels 12a etc, as previously described, extending longitudinally and with lateral joists, similarly conform to the camber when secured to the longitudinal beams 22. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the provision of a camber is advantageous in comparison with the conventional provision of a sloping floor, typically with a fall of 1 in 60, which creates constructional problems by creating different levels at different mounting points).
  • Precast concrete is a rigid material and thus the lateral drainage elements 52 resist deformation of the flooring panels 12a etc above them, so that cars are safely carried.
  • the intersection between longitudinal and lateral drainage elements is illustrated by Figure 16 .
  • the (rigid) lateral drainage element 52 includes a mid-section 52a recessed to receive the (resiliently deformable) longitudinal drainage element 50.
  • Figure 17 shows a cross section through a lateral beam 24, looking towards a column 16 at a central grid point C3.
  • Timber bearers 60 extending along the length of the longitudinal beams 22 and parallel to their upper faces are secured to the beams 22 and screwed to joists 40 (see also Figure 11 ) of overlying adjacent flooring panels 12e and 12f, which are thereby supported by and secured to the longitudinal beams 22.
  • the flooring panels 12e, 12f are separated by a gap 62, which extends laterally along the line of the beam 24.
  • the width d of the gap 62 is 10 mm.
  • the precast concrete drainage element 50 is carried by the lateral beam 24 and extends along and under the gap 62 to receive liquid draining through it.
  • the drainage element 50 is formed with a lengthways channel 50a and an upwardly extending neck portion bridging the gap 62 and engaged on each side thereof with the underside of the deck sheets 42 of the flooring panels 12c and 12e.
  • liquid draining through the gap 62 discharges into and is carried away by the channel 50a.
  • the drainage element 50 is little narrower than the nominal 200 mm width of the lateral beam 24 which carries it, and the channel 50a occupies a substantial part of its cross section.
  • Figure 17 also shows bolts 64 whereby the flitch plates 28 are secured within the ends of the longitudinal beams 22 (the uppermost of which bolts 64 are countersunk) and the bolts 66 whereby the flitch plates 28 are in turn secured to the fin plates30, as described above with reference to Figure 6 .
  • Figure 18 shows a cross section through a longitudinal beam 22 supporting two adjacent flooring panels 12h and 12f by means of timber bearers 60 screwed to the joists 40.
  • the soffits 44 (see also Figure 12 ) terminate just short of the bearers 60 and (although not shown in Figure 18 ) there are bearing pads between the bearers 60 and the joists 40 to which they are screwed.
  • the drainage element 52 has a cross section comprising two walls compressed (by the screw connection between the bearers 60 and the joists 40) against the underside of the flooring deck sheets 42 to provide a watertight seal each side of the gap 68.
  • the width d of the gap 68 is 10 mm and the walls of the drainage element 52 have a widthways separation greater than this, although the overall width of the drainage element 52 is somewhat less than the nominal 200 mm width of the longitudinal beam 22 that carries it.
  • the drainage element 52 also comprises a lengthwise ridge between the walls which extends upwards within the gap 68 and divides the drainage element 52 into two channels.
  • the present invention offers particular benefit in providing effective drainage both longitudinally and laterally and that the key to its effectiveness lies in the gaps between flooring panels, which are left open to allow liquid on a floor to drain through and underlaid by coextensive drainage elements arranged to carry the liquid away.
  • this drainage arrangement saves time and cost, and eases construction management, because there is no need for specialists on site to apply seals to joints between flooring panels as is conventional. Further, ongoing maintenance costs are reduced because there are no sealed joints requiring repair.
  • the invention offers the benefit of near carbon-neutral construction.
  • the invention may be used in the construction of multi-storey car parks, where carbon-neutrality may be of particular interest in offsetting carbon emissions from cars.
  • the invention is not limited to the construction of car parks. It may, for instance, be used to construct a mezzanine floor in, say, a supermarket, to deal with spills without unduly inconveniencing customers.
  • the flooring panels themselves may be configured and arranged to be self-supporting between columns or the like.
  • the floor panels may conveniently include lines, pipes etc with standard connectors at the sides of the panels for assembling a network that does not require special fitting or commissioning, ie a network of the kind commonly known as "plug-and-play".
  • the flooring panels may also be pre-marked to indicate parking bays, traffic directions and so forth.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
  • Floor Finish (AREA)
EP12250165.3A 2011-10-28 2012-10-26 Gebäude mit eingebauter Entwässerung Withdrawn EP2586923A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1118746.5A GB2495993B (en) 2011-10-28 2011-10-28 A building with built-in drainage

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2586923A2 true EP2586923A2 (de) 2013-05-01
EP2586923A3 EP2586923A3 (de) 2016-05-25

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Family Applications (1)

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EP12250165.3A Withdrawn EP2586923A3 (de) 2011-10-28 2012-10-26 Gebäude mit eingebauter Entwässerung

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EP (1) EP2586923A3 (de)
GB (1) GB2495993B (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2020021170A1 (fr) * 2018-07-27 2020-01-30 Lcdp Parkings Parc de stationnement et procede associe
CN113846738A (zh) * 2021-10-08 2021-12-28 济南黄河路桥建设集团有限公司 一种地道底板排水防堵装置
US20220018153A1 (en) * 2020-07-17 2022-01-20 Granite Industries, Inc. Elevated flooring system for clearspan tent

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107217885B (zh) * 2016-06-02 2022-07-05 梁崇彦 一种四立柱内缩设置的两层停车设备

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH06136980A (ja) 1992-10-26 1994-05-17 Naigai Tekunika Kk 立体駐車場の屋根床版
JPH07166731A (ja) 1993-12-17 1995-06-27 Wakamoto Seisakusho:Kk 漏水防止機能を有する床板
US6397539B1 (en) 1999-08-09 2002-06-04 Kimura Corporation Flooring for a building
US20040020136A1 (en) 2002-07-31 2004-02-05 Hauck Robert F. Above-joist, integrated deck-gutter system
JP2005048555A (ja) 2003-07-31 2005-02-24 Mitsuo Sasaki 立体構築物のコンクリート床及び該床の形成方法並びに排水装置
JP2009030345A (ja) 2007-07-27 2009-02-12 Nippon Rittai Chushajo Kaihatsu Kk 組立式立体構築物

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL8401393A (nl) * 1984-05-02 1985-12-02 Houthandel V H T C Groot B V Werkwijze en inrichting voor het vervaardigen van een samengestelde voorgespannen houten balk.
JPH11293943A (ja) * 1998-04-03 1999-10-26 Kita Nippon Boiler Kk 降雪地用自走式屋外駐車場

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH06136980A (ja) 1992-10-26 1994-05-17 Naigai Tekunika Kk 立体駐車場の屋根床版
JPH07166731A (ja) 1993-12-17 1995-06-27 Wakamoto Seisakusho:Kk 漏水防止機能を有する床板
US6397539B1 (en) 1999-08-09 2002-06-04 Kimura Corporation Flooring for a building
US20040020136A1 (en) 2002-07-31 2004-02-05 Hauck Robert F. Above-joist, integrated deck-gutter system
JP2005048555A (ja) 2003-07-31 2005-02-24 Mitsuo Sasaki 立体構築物のコンクリート床及び該床の形成方法並びに排水装置
JP2009030345A (ja) 2007-07-27 2009-02-12 Nippon Rittai Chushajo Kaihatsu Kk 組立式立体構築物

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2020021170A1 (fr) * 2018-07-27 2020-01-30 Lcdp Parkings Parc de stationnement et procede associe
FR3084388A1 (fr) * 2018-07-27 2020-01-31 Romvos Company Parc de stationnement et procede associe
US20220018153A1 (en) * 2020-07-17 2022-01-20 Granite Industries, Inc. Elevated flooring system for clearspan tent
US11725413B2 (en) * 2020-07-17 2023-08-15 Granite Industries, Inc. Elevated flooring system for clearspan tent
CN113846738A (zh) * 2021-10-08 2021-12-28 济南黄河路桥建设集团有限公司 一种地道底板排水防堵装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB201118746D0 (en) 2011-12-14
EP2586923A3 (de) 2016-05-25
GB2495993B (en) 2013-12-04
GB2495993A (en) 2013-05-01

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