EP3055476B1 - Composite profile, reinforcing strip for a composite profile, and a method for producing a composite profile - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a composite profile with the features of claim 1 and a method for producing a composite profile with the features of claim 11.

Extruded plastic profiles are widely used today in the area of windows, doors or other components. In the case of larger components in particular, the plastic profiles have a considerable length, so that in particular the dimensional stability is of great importance. In the case of windows, the profiles that form the frame and the sash are stressed primarily by the weight of the insulating glass panes and by the wind pressure. These forces are transferred into the building structure via the profiles. The profiles must not deform too much, with the deflection in particular being viewed critically. In order to keep this deflection low, a minimum bending stiffness of the profiles depending on the window size is required. Since the beginning of the use of plastic windows, the plastic profiles have been reinforced by inserting so-called U-reinforcing bars. This takes place in a separate step in the course of window assembly, which of course also entails corresponding costs. There has been a tendency for around ten years to make the plastic profiles themselves sufficiently stable, thereby reducing the total cost of the windows. This is done either by coextrusion, in which the outer surface is still made of the base material, usually PVC, and a glass fiber reinforced plastic is arranged inside (see e.g. DE102007015318 A ) or by combining the profile with internal reinforcement strips made of metal or fiber-reinforced plastics (see e.g. DE 19933099 A1 ), which then form inner walls.

From the EP 0 063 234 A1 an extruded plastic hollow profile strip for window frames is known in which a reinforcing element made of synthetic resin-bonded reinforcing fibers is arranged in at least one profile wall and can be angled during extrusion of the plastic hollow profile.

Other hollow plastic profiles with embedded strips or strips of fiber-reinforced plastic are, for example, in the documents DE 10 2008 008343 A1 , DE 10 2007 039009 A1 and DE 299 12 375 U1 described.

To improve the mechanical properties of the plastic profiles, it makes sense to create special plastic profiles and processes for producing such plastic profiles.

The object is achieved by a composite profile with the features of claim 1.

At least two reinforcement tapes are arranged inside the composite profile. The at least two reinforcing tapes are at least partially formed from thermoplastic with embedded endless glass and / or mineral fibers and / or other reinforcing fibers. At least one of the reinforcing tapes has at least one section that is angled parallel to the longitudinal axis of the composite profile. Furthermore, the distance between the at least two reinforcement bands and the inside of the respectively adjacent outer wall of the composite profile in the region of the non-angled section corresponds to 0.1 to 3 times the wall thickness of the outer wall.

Such a composite profile has a combination of features that together result in a dimensionally stable composite profile. At the same time, the choice of the distance ensures that the reinforcement strips are not too close to the surface, but also not too far inside the composite profile.

It is advantageous if the angle between the at least one angled section and the non-angled section of the at least two reinforcing bands is more than 10 ° and less than 150 °, in particular between 20 ° and 90 °. The bend in the reinforcement band increases the bending stiffness of the band itself.

It is also advantageous if the distance between the at least two reinforcing bands and the inside of the respectively assigned outer wall of the composite profile is between 0.1 and 10 mm, in particular between 0.5 and 3 mm. This dimension ensures that the reinforcement tapes are not too close below the outer surface of the composite profile, which experience has shown could impair the surface quality. The upper limit of the distance also prevents the reinforcing strips from being too close to the center of gravity axis line of the composite profile. The greater the distance of the stiffening bands from the center of gravity axis line, the greater the section modulus of the entire composite profile.

For a particularly stable design of the reinforcement tapes, it is useful if at least one of the at least two reinforcement tapes has a proportion of 30 to 70 vol.% Glass fibers and / or mineral fibers and / or other reinforcement fibers, embedded in a thermoplastic matrix, in particular in PET . When the windows are corner welded, this matrix softens, so that the reinforcing fibers can dodge laterally when the weld seam is formed and the associated shortening in the area of the end faces, and can also penetrate into one another at the end, so that the reinforcing strips themselves also weld to a certain extent.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if at least one spacer is provided to produce the defined distance between the at least two reinforcing bands and the inside of the composite profile. This applies in particular if at least one spacer is arranged in the longitudinal direction of the composite profile on one of the at least two reinforcement bands, in particular in one piece on the reinforcement band and / or is formed from plastic of the composite profile, in particular as a web and is arranged on the wall of the composite profile and / or as separate part is formed. There are therefore several options for arranging spacers between the reinforcing strips and the composite profile.

To improve the connection between the reinforcing strips and the plastic of the composite profile, it is advantageous if a profile, in particular a linear profile and / or a knurling, is provided on at least one edge on each of the at least two reinforcing strips to create a frictional and / or positive connection with the Extrusion plastic profile is arranged. The shear forces that occur when the composite profile is curved can thus be transmitted efficiently.

The connection between the reinforcement strips and the plastic of the composite profile can additionally or alternatively be improved if the at least two reinforcement strips have a connection layer on the surface for producing a material connection to the extrusion plastic profile by welding. For this purpose, the connection layer can have a proportion of PVC.

The object is also achieved by a method having the features of claim 11. In this case, at least one bend and / or profiling of an edge takes place by thermal deformation on at least one of the at least two reinforcement bands inline during the extrusion process prior to insertion into an extrusion nozzle, at least one of the at least two reinforcement bands being arranged in the composite profile in such a way that the distance between the at least two reinforcement bands and the inside of the respectively adjacent outer wall of the composite profile in the region of the non-angled section corresponds to 0.1 to 3 times the wall thickness of the outer wall.

• Fig. 1 eine Schnittansicht einer ersten Ausführungsform eines Verbundprofils mit zwei Verstärkungsbändern;
• Fig. 1A eine Schnittansicht eines ersten Verstärkungsbandes für die erste Ausführungsform;
• Fig. 1B eine Schnittansicht eines zweiten Verstärkungsbandes für die erste Ausführungsform;
• Fig. 2 eine Schnittansicht einer zweiten Ausführungsform eines Verbundprofils mit zwei Verstärkungsbändern;
• Fig. 2A eine Schnittansicht eines ersten Verstärkungsbandes für die zweite Ausführungsform;
• Fig. 2B eine Schnittansicht eines zweiten Verstärkungsbandes für die zweite Ausführungsform;
• Fig. 3 eine Schnittansicht eines Halbzeuges für die Herstellung von Verstärkungsstreifen.

The invention is explained below with reference to exemplary embodiments shown in the drawings. Show

• Fig. 1 a sectional view of a first embodiment of a composite profile with two reinforcing bands;
• Fig. 1A a sectional view of a first reinforcing tape for the first embodiment;
• Figure 1B a sectional view of a second reinforcing tape for the first embodiment;
• Fig. 2 a sectional view of a second embodiment of a composite profile with two reinforcing bands;
• Figure 2A a sectional view of a first reinforcing tape for the second embodiment;
• Figure 2B a sectional view of a second reinforcing tape for the second embodiment;
• Fig. 3 a sectional view of a semi-finished product for the production of reinforcing strips.

In Fig. 1 a first embodiment of a composite profile 10 made of plastic is shown. This composite profile 10, which is designed as a hollow profile, is produced by extrusion in a manner known per se, some special features of the manufacturing process for some embodiments being shown below. Such a composite profile 10 is used, for example, to enclose an insulating glass pane 15 as a frame.

In the first embodiment, the composite profile 10 has two reinforcement bands 1A, 1B, which are shown in FIGS 1A and 1B are shown separately. The reinforcing tapes 1A, 1B are formed at least partially, but in particular completely, from a thermoplastic with embedded endless glass and / or mineral fibers and / or other reinforcing fibers.

The reinforcing tapes 1A, 1B can have a proportion of 30 to 70% by volume of reinforcing fibers embedded in a thermoplastic matrix, in particular in PET.

Such reinforcing tapes 1A, 1B have a high mechanical strength with low weight, which is particularly advantageous compared to metallic reinforcements. In alternative embodiments, more than two reinforcement bands 1A, 1B can also be used.

The reinforcing strips 1A, 1B have angled sections 5A, 5B and a non-angled section which, when assembled, is arranged essentially parallel to an outer wall 11 of the composite profile 10.

The first reinforcement band 1A (see also Fig. 1A ) has at one edge a first angled section 5A, which forms an angle α _A = 90 with the non-angled section.

A second angled section 5B is arranged on the opposite edge of the first reinforcing band 1A. This forms an angle α _B of approximately 170 ° with the non-angled section of the first reinforcement band 1A. The angled sections 5A, 5B are of different sizes in this embodiment.

The second reinforcement band 1B has two angled sections 5A, 5B, each of which is angled at an angle α _A = α _B = 90 ° from the non-angled section of the second reinforcement band 1B. In principle, the angles α _A , α _{B can be} more than 10 ° and less than 150 °, these angles, as in Fig. 1 shown, are measured on the side facing away from the outer wall 11.

In the first embodiment, reinforcement tapes 1A, 1B are shown, each having two angled sections 5A, 5B. In alternative embodiments, there may be only one angled section or more than two angled sections.

The reinforcement bands 1A, 1B are arranged at a relatively small distance A from the outer walls 11 of the composite profile 10. The distance A is between 0.1 and 3 times the respectively adjacent outer wall 11. The distance A is determined between the inside of the outer wall 11 and the non-angled section of the reinforcing tape 1A, 1B. This non-angled section of the reinforcement band 1A, 1B lies essentially parallel to the inside of the outer wall 11.

In typical composite profiles 10, the distance A between the at least two reinforcement bands 1A, 1B and the inside of the outer wall 11 of the composite profile 10 is between 0.2 and 10 mm, in particular between 0.5 and 3 mm.

The spacing A selected in this way ensures that the flatness of the outer wall 11 is not impaired by the reinforcement band and, likewise, the reinforcement band 1A, 1B is not too far inside the composite profile 10.

The reinforcement bands 1A, 1B have the greatest effect if they are positioned as far as possible from the center of gravity axis line S of the composite profile 10. The aim is therefore to attach the reinforcement tapes 1A, 1B as far as possible outside, that is, in the case of a window profile, far away from the glass plane. On the other hand, the extrusion process in the composite profile 10 creates considerable internal stresses due to the different changes in length during cooling. The reinforcement tapes 1A, 1B are subjected to pressure, the plastic (eg PVC) of the composite profile 10 under tension. The entire composite profile 10 is straight when the internal tensions cancel each other out or compensate. The internal stresses on a cutting surface are forced to zero, which leads to deformations. In the case of a window profile that has considerable asymmetries, this leads to a "tilting" of the rollover inwards (ie in the direction of the glass plane of the insulating glass 15) in the range up to approximately 1 mm, which can lead to a malfunction after the corners are welded together to form a window frame. The angled reinforcement profiles 1A, 1B themselves have a higher rigidity, which acts against tipping, and on the other hand, the angled sections 5A, 5B are positioned more centrally on the central plane of the rollover area, so that the tensile stresses in the PVC are also present in this partial area of the composite profile 10 behave approximately symmetrically after the separation process.

In the first embodiment, the two reinforcing bands 1A, 1B each have spacers 2 on the sides which are oriented toward the outer sides 11 of the composite profile 10. These ensure that the distance A between the reinforcing tape 1A, 1B and the inside of the outer wall 11 is maintained in a defined manner.

In the first embodiment, the outer wall of the composite profile 10 has short webs as spacers 2, which prevent the reinforcing profile 1A, 1B from abutting the outer wall over a large area and that a distance A is maintained in a defined manner. The spacers 2 are made here in one piece with the plastic of the composite profile 10.

The spacers 2 prevent direct contact with the visible surface (i.e. the visible surface of a window profile, essentially parallel to the glass surface, i.e. in the installed state of a window on the room side or on the facade side); or at least largely avoided. In the case of direct contact, this visible surface would have slight waves, which are visually disturbing and, particularly when viewed at a flat angle, cause strongly distorted mirror images. This prevents unevenness of the reinforcement bands 1A, 1B from becoming apparent. Also, minimal fluctuations in the thickness of the outer wall of the composite profile 10 could not be displaced inwards because the surface of the reinforcing profile would have a dominant effect in the event of direct contact.

In alternative configurations, the spacers 2 can additionally or alternatively also be arranged on the reinforcement band 1A, 1B (see Fig. 2 ).

The spacers 2 can each be applied in one piece to the reinforcing strips 1A, 1B or, for example, by extrusion. It is also possible that the Spacers 2 are arranged as a separate part between the reinforcing bands 1A, 1B and the plastic of the composite profile 10.

Profiles 3 are arranged on the edges of the reinforcing strips 1A, 1B in order to enable the reinforcing strips 1A, 1B to have a shear-resistant fit in the plastic part of the composite profile 10. As an alternative, the profiles can also be arranged on only one edge of the reinforcing strips 1A, 1B. The profiling 3 can e.g. be designed as knurling and / or as a line structure. The profiling 3 can be introduced in the course of the assembly process of the reinforcement tape, for example by embossing in connection with heating and / or milling or pressing takes place in the cold state.

A frictional and / or positive connection between the reinforcement bands 1A, 1B and the plastic profile can thus be achieved.

The connection of the reinforcement bands 1A, 1B to the plastic part of the composite profile 10 can be increased if at least part of the surface of at least one of the reinforcement bands 1A, 1B has a connecting layer with which a material connection to the plastic part of the composite profile 10 can be produced. This can e.g. by a targeted application of a PVC layer to one of the reinforcement tapes 1A, 1B.

In Fig. 3 A semifinished product 6 is shown, which can serve as the starting product for reinforcing tapes 1A, 1B with molded connection layer 5. This semifinished product essentially has continuous glass fibers which are embedded in a thermoplastic matrix, the width of this semifinished product being significantly greater than the width of an individual reinforcing band 1A, 1B, for example 500 mm. Following the production of this fiber-thermoplastic composite material, a thin connecting layer 5 is made from a plastic in an inline process on both outer surfaces, which has a high bond strength both with the matrix of the composite material and with the plastic of the composite profile 10 and with the latter is weldable, for example made of PVC. This can expediently be done by extruding the plastic melt or by laminating a prefabricated film with heating and pressing by means of a rolling process. Due to the short-term high contact forces, the adhesion between the connection layer and the matrix is particularly promoted, even if, from a material point of view, genuine welding is not possible as in the case of PET and PVC. Comparably high contact forces cannot be applied during the extrusion process of the composite profile, so that with the aid of the connection layer during the extrusion process, real welding and thus increased connection strength can be achieved even with lower contact forces. The connecting layer 5 can also form the spacers 2. The required widths for the individual reinforcement bands 1A, 1B are then separated from this semifinished product 6 and these are then fed to the further assembly process.

Thus, there is a composite profile 10, in which the material configurations of the reinforcing tapes 1A, 1B, the shape of the reinforcing tapes 1A, 1B and the arrangement of the reinforcing tapes 1A, 1B in the composite profile 10 together ensure that a mechanically stable and aesthetically high-quality composite profile 10 is obtained becomes.

In the Figures 2, 2A and 2B A second embodiment of a composite profile is shown, which essentially corresponds to the first embodiment, so that reference can be made to the above description. In the second embodiment, the reinforcement bands 1A, 1B themselves have the spacers 2, which are integrally formed on the reinforcement band.

In the production of the composite profiles 10, at least one of the reinforcing tapes 1A, 1B e.g. can be unwound from a roll, the bending of the at least one section 5A, 5B and / or the profiling 3 of the edge region taking place inline during the extrusion process of the composite profile 10. For this, the raw material for the reinforcement tapes 1A, 1B is e.g. unrolled from a roll and it passes through a heating tunnel. The profiling 3 is then applied in the edge regions 3 of the reinforcement band 1A, 1B and the angled section 5A, 5B is bent. The reinforcing band 5A, 5B, which is still largely hot, is then fed to the extrusion die and then extrusion-coated with the plastic profile of the composite profile 10.

The flat raw material for the reinforcement tapes 1A, 1B can be on rolls stored wound up and transported to customers. Forming can then be carried out on site, as described above. In the case of reinforcing tapes which are already angled (ie folded), a relatively large winding radius is required, which is also manageable. This means that suitable reinforcing tapes with the required contour and edge shape can also be produced in a separate manufacturing or assembly process, regardless of the extrusion process of the composite profile.

Reference symbol list

• 1A first reinforcement tape
• 1B second reinforcement tape
• 2 spacers
• 3 profiling
• 5 connection layer
• 6 semi-finished products for a reinforcement tape
• 5A first angled section of the reinforcement tape
• 5B second angled section of the reinforcement tape
• 10 extrusion plastic profile
• 11 outer wall
• 15 insulating glass pane
• A Distance between the reinforcement tape and the inside of the outer wall
• D Wall thickness of an outer wall
• d thickness of a connection layer
• S axis of gravity
• α _A angle between the first angled section and the reinforcement band
• α _B angle between the second angled section and the reinforcement band

Claims (11)

1. Composite profile from plastics material, configured as a hollow profile having at least two reinforcement strips which are disposed in the interior,
   wherein the at least two reinforcement strips (1A, 1B) at least in part are formed from thermoplastic plastics material having embedded continuous glass fibres and / or mineral fibres and / or other reinforcement fibres, and at least one of the reinforcement strips (1A, 1B) comprises at least one portion (5A, 5B) which is angled in a manner parallel to the longitudinal axis of the composite profile (10),
   characterized in that
   the spacing (A) between the at least two reinforcement strips (1A, 1B) and the internal side of the respective neighbouring external wall (11) of the composite profile (10) in the region of the non-angled portion corresponds to 0.1 to 3 times the wall thickness (D) of the external wall (11).
2. Composite profile according to Claim 1, characterized in that the angle (α_A, α_B) between the at least one angled portion (5A, 5B) and the non-angled portion of the at least two reinforcement strips (1A, 1B) is more than 10° and less than 150°, in particular between 20° and 90°.
3. Composite profile according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the spacing (A) between the at least two reinforcement strips (1A, 1B) and the internal side of the respective assigned external wall (11) of the composite profile (10) is between 0.1 and 10 mm, in particular between 0.5 and 3 mm.
4. Composite profile according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the at least two reinforcement strips (1A, 1B) comprises a proportion of glass fibres and/or mineral fibres and/or other reinforcement fibres of 30 to 70% by volume, said fibres being embedded in a thermoplastic matrix, in particular PET.
5. Composite profile according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized by at least one spacer (2) for establishing the defined spacing (A) between the at least two reinforcement strips (1A, 1B) and the internal side of the composite profile (10).
6. Composite profile according to Claim 5, characterized in that at least one spacer (2), in the longitudinal direction of the composite profile (10) is disposed on at least one of the two reinforcement strips (1A, 1B), in particular moulded so as to be integral to the reinforcement strip (1A, 1B) and / or to the plastics-material profile of the composite profile (10), in particular as a ridge, disposed on the wall of the composite profile (10), and / or configured as a separate part.
7. Composite profile according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a profiling (3), in particular a linear profiling and / or knurling for achieving a friction-locking and/or positive-locking connection to the extruded plastics-material profile (10) is disposed on at least one periphery on each of the at least two reinforcement strips (1A, 1B).
8. Composite profile according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least two reinforcement strips (1A, 1B) for establishing a materially integral connection to the extruded plastics-material profile (10) by welding have a connection layer (4) on the surface.
9. Composite profile according to Claim 8, characterized in that the connection layer (4) comprises a proportion of PVC.
10. Composite profile according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least two reinforcement strips (1A, 1B) for increasing the moment of resistance are disposed in the external region of the plastics-material profile (10), in particular at a spacing from the centre-of-gravity axis line (S) which is more than 0.7 times the spacing (H) of the external periphery from the centre-of-gravity axis line (S).
11. Method for producing a composite profile according to at least one of Claims 1 to 10,
    characterized in that
    at least an angle-bending and / or a profiling (3) of a periphery of the at least one of the at least two reinforcement strips (1A, 1B) takes place in-line with the extrusion process, or at least an angle-bending and / or a profiling on at least one of the at least two reinforcement strips (1A, 1B) takes place prior to the introduction into an extrusion nozzle, wherein this is caused by thermal forming, wherein at least one of the at least two reinforcement strips (1A, 1B) is disposed in the composite profile in such a manner that the spacing (A) between the at least two reinforcement strips (1A, 1B) and the internal side of the respective neighbouring external wall (11) of the composite profile (10) in the region of the non-angled portion corresponds to 0.1 to 3 times the wall thickness (D) of the external wall (11).

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