EP2468914B1 - Method and device for arc spraying - Google Patents
Method and device for arc spraying Download PDFInfo
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- EP2468914B1 EP2468914B1 EP11010076.5A EP11010076A EP2468914B1 EP 2468914 B1 EP2468914 B1 EP 2468914B1 EP 11010076 A EP11010076 A EP 11010076A EP 2468914 B1 EP2468914 B1 EP 2468914B1
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- Prior art keywords
- wire
- arc
- preheated
- preheating
- stream
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
- B05B7/22—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc
- B05B7/222—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc using an arc
- B05B7/224—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc using an arc the material having originally the shape of a wire, rod or the like
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/131—Wire arc spraying
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for arc spraying, in which at least one wire-shaped spray additive is melted by means of electric current in an arc and atomized by means of a Zerstäubergasstrom and applied in the form of a particle stream on a workpiece, and a corresponding device.
- Arc spraying is a thermal spraying process in which a wire-shaped spray additive is melted by means of electrical current, which generates an arc.
- a corresponding device is z. B. in the US 2 982 845 A disclosed.
- the order rate achieved with conventional systems is about 8 to 20 kg / h, the particle speed about 150 m / s.
- the spray additive is melted with a thermal energy of about 4,000 ° C.
- Usually produced layers have a thickness of 0.2 to 20 mm. While wires with a diameter between 1.6 and 3.2 mm are used in conventional systems, they are used in high-performance systems Wires up to 4.8 mm diameter used.
- the temperature of the arc exceeds the melting temperature of the spray additive by far.
- the thus overheated droplets may undergo metallurgical reactions with the workpiece surface at the point of impact or lead to the formation of diffusion zones. In this way, especially when using larger droplets, a particularly good adhesion and cohesion of the layer can be achieved.
- the US 2002/130109 A1 discloses a burner for use in arc spraying.
- a more stable arc is to be created by bending the electrode wires at least twice each so that the point of contact of the two wires, and therefore the arc itself, has high positional stability if fluctuations in currents and / or voltages occur.
- the direct use of electrical energy causes a particularly good efficiency of the arc spraying technique. Due to the process, the selection of the spray additive material is limited to electrically conductive materials that can be supplied as wire. However, this limitation can be partially overcome by the use of cored wires (tube wires). By way of example, carbidic and / or ceramic components can also be sprayed in order to produce hard material layers. Arc spraying is particularly suitable for coating large-area parts. The areas of application include, among others, the corrosion protection, the wear protection, the production or coating of plain bearings and the "rescue" of incorrectly machined machine parts.
- the present invention proposes a method for arc spraying in which at least one wire-shaped spray additive is melted by means of electric current and atomized by means of a Zerstäubergasstrom and applied in the form of a particle stream on a workpiece, and a corresponding device having the features of the independent Claims.
- Preferred embodiments are subject of the dependent claims and the following description.
- a melting behavior of one or more spray additives during arc spraying is improved by preheating at least one of the wire-shaped spray additives in the arc prior to melting. As it has been found according to the invention, this preheating of the filler achieves an increased melting rate.
- a pre-heated spray additive stabilizes a melting process, resulting in more reproducible arc spraying results.
- a molten by means of an arc spray additive can be better atomized and it can, for example due to changes in viscosity properties, an increase in the particle velocity can be effected.
- the advantages achieved according to the invention include a significant saving of energy, and processing of higher melting materials of spray additives is made possible, since by preheating a larger amount of heat (namely, the preheating in addition to that of the arc) can be introduced. In particular, the formation of spatters can be reduced.
- spritzers here larger wire detachments are meant, which are generated by short circuits and then uncontrolled, ie with non-adjustable speed, temperature and size, with splashes and then cause layer defects. Furthermore, the preheating can stabilize the overall melting process.
- heating can be done individually for each wire. This is particularly advantageous in two-wire systems.
- At least one wire-shaped spray additive material is preheated to a temperature which is between room temperature and a solidus temperature of the spray additive material.
- the maximum heat can be introduced into a corresponding spray additive material and at the same time ensure that a corresponding wire-like material can be handled in a spraying device (for example by a feed device).
- the atomising gas stream is particularly preferably preheated to a temperature which is between room temperature and 1000.degree. This can bring the maximum heat.
- the atomizing gas stream is preheated. This can, as already mentioned, increase its speed and / or increase the total amount of energy in the system on.
- the increased Geschwindikeit is particularly very advantageous if on the wire heating already one, in particular a wire-individual, influencing the corresponding material properties has been made. Heating of wire and atomizing gas flow thus possibly provides a disproportionate added value. It can also be done by means of the heating means mentioned below.
- At least one wire-shaped spray additive material and / or the atomizer gas stream is preheated to a temperature which is selected as a function of a material composition, a material quantity and / or a feed rate of the spray additive material. Due to such a procedure, for example, changing wire diameters or material compositions can be taken into account with particular advantage.
- significant advantages can be achieved by preheating at least one wire-shaped filler material and / or the atomizer gas flow to a temperature that is selected as a function of a composition and / or a volume flow of the atomizer gas flow.
- a speed of the atomizing gas flow in particular the Size of the forming droplets influenced. If a temperature is additionally set as a function of a nebulizer gas flow, a defined droplet size and / or velocity can thereby be achieved.
- At least one wire-shaped spray additive material and / or the atomizer gas stream by means of induction, by means of a plasma and / or by means of a flame, in particular by means of a fuel gas-oxygen flame preheated.
- the heating by means of a plasma offers in wire heating the particular advantage that in this case also the surface of the wires used by impurities, oxidation products and the like can be cleaned, so that reduced requirements must be placed on the purity of the wires and / or their storage conditions. The process is thereby simpler and cheaper.
- a heating device which contains an electric heater, through which the wire-shaped material is guided or through which or flows past the atomizer gas flow, is also advantageous for preheating.
- Wire-shaped spray additive material and atomizing gas can also be preheated independently of one another and / or via a common preheating device.
- the process of the invention can be used when two wire-shaped spray additives are used in arc spraying. These two wire-shaped spray additives can be preheated to the same or different temperatures before melting in the arc, so that, for example, an identical melting rate of two different wire materials is achieved.
- the method according to the invention can also be used in other arc spraying techniques, for example single-wire, vacuum or vacuum single-wire arc spraying.
- the method according to the invention can be used when in gaseous spraying Components composed nebulizer gas flow is used. These can For example, include nitrogen, argon, oxygen, hydrogen, helium and mixtures thereof in different proportions. As a result, for example, the thermal conductivity and / or the viscosity of the atomizing gas flow can be adjusted in a targeted manner. At least one of the components can then, if appropriate, be preheated and used to set a total heat.
- such a device comprises at least one preheating device, which is provided for preheating at least one wire-shaped spray additive before melting in the arc and / or at least one preheating device, which is provided for preheating the Zerstäubergasstroms before sputtering of the spray additive.
- This can be advantageously designed as a burner for generating a burner flame.
- a fuel gas-oxygen burner as it is known from the prior art, are used.
- a preheating device can also be designed as induction heating with an inductor with induction loop or coil.
- a high-frequency (RF) ) Induction heating of known type can be used for example for heating one or both wires and / or for indirect heating of the atomizing gas flow, alone or in addition to a flame heating.
- a single or multi-turn working coil (inductor) is provided, which is traversed by an alternating current of high frequency. In the vicinity of the coil thereby an electromagnetic alternating field is generated. If a conductor is introduced into this electromagnetic alternating field, a voltage is induced therein, which generates an alternating current.
- Q I 2 R t (I: current, R: resistance, t: time)
- a cooling device for example a water cooling
- the HF induction heating is advantageously galvanically isolated from the other control components in order to ensure the greatest possible safety. It can be provided to provide interchangeable inductor elements, for example with different inner diameters, in order to ensure adaptability to different wire materials. Depending on the heat output to be introduced and the room requirements, a simple induction loop or a multi-turn inductor may be provided.
- a preheating device which is set up as a plasma source can also be provided.
- Plasma sources such as plasma torches, are known from the prior art and ensure a particularly efficient introduction of a large amount of energy.
- the preheating device comprises an electric heater and is designed such that the wire-shaped filler material can be passed through it for preheating or that nebulizer gas can flow through it or along it to be preheated.
- a plasma allows a cleaning of the surface of the filler material.
- a wire-shaped spray additive and the nebulizer gas is preheated, it makes sense to use one and the same preheater (for example, with electric heater) through which the wire and the gas are passed.
- FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an apparatus 100 for arc spraying according to the prior art.
- a first 1 and a second 2 wire-shaped spray additive are each guided through each other by a wire guide 11, 21.
- feed devices 12, 22 are provided in the form of rollers or rollers rotating in the direction of the arrow.
- a current source 3 is provided, which is connected to the wire guides 11, 21 by means of electrical connections 31, 32 for loading the wire-shaped spray additives 1, 2.
- an arc 30 is formed, through which the material of the wire-shaped spray additives 1, 2 is melted.
- a nebulizer gas nozzle 4 is provided, by means of which a nebulizer gas flow 41 is provided and guided.
- the atomizing gas flow 41 causes a sputtering of the wire additives 1, 2 melted in the arc 30 and a formation of a particle stream 5, which can be directed onto a workpiece 6.
- FIG. 2 shows a device 200 for arc spraying according to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention in a schematic representation.
- the device 200 comprises the essential elements of the device 100 FIG. 1 on.
- preheating devices 10, 20 are provided for the wire-shaped spray additives 1, 2, which preferably surround the wire-shaped spray additives, for example in the form of a wire guide distal to the wire guides 11, 21.
- the preheating devices 10, 20 be designed as an electric heater, burner, inductors and / or plasma sources.
- the preheating devices 10, 20 may be configured the same or different and / or based on the same or different preheating principles.
- preheating devices 10, 20 can be provided on the feed device side of the wire guides 11, 21.
- FIG. 3 shows a further apparatus 200 for arc spraying according to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention in a schematic representation.
- the device 110 comprises the essential elements of the device 100 FIG. 1 on.
- a pre-heater 45 is provided for the atomizing gas flow 41, which preferably coaxially surrounds a supply line for the atomizing gas flow 41.
- the preheater 45 may be configured as an electric heater, burner, inductor and / or plasma source.
- Several preheating devices 45 may be provided, configured the same or different and / or based on the same or different preheating principles.
- the preheating device 45 pre-heats the atomizing gas flow 41 before it reaches the arc 30. It can also be provided to provide the preheating device at a different position, which enables an effective preheating which is advantageously not in conflict with the application of current via the current source 3.
- the preheating device 45 may be provided proximal to a nebulizer gas nozzle 4.
- FIG. 4 shows a device 100 for arc spraying according to the prior art in partial section.
- the device 100 has a housing 90, which is shown partially opened in a front region 91.
- Wire-shaped sprayed addition materials 1, 2 are guided through a respective wire guide 11, 21.
- a wire feed device (such as the wire feed devices 12, 22) is not shown here.
- To control the feed speed serve adjusting 13, which can be arranged for example on the housing 90 or at another position.
- a nebulizer gas nozzle 4 is provided, which via a Zerstäubergasan gleich 42 and is configured to form a nebulizer gas flow 41 and a particle stream 5 (both not shown). Between the wire-shaped spray additives 1, 2, an arc 30 forms.
- FIG. 5 a device according to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in partial sectional view.
- the device 300 comprises the essential elements of the device 100 FIG. 4 on.
- a preheating device is provided for each wire filler material 1, 2 in the form of an inductor 70 with an induction loop or coil 71.
- the inductors 70 are adapted to act on the induction loops 71 with radio frequency energy as previously explained.
- the heating can be regulated by means of regulating devices 72, which can be provided on the housing 90.
- a conduit 73 is provided for charging the respective inductors 70.
- a device 400 for arc spraying according to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in partial section. Like device 300, device 400 comprises the essential features of device 100 FIG. 4 on.
- preheating devices are provided, each of which is designed as a burner 80 for generating a burner flame 81.
- a preheat amount can be adjusted by the burners 80 by means of a controller 82.
- To feed the burner 80 supply lines for example, fuel gas and / or oxygen are provided.
- FIG. 7 a device according to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in partial sectional view.
- the device 120 comprises the essential elements of the device 100 FIG. 4 on.
- the illustration of the preheating devices for the spray additives 1, 2 has been omitted.
- a preheating device 45 for the atomizing gas flow 41 which is provided via leads 47 via a nozzle 4, is provided.
- the heating can be regulated by means of a regulating device 46 which can be provided on the housing 90.
- a regulating device 46 which can be provided on the housing 90.
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Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Lichtbogenspritzen, bei dem mittels elektrischen Stroms wenigstens ein drahtförmiger Spritzzusatzwerkstoff in einem Lichtbogen aufgeschmolzen und mittels eines Zerstäubergasstroms zerstäubt und in Form eines Partikelstroms auf ein Werkstück aufgebracht wird, sowie eine entsprechende Vorrichtung.The present invention relates to a method for arc spraying, in which at least one wire-shaped spray additive is melted by means of electric current in an arc and atomized by means of a Zerstäubergasstrom and applied in the form of a particle stream on a workpiece, and a corresponding device.
Beim Lichtbogenspritzen handelt es sich um ein thermisches Spritzverfahren, bei dem mittels elektrischen Stroms, durch den ein Lichtbogen erzeugt wird, ein drahtförmiger Spritzzusatzwerkstoff aufgeschmolzen wird. Eine entsprechende Vorrichtung ist z. B. in der
Hierzu werden üblicherweise zwei elektrisch leitende, metallische Drähte verwendet, die als Elektroden kontinuierlich abgeschmolzen werden, sogenannte Eindrahtverfahren sind jedoch ebenfalls bekannt. An die Drähte, die mittels einer Vorschubeinrichtung in einem Winkel unter sich kontinuierlich verringerndem Abstand aufeinander zu geführt werden und mit einer Stromquelle leitend verbunden sind, wird eine Spannung von üblicherweise 15 bis 50 V angelegt. Bei hinreichend geringem Abstand der Drahtenden zueinander zündet ein Lichtbogen. Ein Zerstäubergasstrom löst die Schmelze von den Drahtenden ab und beschleunigt diese in Form eines Partikelstroms feinster Tröpfchen auf ein zu beschichtendes Werkstück. Größe und Form der Tröpfchen lassen sich durch die Wahl der jeweiligen Zerstäubungsbedingungen einstellen. Im Allgemeinen führen hohe Flussraten des verwendeten Zerstäubergases zu feinen Partikeln, die naturgemäß mit hoher Geschwindigkeit auf das Werkstück auftreffen.For this purpose, usually two electrically conductive, metallic wires are used, which are continuously melted off as electrodes, but so-called single-wire methods are also known. To the wires, which are guided by means of a feed device at an angle under continuously decreasing distance towards each other and are conductively connected to a current source, a voltage of usually 15 to 50 V is applied. At sufficiently small distance of the wire ends to each other ignites an arc. A nebulizer gas stream dissolves the melt from the wire ends and accelerates them in the form of a particle flow of very fine droplets on a workpiece to be coated. The size and shape of the droplets can be adjusted by selecting the respective atomization conditions. In general, high flow rates of the nebulizer gas used lead to fine particles, which naturally impinge on the workpiece at high speed.
Die mit üblichen Anlagen erzielte Auftragsleistung beträgt etwa 8 bis 20 kg/h, die Partikelgeschwindigkeit etwa 150 m/s. Der Spritzzusatzwerkstoff wird mit einer thermischen Energie von etwa 4.000 °C aufgeschmolzen. Üblicherweise erzeugte Schichten weisen eine Dicke von 0,2 bis 20 mm auf. Während in konventionellen Anlagen Drähte mit einem Durchmesser zwischen 1,6 und 3,2 mm zum Einsatz kommen, werden in Hochleistungsanlagen Drähte bis zu 4,8 mm Durchmesser verwendet.Die Temperatur des Lichtbogens übertrifft die Schmelztemperatur des Spritzzusatzwerkstoffs bei weitem. Die hierdurch überhitzten Tröpfchen können an der Auftreffstelle metallurgische Reaktionen mit der Werkstückoberfläche eingehen oder zur Ausbildung von Diffusionszonen führen. Hierdurch kann, insbesondere bei der Verwendung größerer Tröpfchen, eine besonders gute Haftung und Kohäsion der Schicht erzielt werden.The order rate achieved with conventional systems is about 8 to 20 kg / h, the particle speed about 150 m / s. The spray additive is melted with a thermal energy of about 4,000 ° C. Usually produced layers have a thickness of 0.2 to 20 mm. While wires with a diameter between 1.6 and 3.2 mm are used in conventional systems, they are used in high-performance systems Wires up to 4.8 mm diameter used. The temperature of the arc exceeds the melting temperature of the spray additive by far. The thus overheated droplets may undergo metallurgical reactions with the workpiece surface at the point of impact or lead to the formation of diffusion zones. In this way, especially when using larger droplets, a particularly good adhesion and cohesion of the layer can be achieved.
In diesem Zusammenhang ist ferner bekannt, den verwendeten Zerstäubergasstrom zu erhitzen. So offenbart die
Die
Die unmittelbare Nutzung der elektrischen Energie bewirkt einen besonders guten Wirkungsgrad der Lichtbogenspritztechnik. Prozessbedingt ist die Auswahl des Spritzzusatzwerkstoffs auf elektrisch leitfähige, als Draht bereitstellbare Werkstoffe beschränkt. Diese Einschränkung kann jedoch teilweise durch die Verwendung von Fülldrähten (Röhrchendrähten) überwunden werden. Beispielsweise können hierdurch auch carbidische und/oder keramische Komponenten gespritzt werden, um Hartstoffschichten herzustellen. Lichtbogenspritzen ist insbesondere zur Beschichtung von großflächigen Teilen geeignet. Die Einsatzgebiete umfassen unter anderem den Korrosionsschutz, den Verschleißschutz, die Herstellung oder Beschichtung von Gleitlagern und die "Rettung" fehlerhaft bearbeiteter Maschinenteile.The direct use of electrical energy causes a particularly good efficiency of the arc spraying technique. Due to the process, the selection of the spray additive material is limited to electrically conductive materials that can be supplied as wire. However, this limitation can be partially overcome by the use of cored wires (tube wires). By way of example, carbidic and / or ceramic components can also be sprayed in order to produce hard material layers. Arc spraying is particularly suitable for coating large-area parts. The areas of application include, among others, the corrosion protection, the wear protection, the production or coating of plain bearings and the "rescue" of incorrectly machined machine parts.
Beim Lichtbogenspritzen treten Probleme dadurch auf, dass das Auf- und Abschmelzverhalten der beiden aufeinander zu geführten Drähte, die jeweils als Anode und Kathode beschaltet sind, unterschiedlich ist. Dies führt zu einer unterschiedlichen, schwer zu kontrollierenden Tröpfchenbildung und hierdurch zu einer Verringerung der Qualität einer entsprechenden Beschichtung.During arc spraying, problems arise in that the melting and melting behavior of the two wires guided towards each other, which are each connected as anode and cathode, is different. This leads to a different, difficult to control droplet formation and thereby to a reduction in the quality of a corresponding coating.
Es besteht daher der Bedarf nach Verbesserungen beim Lichtbogenspritzen.There is therefore a need for improvements in arc spraying.
Vor diesem Hintergrund schlägt die vorliegende Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Lichtbogenspritzen, bei dem mittels elektrischen Stroms wenigstens ein drahtförmiger Spritzzusatzwerkstoff in einem Lichtbogen aufgeschmolzen und mittels eines Zerstäubergasstroms zerstäubt und in Form eines Partikelstroms auf ein Werkstück aufgebracht wird, sowie eine entsprechende Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen der unabhängigen Patentansprüche vor. Bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche sowie der nachfolgenden Beschreibung.Against this background, the present invention proposes a method for arc spraying in which at least one wire-shaped spray additive is melted by means of electric current and atomized by means of a Zerstäubergasstrom and applied in the form of a particle stream on a workpiece, and a corresponding device having the features of the independent Claims. Preferred embodiments are subject of the dependent claims and the following description.
Erfindungsgemäß wird ein Abschmelzverhalten eines oder mehrerer Spritzzusatzwerkstoffe beim Lichtbogenspritzen dadurch verbessert, dass wenigstens einer der drahtförmigen Spritzzusatzwerkstoffe vor dem Aufschmelzen in dem Lichtbogen vorgewärmt wird.Wie erfindungsgemäß herausgefunden werden konnte, wird durch dieses Vorwärmen des Zusatzwerkstoffs eine erhöhte Aufschmelzrate erzielt.According to the invention, a melting behavior of one or more spray additives during arc spraying is improved by preheating at least one of the wire-shaped spray additives in the arc prior to melting. As it has been found according to the invention, this preheating of the filler achieves an increased melting rate.
Durch einen vorgewärmten Spritzzusatzwerkstoff lässt sich ein Abschmelzprozess stabilisieren, was reproduzierbarere Ergebnisse beim Lichtbogenspritzen zur Folge hat. Ein mittels eines Lichtbogens aufgeschmolzener Spritzzusatzwerkstoff lässt sich besser zerstäuben und es kann, beispielsweise aufgrund veränderter Viskositätseigenschaften, eine Erhöhung der Partikelgeschwindigkeit bewirkt werden. Die erfindungsgemäß erzielten Vorteile beinhalten darüber hinaus eine signifikante Einsparung von Energie, und es wird ein Verarbeiten von höher schmelzenden Materialien Spritzzusatzwerkstoffen) ermöglicht, da durch die Vorwärmung eine größere Wärmemenge (nämlich die der Vorwärmung zusätzlich zu jener des Lichtbogens) eingebracht werden kann. Insbesondere lässt sich die Bildung von Spratzern reduzieren. Mit Spratzern sind hier größere Drahtablösungen gemeint, die durch Kurzschlüsse erzeugt werden und die dann unkontrolliert, also mit nicht einstellbarer Geschwindigkeit, Temperatur und Größe, mit verspritzt werden und dann Schichtdefekte verursachen. Des Weiteren kann durch die Vorwärmung insgesamt der Abschmelzprozess stabilisiert werden.A pre-heated spray additive stabilizes a melting process, resulting in more reproducible arc spraying results. A molten by means of an arc spray additive can be better atomized and it can, for example due to changes in viscosity properties, an increase in the particle velocity can be effected. Moreover, the advantages achieved according to the invention include a significant saving of energy, and processing of higher melting materials of spray additives is made possible, since by preheating a larger amount of heat (namely, the preheating in addition to that of the arc) can be introduced. In particular, the formation of spatters can be reduced. With spritzers here larger wire detachments are meant, which are generated by short circuits and then uncontrolled, ie with non-adjustable speed, temperature and size, with splashes and then cause layer defects. Furthermore, the preheating can stabilize the overall melting process.
Mehr als bei einer bekannten Erwärmung eines Zerstäubergasstroms kann eine Erwärmung drahtindividuell erfolgen. Dies ist insbesondere bei Zweidrahtanlagen vorteilhaft.More than with a known heating of a nebulizer gas flow, heating can be done individually for each wire. This is particularly advantageous in two-wire systems.
Mit besonderem Vorteil wird im Rahmen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wenigstens ein drahtförmiger Spritzzusatzwerkstoff auf eine Temperatur vorgewärmt, die zwischen Raumtemperatur und einer Solidustemperatur des Spritzzusatzwerkstoffs liegt. Hierdurch lässt sich die maximale Wärme in einen entsprechenden Spritzzusatzwerkstoff einbringen und gleichzeitig eine Handhabbarkeit eines entsprechenden drahtförmigen Werkstoffs in einer Spritzvorrichtung (beispielsweise durch eine Vorschubeinrichtung) sicherstellen. Mit besonderem Vorteil wird im Rahmen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens der Zerstäubergasstrom auf eine Temperatur vorgewärmt, die zwischen Raumtemperatur und 1.000 °C liegt. Hierdurch lässt sich die maximale Wärme einbringen.With particular advantage, in the context of the method according to the invention, at least one wire-shaped spray additive material is preheated to a temperature which is between room temperature and a solidus temperature of the spray additive material. In this way, the maximum heat can be introduced into a corresponding spray additive material and at the same time ensure that a corresponding wire-like material can be handled in a spraying device (for example by a feed device). In the context of the method according to the invention, the atomising gas stream is particularly preferably preheated to a temperature which is between room temperature and 1000.degree. This can bring the maximum heat.
Weitere Vorteile können erzielt werden, wenn zusätzlich der Zerstäubergasstrom vorgewärmt wird. Hierdurch lässt sich, wie bereits eingangs erwähnt, dessen Geschwindigkeit erhöhen und/oder die Gesamtenenergiemenge im System weiter steigern. Die erhöhte Geschwindikeit ist insbesondere dann sehr vorteilhaft, wenn über die Drahterwärmung bereits eine, insbesondere eine drahtindividuelle, Beeinflussung der entsprechenden Materialeigenschaften vorgenommen wurde. Eine Erwärmung von Draht und Zerstäubergasstrom liefert damit gegebenenfalls einen überproportionalen Mehrwert. Sie kann ebenfalls mittels der unten erwähnten Erwärmungseinrichtungen erfolgen.Further advantages can be achieved if in addition the atomizing gas stream is preheated. This can, as already mentioned, increase its speed and / or increase the total amount of energy in the system on. The increased Geschwindikeit is particularly very advantageous if on the wire heating already one, in particular a wire-individual, influencing the corresponding material properties has been made. Heating of wire and atomizing gas flow thus possibly provides a disproportionate added value. It can also be done by means of the heating means mentioned below.
Mit besonderem Vorteil wird wenigstens ein drahtförmiger Spritzzusatzwerkstoff oder/und der Zerstäubergasstrom auf eine Temperatur vorgewärmt, die in Abhängigkeit von einer Materialzusammensetzung, einer Materialmenge und/oder einer Vorschubgeschwindigkeit des Spritzzusatzwerkstoffs ausgewählt wird. Aufgrund eines derartigen Vorgehens können mit besonderem Vorteil beispielsweise sich verändernde Drahtdurchmesser oder Materialzusammensetzungen berücksichtigt werden. In entsprechender Weise lassen sich bedeutende Vorteile dadurch erzielen, dass wenigstens ein drahtförmiger Zusatzwerkstoff und/oder der Zerstäubergasstrom auf eine Temperatur vorgewärmt wird, die in Abhängigkeit von einer Zusammensetzung und/oder einem Volumenstrom des Zerstäubergasstroms ausgewählt wird. Wie erwähnt, wird durch eine Geschwindigkeit des Zerstäubergasstroms insbesondere die Größe der sich bildenden Tröpfchen beeinflusst. Wird nun eine Temperatur zusätzlich in Abhängigkeit von einem Zerstäubergasstrom eingestellt, kann hierdurch eine definierte Tröpfchengröße und/oder -geschwindigkeit erzielt werden.With particular advantage, at least one wire-shaped spray additive material and / or the atomizer gas stream is preheated to a temperature which is selected as a function of a material composition, a material quantity and / or a feed rate of the spray additive material. Due to such a procedure, for example, changing wire diameters or material compositions can be taken into account with particular advantage. Correspondingly, significant advantages can be achieved by preheating at least one wire-shaped filler material and / or the atomizer gas flow to a temperature that is selected as a function of a composition and / or a volume flow of the atomizer gas flow. As mentioned, by a speed of the atomizing gas flow in particular the Size of the forming droplets influenced. If a temperature is additionally set as a function of a nebulizer gas flow, a defined droplet size and / or velocity can thereby be achieved.
Mit besonderem Vorteil wird wenigstens ein drahtförmiger Spritzzusatzwerkstoff und/oder der Zerstäubergasstrom mittels Induktion, mittels eines Plasmas und/oder mittels einer Flamme, insbesondere mittels einer Brenngas-Sauerstoff-Flamme, vorgewärmt. Die Erwärmung mittels eines Plasmas bietet bei einer Drahterwärmung den besonderen Vorteil, dass sich hierbei auch die Oberfläche der verwendeten Drähte von Verunreinigungen, Oxidationsprodukten und dergleichen reinigen lässt, so dass an die Reinheit der Drähte und/oder deren Lagerbedingungen verringerte Anforderungen gestellt werden müssen. Das Verfahren wird dadurch einfacher und kostengünstiger.With particular advantage, at least one wire-shaped spray additive material and / or the atomizer gas stream by means of induction, by means of a plasma and / or by means of a flame, in particular by means of a fuel gas-oxygen flame preheated. The heating by means of a plasma offers in wire heating the particular advantage that in this case also the surface of the wires used by impurities, oxidation products and the like can be cleaned, so that reduced requirements must be placed on the purity of the wires and / or their storage conditions. The process is thereby simpler and cheaper.
Auch eine Heizeinrichtung, die einen elektrischen Heizer enthält, durch die der drahtförmige Werkstoff geführt wird bzw. durch die oder an der vorbei der Zerstäubergasstrom strömt, ist zum Vorwärmen vorteilhaft. Auch die Vorwärmung des drahtförmigen Zusatzwerkstoffs über den Zerstäubergasstrom, der seinerseits auf geeignete Temperaturen erwärmt sein kann, ist denkbar bzw. die Vorwärmung des Zerstäubergasstroms durch eine Vorwärmeeinrichtung für einen drahtförmigen Spritzzusatzstoff, der seinerseits vor dem Aufschmelzen in dem Lichtbogen vorgewärmt werden kann. Drahtförmiger Spritzzusatzwerkstoff und Zerstäubergas können auch unabhängig voneinander und/oder über eine gemeinsame Vorwärmeinrichtung vorgewärmt werden. Dem Fachmann sind aus dem Stand der Technik entsprechende Verfahren bekannt, die insgesamt eine besonders effiziente und definierte Einbringung von Wärme in Materialien gewährleisten.Mit besonderem Vorteil kann das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren dann zum Einsatz kommen, wenn beim Lichtbogenspritzen zwei drahtförmige Spritzzusatzstoffe verwendet werden. Diese zwei drahtförmigen Spritzzusatzwerkstoffe können vor dem Aufschmelzen in dem Lichtbogen auf gleiche oder unterschiedliche Temperaturen vorgewärmt werden, so dass beispielsweise eine identische Abschmelzrate zweier unterschiedlicher Drahtmaterialien erzielt wird. Wie erwähnt, kann das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren jedoch auch bei anderen Lichtbogenspritztechniken zum Einsatz kommen, beispielsweise dem Eindraht-, dem Vakuum- oder dem Vakuum-Eindraht-Lichtbogenspritzen.Mit besonderem Vorteil kann das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren dann zum Einsatz kommen, wenn beim Lichtbogenspritzen ein aus gasförmigen Komponenten zusammengesetzter Zerstäubergasstrom verwendet wird. Diese können beispielsweise Stickstoff, Argon, Sauerstoff, Wasserstoff, Helium und deren Gemische in unterschiedlichen Anteilen umfassen. Hierdurch kann gezielt z.B. die Wärmeleitfähigkeit und/oder die Viskosität des Zerstäubergasstroms eingestellt werden. Wenigstens eine der Komponenten kann dann, gegebenenfalls separat, vorgewärmt und zur Einstellung einer Gesamtwärme verwendet werden.A heating device which contains an electric heater, through which the wire-shaped material is guided or through which or flows past the atomizer gas flow, is also advantageous for preheating. The preheating of the wire-shaped filler material via the Zerstäubergasstrom, which in turn can be heated to suitable temperatures, is conceivable or preheating the Zerstäubergasstroms by a preheating device for a wire-shaped spray additive, which in turn can be preheated before melting in the arc. Wire-shaped spray additive material and atomizing gas can also be preheated independently of one another and / or via a common preheating device. The person skilled in the art is aware of processes known from the prior art which ensure a particularly efficient and defined introduction of heat into materials. With particular advantage, the process of the invention can be used when two wire-shaped spray additives are used in arc spraying. These two wire-shaped spray additives can be preheated to the same or different temperatures before melting in the arc, so that, for example, an identical melting rate of two different wire materials is achieved. However, as mentioned, the method according to the invention can also be used in other arc spraying techniques, for example single-wire, vacuum or vacuum single-wire arc spraying. With particular advantage, the method according to the invention can be used when in gaseous spraying Components composed nebulizer gas flow is used. these can For example, include nitrogen, argon, oxygen, hydrogen, helium and mixtures thereof in different proportions. As a result, for example, the thermal conductivity and / or the viscosity of the atomizing gas flow can be adjusted in a targeted manner. At least one of the components can then, if appropriate, be preheated and used to set a total heat.
Bezüglich der erfindungsgemäß vorgesehenen Vorrichtung zum Lichtbogenspritzen sei auf die verfahrensseitig erläuterten Merkmale und Vorteile ausdrücklich verwiesen. Insbesondere weist eine derartige Vorrichtung wenigstens eine Vorwärmeinrichtung auf, die zum Vorwärmen wenigstens eines drahtförmigen Spritzzusatzwerkstoffes vor dem Aufschmelzen in dem Lichtbogen bereitgestellt ist und/oder wenigstens eine Vorwärmeeinrichtung auf, die zum Vorwärmen des Zerstäubergasstroms vor dem Zerstäuben des Spritzzusatzwerkstoffes bereitgestellt ist. Diese kann vorteilhafterweise als Brenner zur Erzeugung einer Brennerflamme ausgebildet sein. Insbesondere kann hierbei ein Brenngas-Sauerstoff-Brenner, wie er aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt ist, zum Einsatz kommen.Mit besonderem Vorteil kann eine Vorwärmeinrichtung auch als Induktionsheizung mit einem Induktor mit Induktionsschleife oder -spule ausgebildet sein.Eine Hochfrequenz-(HF-)Induktionsheizung bekannter Art kann beispielsweise zur Erwärmung eines oder beider Drähte und/oder zur indirekten Erwärmung des Zerstäubergasstroms, alleine oder zusätzlich zu einer Flammerwärmung, verwendet werden. In derartigen HF-Induktionsheizungen wird eine ein- oder mehrwindige Arbeitsspule (Induktor) bereitgestellt, die von einem Wechselstrom hoher Frequenz durchflossen wird. In der Umgebung der Spule wird dadurch ein elektromagnetisches Wechselfeld erzeugt. Wird in dieses elektromagnetische Wechselfeld ein Leiter eingebracht, wird in diesem eine Spannung induziert, welche einen Wechselstrom erzeugt. Nach dem Jouleschen Gesetz wird gemäß Q = I2 R t (I: Stromstärke, R: Widerstand, t: Zeitdauer) im Ergebnis in den stromdurchflossenen Oberflächenbereichen des Leiters Wärme erzeugt. Zur Kühlung der Spule ist vorteilhafterweise eine Kühleinrichtung, beispielsweise eine Wasserkühlung, vorgesehen. Die HF-Induktionsheizung ist vorteilhafterweise von den übrigen Bedienkomponenten galvanisch getrennt, um eine größtmögliche Sicherheit zu gewährleisten.Es kann vorgesehen sein, austauschbare Induktorelemente, beispielsweise mit unterschiedlichen Innendurchmessern, vorzusehen, um eine Anpassbarkeit an unterschiedliche Drahtmaterialien zu gewährleisten. Je nach einzubringender Wärmeleistung und entsprechend den Raumerfordernissen kann eine einfache Induktionsschleife oder ein mehrwindiger Induktor vorgesehen sein.With regard to the apparatus according to the invention for arc spraying, reference is expressly made to the features and advantages explained on the method side. In particular, such a device comprises at least one preheating device, which is provided for preheating at least one wire-shaped spray additive before melting in the arc and / or at least one preheating device, which is provided for preheating the Zerstäubergasstroms before sputtering of the spray additive. This can be advantageously designed as a burner for generating a burner flame. In particular, in this case, a fuel gas-oxygen burner, as it is known from the prior art, are used. With particular advantage, a preheating device can also be designed as induction heating with an inductor with induction loop or coil. A high-frequency (RF) ) Induction heating of known type can be used for example for heating one or both wires and / or for indirect heating of the atomizing gas flow, alone or in addition to a flame heating. In such HF induction heaters, a single or multi-turn working coil (inductor) is provided, which is traversed by an alternating current of high frequency. In the vicinity of the coil thereby an electromagnetic alternating field is generated. If a conductor is introduced into this electromagnetic alternating field, a voltage is induced therein, which generates an alternating current. According to Joule's law, according to Q = I 2 R t (I: current, R: resistance, t: time), heat is generated in the current-carrying surface areas of the conductor as a result. For cooling the coil, a cooling device, for example a water cooling, is advantageously provided. The HF induction heating is advantageously galvanically isolated from the other control components in order to ensure the greatest possible safety. It can be provided to provide interchangeable inductor elements, for example with different inner diameters, in order to ensure adaptability to different wire materials. Depending on the heat output to be introduced and the room requirements, a simple induction loop or a multi-turn inductor may be provided.
Insbesondere kann auch eine Vorwärmeinrichtung vorgesehen sein, die als Plasmaquelle eingerichtet ist. Plasmaquellen, beispielsweise Plasmabrenner, sind aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt und gewährleisten eine besonders effiziente Einbringung einer großen Energiemenge.In einer einfachen vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung umfasst die Vorwärmeinrichtung einen elektrischen Heizer und ist derart ausgebildet, dass der drahtförmige Zusatzwerkstoff zur Vorwärmung durch sie hindurch geführt werden kann bzw. dass Zerstäubergas durch sie hindurch bzw. an ihr entlang strömen kann, um vorgewärmt zu werden. Wie erwähnt, erlaubt ein Plasma eine Reinigung der Oberfläche des Zusatzwerkstoffs. Für den Fall, dass ein drahtförmiger Spritzzusatzwerkstoff und das Zerstäubergas vorgewärmt wird, ist es sinnvoll, ein und dieselbe Vorwärmeinrichtung (beispielsweise mit elektrischem Heizer) zu verwenden, durch die der Draht und das Gas geführt werden.Weitere Vorteile und Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der Beschreibung und der beiliegenden Zeichnung.In particular, a preheating device which is set up as a plasma source can also be provided. Plasma sources, such as plasma torches, are known from the prior art and ensure a particularly efficient introduction of a large amount of energy. In a simple advantageous embodiment, the preheating device comprises an electric heater and is designed such that the wire-shaped filler material can be passed through it for preheating or that nebulizer gas can flow through it or along it to be preheated. As mentioned, a plasma allows a cleaning of the surface of the filler material. In the event that a wire-shaped spray additive and the nebulizer gas is preheated, it makes sense to use one and the same preheater (for example, with electric heater) through which the wire and the gas are passed. Further advantages and embodiments of the invention will become apparent the description and the enclosed drawing.
Es versteht sich, dass die vorstehend genannten und die nachstehend noch zu erläuternden Merkmale nicht nur in der jeweils angegebenen Kombination, sondern auch in anderen Kombinationen oder in Alleinstellung verwendbar sind, ohne den Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung zu verlassen.It is understood that the features mentioned above and those yet to be explained below can be used not only in the particular combination given, but also in other combinations or in isolation, without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Die Erfindung ist anhand eines Ausführungsbeispieles in der Zeichnung schematisch dargestellt und wird im Folgenden unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung ausführlich beschrieben.The invention is illustrated schematically with reference to an embodiment in the drawing and will be described in detail below with reference to the drawing.
- Figur 1FIG. 1
- zeigt in schematischer Darstellung eine Vorrichtung zum Lichtbogenspritzen gemäß dem Stand der Technik.shows a schematic representation of an apparatus for arc spraying according to the prior art.
- Figur 2 und 3FIGS. 2 and 3
- zeigen in schematischer Darstellung je eine Vorrichtung zum Lichtbogenspritzen gemäß einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung.show a schematic representation of a respective device for arc spraying according to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention.
- Figur 4FIG. 4
- zeigt in Teilschnittdarstellung eine Vorrichtung zum Lichtbogenspritzen gemäß dem Stand der Technik.shows a partial sectional view of an apparatus for arc spraying according to the prior art.
- Figur 5FIG. 5
- zeigt in Teilschnittdarstellung eine Vorrichtung zum Lichtbogenspritzen gemäß einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung.shows a partial sectional view of an apparatus for arc spraying according to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention.
- Figur 6FIG. 6
- zeigt in Teilschnittdarstellung eine Vorrichtung zum Lichtbogenspritzen gemäß einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung.shows a partial sectional view of an apparatus for arc spraying according to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention.
In den Figuren sind gleiche oder vergleichbare Elemente mit identischen Bezugszeichen angegeben und werden der Übersichtlichkeit halber nicht wiederholt erläutert.In the figures, identical or comparable elements are given identical reference numerals and will not be explained repeatedly for the sake of clarity.
In
In der Vorrichtung 100 werden ein erster 1 und ein zweiter 2 drahtförmiger Spritzzusatzwerkstoff durch jeweils eine Drahtführung 11, 21 aufeinander zu geführt. Zum Vorschub der drahtförmigen Spritzzusatzwerkstoffe 1, 2 aufeinander zu sind Vorschubeinrichtungen 12, 22 in Form von sich in Pfeilrichtung drehenden Walzen bzw. Rollen vorgesehen.In the
Ferner ist eine Stromquelle 3 vorgesehen, welche zur Beaufschlagung der drahtförmigen Spritzzusatzwerkstoffe 1, 2 über elektrische Verbindungen 31, 32 mit den Drahtführungen 11, 21 verbunden ist. In einem Bereich, in welchem die drahtförmigen Spritzzusatzwerkstoffe einen ausreichend geringen Abstand aufweisen, bildet sich ein Lichtbogen 30 aus, durch welchen das Material der drahtförmigen Spritzzusatzwerkstoffe 1, 2 aufgeschmolzen wird. Eine Zerstäubergasdüse 4 ist vorgesehen, mittels welcher ein Zerstäubergasstrom 41 bereitgestellt und geführt wird. Der Zerstäubergasstrom 41 bewirkt eine Zerstäubung der in dem Lichtbogen 30 aufgeschmolzenen Drahtzusatzwerkstoffe 1, 2 und eine Ausbildung eines Partikelstroms 5, welcher auf ein Werkstück 6 gerichtet werden kann.
In
Wenngleich in den vorstehenden Figuren für beide Drahtzusatzwerkstoffe 1, 2 identische Vorwärmeinrichtungen jeweils in Alleinstellung dargestellt wurden, sei zu verstehen gegeben, dass insbesondere auch vorgesehen sein kann, unterschiedliche Drahtzusatzwerkstoffe 1, 2 mit unterschiedlichen und/oder mehreren und/oder gemeinsamen Vorwärmeinrichtungen 10, 20 zu beaufschlagen. Beispielsweise kann vorgesehen sein, in einem ersten Schritt eine Vorwärmung mittels eines Brenners 80 und in einem zweiten Schritt eine Vorwärmung mittels eines Induktors 70 vorzusehen.Auch in
Zusätzlich ist bei Vorrichtung 120 eine Vorwärmeinrichtung 45 für den Zerstäubergasstrom 41, der über Zuleitungen 47 über eine Düse 4 bereitgestellt wird, vorgesehen. Die Erwärmung kann über eine Regeleinrichtung 46, die auf dem Gehäuse 90 vorgesehen sein kann, geregelt werden.Wenngleich im Zusammenhang mit den vorstehenden Figuren jeweils eine einzelne Vorwärmeinrichtung 45 angegeben wurde, sei zu verstehen gegeben, dass insbesondere auch vorgesehen sein kann, mehrere und/oder unterschiedliche Vorwärmeinrichtungen 45 bereitzustellen und/oder Drahtzusatzwerkstoffe 1, 2 mit unterschiedlichen und/oder mehreren und/oder gemeinsamen Vorwärmeinrichtungen 45 zu erwärmen. Beispielsweise kann vorgesehen sein, in einem ersten Schritt eine Vorwärmung mittels eines Brenners und in einem zweiten Schritt eine Vorwärmung mittels eines Induktors vorzusehen.In addition, in
Claims (11)
- Method for arc spraying, in which at least one spraying material (1, 2) in wire form is melted by means of electrical current in an arc (30) and is atomized by means of a stream of atomizer gas (41) and applied in the form of a stream of particles (5) to a workpiece (6), characterized in that at least one spraying material (1, 2) in wire form is preheated before melting in the arc (30) by means of induction and/or by means of a plasma and/or by means of a flame (81).
- Method according to Claim 1, in which at least one spraying material (1, 2) in wire form is preheated to a temperature between room temperature and a solidus temperature of the spraying material (1, 2).
- Method according to Claim 1 or 2, in which furthermore the stream of atomizer gas (41) is preheated before the atomizing of the at least one spraying material in wire form.
- Method according to Claim 3, in which the stream of atomizer gas (41) is preheated to a temperature between room temperature and 1000°C.
- Method according to one of Claims 1 to 4, in which at least one spraying material (1, 2) in wire form is preheated to a temperature which is selected in dependence on a material composition, a material amount and/or an advancing rate of the spraying material (1, 2).
- Method according to one of Claims 1 to 5, in which at least one spraying material (1, 2) in wire form is preheated to a temperature which is selected in dependence on a composition and/or a volumetric flow of the stream of atomizer gas (41).
- Method according to one of Claims 1 to 6, in which the at least one spraying material (1, 2) in wire form is preheated by means of a fuel gas/oxygen flame and/or by means of a heated stream of atomizer gas (41).
- Method according to one of the preceding claims, in which at least two spraying materials (1, 2) in wire form are used and are preheated before the melting in the arc (30) to the same temperature or to different temperatures.
- Method according to one of the preceding claims, in which a stream of atomizer gas (41) of gaseous components comprising nitrogen, argon, oxygen, hydrogen, helium and mixtures thereof in different proportions is used.
- Method according to Claim 9, in which at least one of the gaseous components of the stream of atomizer gas (41) is preheated.
- Device for arc spraying, which is designed for carrying out a method according to one of the preceding claims, comprising at least one preheating unit (10, 20, 70, 80), which is provided for preheating at least one spraying material (1, 2) in wire form before the melting in the arc (30), the at least one preheating unit (10, 20, 70, 80, 45) being designed as a burner (80) for producing a burner flame (81) or having an inductor (70) with an induction loop and/or induction coil (71) or a plasma source.
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DE102010064133A DE102010064133A1 (en) | 2010-12-23 | 2010-12-23 | Electric arc spraying, comprises melting wire-shaped spray material in electric arc by electrical current, and atomizing gas stream and applying on work piece by spraying in the form of particle stream |
DE102010064135A DE102010064135A1 (en) | 2010-12-23 | 2010-12-23 | Electric arc spraying, comprises melting wire-shaped spray material in electric arc by electrical current, and atomizing gas stream and applying on work piece by spraying in the form of particle stream |
EP11003382 | 2011-04-21 | ||
EP11010076.5A EP2468914B1 (en) | 2010-12-23 | 2011-12-22 | Method and device for arc spraying |
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JP2017043791A (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2017-03-02 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Spray coating film formation apparatus |
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US2982845A (en) | 1958-07-11 | 1961-05-02 | Union Carbide Corp | Electric arc spraying |
DE3902736A1 (en) | 1989-01-31 | 1990-08-02 | Spraytec Oberflaechentech | ARC SPRAYING SYSTEM FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE SPRAYING OF SOLID AND FILLED WIRE |
FR2681538B1 (en) * | 1991-09-19 | 1995-03-24 | Air Liquide | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR FORMING A DEPOSITION BY SPRAYING A SUPPLY MATERIAL ON A SUBSTRATE. |
DE10111565C5 (en) * | 2001-03-10 | 2005-07-21 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | internal burner |
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