EP2577987A1 - Lautsprechervorrichtung mit umlaufender, trichterförmiger schallaustrittsöffnung - Google Patents
Lautsprechervorrichtung mit umlaufender, trichterförmiger schallaustrittsöffnungInfo
- Publication number
- EP2577987A1 EP2577987A1 EP11721529.3A EP11721529A EP2577987A1 EP 2577987 A1 EP2577987 A1 EP 2577987A1 EP 11721529 A EP11721529 A EP 11721529A EP 2577987 A1 EP2577987 A1 EP 2577987A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sound
- conducting channel
- loudspeaker
- loudspeaker device
- outlet opening
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 19
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000269400 Sirenidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000009205 Tinnitus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
- H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
- H04R1/34—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means
- H04R1/345—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means for loudspeakers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K9/00—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
- H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only
- H04R1/30—Combinations of transducers with horns, e.g. with mechanical matching means, i.e. front-loaded horns
Definitions
- Loudspeaker device with circumferential, funnel-shaped sound outlet opening
- the invention relates to a loudspeaker device comprising at least one sound generating means, wherein in an Schallabstrahlraum of the sound generating means an at least partially sound conducting channel is arranged, which is adapted to direct the sound generating means emerging sound along the course of the sound conducting channel that the sound a trained as a sound outlet opening second end of the sound-conducting channel exits in a defined by the sound outlet beam angle from the speaker device.
- Loudspeaker devices which radiate the generated sound omnidirectionally have long been state of the art.
- a predominantly cone-shaped sound-reflecting medium is positioned in front of the sound generating unit in such a way that the radiated sound is reflected by the conical walls and radiated radially at a large angle about the axis of the cone axis. This is used, for example, in sirens and alarm systems technical application.
- corresponding devices are also advantageous for the transmission of speech and music, for example in the sound of large squares, halls, stadiums, shopping centers and the like. Accordingly, it is provided, for example, in the subject of the document DE 41 08 409 A1, to achieve a sound pressure gain simultaneously with the omnidirectional radiation of the sound. Accordingly, the soundproof border channels horny extended. This device is therefore also referred to as a ring horn.
- the aim of the subject matter of the document DE 198 49 401 A1 is to improve the efficiency of omnidirectional radiating loudspeaker devices in order to be able to supply large areas acoustically even with low amplifier power. Also in this document, a horn-like widening sound channel is described.
- the object of the device disclosed therein is a loudspeaker, wherein the sound emitted by the latter - after the sound pressure has been amplified by a horn - impinges on a mushroom-like device which deflects the sound omnidirectionally.
- a speaker device comprising at least one sound generating means, wherein in a Schallabstrahlraum of the sound generating means, an at least partially sound-conducting channel is arranged, which is adapted to direct sound emerging from the sound generating means along the course of the sound-conducting channel, that the sound exits the loudspeaker device at a second end of the sound-conducting channel designed as a sound outlet opening in a radiation angle defined by the sound exit opening, and wherein the sound-conducting channel partially comprises on an inner wall a predominantly sound-reflecting material and a predominantly sound-absorbing material, or sections thereof predominantly sound-reflecting and sections predominantly sound-absorbing is formed.
- the section-wise arrangement of predominantly sound-reflecting and predominantly sound-absorbing materials within the channel serves to reduce sound reflections. This reduces reflections between the sound-reflecting and sound-absorbing sections of the sound-conducting channel. As a result, the extended signal delays resulting from multiple reflections within the channel and the resulting in distortions and phase cancellations can be minimized, which in turn leads to an improved and clearer sound.
- a loudspeaker device which comprises at least one sound generating means, wherein an acoustically sounding channel is arranged in a sound emission direction which is suitable for sound emerging from the sound generating means along the path of the sound conducting duct directing that the sound exits the loudspeaker device at a second end of the sound-conducting channel designed as a sound outlet opening in a radiation angle defined by the sound outlet opening and wherein a cross-section of the sound-conducting channel over at least 50% of the length, preferably over at least the length 70%, particularly preferred over at least 80% of the length of the sound-conducting channel is designed to be substantially constant.
- the inner boundary of the sound-conducting channel is a radially inner surface and the outer boundary is a radially outer surface which delimits the sound-conducting channel along the course of its "substantially uniform cross-section" designates that the distance between the radially inner Deviation of less than 10% (based on the change in the distance between radially inner surface and radially outer surface along the course in relation to the length of the channel), preferably less however, as 5%, more preferably less than 2%, more preferably less than 1% are possible.
- the cross-section of the sound-conducting channel is constant over as large a range as possible in order to avoid the disadvantages of horn-like channels.
- a sound outlet which has a different cross-section of the sound-conducting channel cross section and thus defines a specific opening angle for the sound outlet. In this area extensions or constrictions are possible. It is also possible that in the region of the sound inlet opening of the constant cross-section is deviated.
- the sound entrance opening becomes the width in this region of the sound-conducting channel only defined by the radially outer surface.
- the upper and lower boundaries of the sound-conducting channel largely follow the shape of a respective curve, which corresponds to a section, preferably a quarter, a circumference or an ellipse circumference. This course has proven to be particularly advantageous, as this example, sound reflections can be minimized within the channel.
- a largely horizontal radiation of the sound offers a horizontal orientation of the speaker and thus a predominantly vertical sound radiation in the one opening of the sound-conducting channel in combination with sound-conducting channels whose course corresponds exactly to a quarter of a circumference or an ellipse circumference. This is advantageous, for example, if the loudspeaker device is arranged at the level of the receiver or the listener.
- the loudspeaker device is arranged at a different height, it is possible to provide courses of the sound-conducting channel which do not correspond to a quarter of a circumference or of an ellipse circumference, but are larger or smaller.
- courses of the sound-conducting channel which do not correspond to a quarter of a circumference or of an ellipse circumference, but are larger or smaller.
- the sound-conducting channel is as shorter as possible than exactly one quarter of a circumference or of an ellipse circumference.
- the sounding channel is ideally longer than exactly one quarter of a circumference or an ellipse circumference to redirect the sound in the direction of the ground.
- the predominantly sound-reflecting material is arranged within the sound-conducting channel on a radially inner surface and the predominantly sound-absorbing material within the sound-conducting channel on a radially outer surface.
- a sound inlet opening of the sound-conducting channel has an inner diameter which largely corresponds to an outer diameter of the loudspeaker and the sound inlet opening is in indirect contact with the loudspeaker.
- Indirect contact in this context means that the sound inlet opening of the sound-conducting channel is connected via a sound-absorbing element such as a rubber ring to the baffle of the speaker, but is largely decoupled from this.
- sound which is emitted by the loudspeaker passes directly through the sound inlet opening into the sound-conducting channel.
- the flush connection of the channel to the outer boundary of the loudspeaker ensures that sound waves can enter the sound-conducting channel without further hindrance.
- the loudspeaker device has at least two loudspeakers, at least one of which projects the sound at least partially vertically upwards and at least one another at least partially downwards and at least two loudspeakers in the sound emission direction of the sound generating means have a sound-conducting channel ,
- the sound-conducting channel of the speaker device is designed such that sound exits substantially radially over the entire circumference of the sound outlet opening, be arranged in the sound-conducting channel and / or in a path that travels the sound after exiting the sound outlet opening, parts of the speaker device can, which hinder or change a direct sound leakage.
- These parts of the speaker device which are arranged in the channel, in the sound outlet opening or in the Schallabstrahlraum, for example, be stabilizing elements that hold the cone-like element, which is the radially inner boundary of the channel.
- other elements such as cable guides or the like can run through the channel or the sound outlet opening or be arranged in the Schallabstrahlraum.
- the cable guides are used, for example, to supply additional loudspeakers or sound generating means. These may be power cables, fiber optic cables or other suitable cables. It is also possible to combine cable guides and stabilizing elements to common elements.
- sound-absorbing materials in the sound-conducting channel in the sound outlet opening or in the Schallabstrahlraum targeted.
- Such sound-absorbing elements make it possible, with the simultaneous operation of a plurality of such loudspeaker devices, to reduce negative sound effects which arise between the loudspeaker devices as a result of the possibly phase-shifted converging sound waves.
- an amplitude modulation such as a frequency quenching in the area between the loudspeakers can be contained.
- the particularly small angle of at least 5 °, in which the sound exits the sound outlet is preferably due to the targeted introduction of sound-absorbing materials in the sound-conducting channel.
- a preferred embodiment of the loudspeaker device is therefore characterized in that the sound outlet opening is widened in relation to the sound-conducting channel.
- the sound-conducting channel is arranged within a loudspeaker housing and the at least one sound outlet opening preferably represents an opening of the housing.
- Such a speaker device is provided as part of architectural constructions.
- this can be used as ceiling loudspeakers in public buildings such as railway stations, shopping malls, airports, business premises, market halls, stadiums, sports and concert halls. and multipurpose halls and others.
- the sound-conducting channel has the same cross-section over a large part of its length, that is neither widened nor narrowed nor changes in the shape of the cross-section and thus does not have the sound-pressure-boosting effects of horn loudspeakers, may be necessary be to increase the sound pressure by other means. Therefore, in a preferred embodiment of the loudspeaker device it is provided that the sound-conducting channel has sound-pressure-amplifying means. These may be, for example, elements that are introduced into the sound-conducting channel. For example, cams, rings, certain bulges, bulges or the like inside the sound-conducting channel may have sound pressure boosting effects.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic side view of a loudspeaker device
- FIG. 2 shows a section of a loudspeaker device in a housing
- FIG. 3 shows a side view of a loudspeaker device in an embodiment with two mutually opposing sound generating means
- FIG. 4 shows a section through a loudspeaker device within a loudspeaker housing in an embodiment with two mutually opposing sound generating means
- 5 shows a representation of sound-absorbing elements
- 6 shows a schematic plan view of a loudspeaker device within a loudspeaker enclosure with a circular base area
- FIG. 9 is a schematic side view of a loudspeaker device with capping of the tip of the cone-shaped radially inner surface of the sound-conducting channel
- FIG. 10 is a schematic side view of a loudspeaker device with perforation of the tip of the cone-shaped radially inner surface of the sound-conducting channel.
- FIG. 3 shows a side view of a loudspeaker device 1 in an embodiment with two mutually opposing sound generating means 3.
- each a sound-conducting channel 4 is arranged, which by the radial internal boundaries 5 and the radially outer boundaries 6 are defined.
- the radially inner boundaries 5 of the two sound-conducting channels 4 thereby form a common body 12, which resembles a known from card games diamond in the form, soft rotates about its longitudinal axis.
- the outer radius of this body 12 and thus also of the radially inner boundaries 5 is somewhat the same length as that of the corresponding radially outer boundaries 6.
- the two sound-conducting channels 4 are formed such that they open into separate sound outlet openings 10 ,
- two separate sound outlet openings 10 are formed, which can be very close to each other.
- the radially inner boundaries 5 it is also possible for the radially inner boundaries 5 to have a dial outer boundaries 6 has a reduced outer diameter, whereby the two sound-conducting channels 4 open into a common sound outlet opening 10.
- a combination with direct-emitting woofers is desirable in order to be able to image the entire gamut in a single loudspeaker. Therefore, theoretically for woofer a vertical arrangement of the sound generating means according to the invention with a sound deflection by means of a sound-conducting channel 4 is possible, but offers such a deflection for very low frequencies due to their physical properties not on. In such a case, a loudspeaker device 1 according to the invention can also be integrated into square or rectangular loudspeaker cabinets 11.
- Such wedges 14 can be introduced into the sound conducting channel 4 or the sound conducting channels 4 so as to exclude a certain area from the sound and / or to reduce the sound intensity in this area. As already described, this can be useful to avoid interference in the area directly between two speaker devices 1, or also to avoid the sound radiation directly on a wall in the vicinity of the speaker device 1 and thus to minimize unwanted sound reflections.
- the stabilizing means 3 which are arranged along the circumference of the speaker device 1 and which carry the radially inner boundaries 5. Since this stabilizing agent 13 are located in the sound outlet, the diameter is chosen as small as possible. In an embodiment with two mutually opposing sound generating means 3, however, by one or more of these stabilizing means 13, the cables are also used, which serve the power supply and / or control of a speaker device 1. In such a case, stronger versions of the stabilizing means 13 with internal cable routing are also possible. These stronger stabilizing means 3 are also capable of carrying additional weight through the second loudspeaker device 1 and of dampening vibrations.
- FIG. 8 shows a section through a loudspeaker device 1 in a suspended embodiment, for example as a ceiling loudspeaker.
- the ceiling 16 of the room is interrupted and has a recess 17, in which the loudspeaker device 1 is let in so far that the sound generating means 3 and located in the Schallabstrahlraum 2 radially outer boundary 6 of the sound-conducting channel 4 are completely embedded and are thus above the ceiling level.
- the radially inside Boundary 5 protrudes downward from the recess 17 and therefore ends below the plane which is formed by the ceiling 16.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Otolaryngology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Obtaining Desirable Characteristics In Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE201010021879 DE102010021879A1 (de) | 2010-05-28 | 2010-05-28 | Lautsprechervorrichtung mit umlaufender, trichterförmiger Schallaustrittsöffnung |
PCT/EP2011/058615 WO2011147902A1 (de) | 2010-05-28 | 2011-05-26 | Lautsprechervorrichtung mit umlaufender, trichterförmiger schallaustrittsöffnung |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2577987A1 true EP2577987A1 (de) | 2013-04-10 |
EP2577987B1 EP2577987B1 (de) | 2018-10-17 |
Family
ID=44262905
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP11721529.3A Not-in-force EP2577987B1 (de) | 2010-05-28 | 2011-05-26 | Lautsprechervorrichtung mit umlaufender, trichterförmiger schallaustrittsöffnung |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8824718B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2577987B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP5774093B2 (de) |
CN (1) | CN102845078B (de) |
BR (1) | BR112012030161A2 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2795676C (de) |
DE (1) | DE102010021879A1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2706400T3 (de) |
RU (1) | RU2573037C2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2011147902A1 (de) |
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US20140270310A1 (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2014-09-18 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Acoustic waveguide for conference phone realtime communications |
RU2547897C2 (ru) * | 2013-07-26 | 2015-04-10 | Открытое акционерное общество "Военно-промышленная корпорация "Научно-производственное объединение машиностроения" | Электростатический громкоговоритель с широкой диаграммой направленности |
DE102013012721B4 (de) * | 2013-08-01 | 2016-06-09 | Johnson Controls Automotive Electronics Gmbh | Kraftfahrzeugkombinationsinstrument mit einem Helmholtz-Resonator als Akustikkörper |
CN103686528A (zh) * | 2013-12-29 | 2014-03-26 | 苏州市峰之火数码科技有限公司 | 定向节能音箱 |
KR102049052B1 (ko) * | 2014-09-30 | 2019-11-27 | 애플 인크. | 라우드스피커 |
USRE49437E1 (en) | 2014-09-30 | 2023-02-28 | Apple Inc. | Audio driver and power supply unit architecture |
US9544681B2 (en) * | 2015-01-31 | 2017-01-10 | Bose Corporation | Acoustic deflector for omni-directional speaker system |
US10397696B2 (en) | 2015-01-31 | 2019-08-27 | Bose Corporation | Omni-directional speaker system and related devices and methods |
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CN108464010B (zh) | 2016-01-14 | 2020-04-14 | 哈曼国际工业有限公司 | 表面安装式扬声器的多路径声壁耦合 |
CN105744437B (zh) * | 2016-05-11 | 2019-12-03 | 四川汗瑞翔科技有限责任公司 | 水平全向强声器 |
US10631071B2 (en) | 2016-09-23 | 2020-04-21 | Apple Inc. | Cantilevered foot for electronic device |
US10257608B2 (en) | 2016-09-23 | 2019-04-09 | Apple Inc. | Subwoofer with multi-lobe magnet |
US10290302B2 (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2019-05-14 | Google Llc | Compact home assistant with combined acoustic waveguide and heat sink |
CN106792397A (zh) * | 2017-02-27 | 2017-05-31 | 广州市声讯电子科技有限公司 | 高效宽频多通路组合扬声器系统 |
US10306356B2 (en) | 2017-03-31 | 2019-05-28 | Bose Corporation | Acoustic deflector as heat sink |
USD872054S1 (en) | 2017-08-04 | 2020-01-07 | Bose Corporation | Speaker |
CN109474867B (zh) * | 2017-09-07 | 2023-09-19 | 潘博 | 用于传播声波的波导装置 |
US10911849B2 (en) * | 2017-09-20 | 2021-02-02 | Mitek Corp., Inc. | Direct fire small ceiling speaker system |
US10425739B2 (en) | 2017-10-03 | 2019-09-24 | Bose Corporation | Acoustic deflector with convective cooling |
US10397694B1 (en) | 2018-04-02 | 2019-08-27 | Sonos, Inc. | Playback devices having waveguides |
US10499128B2 (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2019-12-03 | Sonos, Inc. | Playback devices having waveguides with drainage features |
CN108429990A (zh) * | 2018-05-03 | 2018-08-21 | 四川斐讯信息技术有限公司 | 一种可调音的智能音箱 |
KR102571518B1 (ko) * | 2018-10-17 | 2023-08-28 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 복수의 스피커를 포함하는 전자 장치 |
JP7212264B2 (ja) * | 2019-01-17 | 2023-01-25 | オンキヨー株式会社 | ディフューザー、および、これを備えるスピーカー、電子楽器 |
CN111586537B (zh) * | 2019-02-19 | 2021-08-24 | 纬创资通股份有限公司 | 具有可替换式导音组件的扬声器 |
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JP2022145578A (ja) * | 2021-03-19 | 2022-10-04 | ヤマハ株式会社 | 放音制御装置 |
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DE19958836A1 (de) * | 1999-11-29 | 2001-05-31 | Deutsche Telekom Ag | Verfahren und Anordnung zur Verbesserung der Kommunikation in einem Fahrzeug |
WO2002074030A1 (en) * | 2001-03-07 | 2002-09-19 | Harman International Industries, Inc. | Sound system having a hf horn coaxially aligned in the mouth of a midrange horn |
JP2004343229A (ja) * | 2003-05-13 | 2004-12-02 | Falcon Kk | 全指向性スピーカーシステム |
CA2645852C (en) | 2006-03-15 | 2013-12-24 | Thomas J. Danley | Sound reproduction with improved low frequency characteristics |
DE102007019450A1 (de) | 2007-04-10 | 2008-10-16 | Michael Schwahn | Omnidirektional abstrahlender und aufnehmender Schalltrichter |
GB2459338A (en) * | 2008-04-25 | 2009-10-28 | Paul Graham Dobson | Omni-directional loudspeaker |
RU2377738C1 (ru) * | 2008-06-23 | 2009-12-27 | Владимир Юрьевич Данилов | Акустический излучатель (варианты) |
-
2010
- 2010-05-28 DE DE201010021879 patent/DE102010021879A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2011
- 2011-05-26 CN CN201180017858.3A patent/CN102845078B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-05-26 RU RU2012139665/28A patent/RU2573037C2/ru active
- 2011-05-26 BR BR112012030161A patent/BR112012030161A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-05-26 EP EP11721529.3A patent/EP2577987B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2011-05-26 ES ES11721529T patent/ES2706400T3/es active Active
- 2011-05-26 US US13/639,364 patent/US8824718B2/en active Active
- 2011-05-26 CA CA2795676A patent/CA2795676C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-05-26 JP JP2013511678A patent/JP5774093B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-05-26 WO PCT/EP2011/058615 patent/WO2011147902A1/de active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2011147902A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
RU2573037C2 (ru) | 2016-01-20 |
CA2795676A1 (en) | 2011-12-01 |
EP2577987B1 (de) | 2018-10-17 |
DE102010021879A1 (de) | 2011-12-01 |
RU2012139665A (ru) | 2014-07-10 |
JP5774093B2 (ja) | 2015-09-02 |
US8824718B2 (en) | 2014-09-02 |
BR112012030161A2 (pt) | 2018-05-15 |
CN102845078B (zh) | 2016-01-27 |
WO2011147902A1 (de) | 2011-12-01 |
JP2013527719A (ja) | 2013-06-27 |
CN102845078A (zh) | 2012-12-26 |
ES2706400T3 (es) | 2019-03-28 |
US20130058518A1 (en) | 2013-03-07 |
CA2795676C (en) | 2018-08-14 |
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