EP2468914B1 - Procédé et dispositif destinés à l'injection à arc électrique - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif destinés à l'injection à arc électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2468914B1
EP2468914B1 EP11010076.5A EP11010076A EP2468914B1 EP 2468914 B1 EP2468914 B1 EP 2468914B1 EP 11010076 A EP11010076 A EP 11010076A EP 2468914 B1 EP2468914 B1 EP 2468914B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wire
arc
preheated
preheating
stream
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP11010076.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2468914A1 (fr
Inventor
Peter Heinrich
Werner Krömmer
Jochen Prof. Dr. Schein
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Linde GmbH
Original Assignee
Linde GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102010064133A external-priority patent/DE102010064133A1/de
Priority claimed from DE102010064135A external-priority patent/DE102010064135A1/de
Application filed by Linde GmbH filed Critical Linde GmbH
Priority to EP11010076.5A priority Critical patent/EP2468914B1/fr
Publication of EP2468914A1 publication Critical patent/EP2468914A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2468914B1 publication Critical patent/EP2468914B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/22—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc
    • B05B7/222—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc using an arc
    • B05B7/224—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc using an arc the material having originally the shape of a wire, rod or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/131—Wire arc spraying

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for arc spraying, in which at least one wire-shaped spray additive is melted by means of electric current in an arc and atomized by means of a Zerstäubergasstrom and applied in the form of a particle stream on a workpiece, and a corresponding device.
  • Arc spraying is a thermal spraying process in which a wire-shaped spray additive is melted by means of electrical current, which generates an arc.
  • a corresponding device is z. B. in the US 2 982 845 A disclosed.
  • the order rate achieved with conventional systems is about 8 to 20 kg / h, the particle speed about 150 m / s.
  • the spray additive is melted with a thermal energy of about 4,000 ° C.
  • Usually produced layers have a thickness of 0.2 to 20 mm. While wires with a diameter between 1.6 and 3.2 mm are used in conventional systems, they are used in high-performance systems Wires up to 4.8 mm diameter used.
  • the temperature of the arc exceeds the melting temperature of the spray additive by far.
  • the thus overheated droplets may undergo metallurgical reactions with the workpiece surface at the point of impact or lead to the formation of diffusion zones. In this way, especially when using larger droplets, a particularly good adhesion and cohesion of the layer can be achieved.
  • the US 2002/130109 A1 discloses a burner for use in arc spraying.
  • a more stable arc is to be created by bending the electrode wires at least twice each so that the point of contact of the two wires, and therefore the arc itself, has high positional stability if fluctuations in currents and / or voltages occur.
  • the direct use of electrical energy causes a particularly good efficiency of the arc spraying technique. Due to the process, the selection of the spray additive material is limited to electrically conductive materials that can be supplied as wire. However, this limitation can be partially overcome by the use of cored wires (tube wires). By way of example, carbidic and / or ceramic components can also be sprayed in order to produce hard material layers. Arc spraying is particularly suitable for coating large-area parts. The areas of application include, among others, the corrosion protection, the wear protection, the production or coating of plain bearings and the "rescue" of incorrectly machined machine parts.
  • the present invention proposes a method for arc spraying in which at least one wire-shaped spray additive is melted by means of electric current and atomized by means of a Zerstäubergasstrom and applied in the form of a particle stream on a workpiece, and a corresponding device having the features of the independent Claims.
  • Preferred embodiments are subject of the dependent claims and the following description.
  • a melting behavior of one or more spray additives during arc spraying is improved by preheating at least one of the wire-shaped spray additives in the arc prior to melting. As it has been found according to the invention, this preheating of the filler achieves an increased melting rate.
  • a pre-heated spray additive stabilizes a melting process, resulting in more reproducible arc spraying results.
  • a molten by means of an arc spray additive can be better atomized and it can, for example due to changes in viscosity properties, an increase in the particle velocity can be effected.
  • the advantages achieved according to the invention include a significant saving of energy, and processing of higher melting materials of spray additives is made possible, since by preheating a larger amount of heat (namely, the preheating in addition to that of the arc) can be introduced. In particular, the formation of spatters can be reduced.
  • spritzers here larger wire detachments are meant, which are generated by short circuits and then uncontrolled, ie with non-adjustable speed, temperature and size, with splashes and then cause layer defects. Furthermore, the preheating can stabilize the overall melting process.
  • heating can be done individually for each wire. This is particularly advantageous in two-wire systems.
  • At least one wire-shaped spray additive material is preheated to a temperature which is between room temperature and a solidus temperature of the spray additive material.
  • the maximum heat can be introduced into a corresponding spray additive material and at the same time ensure that a corresponding wire-like material can be handled in a spraying device (for example by a feed device).
  • the atomising gas stream is particularly preferably preheated to a temperature which is between room temperature and 1000.degree. This can bring the maximum heat.
  • the atomizing gas stream is preheated. This can, as already mentioned, increase its speed and / or increase the total amount of energy in the system on.
  • the increased Geschwindikeit is particularly very advantageous if on the wire heating already one, in particular a wire-individual, influencing the corresponding material properties has been made. Heating of wire and atomizing gas flow thus possibly provides a disproportionate added value. It can also be done by means of the heating means mentioned below.
  • At least one wire-shaped spray additive material and / or the atomizer gas stream is preheated to a temperature which is selected as a function of a material composition, a material quantity and / or a feed rate of the spray additive material. Due to such a procedure, for example, changing wire diameters or material compositions can be taken into account with particular advantage.
  • significant advantages can be achieved by preheating at least one wire-shaped filler material and / or the atomizer gas flow to a temperature that is selected as a function of a composition and / or a volume flow of the atomizer gas flow.
  • a speed of the atomizing gas flow in particular the Size of the forming droplets influenced. If a temperature is additionally set as a function of a nebulizer gas flow, a defined droplet size and / or velocity can thereby be achieved.
  • At least one wire-shaped spray additive material and / or the atomizer gas stream by means of induction, by means of a plasma and / or by means of a flame, in particular by means of a fuel gas-oxygen flame preheated.
  • the heating by means of a plasma offers in wire heating the particular advantage that in this case also the surface of the wires used by impurities, oxidation products and the like can be cleaned, so that reduced requirements must be placed on the purity of the wires and / or their storage conditions. The process is thereby simpler and cheaper.
  • a heating device which contains an electric heater, through which the wire-shaped material is guided or through which or flows past the atomizer gas flow, is also advantageous for preheating.
  • Wire-shaped spray additive material and atomizing gas can also be preheated independently of one another and / or via a common preheating device.
  • the process of the invention can be used when two wire-shaped spray additives are used in arc spraying. These two wire-shaped spray additives can be preheated to the same or different temperatures before melting in the arc, so that, for example, an identical melting rate of two different wire materials is achieved.
  • the method according to the invention can also be used in other arc spraying techniques, for example single-wire, vacuum or vacuum single-wire arc spraying.
  • the method according to the invention can be used when in gaseous spraying Components composed nebulizer gas flow is used. These can For example, include nitrogen, argon, oxygen, hydrogen, helium and mixtures thereof in different proportions. As a result, for example, the thermal conductivity and / or the viscosity of the atomizing gas flow can be adjusted in a targeted manner. At least one of the components can then, if appropriate, be preheated and used to set a total heat.
  • such a device comprises at least one preheating device, which is provided for preheating at least one wire-shaped spray additive before melting in the arc and / or at least one preheating device, which is provided for preheating the Zerstäubergasstroms before sputtering of the spray additive.
  • This can be advantageously designed as a burner for generating a burner flame.
  • a fuel gas-oxygen burner as it is known from the prior art, are used.
  • a preheating device can also be designed as induction heating with an inductor with induction loop or coil.
  • a high-frequency (RF) ) Induction heating of known type can be used for example for heating one or both wires and / or for indirect heating of the atomizing gas flow, alone or in addition to a flame heating.
  • a single or multi-turn working coil (inductor) is provided, which is traversed by an alternating current of high frequency. In the vicinity of the coil thereby an electromagnetic alternating field is generated. If a conductor is introduced into this electromagnetic alternating field, a voltage is induced therein, which generates an alternating current.
  • Q I 2 R t (I: current, R: resistance, t: time)
  • a cooling device for example a water cooling
  • the HF induction heating is advantageously galvanically isolated from the other control components in order to ensure the greatest possible safety. It can be provided to provide interchangeable inductor elements, for example with different inner diameters, in order to ensure adaptability to different wire materials. Depending on the heat output to be introduced and the room requirements, a simple induction loop or a multi-turn inductor may be provided.
  • a preheating device which is set up as a plasma source can also be provided.
  • Plasma sources such as plasma torches, are known from the prior art and ensure a particularly efficient introduction of a large amount of energy.
  • the preheating device comprises an electric heater and is designed such that the wire-shaped filler material can be passed through it for preheating or that nebulizer gas can flow through it or along it to be preheated.
  • a plasma allows a cleaning of the surface of the filler material.
  • a wire-shaped spray additive and the nebulizer gas is preheated, it makes sense to use one and the same preheater (for example, with electric heater) through which the wire and the gas are passed.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an apparatus 100 for arc spraying according to the prior art.
  • a first 1 and a second 2 wire-shaped spray additive are each guided through each other by a wire guide 11, 21.
  • feed devices 12, 22 are provided in the form of rollers or rollers rotating in the direction of the arrow.
  • a current source 3 is provided, which is connected to the wire guides 11, 21 by means of electrical connections 31, 32 for loading the wire-shaped spray additives 1, 2.
  • an arc 30 is formed, through which the material of the wire-shaped spray additives 1, 2 is melted.
  • a nebulizer gas nozzle 4 is provided, by means of which a nebulizer gas flow 41 is provided and guided.
  • the atomizing gas flow 41 causes a sputtering of the wire additives 1, 2 melted in the arc 30 and a formation of a particle stream 5, which can be directed onto a workpiece 6.
  • FIG. 2 shows a device 200 for arc spraying according to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention in a schematic representation.
  • the device 200 comprises the essential elements of the device 100 FIG. 1 on.
  • preheating devices 10, 20 are provided for the wire-shaped spray additives 1, 2, which preferably surround the wire-shaped spray additives, for example in the form of a wire guide distal to the wire guides 11, 21.
  • the preheating devices 10, 20 be designed as an electric heater, burner, inductors and / or plasma sources.
  • the preheating devices 10, 20 may be configured the same or different and / or based on the same or different preheating principles.
  • preheating devices 10, 20 can be provided on the feed device side of the wire guides 11, 21.
  • FIG. 3 shows a further apparatus 200 for arc spraying according to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention in a schematic representation.
  • the device 110 comprises the essential elements of the device 100 FIG. 1 on.
  • a pre-heater 45 is provided for the atomizing gas flow 41, which preferably coaxially surrounds a supply line for the atomizing gas flow 41.
  • the preheater 45 may be configured as an electric heater, burner, inductor and / or plasma source.
  • Several preheating devices 45 may be provided, configured the same or different and / or based on the same or different preheating principles.
  • the preheating device 45 pre-heats the atomizing gas flow 41 before it reaches the arc 30. It can also be provided to provide the preheating device at a different position, which enables an effective preheating which is advantageously not in conflict with the application of current via the current source 3.
  • the preheating device 45 may be provided proximal to a nebulizer gas nozzle 4.
  • FIG. 4 shows a device 100 for arc spraying according to the prior art in partial section.
  • the device 100 has a housing 90, which is shown partially opened in a front region 91.
  • Wire-shaped sprayed addition materials 1, 2 are guided through a respective wire guide 11, 21.
  • a wire feed device (such as the wire feed devices 12, 22) is not shown here.
  • To control the feed speed serve adjusting 13, which can be arranged for example on the housing 90 or at another position.
  • a nebulizer gas nozzle 4 is provided, which via a Zerstäubergasan gleich 42 and is configured to form a nebulizer gas flow 41 and a particle stream 5 (both not shown). Between the wire-shaped spray additives 1, 2, an arc 30 forms.
  • FIG. 5 a device according to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in partial sectional view.
  • the device 300 comprises the essential elements of the device 100 FIG. 4 on.
  • a preheating device is provided for each wire filler material 1, 2 in the form of an inductor 70 with an induction loop or coil 71.
  • the inductors 70 are adapted to act on the induction loops 71 with radio frequency energy as previously explained.
  • the heating can be regulated by means of regulating devices 72, which can be provided on the housing 90.
  • a conduit 73 is provided for charging the respective inductors 70.
  • a device 400 for arc spraying according to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in partial section. Like device 300, device 400 comprises the essential features of device 100 FIG. 4 on.
  • preheating devices are provided, each of which is designed as a burner 80 for generating a burner flame 81.
  • a preheat amount can be adjusted by the burners 80 by means of a controller 82.
  • To feed the burner 80 supply lines for example, fuel gas and / or oxygen are provided.
  • FIG. 7 a device according to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in partial sectional view.
  • the device 120 comprises the essential elements of the device 100 FIG. 4 on.
  • the illustration of the preheating devices for the spray additives 1, 2 has been omitted.
  • a preheating device 45 for the atomizing gas flow 41 which is provided via leads 47 via a nozzle 4, is provided.
  • the heating can be regulated by means of a regulating device 46 which can be provided on the housing 90.
  • a regulating device 46 which can be provided on the housing 90.

Claims (11)

  1. Procédé de projection à l'arc électrique, lors duquel à l'aide de courant électrique, on fait fondre au moins un métal d'apport (1, 2) de projection sous forme de fil métallique dans un arc électrique (30) et on le pulvérise à l'aide d'un flux de gaz (41) de pulvérisation et on l'applique sous la forme d'un flux de particules (5) sur une pièce d'oeuvre (6), caractérisé en ce qu'on fait préchauffer par induction et/ou au plasma et/ou à l'aide d'une flamme (81) au moins un métal d'apport (1, 2) de projection sous forme de fil métallique avant la fusion dans l'arc électrique (30).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, lors duquel on fait préchauffer au moins un métal d'apport (1, 2) de projection sous forme de fil métallique à une température comprise entre la température ambiante et une température de solidus du métal d'apport (1, 2) de projection.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, lors duquel, avant la pulvérisation de l'au moins un métal d'apport de projection sous forme de fil métallique, on fait préchauffer par ailleurs le flux de gaz (41) de pulvérisation.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, lors duquel on fait préchauffer le flux de gaz (41) de pulvérisation à une température comprise entre la température ambiante et 1.000 °C.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, lors duquel on fait préchauffer au moins un métal d'apport (1, 2) de projection sous forme de fil métallique à une température que l'on choisit en fonction d'une composition de la matière, d'une quantité de matière et/ou d'une vitesse d'avance du métal d'apport (1, 2) de projection.
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, lors duquel on fait préchauffer au moins un métal d'apport (1, 2) de projection sous forme de fil métallique à une température que l'on choisit en fonction d'une composition et/ou d'un débit volumétrique du flux de gaz (41) de pulvérisation.
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, lors duquel on fait préchauffer l'au moins un métal d'apport (1, 2) de projection sous forme de fil métallique à l'aide d'une flamme de gaz combustible/oxygène et ou à l'aide d'un flux de gaz (41) de pulvérisation chauffé.
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, lors duquel on utilise au moins deux métaux d'apport (1, 2) de projection sous forme de fils métalliques et avant la fusion dans l'arc électrique (30), on les fait préchauffer à une même température ou à des températures différentes.
  9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, lors duquel on utilise un flux de gaz (41) de pulvérisation constitué de composants gazeux, qui comprennent l'azote, l'argon, l'oxygène, l'hydrogène, l'hélium et leurs mélanges dans différentes proportions.
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 9, lors duquel on fait préchauffer au moins l'un des composants gazeux du flux de gaz (41) de pulvérisation.
  11. Dispositif destiné à la projection à l'arc électrique qui est aménagé pour réaliser un procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, avec au moins un dispositif de préchauffage (10, 20, 70, 80) qui est mis à disposition pour préchauffer au moins un métal d'apport (1, 2) de projection sous forme de fil métallique avant la fusion dans l'arc électrique (30), l'au moins un dispositif de préchauffage (10, 20, 70, 80, 45) étant conçu sous la forme d'un brûleur (80) destiné à créer une flamme de brûleur (81) ou comportant un inducteur (70) avec une boucle d'induction et/ou une bobine d'induction (71) ou une source de plasma.
EP11010076.5A 2010-12-23 2011-12-22 Procédé et dispositif destinés à l'injection à arc électrique Not-in-force EP2468914B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11010076.5A EP2468914B1 (fr) 2010-12-23 2011-12-22 Procédé et dispositif destinés à l'injection à arc électrique

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010064133A DE102010064133A1 (de) 2010-12-23 2010-12-23 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Lichtbogenspritzen
DE102010064135A DE102010064135A1 (de) 2010-12-23 2010-12-23 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Lichtbogenspritzen
EP11003382 2011-04-21
EP11010076.5A EP2468914B1 (fr) 2010-12-23 2011-12-22 Procédé et dispositif destinés à l'injection à arc électrique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2468914A1 EP2468914A1 (fr) 2012-06-27
EP2468914B1 true EP2468914B1 (fr) 2016-09-21

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Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013112809A1 (de) * 2013-11-20 2015-05-21 Ks Aluminium-Technologie Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung einer gespritzten Zylinderlauffläche eines Zylinderkurbelgehäuses einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine sowie derartiges Zylinderkurbelgehäuse
JP2017043791A (ja) * 2015-08-24 2017-03-02 トヨタ自動車株式会社 溶射皮膜形成装置
CN105543767B (zh) * 2016-01-21 2018-12-18 刘岗 智能化熔射机

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2982845A (en) 1958-07-11 1961-05-02 Union Carbide Corp Electric arc spraying
DE3902736A1 (de) 1989-01-31 1990-08-02 Spraytec Oberflaechentech Lichtbogenspritzanlage zum hochleistungsspritzen von massiv- und fuelldraehten
FR2681538B1 (fr) * 1991-09-19 1995-03-24 Air Liquide Procede et dispositif de formation d'un depot par projection d'un materiau d'apport sur un substrat.
DE10111565C5 (de) * 2001-03-10 2005-07-21 Daimlerchrysler Ag Innenbrenner

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