EP2562287A2 - Procédé et dispositif destinés à la pulvérisation thermique de matériaux de revêtement - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif destinés à la pulvérisation thermique de matériaux de revêtement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2562287A2
EP2562287A2 EP12181320A EP12181320A EP2562287A2 EP 2562287 A2 EP2562287 A2 EP 2562287A2 EP 12181320 A EP12181320 A EP 12181320A EP 12181320 A EP12181320 A EP 12181320A EP 2562287 A2 EP2562287 A2 EP 2562287A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ultrasound
wire
coating material
spraying
melted
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP12181320A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2562287A3 (fr
Inventor
Martin Burger
Hans-Henning Witzmann
Sigurd Schrader
Friedhelm Heinrich
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Technische Hochschule Wildau
Original Assignee
Technische Hochschule Wildau
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Technische Hochschule Wildau filed Critical Technische Hochschule Wildau
Publication of EP2562287A2 publication Critical patent/EP2562287A2/fr
Publication of EP2562287A3 publication Critical patent/EP2562287A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B17/00—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups
    • B05B17/04—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods
    • B05B17/06—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/129—Flame spraying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/131—Wire arc spraying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/20—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed by flame or combustion
    • B05B7/201—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed by flame or combustion downstream of the nozzle
    • B05B7/203—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed by flame or combustion downstream of the nozzle the material to be sprayed having originally the shape of a wire, rod or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/22—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc
    • B05B7/222—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc using an arc
    • B05B7/224—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc using an arc the material having originally the shape of a wire, rod or the like

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and an apparatus for thermal spraying of coating materials.
  • the DE 102 52 437 A1 describes an ultrasonic standing wave atomizer assembly for generating a paint spray for painting a workpiece.
  • the ultrasonic standing wave atomizer assembly is designed to increase the sprayed paint quantity, ie the paint rate, during a painting process, while maintaining a selected range of droplet sizes.
  • a stationary ultrasonic field with selected maxima is generated, wherein pipe sections for applying paint are provided in the region of the stationary ultrasonic field.
  • Characteristic here is that a liquid present paint in the ultrasonic field in droplet form transferred, that is atomized.
  • a disadvantage of this arrangement is the need for a complex control technique that controls and regulates the formation of the ultrasonic wave maxima.
  • the frequencies or the frequency range for the formation of the maxima are limited at a given distance of the opposite sound surfaces.
  • the DE 37 35 787 A1 describes a method and apparatus for atomizing at least one jet of liquid, preferably molten metal, wherein the liquids are passed through the ultrasonic field within a compressed gaseous medium.
  • the detected as disadvantageous low ultrasonic power is encountered with a compressed gaseous medium. With the compressed, that is under pressure medium, a higher energy transfer of the ultrasonic field is possible. The high density of the gas thus promotes the sound transmission, in particular because of better impedance matching.
  • the ultrasonic oscillators are arranged perpendicular or transverse to the beam direction. It is also characteristic here that a jet of liquid material is atomized only by means of a downstream ultrasonic field.
  • the gaseous, compressed medium merely increases the efficiency of the ultrasound transmission.
  • a disadvantage of this arrangement is the need to use a compressed, so under pressure gaseous medium.
  • the spray materials usually metals or their alloys, but also ceramics, carbides or plastics / polymers, melted by the supply of thermal energy, melted or melted and accelerated by means of a gas jet.
  • thermal spraying involves processes in which spray additives inside or outside spraying equipment are melted, melted or melted onto prepared surfaces and the surfaces are not melted.”
  • DIN EN 657 includes i.a. the following methods under the term “thermal spraying” together: arc spraying, plasma spraying, detonation spraying, laser spraying, induction spraying, molten bath spraying and (wire) flame spraying.
  • the impinging droplets or particles dig into the surface of the workpiece (mechanical stapling mechanism).
  • the impinging mostly still liquid coating material adapts to the contour of the surface to be coated, which on cooling to the formation of shrinkage stresses in the deposited layer can lead.
  • Mechanical clamping is an essential adhesive mechanism, but not the only one, with no detailed reference to the different adhesive mechanisms, depending on the material.
  • thermal energy can take place, inter alia, in the form of electrical energy (arc spraying and plasma spraying) or chemical energy by burning liquid or gaseous fuels (for example wire flame spraying). In some cases, the energy is coupled in optically, inductively or capacitively.
  • the spray material is already present in some processes as a powder or as a suspension and is supplied by means of a suitable conveying device (for example plasma spraying, flame spraying).
  • spray wire In many cases, however, is used on spraying materials in the form of wires, cored wires, rods or cords (collectively referred to as "spray wire").
  • spray material after melting must first be atomized by a suitable atomizing gas before it is accelerated by the most common gas and spun onto the surface of the workpiece.
  • a suitable atomizing gas Depending on the process and requirements for the materials, compressed air, inert gases such as nitrogen, argon or helium, reactive or reducing gases (oxygen or hydrogen), gas mixtures or simply the combustion gases which also supply the thermal energy are used as atomizing gas.
  • Gas stream atomization is a stochastic, random process that results in a broad size distribution with particles of less than one micron up to more than 200 microns in diameter, which occur simultaneously (polydisperse).
  • the known methods for producing thermal spray coatings on the surface of a workpiece have the disadvantage that very large particles in the gas jet are accelerated only insufficient, whereas small particles can already solidify before impact, which has a negative effect on the layer properties.
  • control variable is primarily the speed of the atomizing gas flow.
  • the gas flow can be influenced only to a limited extent by the choice of gas type, pressure, gas temperature or nozzle geometry, but the problem of a broad particle size distribution remains.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method and a device for thermal spraying of coating materials, wherein the disadvantages known from the prior art are avoided and the droplet size distribution or the spray particle size distribution of the coating materials can be specifically influenced.
  • thermal spraying is preferably understood to mean wire flame spraying and arc spraying, the latter being preferred.
  • the mixture of fuel gas and oxygen or compressed air simultaneously serves as a means of melting and as a sputtering gas
  • arc spraying only a Zerstäubergas is used, since the melting takes place through the arc.
  • Combustion gas is synonymously understood as meaning the mixture of fuel gas or liquid fuel and oxygen or compressed air.
  • the ultrasound is coupled directly into the coating material to be melted by exposing at least one ultrasonic generator directly to the coating material to be melted, i. the spray wire, is brought into contact.
  • the ultrasound is indirectly coupled into the coating material to be melted by bringing the at least one ultrasound generator into contact with the meltable coating material via a contact-containing wire guide.
  • the ultrasound is indirectly coupled into the coating material to be melted by arranging at least one ultrasound generator in the gas flow of the atomizer or the combustion gas or the gas nozzle or burner nozzle itself being designed as an ultrasound generator indirectly injects the ultrasound via the gas stream in the réelleschmelzende coating material.
  • the ultrasound is coupled directly into the coating material to be melted by forming the ultrasound by means of modulation or pulse-like variation of the current of the current supply, the current changing direction (polarity change), the current direction change within Tenth of a second to picoseconds occurs and the current is between 0.01 amps and 3000 amps. This is particularly applicable to arc spraying.
  • the ultrasound is coupled directly into the coating material to be melted by forming the ultrasound by means of modulation or pulsed variation of the atomizing gas stream or of the combustion gas stream.
  • the ultrasound is in the frequency range from 15 kHz to 10 MHz.
  • the sprayed from the coating material spray particles are accelerated by means of atomizing gas or combustion gas at speeds of ten meters per second up to 1500 meters per second.
  • the atomizing gas or the combustion gas is preheated, preferably to temperatures above room temperature, more preferably to 100-1000 ° C., most preferably to 300-600 ° C. This preheating takes place exclusively during arc spraying.
  • the object is further achieved according to the invention by a device having at least one spray wire (1, 1 ') withticianschmelzendem wire end (2, 2') and at least one Drahtzu Foodvoriques (3, 3 '), which wire feed (4, 4') and contact-making wire guide (5, 5 '), wherein at least one ultrasonic generator (6, 6') on at least one spray wire (1, 1 ') is arranged.
  • thermal spraying are wire flame spraying and arc spraying.
  • a burner nozzle (7) in which the melted end (2) of the at least one spray wire (1) is located.
  • This burner nozzle (7) has entrances for fuel gas (8) and oxygen / compressed air (9), the mixture of which supplies the combustion gas.
  • fuel gases the common process gases or flammable liquids are used, in particular acetylene, propane, ethene, methane, natural gas, hydrogen, acetylene being preferred.
  • the apparatus for carrying out the method comprises a first and second spray wire (1, 1 ') with wire ends (2, 2') to be fused and two wire feeders (3, 3 '), each of which wire feed (4, 4') and contacting wire guide (5, 5 '), as well as electrical connections (10, 10') for the generation of the arc (11) between the fusible wire ends (2, 2 ').
  • the at least one ultrasound generator is arranged either on the first or second spray wire (1, 1 ').
  • two ultrasonic transmitters (6, 6 ') are provided, one of which is arranged on the first and the other on the second spray wire (1, 1').
  • This preferred form with two ultrasonic transmitters applies both to direct and indirect coupling of the ultrasound into the spray wires (explained in more detail below).
  • the at least one or the ultrasound transmitters (6, 6 ') are arranged directly on at least one or on the first and / or second spray wire (1, 1') and thus directly couple the ultrasound.
  • the at least one or the ultrasound transmitters (6, 6 ') are arranged on the wire guide (5, 5') and thus couple the ultrasound into the at least one or the first and / or second spray wire (FIG. 1, 1 ') indirectly.
  • At least one ultrasound generator (6) is arranged in the gas flow (12) in the flow direction, wherein the ultrasound generator (6) directs the ultrasound indirectly via the gas flow (12) of the atomizing or combustion gas into the at least one or the first and / or second spray wire (1, 1 ') coupled.
  • a narrow spray particle size distribution is achieved by means of ultrasound application, which in the ideal case is monodisperse, ie all particles have the same size.
  • particle size distributions result in which at least 50 percent of the particles differ in diameter less than twenty percent from an average, preferably 70 percent of the particles in diameter deviate less than 15 percent from the mean, and most preferably more than 90 percent of the particles in diameter less than 10 percent of the mean value, whereby the mean value can be set by the frequency of the ultrasound. Because of the low dynamic viscosity at very high surface tension of liquid metals, the atomization by means of ultrasound for metals works particularly well in comparison to water or melted plastics.
  • the mean spray particle size depends on the frequency of the ultrasound. Possible sizes are between 200 microns to less than a micrometer. Favorable particle sizes are from a few microns to a few tens of microns, depending on material and application. Higher frequencies result in smaller particles and vice versa. A controlled adjustment of a defined size of the particles produced is desirable because different applications are to be realized. For example, where closed non-porous spray coatings are desired, smaller particles are produced, i. higher frequencies of ultrasound applied. When porous layers are desired, a lower frequency of ultrasound is used to produce larger particles which then form porous layers when applied to the substrate.
  • the oxidation plays an increasingly important role, whereby the oxidation can be reduced or prevented with a shielding gas (relevant in arc spraying). Small spray particles can better follow the gas flow, which is advantageous for a controlled coating process.
  • Fig. 1 shows a device for wire flame spraying, in which a spray wire 1 is held with a fusible wire end 2 of a wire feeder 3 or guided.
  • This wire feed device 3 consists of a wire feed 4 and a wire guide 5, wherein the ultrasonic generator 6 is arranged directly on the latter.
  • the spray wire 1 continues to pass through a burner nozzle 7, which has accesses for fuel gas 8 and accesses for oxygen / compressed air.
  • the combustion gas whose temperature is above the melting temperature of the spray wire 1, melts the spray wire 1 at the wire end 2 to be melted.
  • the spray stream 22, which contains spray particles 23, is formed by the gas stream 12. These form the sprayed layer 24 when it strikes the substrate 25.
  • ultrasonic vibrations are introduced directly into the spray wire. This results in advantages that little control technology is required and a high efficiency compared to methods that are known from the prior art, is achieved.
  • Fig. 2 shows an apparatus for arc spraying with injection wires 1, 1 ', which have to be melted wire ends 2, 2'.
  • the spray wires are guided by wire feeders 3, 3 'which consist of wire feeders 4, 4' and wire guides 5, 5 ', with the ultrasonic transmitters 6, 6' being arranged directly on the latter.
  • Electrical connections 10, 10 'in conjunction with the power supply 14 are used to generate the arc 11.
  • the arc 11 to be melted wire ends 2, 2' of the spray wires 1, 1 'melted resulting from the gas flow 12 in the molten zone 21 of the spray jet 22 is generated, which contains the spray particles 23. These are applied to the substrate 25 when impinging as a spray coating 24.
  • ultrasonic vibrations are also introduced directly into the spray wire. This results in advantages that little control technology is required and a high efficiency compared to methods that are known from the prior art, is achieved.
  • Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of the arc spraying, wherein the ultrasonic vibrations indirectly in the spray wires 1, 1 'to be melted wire ends 2, 2' introduced become.
  • the apparatus shown comprising wire feeders 3, 3 'with wire feeders 4, 4' and wire guides 5, 5 'corresponds to the one in FIG Fig. 2 shown.
  • the ultrasound generator 6 is arranged here in the gas flow 12, so that the ultrasonic waves are transmitted to the atomizing gas and then to the wire ends 2, 2 'to be fused.
  • the ultrasonic vibrations are introduced in this embodiment in the gas stream 12 (impedance matching necessary), but not transversely to this, but in the flow direction, preferably before the gas stream 12, the arc 11 with the réelleschmelzenden spray material (1,1 ', 2, 2') passes ,
  • Another advantage here is the simple integration into existing systems.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
EP12181320.8A 2011-08-24 2012-08-22 Procédé et dispositif destinés à la pulvérisation thermique de matériaux de revêtement Withdrawn EP2562287A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011081513 2011-08-24

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2562287A2 true EP2562287A2 (fr) 2013-02-27
EP2562287A3 EP2562287A3 (fr) 2014-05-21

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EP12181320.8A Withdrawn EP2562287A3 (fr) 2011-08-24 2012-08-22 Procédé et dispositif destinés à la pulvérisation thermique de matériaux de revêtement

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EP (1) EP2562287A3 (fr)
DE (1) DE102012107076A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105327804A (zh) * 2015-11-15 2016-02-17 水利部杭州机械设计研究所 新型超音速电弧喷枪、喷涂装置及制备Fe-Cr-Ni复合涂层的方法
CN105855558A (zh) * 2016-05-31 2016-08-17 宝鸡万品金属科技有限公司 用超声波振动雾化制备微细球状金属粉末的设备及工艺
CN106191868A (zh) * 2016-07-14 2016-12-07 浙江农业商贸职业学院 一种基于超声波的三维模型表面处理装置

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3735787A1 (de) 1987-09-22 1989-03-30 Stiftung Inst Fuer Werkstoffte Verfahren und vorrichtung zum zerstaeuben mindestens eines strahls eines fluessigen stoffs, vorzugsweise geschmolzenen metalls
DE10252437A1 (de) 2002-11-12 2004-05-27 Abb Patent Gmbh Ultraschall-Stehwellen-Zerstäuberanordnung

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB666315A (en) * 1942-10-29 1952-02-13 Corp Sa Edras Improvements in methods for treating surfaces of metallic work-pieces
DE932107C (de) * 1942-10-29 1955-08-25 Rene Paul Delaplace Verfahren zur Herstellung von Metallbelaegen oder -ueberzuegen aus einer Legierung zweier Metalle
DE3438634A1 (de) * 1984-10-22 1986-04-24 Belorusskij institut mechanizacii sel'skogo chozjajstva, Minsk Verfahren zum auftragen von verschleissfesten werkstoffen sowie vorrichtung zu dessen durchfuehrung
DE102009031360A1 (de) * 2009-07-02 2011-01-05 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Drahtverbraucher mit einer Drahtfördereinrichtung

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3735787A1 (de) 1987-09-22 1989-03-30 Stiftung Inst Fuer Werkstoffte Verfahren und vorrichtung zum zerstaeuben mindestens eines strahls eines fluessigen stoffs, vorzugsweise geschmolzenen metalls
DE10252437A1 (de) 2002-11-12 2004-05-27 Abb Patent Gmbh Ultraschall-Stehwellen-Zerstäuberanordnung

Non-Patent Citations (3)

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Title
"Modern Surface Technology", 2004, WILEY-VCH
E. BEYER: "Vorlesungsskript", 2005, TU DRESDEN, article "thermisches Spritzen"
GÜNTER WOZNIAK: "Zerstäubungstechnik", 2003, SPRINGER

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105327804A (zh) * 2015-11-15 2016-02-17 水利部杭州机械设计研究所 新型超音速电弧喷枪、喷涂装置及制备Fe-Cr-Ni复合涂层的方法
CN105855558A (zh) * 2016-05-31 2016-08-17 宝鸡万品金属科技有限公司 用超声波振动雾化制备微细球状金属粉末的设备及工艺
CN106191868A (zh) * 2016-07-14 2016-12-07 浙江农业商贸职业学院 一种基于超声波的三维模型表面处理装置
CN106191868B (zh) * 2016-07-14 2018-10-02 浙江农业商贸职业学院 一种基于超声波的三维模型表面处理装置

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Publication number Publication date
DE102012107076A1 (de) 2013-02-28
EP2562287A3 (fr) 2014-05-21

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