EP2582901A2

EP2582901A2 - Composite profiled section, and method for the production of a reinforcement element for a composite profiled section

Info

Publication number: EP2582901A2
Application number: EP11730601.9A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Erwin KRUMBÖCK; Leopold Weiermayer; Karl Gebesmaier
Original assignee: Greiner Tool Tec GmbH
Current assignee: Greiner Tool Tec GmbH
Priority date: 2010-06-21
Filing date: 2011-06-16
Publication date: 2013-04-24
Anticipated expiration: 2031-06-16
Also published as: ES2687179T3; HUE040160T2; RU2012156090A; DK2582901T3; WO2011161001A2; DE102010030310A1; PL2582901T3; EP2582901B1; SI2582901T1; PT2582901T; WO2011161001A3

Abstract

The invention relates to, inter alia, a composite profiled section, in particular for windows and doors, comprising an extruded plastic profiled section (10, 20) and at least one reinforcement element (1, 2, 4, 5) that is connected thereto in a largely shear-resistant manner. Said composite profiled section is characterized by at least one holding element (3) on the reinforcement element (1, 2, 4, 5) to form/establish an integral bond, frictional engagement, and/or a positive connection between the reinforcement element (1, 2, 4, 5) and the plastic profiled section (10, 20), said holding element (3) acting in both the transverse and the longitudinal direction of the reinforcement element (1, 2, 4, 5) on the plane of the reinforcement element (1, 2, 3, 4).

Description

The invention relates to a composite profile having the features of claim 1 and to a method for producing a composite profile

Reinforcing member for a composite profile having the features of claim 9. Plastic profiles are e.g. used as a plastic hollow profile as a frame material for KunstStofffenster, as

Flooring and for other applications. Thereby step

Plastic profiles in competition with metal profiles or wood profiles.

Plastic has a high design freedom and a shapely surface in the applications mentioned, whereby the plastic profile can be adjusted directly within wide limits to the intended use. Another advantage is the plastic-typical, low thermal conductivity, which in combination with the profile design with hollow chambers and partitions to a very good insulation, which is an important quality criterion especially for windows. However, the disadvantage is very much compared to metals

low modulus of elasticity, whereby plastic profiles do not have a very high bending stiffness. For applications where a higher static stability is required, in many cases a combination with a metal profile is performed, in which the metal profile is inserted into a hollow chamber of the plastic profile and optionally secured by screwing within the plastic profile against displacement and / or falling out. In plastic window profiles, this type of stiffening since the introduction of

Art fabric window technology applied. Widely used are, for example, U-shaped stiffening irons. A disadvantage is that due to the good thermal conductivity of the metal reinforcing profile, the hollow chamber in question makes almost no contribution to the thermal insulation, which now in the course Rising energy prices are increasingly recognizable as a lack.

In the case of plastic window profiles, there has been a long-standing effort to replace the conventional U-iron by incorporating flat reinforcing tapes of higher strength materials into the plastic profile, e.g. as an inner wall, increase. If these reinforcing bands are arranged "parallel to the plane of the glass", regardless of the thermal conductivity of the reinforcement, the thermal insulation value which is "perpendicular to the

Glass level "should be as high as possible, not negative

influenced.

DE 10 2008 008343 AI describes such a method and plastic profile, in which the reinforcing strips consist of a glass fiber reinforced, thermoplastic material. However, since the modulus of elasticity of the plastic in question is far from that of metals (e.g.

Aluminum is approaching, the reinforcing effect is much lower than due to a conventional stiffening iron.

DE 19933099 AI relates to the extruding u.a. of metallic reinforcing ribbons, creating a higher

Effectiveness is given in static terms. A disadvantage of this design is the special edge formation of the strips, which is intended to prevent displacement of the strips relative to the plastic profile when the plastic profile is subjected to bending. Here, a punching of the two edges is proposed, wherein the punches must correspond exactly to each other in the sense that a gap on one side leads to a tooth on the other side.

The aim of the invention is to make the molding of differently shaped reinforcing elements in the plastic profile so that with little effort, the shear-resistant

Connection against the plastic profile can be ensured. The object is achieved by a composite profile, in particular for windows and doors, with an extruded

Plastic profile and at least one with this largely shear-resistant reinforcing element. It is

at least one holding element on the reinforcing element for producing a material, friction and / or positive connection between the reinforcing element and the plastic profile, wherein the holding element simultaneously acts transversely and longitudinally to the reinforcing element.

The object is further achieved by a method having the features of claim 9.

Advantageous embodiments are objects of

Dependent claims.

Various embodiments of the invention are disclosed in US Pat

Connection with the following drawings exemplified, showing

Fig. 1 sectional views of two embodiments of

Plastic profiles with reinforcing elements;

Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a plastic profile with two reinforcing elements made of wood;

3 shows a sectional view through a frame profile with a wooden strip as reinforcing element; 4 shows a perspective partial view of an edge region of a knurled and / or embossed reinforcing element;

5 shows a perspective partial view of an edge region of a reinforcing element with a sawtooth structure as a holding element;

Fig. 6 is an enlarged view of the sawtooth structure of Fig. 5; 7 shows a perspective partial view of an edge region of a reinforcing element with deformed segments as a holding element; Fig. 8 is an enlarged view of the structure of Fig. 7;

9 shows a perspective partial view of an edge region of a reinforcing element with a wave structure as a holding element;

10 is a partial perspective view of an edge region of a reinforcing element with a longitudinal bead as

Retaining element; 11 is a partial perspective view of an edge region of a reinforcing element with a tooth structure as

Retaining element;

12 shows a perspective partial view of an edge region of a reinforcing element with a structure

set teeth as a holding element;

Fig. 13 is an enlarged view of the structure of Fig. 12;

14 is a partial perspective view of an edge region, in particular of a GFRP reinforcing element with a

Edge structure as a holding element; Fig. 15 is an enlarged view of the structure of Fig. 14;

16 is a partial perspective view of an edge region in particular of a GFRP reinforcing element with a

Edge structure of beads and teeth as a holding element;

17 is a partial perspective view of an edge region in particular of a reinforcing element made of wood with a Edge structure of parallel, vertical notches as

Retaining element;

18 is a partial perspective view of an edge region, in particular of a reinforcing element made of wood with an edge structure of entangled notches as a holding element;

19 shows a perspective partial view of an edge region, in particular of a reinforcing element made of wood, with an edge structure of oblique notches as a holding element;

FIG. 20 shows a perspective view of a plastic profile with inserted wires as reinforcing element; FIG. Fig. 21 is a sectional view of Fig. 20;

Fig. 22 is a perspective view of a plastic profile having a reinforcing member with a composite of five layers;

Fig. 23 is a side view of a reinforcing member having a composite of five layers;

FIG. 24 shows a side view of a plastic profile with an integrated reinforcing element with a composite of five layers; FIG.

FIG. 25 shows a modification of the embodiment according to FIG. 24; FIG.

Fig. 26 is a perspective view of a mitered plastic profile with inserted

Reinforcing elements; 27 is a detail view with an exemption of

Reinforcing element;

Figure 28 is a perspective view of a plastic profile with recessed wires as reinforcing elements. Fig. 29 is a detail view of a recessed metal wire; Fig. 30 is a perspective view of a plastic profile with a recessed metal strip as

Reinforcing element;

FIG. 31 shows a detailed view of the plastic profile according to FIG. 30. FIG.

For a shear-resistant connection between reinforcing elements 1, 2, 4, 5 and extruded plastic profiles 10, 20 in the longitudinal and transverse directions, different embodiments are shown below.

Basically, as the material for the reinforcing elements 1, 2, 4, 5, especially aluminum, steel or high-strength fiber composites are suitable. Since these materials are not with the thermoplastic base material of the plastic profile 10, 20, in PVC-hard window profiles, welded, the required shear-resistant connection is mainly to ensure a suitable form-fitting design of the contact surfaces. Possible embodiments are e.g.

Undercuts and / or a sufficiently large

Contact surface.

The "resistance to displacement per unit length" does not have to be extremely high and / or theoretically

At best reach achievable values, as in the case of low deflections of the composite profile always the entire connection length is claimed to thrust, so the actual acting thrust force over the entire length between the components involved, and because no very high loads occur, so by no means nearly to approaching the breaking point.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the stiffening is effected by a plug-in composite profile (See Figs. 22 to 25), in which the disadvantages are avoided from the point of view of the thermal insulation effect compared to a conventional U-reinforcing iron. In addition to the per se already known embodiment of such a composite profile with a hard foam middle layer and two with this shear-resistant cover layers, for example, according to patent EP 0 153 758, has a composite profile as

Embodiment of the invention additional foam cover layers. Background for this construction is that when too

stiffening plastic window profile interior walls, which mainly serve to achieve a better thermal insulation effect, can be omitted. A 5-ply

Composite profile is represented by e.g. Milling the outer

Foam layers largely adapted to the now larger main chamber of the plastic profile 10, so that hardly any cavities remain free. Since very low density foams have a better insulating effect than air filled ones

Hollow chambers, the insulating effect of the plastic profile with inserted composite profile is higher despite lower number of chambers than conventional plastic profiles with five to seven

Chambers. A particular advantage with this system is that the window profiles with fewer interior chambers have a smaller one

Have the meter weight and in addition can be extruded faster because of the faster cooling, whereby these plastic profiles can be made cheaper.

In Fig. 1, two embodiments are shown in which extruded plastic profiles 10, 20

(Plastic hollow profile) in each case by reinforcing elements 1, 2, designed here as reinforcing bands, are reinforced. The reinforcing elements 1, 2 consist of a material (metal, GRP) with a relatively high modulus of elasticity. When the first plastic profile 10 is one of

Reinforcing elements 1 a relatively small hollow chamber 11 is arranged. When the second plastic profile 20 are the

Reinforcement elements 1, 2 each in a larger chamber 12th arranged. The person skilled in the art recognizes that different combinations are possible here.

The plastic profiles 10 are e.g. extruded in a so-called cross-spray nozzle, wherein the reinforcing elements 1, 2 are fed through the nozzle in the extrusion direction.

To the intended increase in the flexural rigidity of

To cause plastic profiles 10, the edges of the

Reinforcement elements 1, 2 shear resistant in longitudinal and

Transverse direction connected to the plastic profiles 10. This is e.g. achieved by the edges of the

Reinforcement elements 1, 2 are positively embedded in the plastic. That is, the edges must have longitudinally-operative retaining elements 3, e.g. Undercuts have, which are filled with plastic during extrusion in the nozzle. Undercuts in the transverse direction, in the plane of the reinforcing strip are provided so that the composite at long-term load due to force and

Temperature influence can not solve.

In connection with FIGS. 4 to 19, different configurations of holding elements 3 are shown. The embodiments of FIG. 1 have reinforcing elements 1, 2 in the form of bands. In Fig. 2 is a

perspective view of a plastic profile 10 of a sash profile shown in which the

Reinforcement elements 1, 2 are formed by wooden strips. The wooden strips have a much greater thickness-to-width ratio than the band-shaped

Reinforcing elements in Fig. 1st

Sufficiently effective thicknesses of the reinforcing elements 1, 2, if they are designed as reinforcing bands, for example:

Steel: 0.5 to 2 mm thickness

Aluminum: 1 to 3 mm thickness

GRP: 2 to 5 mm thickness Wood: 3 to 12 mm thickness

With the embodiment of FIG. 2, a wood reinforcement is possible with which almost the same reinforcing effect is achieved, as by a reinforcement with conventional U-reinforcing iron. These wooden strips 1, 2 are also shear-resistant connected to the plastic profile 10, with respect to the neutral (bending) fiber the optimum

Unfold reinforcing effect.

The embodiment of a frame profile according to FIG. 3 shows that a single wooden strip can also be used as reinforcing element 1 in a plastic profile 10. It is not mandatory that the cross section of the wooden strip

is rectangular. In this case, almost the entire

Main chamber of the plastic profile 10 with a to the

Cross-section adapted wooden profile 1 filled. As a result of the "large" wood cross-section, this reinforcement also achieves a considerable stiffening effect

Incorporation in the plastic profile 10 can be made, but is not absolutely necessary in view of the reinforcing effect, because the neutral fiber of the wood reinforcement and those of the plastic profile 10 are close together due to geometry. That is, this reinforcement could just like the U-reinforcing iron inserted during the window assembly and bolted to the plastic profile. Likewise, a sheathing and / or overmolding the

Can be strengthened in the course of profile extrusion. When wood is used as a reinforcing material, it should be protected against fouling or fungal infestation, etc., due to moisture ingress. This is best done by appropriate painting or impregnating in conjunction with a watertight welding within the plastic profile 10 and / or the frame formed therefrom. To also at

low moisture ingress, e.g. as a consequence of

Fittings or diffusion to ensure a stable state, it is also recommended by Ventilation holes a certain air exchange too

enable .

The reinforcing effect against bending of the

Plastic profiles 10 through the inserted

Reinforcing elements 1, 2 results according to the known laws of mechanics, wherein are to be mentioned as the main influencing factors: · size of the supporting cross-section,

• distance from the neutral fiber and

• modulus of elasticity.

Will the geometry of the cross section of the

Reinforcement element 1, 2, here formed as a reinforcing strip, largely retained and only the thickness of the reinforcing bands and their material changed, so lead the below-mentioned thicknesses depending on

Assignable modulus of elasticity for approximately the same amplification effect:

The values for the E-modules are to be understood here as mean values. It can be seen from the table that metallic reinforcing elements 1, 2 have the highest moduli of elasticity, followed by unidirectionally glass fiber reinforced plastics. If the price is also considered, the metals perform best. Likewise, this wood is very good. It is noticeable that in short glass fiber reinforced

Thermoplastics, as well as wood, the required thicknesses u.U. difficult to accommodate in the plastic profile 10, which here with a significant reduction in

Reinforcing effect compared to the metals is to be expected. It also makes sense to spruce wood as

Reinforcement to use. Taking the price into consideration, spruce wood is far superior to other materials, including fiberglass, and steel is the next.

FIGS. 4 to 19 show different configurations of holding elements 3, which are arranged on reinforcing elements 1, 2. You should have a firmer connection

between plastic profile 10 and reinforcing elements 1, 2 produce, with a force effect in band level in both the transverse and longitudinal direction. In Fig. 4 is a partial view of an edge region of a

Reinforcement elements 1 shown. The holding elements 3 are applied here by knurling and / or embossing.

This is easy especially with metallic ones

Reinforcement elements 1, 2 applicable.

For each edge of the reinforcing element 1, 2, e.g. two

Embossing rollers with sharp contours against each other

pressed, between the reinforcing elements 1, 2 is guided. Thus, a plastic deformation is effected, at the contact surfaces with the embossing rollers a likewise sharp-edged pattern on the reinforcing elements 1, 2 is transmitted. Many small-scale depressions and upheavals allow the desired, shear-resistant

Embedding with the surrounding plastic in the plastic profile 10 (not shown in Fig. 4). The knurling shown causes a good positive and / or frictional connection against Verschubkräfte in two directions: In

Longitudinal direction of the reinforcing element 1, 2 and transversely thereto. As expediently, the reinforcing elements 1, 2 are provided in the bands in roll form, is before

Feeding into the nozzle of the extrusion device

Straighten the bands required. This is done so in which the tape is guided in the longitudinal direction between a plurality of rollers and these rollers alternately cause a bend to the left and to the right. The embossing of the edges can in this straightening process at the beginning of the straightening with

be involved.

In Fig. 5 and 6 is a further embodiment of

Holding elements 3 shown. On a band-shaped

Reinforcing element 1 (preferably made of metal) sawtooth structures are arranged as retaining elements 3 at both edges. Fig. 6 provided an enlarged view of

Sawtooth structure, wherein the up and down bent saw teeth can be seen. The saw teeth are similar to the teeth of a hand saw and are also manufactured in such a way: punching out of gaps and cabinets of teeth, the teeth are alternately bent slightly to the left and right. This design causes a positive connection in two directions: in the longitudinal direction due to the tooth flanks and in the transverse direction as a result of the tooth pitch.

In Figs. 7 and 8 is an alternative embodiment

in which an edge training of a

Reinforcement element 1 is present with alternately slightly bent left and right segments.

If larger undercuts desired, so this structure for a holding element 3 also by means

counteracting wheels are generated. These

Wheels run exactly synchronously to each other and alternately have gaps and protrusions. The mutually acting edges cause a severing of the edges of the band-shaped reinforcing element 1, 2 similar as by means of a jar and the projections cause a

slight bending of the resulting "teeth" alternately in both directions. Again, a form-fitting

Connection achieved after embedding the edge in plastic in the two main directions. In Fig. 9 is an embodiment for a band-shaped

Reinforcement element 1, 2 shown, the edge formation is easy to produce: It is dispensed with the severing of the reinforcing element 1, 2. Only the edge of the reinforcing element 1, 2 is plastically deformed, e.g.

wavy. This also takes place between two counteracting, synchronously running rollers, wherein the elevation for a roller in the direction of travel is "shorter" than the gap of the counter roller

Reinforcement element 1, 2 also leads to a

Shock-resistant connection when it is tightly enclosed by plastic. It is advantageous that the supporting cross-section of the stiffening profile is not weakened by joints and thus contributes to the entire bandwidth for reinforcing the plastic profile.

In Fig. 10 is another embodiment of a

Reinforcement element 1, 2 shown, wherein these

Embodiment is not limited to band-shaped reinforcing elements. The edge is with additional beads

provided, which is easy to produce, especially when using aluminum by a roll. These beads add the positive connection

Tensile stress in the transverse direction higher load capacity. For the form fit in the longitudinal direction, a combination with the tooth and wave training shown is recommended.

FIGS. 11 to 13 show different edge structures as holding elements 3 for reinforcing elements 1, 2

shown. Fig. 11 shows teeth with notched teeth for an undercut in the longitudinal and transverse directions. Fig. 12 (and Fig. 13 in enlargement) shows teeth with set teeth for undercut in the longitudinal and transverse directions. In contrast to the embodiment shown in Fig. 7 is the Cutting direction for the teeth here not perpendicular to the edge of the reinforcing element 1, 2 but obliquely.

The tooth forms of FIGS. 11 to 13 are metals

recommended, which can be easily punched and / or cut, for example, aluminum. When forming the reinforcing elements 1, 2 in the plastic, the tooth spaces and / or the existing spaces must be largely filled with plastic by the plastic is pressed with high pressure in the nozzle. This tooth shape causes in the two main directions a particularly good positive connection, so that high forces can be transmitted in the transverse direction. In Fig. 14 is a reinforcing element 1, 2 made of GRP

shown. As a material for reinforcing elements 1, 2 and glass fiber reinforced plastic is well. In the case of short glass fiber reinforced thermoplastics, however, only one E modulus of the order of about 10,000 N / mm ^{2 can be} achieved. Endless glass fiber reinforced plastics are more suitable, although here when using

thermosetting plastics as binders compared to thermoplastics the highest stiffnesses can be achieved. Elasticity modules up to 40,000 N / mm ² are foreseeable. In contrast to metals here is hardly a plastic deformation to form an edge as

Holding elements 3 with undercuts possible.

In the embodiment of Fig. 14 (and enlarged in Fig. 15), e.g. by milling or grinding with

diamond-tipped grinding wheels the desired

Notches in the edges of the reinforcing element 1 generates. It does not depend on a specific assignment of the respective notches to each other or their exact geometry, so that the control of the various grinding wheels is also easy to do. In principle, such an edge structure as a holding element 3 is also at

Reinforcement elements 1, 2 made of other materials possible. FIG. 16 shows a further alternative, in particular for connecting elements 1, 2 made of GFK. In order to form an undercut in the transverse direction, grooves are also ground longitudinally in addition to the teeth.

In Fig. 17 to 19 reinforcing elements 1 made of wood, in particular spruce wood are shown, each having a notched edge. For wooden strips as

Reinforcement elements 1, 2 is an edge formation by

Notches by saw or milling useful. Vertical cuts to the edge (Fig. 17) lead to a good

Anchoring against longitudinal displacement. If these sections are mounted obliquely to the longitudinal axis (FIG. 19) or alternately obliquely backwards and obliquely backwards (FIG. 18), a very good connection against extension in the transverse direction results.

The formation of the reinforcing elements 1, 2 was in the embodiments shown so far band-shaped or strip-shaped.

Another alternative is the incorporation of wires with a relatively high modulus of elasticity in the

Plastic profile dar.

In Fig. 20 and 21, a plastic profile is shown, in which four wires 1, 2, 4, 5 as reinforcing elements in

Plastic profile 10 are arranged. The wires 1, 2, 4, 5 may e.g. made of steel or aluminum. Alternatively, endless struts made of unidirectional glass fiber reinforced plastics, in

Plastic profile 10 are arranged. Here are the

Reinforcement elements 1, 2, 4, 5 preferably arranged as far away from the neutral fiber. In FIGS. 20 and 21 it can be seen that the arrangement of the wires as reinforcing elements 1, 2, 4, 5 takes place essentially in the corners of the plastic profile 10. In a conventional window profile, as shown in FIGS. 20 and 21, cause four wires of steel, each 3 mm

Diameter the same bending stiffness as a conventional U-shaped stiffening iron of 1.5 mm thick sheet metal. Important for this is the shear-resistant embedding of the steel wires in the plastic profile. By knurling the wires 1, 2, 4, 5 over the entire circumference, the necessary undercuts are again produced as holding elements 3. If aluminum is used instead of steel, because this makes it possible to cut and / or saw on the usual machines, the diameter of the wires would have to be about 1.7 to 2.0 times as large as in the illustrated steel wires to the same reinforcing effect achieve. Moderate losses in terms of reinforcing effect are quite acceptable, so that even aluminum wires with about 3 to 4 mm diameter can be used reasonably well.

The introduction into the plastic profile can e.g. done in two ways:

Extrude in a crosshead, analogous to the reinforcement bands above. When wrapping with

Plastic fills the plastic melt

Undercuts (holding elements 3) of the wire 1, 2, 4, 5 made.

Pressing in externally accessible grooves. The wire with the embossed surface has an excess in the tenths of a millimeter range with respect to the groove. The plastic profile 10 for windows shown in FIGS. 20 and 21 allows the reinforcements to be pressed into the finished plastic profile 10. The wires 1, 2, 4, 5 may be useful in profile extrusion, for example following cooling, even before the plastic profile 10 enters the caterpillar take-off, be pressed. However, they can also be pressed into the cut-to-length section bars or even into the frame sections cut to length and mitred for the purpose of making up the windows. It is expedient in this case, if the wire 1, 2, 4, 5 in addition to embossing the surface at about 120 to 200 ° C.

is heated. After pressing the heat is introduced into the adjacent plastic, this softens and becomes flowable and then fills the undercuts in the wire largely. After cooling, wire 1, 2, 4, 5 and plastic are optimally connected and it can be easily transferred large shear forces. It is even conceivable to press them into the fitted frame as part of the assembly: the four frame pieces are mitred to length, the miter surfaces are finished with a miter

Adhesive coated and exactly added to the frame. The adhesive takes some time to cure, with the adjacent parts may not be moved against each other.

Be in this setting the wires 1, 2, 4, 5 inserted into the externally accessible grooves and thereby also bent exactly around the corners, the wires take 1, 2, 4, 5 immediately a high support function and lead to a considerable

Corner strength. The frame can therefore be stretched out immediately and the curing of the adhesive can then be done slowly over a longer period of time, which then has no negative impact on the cycle time. In addition to

Ensuring the required longitudinal stiffness and the contribution to the corner strength is to be seen as a significant advantage of this manufacturing method, the elimination of the corner plaster. The corner cleaning is a comparatively complex

Manufacturing process, which moreover, often to a deterioration of the surface in aesthetic

Respects (e.g., shadow gap, burr formation, and

Notches).

Previously, reinforcing forms were described with reinforcing elements 1, 2, 4, 5, in which the reinforcing effect

due to a shear-resistant connection by means of retaining elements 3 of inserted reinforcing elements (bands, strips wires) with the plastic profile 10 is effected. In the following it will be shown that a good compromise of high reinforcing effect with a simultaneous significant improvement of the thermal insulation effect can be achieved by inserting composite profiles as reinforcing elements 1, 2. These are produced by joining high-strength tapes and good heat-insulating foam materials and inserted in the cut and mitered plastic profiles instead of a commonly used U-reinforcing iron in the course of making up the Kunststofffofffenster.

Applying 3-layer composites for this purpose has been known for some time (e.g., EP 0 153 758 A2). In the embodiments described here, at least one further foam layer (cover layers) 33, 34 is additionally glued to the force-effective tension / compression reinforcing belts. If U-reinforcing bars are used, they are 1-2 mm smaller than the chambers in hollow sections, so they

must be screwed. By using at least one cover layer 33, 34 can easily be a certain excess

can be adjusted so that the reinforcing element is then inserted without play in the plastic profile 10.

With a 5-layer composite (see FIG. 22), the thermal insulation effect of the overall system can be further improved and at the same time the extrusion of the plastic profiles

simplify. No stiffness

Change compared to the 3-layer version.

The individual layers of the composite profile have the following task:

Core layer 30: High thermal insulation effect and sufficient shear resistance. Since reinforced window profiles may be only moderately burdened anyway and only a few

Millimeters of deflection per 1 meter in length, is only a moderate thrust within the

Foam core of the core layer 30 to transfer.

Two reinforcing layers 31, 32, which cause the desired bending stiffness in the two main directions. Appropriate materials are: steel with thicknesses of 0.5 to 2.0 mm, aluminum with thicknesses of 1.5 to 4 mm or fiberglass with thicknesses of 2.0 to 6.0 mm.

Further cover layers 33, 34. These cover layers are formed from foam and are selected with regard to the lowest possible thermal conductivity.

In the underlying 5-chamber profile were three

Inner walls of the plastic profile removed, which

originally the main chamber into which the U-shaped

Stiffening iron was inserted, and further chambers have formed.

The composite profile as reinforcing element 1, 2 according to FIGS. 22 to 25 has five layers 30, 31, 32, 33, 34.

For the application of such 5-layer composite profiles, it is expedient to simplify the plastic profiles 10, that is to make more extrusion-friendly (see Fig. 24 and 25). These plastic profiles 10 have only three chambers, i. only two inner walls, which for stability and

Function of the plastic profiles 10 are required. in the

Two or three internal chambers or internal walls have been omitted compared to the original profile shape, which reduces the profile weight and a higher one

Extrusion speed can be achieved. Nevertheless, the thermal insulation effect of the profile system is ultimately not reduced because the outer foam layers of the composite profile 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, the Dämmfunktion the original

Internal chambers take over and even improve.

The composite profiles as reinforcing elements 1, 2 for the frame profile of FIG. 24 or for the airfoil of FIG. 25 are formed by milling the foam portions of the

Composite profile according to Fig. 23. It should be noted that the "fit" between PVC main profile and the

Foam shares of the composite profile 1 can be very tight. Slight spatial disabilities can be tolerated because of the foam when inserting the

Reinforcement profiles in the PVC profile along small projecting noses can be sheared off comparatively easily and / or pressed. That is, that

Reinforcing element 1 has a very close contact with the PVC profile and supports this immediately over a large area or at least linear. The screwing of the two

Plastic profiles 10 can therefore be simplified, i. it suffice less screws with greater distances from each other. In addition, the thermal insulation effect increases when the

Foam insert along several lines directly on the PVC profile rests, because no exchange of air over long distances can take place, the heat transfer due to convection is reduced.

Besides the improvement of the mechanical rigidity by reinforcing elements 1, 2 is the improvement of

Thermal insulation effect of importance. Lying e.g. the

Reinforcement elements 1, 2 parallel to the glass plane, the heat conduction of these reinforcing materials has almost no effect on the desired insulating effect, which in

vertical direction to the glass plane is relevant. Only by eliminating thermal bridges across the glass plane also no special improvement of the thermal insulation effect is achieved, because by air convection, which is clearly effective in chambers with clear widths greater about 8 mm, a good heat exchange is still guaranteed. It is therefore expedient to avoid large hollow chambers.

As a first variant, the insertion seems additional

Interior walls to be well suited. Disadvantages here are however:

an increase in the number of chambers beyond 6 is hardly effective anymore, thus the benefit / cost ratio is very tense.

the meter weight increases significantly and

- The removal of heat from the inside of the profile during the

Extrusion becomes increasingly expensive (reducing the extrusion rate or lengthening the

Cooling section), so that

the production costs increase disproportionately. It is possible to fill the chambers with insulating foams. Very low density insulating foams effectively prevent air convection and have "little heat conducting mass" so that there is hardly any heat conduction.

Good insulating foams are not at the same time as profile extrusion in the profile from an economic point of view

be introduced, since the desired poor heat conduction significantly extends the calibration and cooling process and in the course of the extrusion process only a very limited

Foam specification can be used. It is more appropriate to optimize the processes for the foam production on the one hand and for the profile extrusion separately on the other hand and to bring together the respective semi-finished products.

As advantages to be seen here are:

No limitation of the production of foam in terms of density and production speed by the

(comparatively slow) extrusion process.

that is, the type of material can be chosen largely freely, e.g. Polystyrene or PE foam

Optimization option with regard to recycling: No material connection between PVC and foam. Later separation is due to the extremely different

Densities easily possible.

low storage costs: From comparatively

cheap foam blocks can be made very cost effective directly on the "joining machine" by means of wire cutting, sawing or milling the currently required contours and lengths and are inserted immediately thereafter in the plastic profile 10,

even the extrusion process can be made less expensive if inner walls of the plastic profiles 10 are removed, because their task is taken over by inserted foam profiles!

In principle, it is possible to insert the foam blanks in the 6 m long profile bars or only in the course of Insert the finishing process into the cut-to-length and miter-cut frame parts. A corresponding automatic production of foam blanks and

automatic insertion into the plastic profile 10 speaks rather for combining in the course of profile production.

Complications during assembly are not to be expected then. Foams made of PS or PE have lower or equal melting points than PVC at approx. 200 ° C, so that they also soften when warming up for corner welding and can additionally act as a welding surface.

When assembling windows are from the

Profile bars, which usually have a length of 6 m, the lengths required to form the window frame at 45 ° mitred. From each four frame profiles then a rectangular frame is welded. The joining surfaces are first heated to the welding temperature, about 200 ° C, and then pressed together. Depending on the profile joining surface, this results in a burnup of approx. 3mm. However, "erosion" is not to be understood literally, which means that the softened plastic material deforms plastically and forms a bead, which is subsequently removed again at the visible surfaces

Cutting process, miter cutting, must be adapted to the material. For steel, no saw blades with carbide teeth are applicable. Here, a cost-effective variant is available with cut-off loops. The other materials mentioned are almost unchanged

Continue to separate process with the carbide circular saw blades. During welding, the desired high effect

Reinforcing effect of the reinforcing elements 1, 2, 4, 5 then a hindrance. The at the welding temperature for the plastic (PVC) unchanged hard strips are each exactly opposite and prevent the shortening of Plastic profiles 10 by the burn-up. Therefore, it is

makes sense, the reinforcing elements 1, 2, 4, 5 before the

Welding against the miter cutting surface

reset.

In Fig. 26 is a perspective view of a mitred plastic profile 10 with two

Reinforcement elements 1, 2 e.g. made of aluminum or

Sheet steel or GRP in band form shown.

The resetting of the hard reinforcing elements 1, 2, 4, 5 advantageously takes place immediately after the

Miter cutting, still in the same setting

Plastic profiles 10. At this time, the position of the plastic profile 10 and the cut surface is known and defined exactly, so that by means of milling or grinding process, the required surface portions can be accurately edited. This can be done by a shank or end mill, which, for example, program-controlled moves off the required contours. Well suited is a high-speed

Milling unit, since only small forces are transmitted to the workpiece and thus flutter or vibration in the case of thin sheets is reduced. In addition, cutters come with a high speed milling

comparatively small diameter for use.

In Fig. 27, the exposed (i.e., free-milled

Reinforcement element 1) shown. In an analogous manner, introduced wires 4, 5 could be processed. In Fig. 28 and 29, the reset of the wires is shown.

Again, a high-speed milling unit is very good. The cutter is parallel to the axis

Plastic profile 10 aligned, via a suitable, programmable path control are the required

Approached positions. Alternatively, a sawing or cut-off grinding method can be used, wherein in the miter plane through slots are formed with about 2 mm depth, as shown in Fig. 30 and 31. That is, in the plane of

Reinforcement elements 1, 2 (here as a reinforcing strip

trained) are actually for the

Welding process suitable KunstStoff shares removed. But this is not a disadvantage, since in the welding process these "gaps" in the course of the bead formation are filled up anyway with plastic from the adjacent areas.

Usually, the corner connection takes place at

KunstStofffstern by welding the plastic profiles 10. Will the plastic profiles 10 according to this

Reinforced with reinforcing elements 1, 2, 4, 5 (bands of metal, strips, wires, etc.), these can also be used for the corner joint. In particular, since the metal components can transmit locally much larger forces than the plastic, the required

Corner strength be ensured by the fact that only these metal components are connected to each other durable. This connection can be either by welding

done with each other or by gluing with an insert. The plastic itself does not have to be attached to it

Be involved in the connection. This has the advantage that the plastic forms no Schweißwulst and this in the episode not painstakingly removed by the so-called "corner cleaning" and / or must be milled or pulled to a pleasing shape.

In this case, the metal bands or wires are not reset against the miter surface, but themselves interconnected. This bonding can be done either mechanically or by welding.

Mechanical: Pressing the ends of the reinforcing elements 1, 2, 4, 5 (wire or stiffening bands ends) in

Inserts. By appropriate design of the inserts with "barbs and spring action" is a joining with moderate Effort possible. An opening then requires a very large amount of force. A support of the strength by gluing is of course also possible. Welding: similar to heat pulse welding

Spot welding: The electrodes are applied to the externally accessible reinforcing elements 1, 2, 4, 5 (wires, bands, etc.) in the groove. If the miter surfaces are brought into contact, an electrically conductive connection is formed at the contact surface with great resistance - an arc arises at short notice, which leads to welding.

For example, Laser Welding: The miter surfaces are joined so that the end faces of the metal reinforcement wires or tapes come into contact or form only a very narrow gap. The welding laser is guided in such a way that the metal melts and bonds in the joint surface.

In connection with the figures were different

Embodiments for reinforcing elements 1, 2, 4, 5 shown, wherein in each plastic profile 10, 20 only one uniform design was used. The

However, the present invention also extends to

Combinations of the example shown here

Embodiments. Thus, e.g. an edge of a band-shaped reinforcing element 1, 2 as a holding element 3 a

Have wave structure, the other edge as a holding element 3 a sawtooth structure.

Reference sign list

1 first reinforcing element

2 second reinforcing element

3 retaining elements

4 third reinforcing element (wire)

5 fourth reinforcing element (wire)

10 first plastic profile

11 first chamber in plastic profile 12 second chamber in plastic profile

20 second plastic profile 30 core layer

31 first reinforcing layer

32 second reinforcing layer

33 first cover layer

34 second cover layer

Claims

claims

1. composite profile, in particular for windows and doors, with an extruded plastic profile (10, 20) and

at least one with this largely shear resistant

connected reinforcing element (1, 2, 4, 5), characterized by at least one holding element (3) on the reinforcing element

(1, 2, 4, 5) for producing a material, friction and / or positive connection between

Reinforcing element (1, 2, 4, 5) and plastic profile (10), wherein the holding element (3) in the plane of

Reinforcement element (1, 2, 3, 4) in both transverse and

Longitudinal direction of the reinforcing element (1, 2, 4, 5) acts.

2. Composite profile according to claim 1, characterized

characterized in that the reinforcing element (1,

2, 4, 5) made of metal, preferably steel or aluminum, of glass fiber reinforced plastic, preferably

unidirectionally reinforced thermoset, such as

unsaturated polyester or epoxy resin, or of wood, preferably spruce wood.

3. Composite profile according to claim 1 or 2, characterized

in that the holding element (3) has a profiling, a knurling, a structure produced by cuts and / or punched-outs, a

Wave structure, a sawtooth structure, one

Notch structure, a bond and / or a

has heatable spot. 4. Composite profile according to at least one of claims 1 to

3, characterized in that the notches and / or cuts as holding elements (3) transversely and / or obliquely to the longitudinal direction of the reinforcing element (1, 2, 4, 5) are arranged. Composite profile according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the

Reinforcement (1, 2, 4, 5) is designed as a band, as a bar and / or as a wire.

Composite profile according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thermal insulation effect and / or the bending stiffness by inserting prefabricated composite profiles (30, 31, 32, 33, 34) is increased in one or more chamber.

Composite profile according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcing element (1, 2, 4, 5) is part of a

Composite profile with at least four layers, namely a core foam layer (30), two with this shear-resistant cover layers (31, 32) of high rigidity and at least one layer (33, 34) made of insulating foam on one of the cover layers (31, 32 ) is glued.

Reinforcement element (1, 2, 4, 5) arranged and designed for use in a composite profile according to at least one of claims 1 to 7.

A method for producing a reinforcing element according to claim 8 or for use in a

Composite profile according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the at least one retaining element (3) by a

plastic deformation, in particular knurling or embossing and / or by forming, in particular by

Rolling and / or pressing of grooves or waves is effected.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized

characterized in that the reinforcing elements (1, 2, 4, 5) in the course of extrusion of the plastic profile (10, 20) introduced through a nozzle and in the

Plastic profile (10, 20) are embedded.

11. The method according to claim 9 or 10, characterized

characterized in that the reinforcing elements (1, 2, 4, 5) only after the substantial cooling of the

Plastic profiles (10, 20) in externally accessible

Grooves in the plastic profile (10, 20) are pressed.

12. The method according to at least one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that for the production of KunstStofffenstern by means of corner welding embedded reinforcing elements (1, 2, 4, 5) after cutting to length and Miter additionally in the same clamping in the miter saw by means of milling or Sawing process can be reset to the

Do not interfere with welding process spatially.

13. The method according to at least one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that in the

Production of sash and frame the

Embedded reinforcing elements (1, 2, 4, 5) are themselves used extensively to the corner joint by these are connected to one another by welding and / or pressing in an insert.

14. The method according to at least one of claims 9 to 13, characterized in that the

Reinforcement elements (1, 2, 4, 5) only in the course of window assembly for the formation of the sash or frame in externally accessible grooves of the

Plastic profiles are pressed, and run without interruption around at least one corner of the frame formed, so that a contribution to the corner joint is made.