EP2561409A1 - Organe de réglage pour un mécanisme d'horloge et procédé correspondant - Google Patents

Organe de réglage pour un mécanisme d'horloge et procédé correspondant

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Publication number
EP2561409A1
EP2561409A1 EP11716529A EP11716529A EP2561409A1 EP 2561409 A1 EP2561409 A1 EP 2561409A1 EP 11716529 A EP11716529 A EP 11716529A EP 11716529 A EP11716529 A EP 11716529A EP 2561409 A1 EP2561409 A1 EP 2561409A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
voltage
coil spring
circuit
spring
rectifier
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP11716529A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2561409B1 (fr
Inventor
Konrad Schafroth
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TEAM SMARTFISH GmbH
Original Assignee
TEAM SMARTFISH GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by TEAM SMARTFISH GmbH filed Critical TEAM SMARTFISH GmbH
Publication of EP2561409A1 publication Critical patent/EP2561409A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2561409B1 publication Critical patent/EP2561409B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/20—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/22—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency for the effect of variations of temperature
    • G04B17/227—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency for the effect of variations of temperature composition and manufacture of the material used
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
    • G04B17/06—Oscillators with hairsprings, e.g. balance
    • G04B17/066—Manufacture of the spiral spring
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C3/00—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means
    • G04C3/04—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance
    • G04C3/047—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance using other coupling means, e.g. electrostrictive, magnetostrictive

Definitions

  • Control device for a clockwork and corresponding method
  • the invention relates to a mechanical timepiece whose control element comprises a restlessness, a spiral spring and an electronic circuit with a quartz oscillator.
  • the gear train is a kind of gearbox that transmits and translates the great energy of the barrel to small wheels (minute, low floor, second and escape wheel).
  • the escapement acts as a connecting link between the gear train and the balance for the clock transmission and releases the drive energy from the barrel to the unrest via the escapement wheel and the armature and keeps it from vibrating.
  • the escapement controlled by the control element, frees and stops the gear train very precisely
  • the control organ comprises a coil spring and a balance.
  • the balance is similar to a pendulum, always with the help of the
  • Spiral spring is returned to the rest position and thus ensures the steady clock of the clock.
  • the balance oscillates at 8800A / h, or eight times a second, or nearly 700 ⁇ 00 times a day. These intervals cause the hands to indicate the "correct time" on the dial.
  • a disadvantage of the mechanical watch compared to the electronic watch is that the gear of the watch goes through Layer changes, fluctuating temperature, magnetism, dust, are adversely affected by irregular mounting and oiling.
  • EP848842 discloses a movement whose spring drives a time display and a generator supplying an alternating voltage via a gear train.
  • the generator feeds a voltage converter circuit, the voltage converter circuit feeds a capacitive
  • the electronic control circuit has a comparator logic circuit and an energy dissipation circuit connected to an output of the comparator logic circuit and controllable by the comparator logic circuit in their power consumption.
  • An input of the comparator logic circuit is connected to the electronic reference circuit and another input of the comparator logic circuit to the generator via a comparator stage and a
  • the comparator logic circuit is adapted to compare a clock signal from the electronic reference circuit with a clock signal from the generator, and controls the magnitude of the power consumption of the electronic control circuit over the amount of power consumption of the energy dissipation circuit, depending on the result of this comparison this way, via the control of the control circuit power consumption regulates the gear of the generator and thus the course of the time display.
  • the EP848842 movement requires relatively complicated electronics, a generator that supplies the necessary power to operate the electronics, and relatively much space to install the systems.
  • Another disadvantage of such a movement is that the forces and moments are different than in a mechanical movement, so that the entire movement must be adjusted.
  • Electronic control element is powered by mechanical movement and without battery.
  • Another object is to provide a new control organ or auxiliary control mechanism for a mechanical movement that can be incorporated in an existing mechanical movement with minimal changes.
  • control device that includes a restlessness, a coil spring at least partially made of piezoelectric material, and a gait-regulating electronics.
  • a mechanical timepiece governing device which substantially improves the accuracy of the mechanical governor by electronically stabilizing the oscillating frequency of the disturbance, the energy for the electronics of the governor being provided by the coil spring.
  • the coil spring of a conventional mechanical timepiece is replaced by a piezoelectric coil spring.
  • the piezospiral spring generates an alternating voltage dependent on the oscillations of the balance and / or the coil spring.
  • the AC voltage is used to control the vibration frequency of the balance via an electrical connection to an electronic
  • Transfer circuit which change the stiffness of the coil spring and thus the frequency of the vibration system balance / coil spring and thus can regulate.
  • the electronic circuit can be fed exclusively by the named piezospiral spring, so that an additional battery is not needed.
  • a battery is not necessary, one can imagine that the electronic circuit powered by a solar cell and a small battery or a capacity.
  • the stiffness of the coil spring is adjusted by changing the impedance at the output of the piezospiral spring.
  • the adjustable capacity includes a number of switches
  • JP200222877 (Seiko Epson Corp) describes a method for adjusting the oscillation frequency of a piezoelectric coil spring in which the piezo element is either connected to an electrical circuit or completely separated from this circuit.
  • this results in abrupt changes in the impedance associated with the coil spring each time the electrical circuit is connected to or disconnected from the piezoelectric element.
  • the capacitance at the output of the piezoelectric is the capacitance at the output of the piezoelectric
  • Spiral spring set in several stages on the one hand to be able to change the stiffness of the coil spring in small steps, and on the other hand, only the minimum necessary capacity to switch parallel to the piezospiral, so that the voltage at the input of the rectifier is not unnecessarily reduced.
  • In a preferred embodiment is constantly at least one fixed small capacity in the electronic
  • the electronic circuit for adjusting the impedance at the output of the coil spring comprises an active rectifier, in which diodes are replaced by transistors, and / or a circuit having a plurality of transistors for adjusting the impedance at the output of the spiral spring; at least some of these transistors are at an elevated level
  • Voltage controlled for example, with a voltage higher than the voltage of the greater part of the digital components of the
  • the control of the switch can be any type of electronic circuit.
  • the control of the switch can be any type of electronic circuit.
  • the voltage for driving the transistors in the rectifier and / or in the impedance matching circuit is thus higher than the supply voltage Vdd of the electronic circuit with which the or most digital components of the electronic circuit are driven. As a result, the power consumption of the electronic circuit is reduced, and the transistors have a small ohmic resistance.
  • the transistors for adjusting the impedance at the output of the coil spring are switched on or off only when the voltage induced by the coil spring is lower than a predetermined threshold, or when the current generated by the coil spring is lower than a predetermined threshold. As a result, energy losses can be reduced.
  • Fig.1 is a schematic view of the scheme with the
  • Capacitors the capacity switching on and off switches and the comparator logic circuit, which control the switches.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the regulation of the voltage of the capacitor which supplies power to the electronic circuit.
  • 3a shows a schematic view of the printed circuit with the
  • soldered components shows, in addition to the electronic circuit large areas are available on which test pads or test contacts are applied.
  • Fig. 3b shows a schematic view of the printed circuit board with the components soldered, with the test areas separated.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic view of a spiral spring.
  • Fig.5a is a schematic view of the cross section of a
  • Fig.5b A detail of the cross section of the coil spring with the
  • Fig.6 shows a schematic view of the restlessness, the piezospiral spring and the electronic circuit.
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic view of the electronic circuit, wherein the switches for the frequency control and the active rectifier and the switch for the voltage control of the second capacitance are controlled by level shifters.
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic view of the electronic circuit, wherein only the switches for the frequency control and the switch for the voltage control of the second capacitance are controlled by level shifters.
  • a control device comprises a
  • the piezoelectric coil spring 20 consists entirely of a piezoelectric material, or of a material coated with at least one piezoelectric layer, preferably of a semiconductor material (for example silicon) 200 which is at least partially (FIG. 5a and FIG. 5b) with a piezoelectric material 202-207 and an electrode 208 is coated.
  • 202 is a seed layer
  • 203 and 204 are intermediate layers of AIGaN and AIN
  • 205 is the
  • Semiconductor layer for example of GaN
  • 206 is an intermediate layer of AlN
  • 207 is another piezoelectric layer of GaN, for example
  • 208 is an electrode.
  • the piezospiral is advantageously designed as a bimorph piezoelectric element, but other designs are conceivable.
  • the piezoelectric spiral spring can be produced, for example, from a wafer, for example from a wafer made from silicon.
  • a wafer for example from a wafer made from silicon.
  • the wafer is highly conductive, and the core of the piezospiral spring made of silicon can be used directly as an electrode.
  • the coil springs are structured on the wafer. With the Deep Reactive Ion Etching DRIE method, vertical structures can be easily realized in silicon.
  • a thin oxide layer of the order of 1 -3 ⁇ is formed on the surface of the coil springs. This rounds the edges and smooths out the bumps in the vertically etched surfaces.
  • This oxide layer is then etched away, on the one hand to ensure good electrical contact between the conductive core 200 of the
  • At least one piezoelectric layer 205, 207 with the desired layer thickness applied to the wafer and thus to the freed of an oxide layer coil springs, for example, a layer
  • This layer 205, 207 ideally has an identical thickness throughout the coil spring. This can prevent the spiral spring from getting damaged by the different ones
  • the electrodes 208 are still applied.
  • One possibility is first to coat the entire wafer with a thin adhesive layer having a thickness of a few nm of chromium or titanium in order then to apply thereto a layer 208 of, for example, nickel or nickel / gold in a thickness of 100-500 nm.
  • the entire wafer and the coil springs are provided on the entire surface everywhere with an electrically conductive layer.
  • the electrode material on the top and bottom is with a directed etching process
  • the electrodes 208 on the inside and outside of the coil spring are separated from each other and the coil spring is ready for installation in the movement.
  • This piezoelectric coil spring is then mounted in place of a conventional coil spring in a mechanical movement.
  • the piezoelectric coil spring 20 vibrates, it generates
  • Piezo material an electrical output signal ⁇ 9 ⁇ ⁇ - ⁇ 9 ⁇ ⁇ , with which an electronic circuit 40 is fed to a circuit board 400.
  • the rigidity of the piezospiral spring can be changed, and
  • the oscillation frequency of the piezoelectric coil spring and the restlessness can be controlled by the electronic circuit 40.
  • FIG. 2 An example of an electronic circuit 40 for controlling the oscillation frequency of a piezoelectric coil spring 20 is shown in Figure 2, and in detail in Figure 7,8.
  • Two electrodes are connected to the piezoelectric material on the piezospiral spring 20 and deliver an AC voltage VgenA-VgenB. So the coil spring works like a small generator.
  • the frequency of the output signal VgenA-VgenB is controlled by a frequency control circuit 22, so that the gear of the mechanical movement is regulated.
  • a rectifier circuit 23 converts the AC voltage into a DC voltage Vd C , and a voltage regulation circuit with the transistor 25 regulates the voltage Vdd of a capacitance, by which the electronic circuit 40 is then fed.
  • a first capacitive component 24 is preferably used as energy storage or
  • the first capacitive component 24 either directly or via a second capacitive component 26, which is kept at a regulated voltage, supplies the electronic reference circuit with a stable quartz oscillator 1 and a
  • the stable oscillator has a quartz crystal whose oscillation defines a reference frequency. All components except the quartz oscillator and the external capacitors can be constructed as an IC 40; Most digital components in the IC can be powered by a low supply voltage Vdd.
  • the electronic circuit 40 can only further reduce the frequency of the restlessness. Setting / regulating the frequency
  • the oscillation frequency of restlessness and piezospiral spring 20 can be influenced by the piezospiral spring 20 having to deliver a lot of electrical power. This could for example be done by an ohmic resistor is connected in parallel with the piezospiral, or by an ohmic resistance parallel to the first
  • Capacitor 24 which is fed by the piezospiral spring via the rectifier 23, is switched.
  • the disadvantage of this solution is, however, that the frequency change on the one hand only small, on the order of 0.5% or less, and that on the other hand, the
  • Vibration amplitude of restlessness is very small, because the ohmic resistance is constantly destroyed energy.
  • the capacitance varies, which is connected in parallel to the piezo-helical spring 20.
  • the greater the capacity the smaller the stiffness of the piezospiral spring 20 and thus the oscillation frequency of the system. Frequency changes of the order of 1-2% can be achieved in this way. This corresponds to a correction possibility of 10-20 minutes per day.
  • both electrical connections of the piezospiral spring 20 are each connected via a capacitance to the ground, wherein at least one capacitance is varied.
  • the electronic control circuit 40 comprises a comparator logic circuit 4, whose one input to the electronic reference circuit 1, 2 and the other input via a zero crossing of the AC voltage VgenA-VgenB detecting comparator stage 5 and an anti-coincidence circuit 3 is connected.
  • the anti-coincidence circuit 3 is essentially an intermediate memory which prevents the simultaneous occurrence of pulses on both inputs of the comparator logic circuit 4.
  • An exit of the Comparator logic circuit 4 controls the switching on and off of the capacitances in the impedance varying circuit 22.
  • the impedance varying circuit 22 is constructed in this example from a plurality of equal small capacitances 21, 222, 223, 224, 226, 228 (capacitors).
  • the capacities can also be used.
  • the capacitance values may be selected such that the smallest capacitance has a value of 1 nF, the second capacitance has a value of 2nF, the third capacitance has a value of 4nF, and the fourth capacitance has a value of 8nF.
  • the comparator logic circuit 4 controls the impedance of the
  • the comparator logic circuit 4 compares a clock signal A coming from the electronic reference circuit 1, 2 with a clock signal B originating from the piezoelectric generator. Depending on the result of this comparison, the comparator logic circuit 4 controls the magnitude of the impedance of the electronic control circuit via the Number or combination of parallel to the piezospiral 20 connected capacitances 21, 222, 224, 226, 228. In this way, on the
  • the control is designed so that the gear of the time display in the desired manner with the
  • Schwingquartarz 1 supplied reference frequency is synchronized.
  • One possibility is to connect the one input of an up-down counter to the output of the comparator 5, which has the phase V gen A, VgenB the induced voltage of the piezospiral spring 20, for example, the zero crossing of the AC voltage detected to connect; and to connect the other input of the up-down counter with the reference circuit 1, 2.
  • the signals from the comparator 5 are added to the count, and the signals from the reference circuit 1, 2 are
  • Antikoinzidensciens 3 synchronized so that never at the same time a UP pulse from the comparator 5 and a DOWN pulse from the
  • Reference circuit 1, 2 arrive at the counter.
  • Piezospiral spring voltage measures arrives at the counter, and in turn decrease by one step as soon as the reference signal DOWN from the reference circuit 1, 2 arrives. Now, if the unrest swings too fast, more UP pulses will arrive as DOWN pulses over time, and the count will increase. In a simple
  • Execution can now be controlled directly from the output of the counter switches 221, 223, 225, 227 (transistors), which connect the capacitors 222, 224, 226, 228 parallel to the piezospiral 20 or off.
  • the scheme can safely operate below a certain count none of the turn-off capacity 222, 224, 226, 228 connected in parallel to the piezospiral 20. This can be realized by no capacity (or only the fixed capacitance 21) capacitance parallel to the piezospiral spring 20 is switched by counter stage 0-7, but from counter reading 8-1 5 the corresponding number or
  • the switches 221, 223, 225, 227 for the supply and output
  • the size of the counter in the comparator logic circuit 4 can be chosen freely, but it is reasonable to use a counter which can cover a range of +/- 2-4 seconds.
  • the capacitances 222, 224, 226, 228 are switched on or off only when the induced voltage at the output of the piezospiral spring 20 is very small or zero. This has the advantage on the one hand that the electrical losses can thus be minimized. Another advantage is that the polarity of the capacitances must not be detected and / or stored beforehand. Yet another advantage is that so per capacitance 222, 224, 226 and 228 only one switch 221, 223, 225 and, 227, consisting of a P-channel and an N-channel transistor, the are connected in parallel, needed. The capacities can all be interconnected with the one electrical connection, only one switch per capacity is required for the respective other connection.
  • the electrical resistance can be minimized, and on the other hand, fewer outputs for the switching transistors 221, 223, 225, 227 must be provided. This allows the construction of a smaller printed circuit 400, as well as the use of a chip 40 with fewer terminal pads.
  • the switching of the capacitances at the zero crossing (when the voltage induced by the piezospiral spring 20 is 0 or only a few mV) can be realized by the switching operation on the
  • Zero crossing comparator 5 which detects the zero crossing of the voltage at the output of the coil spring is synchronized. From the
  • Comparator logic circuit 4 is supplied the information about the combination of the zuzuthroughden capacity, and the next
  • the switches 221 -227 are activated for the connection of the capacitances 222-228 with this information, until the next sign change of the voltage supplied by the piezoelectric generator 20, in which then the switches for the next cycle with the information from the comparator logic Circuit are controlled.
  • the switching on or off of the capacitances 222-228 may also occur during the charging of a first capacitor 24 at the output of the
  • the switching of the capacitances 222 to 228 must be synchronized in this case to the charging process.
  • Circuit 4 determines the combination of zuzugateden capacity, and during the next charging process, this combination of capacitances is switched to the piezospiral spring.
  • the capacitors 222 to 228 in this variant must be connected with the correct polarity.
  • the applied polarity can either be stored or with additional
  • the capacitances 222 to 228 are ideally switched on or off parallel to the piezospiral spring 20 if the voltage across the piezospiral spring 20 and the voltage at the corresponding capacitor 24 are approximately equal, and if this voltage is more than a few to a few dozen mV must also be the same polarity.
  • the phase shift between the UP pulse of the piezospiral spring 20 and the subsequent DOWN pulse from the reference circuit is measured with the small counter.
  • the small counter is operated for example with 64Hz. Each UP pulse starts the counter at 0, and the counter is stopped by the subsequent DOWN pulse. The value at the output of the small counter is latched after the input of the DOWN pulse, and at the next zero crossing the
  • the small counter can also be operated at a much higher frequency, for example, 1024Hz. With each UP pulse, the counter is started at 0, and with the DOWN pulse, the counter is stopped and the value of the count is stored to switch the corresponding combination of capacitances parallel to the piezospiral spring 20 at the next UP pulse.
  • the induced voltage at the output of the piezospiral spring 20 is influenced as described above.
  • a large capacitance results in a small induced voltage
  • a small capacitance or no capacitance connected in parallel to the piezospiral spring 20 gives a high voltage at the input of the rectifier 23.
  • the voltage V gen A, Vg en B induced by the piezospiral spring 20 can be set by means of egg ner connected parallel to the piezospiral spring 20
  • Capacity21 On the one hand, this may be necessary so that the induced voltage is in a range favorable for the electronics 40. The induced voltage must not be too high, as otherwise protective diodes will be switched on at the inputs on the IC 40, resulting in a loss of energy. On the other hand, the induced voltage should be higher than the minimum operating voltage, which is necessary for a safe functioning of the electronic circuit.
  • a first small capacity 21 in the value of 1 -10nF can fix in parallel to
  • Piezospiral be switched so that the voltage at the input of the rectifier 23 is in the desired range and a
  • Rectifier can even be so deep that a safe functioning of the electronic circuit can no longer be guaranteed.
  • the electronic circuit 40 must be with minimal
  • Energy consumption can be operated. This is achieved by at least one passive component (for example a diode for the rectifier) of the rectifier circuit 23 being at least temporarily replaced by an active structural unit (for example a switch controlled by a comparator 7 or 8) 230 ', 231', 232 ', 233'. with an in
  • the switch 230 ', 231', 232 ', 233' may be a field-effect transistor and may be connected in such a way that, in its blocked state, part of its structure acts as a diode. In this way, all four diodes of the rectifier 23 are replaced by active switches. Voltage losses across the switch are at least an order of magnitude less than voltage losses across the diode. The voltage drop across a diode can be several hundred mV. However, the voltage drop across the channel of a field effect transistor is only a few mV.
  • the charging of the first capacitor 24 takes place in the start-up phase of the movement on the subject with a high voltage loss diodes.
  • the diodes are replaced by the active ones
  • the charging of the first capacitive device 24 thus takes place only in the start-up phase of the movement on the with a high
  • the first comparator 7 compares the electrical potential Vd C at the non-grounded terminal of the first
  • the capacitive device 24 with the electrical potential V gen B of not lying at ground potential load side terminal of the rectifier 23.
  • the first switch 230 ' is closed by the first comparator 7 only when the voltage of the first capacitive device 24 is sufficient to operate the first comparator 7 and the electrical potential Vd C at the ground-free load side terminal of the rectifier 23, for further charging of the first capacitive device is high enough.
  • the voltage value of the first capacitive component 24, which is sufficient for operating the first comparator 7 and for operating a second comparator 8 present in the rectifier 23, is 0.7 V in this exemplary embodiment.
  • the first comparator 7 closes as soon as the voltage V gen B delivered by the piezospiral spring is higher than the voltage Vd C of the first capacitive component 24, ie it closes the first switch 230 'or opens the first field effect transistor. As soon as the voltage V gen B delivered by the piezospiral spring 20 drops below the voltage Vdc of the first capacitive component 24 again, the first comparator 7 closes the first field effect transistor 230 '. If the voltage V gen B delivered by the piezospiral spring 20 again increases to a sufficiently large value, the first comparator 7 opens the first field effect transistor 230 'again and so on. However, the voltage drop across the channel of the first field effect transistor 230 'is in the
  • Rectifier with the active elements is thus substantially higher than that of a rectifier 23 with passive elements.
  • the voltage loss is thus significantly reduced by the use of an active rectifier.
  • the comparator 7 (or 8) measures a voltage difference, but once the switch 230 'is closed, the voltage drop across the switch 230' is so small that the comparator 7 reopens the switch. As soon as the switch is opened detected the comparator again a voltage difference, and the switch is closed again.
  • the system can swing switch / comparator, which can lead in extreme cases that the capacitive device is not charged with enough voltage to the functioning of the
  • Hysteresis can be used. This also has the advantage that the
  • Piezoelectric generator 20 is always connected in one way or another with the first capacitance via a switch with a more or less large internal resistance as soon as the induced voltage of the piezospiral spring 20 is greater than the voltage at the first capacitor.
  • the switch 230 ' (or 231', 232 ', 233') is opened again and measured again during the time T1 with the comparator 7, 8, whether the switch during the next time T2 must be closed or left open. In this way, bouncing or vibration of the active diodes can be avoided.
  • Said control circuit contains at least one memory means which stores in the first phase (T1, measuring phase) with the switch disabled, at least one control signal which is to be applied to said switch, wherein further in the second phase (T2, Switching phase) of said switch is controlled by said control signal.
  • Voltage converter circuit can be used with a rectifier, such as a voltage doubler circuit.
  • a rectifier such as a voltage doubler circuit.
  • this has the small disadvantage that more than one external capacitive element is required, which results in an increased space requirement for the electronic circuit.
  • the rectifier 23 could also consist only of passive diodes.
  • the oscillation amplitude of the restlessness of a mechanical clock can vary relatively strongly.
  • the escape wheel transmits a large drive torque to the turbulence via the armature.
  • the unrest has a big one
  • the electronics must also be able to be operated with a low power consumption even at different high AC voltages from the piezospiral spring 20.
  • a first possibility is that at least a substantial part of the electronics 40 on the integrated circuit 400 is operated with a regulated voltage, for example the Quartz oscillator 1 and the frequency divider 2, the anti-coincidence circuit 3 and the comparator logic circuit 4, the comparators 5 and 1 1, possibly also the comparators 7, 8.
  • a regulated voltage for example the Quartz oscillator 1 and the frequency divider 2, the anti-coincidence circuit 3 and the comparator logic circuit 4, the comparators 5 and 1 1, possibly also the comparators 7, 8.
  • a second possibility is to regulate the supply voltage for the integrated circuit 40.
  • the easiest way to do this is by controlling the voltage of the capacitance 26 which powers the electronics.
  • the (active) rectifier 23 is the of the
  • Piezo spring 20 generated electric voltage Vg en rectified and charged the capacity.
  • the voltage of Vdd can be regulated by turning off the rectifier above a certain level of Vdd and no longer charging the capacitance, although the voltage is out of
  • Piezoelectric generator is higher in the moment than the voltage at Vdd-
  • a possible upper limit for the Vdd could be, for example, 1 .2V.
  • a third possibility is that a first capacitor 24 is fed by the rectifier 23. This is the first one
  • Capacitance 24 via the rectifier 23 is always charged by the electric power supplied by the piezospiral spring 20.
  • This second capacitor 26 is now regulated to a certain voltage Vdd. This can be done, for example, by making, at certain intervals, for example 8 times per second, a switch 25 an electrical connection between the first capacitor 24, which has a voltage between 1 .2 and 5V, and the second capacitor 26, if after the last charging operation the tension on the second
  • Capacity 26 has dropped below the desired value Vdd.
  • the desired voltage for example 1 .2 V
  • the charging process is interrupted. Or it can be a lower V
  • the switch is closed between the first and second capacitances, and the second capacitance is charged by the first capacitance.
  • the switch 25 is opened again.
  • a fourth possibility is to change the length of the
  • Loading window that is, the time during which the capacity 26, which supplies the supply voltage Vdd for the integrated circuit can be charged at all, to vary. The higher the Vdd, the shorter the loading window. A small loading window is also available at high
  • Another advantage of the regulation of the supply voltage for the integrated circuit 40 is that the piezospiral spring 20 no longer has to be adapted so precisely to the electronics 40.
  • the piezospiral spring 20 only has to supply a minimum voltage V gen during operation, which is sufficient to be able to operate the electronics 40 safely and to control the movement of the electronics
  • control signals for the control of the electronic switching elements / transistors 230 ', 231', 232 ', 233' may be used on the part of the electronic circuit with the higher voltage, these signals must be from the part of the electronic circuit 40 with the low voltage be brought by means of level shifters 10 to a higher voltage Vd C.
  • Frequency divider 2 and the anti-coincidence circuit 3 is supplied with a low voltage Vdd, for example 200mV above the minimum voltage at which the electronic circuit 40 still operates safely.
  • the switches 230 ', 231', 232 ', 233' in the rectifier 23, the switches 221, 223, 225, 227 for changing the impedance (by switching capacitors 222-228 on or off), feeding the level shifters 9, 10 , 12 and the switch 25 needed to supply the low voltage part of the circuit are operated at a higher voltage Vd C , typically between 1 .2 and 5V.
  • Capacity 24 is charged to, for example, 5V, the
  • Switching transistors 230 ', 231', 232 ', 233' in the rectifier 23 are also controlled with 5V. This can be done by bringing the control signal for the switching transistors 230 ', 231', 232 ', 233' by means of level shifters 10 to approximately the same voltage as the voltage to be switched.
  • the level shifters are fed by the first capacitor 24, which is loaded by the piezoelectric generator 20.
  • Piezospiralfeder 20 is charged via the active rectifier 23, is held at about 1 V by the charging process is stopped, once the desired voltage Vd C is reached, the transistors 230 ', 231', 232 ', 233' in the rectifier anyway be driven with a voltage that is about the same size as the voltage to be switched by the piezoelectric generator. This can be done by internally
  • Voltage booster circuit is provided, for example a
  • Comparators 1 3, 14 are controlled, in this case, then no level shifter are necessary for the rectifier.
  • the switching transistors 221, 223, 225, 227 at least one P-channel transistor and one N-channel transistor are connected in parallel per switch.
  • these transistors Via level shifters 9, which are supplied with a sufficiently high voltage Vd C as described above, these transistors are activated for the connection and disconnection of the capacitances 222 to 228.
  • Rectifier 23 is fed. But as soon as this capacity is loaded, for example by switching a resistor in parallel with the capacitance, the voltage across the capacitance will decrease and the piezoprial spring will be loaded more. This leads to the oscillation amplitude of the restlessness becoming smaller, which in this case is desired. It is therefore sufficient to measure the voltage at the first capacitor 24 after the rectifier 23, and to switch a resistor, not shown, parallel to the capacitor 24 when a certain voltage is exceeded, so as to limit the amplitude.
  • Comparators are used to measure different signals. Since the system is already largely stabilized by the mechanical oscillator, the times are known when the different values are needed. So it is possible to work with a reduced number of comparators. The inputs and outputs of the comparators are then switched differently depending on the phase.
  • Another option is to turn off certain comparators when they are not needed. Even so, electricity can be saved. If, for example, the comparator 5 for the measurement of the sign change of the induced voltage of the piezoelectric generator (zero crossing) is switched off after the switching process for 1/16 seconds, since the next zero crossing takes place only after 1/8 second (4Hz restlessness), thus electricity can be saved become. The functioning of the comparator 5 for the measurement of the sign change of the induced voltage of the piezoelectric generator (zero crossing) is switched off after the switching process for 1/16 seconds, since the next zero crossing takes place only after 1/8 second (4Hz restlessness), thus electricity can be saved become. The functioning of the comparator 5 for the measurement of the sign change of the induced voltage of the piezoelectric generator (zero crossing) is switched off after the switching process for 1/16 seconds, since the next zero crossing takes place only after 1/8 second (4Hz restlessness), thus electricity can be saved become. The functioning of the comparator 5 for the measurement of the sign change of the induced voltage of the piezoelectric generator (zer
  • POR POR circuit
  • Quartz oscillator 1 does not work yet.
  • the POR serves this purpose
  • the switches 230 'to 233' operate as simple diodes, and in this phase at least one capacitor 24 is charged via these lossy diodes.
  • the comparators will start to work as well.
  • the switches are then controlled directly by the comparators.
  • the POR can also be used to switch one or more capacitors 222 to 228 parallel to the piezospiral spring 20 during the start-up phase.
  • the induced voltage can be set to a certain value favorable for starting the electronic circuit 40.
  • the switching on and off of the capacitances 222 to 228 is again used to regulate the oscillation frequency of the disturbance.
  • the POR also serves to ensure a safe start-up of the quartz oscillator 1 and to ensure that the
  • Starting the quartz oscillator 1 is not too much power is needed. This can be realized by first charging at least one capacitor 24 with the aid of the rectifier, first with the passive elements (diodes), and once the power source has started up with the active elements (comparators and switches). Only when the capacitance which supplies the quartz oscillator is charged to a minimum voltage, for example 1 V, is the quartz oscillator 1 started. The current can reach 200nA for one second. However, this is not a problem since most of the electrical power is supplied by the already charged capacity. At a capacitance of 1 ⁇ F and 1 V, this results in approximately a voltage drop of 0.2V. Thus, a safe starting of the quartz oscillator can be ensured without the system restlessness / coil spring is loaded too much by a high starting current.
  • the POR also ensures that the second capacitor 26 is supplied with sufficient electrical energy by the first capacitor 24 during the startup process. It is also possible to feed the quartz oscillator 1 exclusively by the second capacitor 26 and to start the oscillator 1 as soon as the second capacitor 26 has reached a certain minimum voltage.
  • the POR also serves to start the regulation of the oscillation frequency of the restlessness in a certain control state. If the Control by means of a counter in the comparator logic circuit 4 works, for example, by the POR or the counters are first offset in a certain state A, then at
  • comparators 7, 8 (13, 14) for the rectifier 23 are switched with the POR in such a way that during the
  • the comparators 7, 8 (13,14) are always on and work, and only with the disappearance of the POR comparators at certain times on and off to save electricity. It is also possible to operate in the startup phase, only the comparators for the rectifier 23, and only in the further course of the
  • the signal POR depends on the internal current source and the quartz oscillator 1 and, if desired, also on the voltage at at least one capacitance. As long as the current source does not supply enough power, a signal of a PORA is one, and as long as the frequency of the quartz oscillator does not reach a predetermined value, the signal of a PORB is also one. And as long as the voltage on a capacitance does not reach a desired value, the signal of the PORC is also one.
  • the signal POR can be formed of PORA, PORB, PORC and signals from the frequency divider and the logic part of the electronic circuit; In addition, signals from the analog part of the electronic circuit can also be used. However, different PORs can also be formed from the signals described above.
  • the electronic circuit is preferably designed so small that can be readily arranged in the movement under a bridge and hide.
  • the electronics must be made as small as possible. Ideally, the electronic can be
  • the elements are so small that they can be accommodated on a printed circuit board 400 of approx. 3.35 x 2.3mm, even if the elements are only mounted on one side.
  • a printed circuit board 400 of approx. 3.35 x 2.3mm it would be possible to mount the elements on both sides of the printed circuit.
  • the space is very limited, it has practically only enough space for the electronic components. Test pads for debugging the electronic circuit can not be mounted on such a small circuit board.
  • arranging the conductor tracks for connecting the elements with each other is hardly possible. This problem can be solved by the one hand the
  • Circuit board has on both sides conductor tracks, which can also be interconnected through the circuit board. Thus, it is possible to solder a number of very small capacitors on top of the circuit board, but to arrange the electrical connections to the other elements on the underside of the circuit board. But this does not solve the problem of the test pads. This can be solved by placing the test pads 401 on an additional part of the circuit board 400
  • the terminals 300 for the piezospiral spring 20 may be configured as a thin long extension 402 of the circuit board 400. So it is no longer necessary to solder wires on the circuit board, which then produce the electrical connection to the piezospiral spring 20. The function of the wires takes over the thin, long extension of the flexible
  • Another possibility is the use of a multilayer, flexible circuit board 400, for example, with 3 layers.
  • the electrical connection between the individual layers is determined by vertical
  • the contacts to the IC, the capacitances, the quartz and the piezo spiked spring are applied.
  • the connections between the pads of IC, crystal, capacitances and the piezo generator are made, and the third layer can be used under the IC
  • the first and the third full-surface layer can first be nickel-plated and then gold-plated.
  • the electronic circuit is after the separation of the test pads with a thin electrically insulating protective layer
  • test pads 401 it is also conceivable not to separate the test pads 401 after testing out the electronics, but to fold the test pads in such a way that they take up only little space under the electronic circuit 400.
  • the entire electronic module is thus very small and can easily be pushed under a bridge or a similar component. This has the further advantage that the electronics are then protected from light, from electric fields and from magnetic fields.
  • the ability to display with the control electronics if the frequency of the disturbance is no longer within the control range of the electronics. For example, if the disturbance oscillates too slowly, the electronics may indicate that the control range has been exhausted by changing the vibrational frequency of the crystal. This can be done by adding or removing internal capacitances of the integrated circuit 40 to the terminals of the
  • Quartz oscillator 1 Exactly the same can happen if the restlessness swings too fast and is no longer within the control range.
  • the frequency of the quartz oscillator can be increased if the restlessness is too slow and outside the control range of the
  • the frequency of the crystal oscillator can be slowed down if the noise oscillates too fast and outside the control range of the electronics.
  • the watchmaker can determine by simply measuring the frequency of the quartz oscillator whether
  • the electrical connection 300 from the piezospiral spring 20 to the electronic circuit 40 must be designed such that it Connection is not mechanically stressed by the swinging of the restlessness.
  • the end 30 of the coil spring 20 can be provided with a thickening 280. This thickening is then no longer subject to deformation when the rest swings back and forth and the coil spring is deformed.
  • the mechanical fixation of the coil spring can also be realized at this thickening, be it by screws, clamps or gluing.
  • the electrical connection to the electronic circuit can be realized by soldering, gluing with an adhesive conductive adhesive or Adhesive Conduction Paste or by bonding; but it is also an electrical connection conceivable realized by mechanical means, for example by clamping.
  • Another possibility is to extend the coil spring 20 so that the end 280 of the piezospiral spring 30 projects beyond the block, so that the electrical connection 300 between the
  • Piezospiralfeder 20 and the electronic circuit 40 can be made at the mechanically unloaded end. This can be done with soldering, for example, if the Curie temperature of the piezoelectric material is not exceeded.
  • Another variant is to make the blocks so that in the front region of the piezo-helical spring 20 is mechanically held and absorbs the vibrations, and in the rear region of the electrical contact between the electrodes of the piezoelectric material and the electronic circuit 40 is made.
  • the electrodes can be applied to the piezo material by CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) process. Alternatively, the electrodes may be sputtered or with a
  • the inventive movement can be constructed so that the end customer can choose whether he wants to have a conventional, mechanical restlessness or additionally electronically controlled
  • This method consists in bringing together a balance with the appropriate coil spring.
  • the riots, already balanced, are divided into several, for example twenty, classes according to their moment of inertia.
  • the piezospiral springs are also classified according to their respective moment in several, for example twenty, classes.
  • the riots and spiral springs so divided can now be assigned to each other according to their classes.
  • Control electronics can be changed in a range of about 1%, it is in the careful measurement of restlessness and piezospiral and the subsequent assembly possible to regulate the exact oscillation frequency of restlessness only with the small auxiliary electronics. Ideally, the watchmaker has nothing to do with the regulator.
  • Piezo spiral spring and the electric capacity of the piezospiral spring So mechanically faultless, electrically but defective coil springs can be sorted out.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)
  • Springs (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un organe de réglage pour un mécanisme d'horloge, comprenant les composants suivants: un balancier; un ressort à boudin piézoélectrique (20); un circuit électronique pour adapter la raideur du ressort à boudin piézoélectrique (20); qui est caractérisé en ce que le circuit électronique présente une pluralité de condensateurs (222, 224, 226, 228) individuellement activables.
EP11716529.0A 2010-04-21 2011-04-21 Organe de réglage pour une piece d'horlogerie et un procédé correspondant Active EP2561409B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (11)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH5802010 2010-04-21
CH6922010 2010-05-06
CH12982010 2010-08-12
CH14402010 2010-09-07
CH14542010 2010-09-10
CH15372010 2010-09-23
CH18242010 2010-11-02
CH19312010 2010-11-18
CH21322010 2010-12-21
CH3222011 2011-02-24
PCT/EP2011/056484 WO2011131784A1 (fr) 2010-04-21 2011-04-21 Organe de réglage pour un mécanisme d'horloge et procédé correspondant

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2561409A1 true EP2561409A1 (fr) 2013-02-27
EP2561409B1 EP2561409B1 (fr) 2019-08-28

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EP11716529.0A Active EP2561409B1 (fr) 2010-04-21 2011-04-21 Organe de réglage pour une piece d'horlogerie et un procédé correspondant

Country Status (5)

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US (1) US8721169B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2561409B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5764652B2 (fr)
CH (2) CH703052B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011131784A1 (fr)

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EP3667433A1 (fr) * 2018-12-12 2020-06-17 Nivarox-FAR S.A. Spiral et son procede de fabrication

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EP2570871B1 (fr) * 2011-09-14 2014-03-19 Montres Breguet SA Spiral à deux ressort-spiraux
CH705679B1 (fr) * 2011-10-28 2017-01-31 Swatch Group Res & Dev Ltd Circuit d'autorégulation de la fréquence d'oscillation d'un système mécanique oscillant, et dispositif le comprenant.
EP2590035B1 (fr) * 2011-11-01 2020-12-30 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd. Circuit d'autorégulation de la fréquence d'oscillation d'un système mécanique oscillant, et dispositif le comprenant
CH707787B1 (fr) * 2013-03-25 2021-09-15 Richemont Int Sa Organe régulateur pour montre bracelet et procédé d'assemblage d'un organe régulateur pour montre bracelet.
EP3120199B1 (fr) * 2014-03-21 2022-12-07 Hublot S.A., Genève Oscillateur horloger
EP3232277B1 (fr) 2014-12-12 2021-04-21 Citizen Watch Co., Ltd. Composant d'horloge, et procédé de fabrication de celui-ci
EP3181939B1 (fr) 2015-12-18 2019-02-20 CSEM Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique SA - Recherche et Développement Procede de fabrication d'un spiral d'une raideur predeterminee par ajout de matiere
EP3181940B2 (fr) 2015-12-18 2023-07-05 CSEM Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique SA - Recherche et Développement Procede de fabrication d'un spiral d'une raideur predeterminee par retrait localise de matiere
EP3181938B1 (fr) 2015-12-18 2019-02-20 CSEM Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique SA - Recherche et Développement Procede de fabrication d'un spiral d'une raideur predeterminee par retrait de matiere
GB201603475D0 (en) * 2016-02-29 2016-04-13 Cambridge Entpr Ltd Energy harvesting systems and methods
BE1024256B1 (nl) * 2016-06-02 2018-01-16 Mintiens Benoît Mechanisch uurwerk.
JP6847757B2 (ja) * 2017-05-09 2021-03-24 セイコーインスツル株式会社 ムーブメント及び時計
EP3457224B1 (fr) 2017-09-14 2020-10-28 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd Element piezoelectrique pour un circuit d'autoregulation de frequence, systeme mecanique oscillant et dispositif le comprenant, et procede de fabrication de l'element piezoelectrique
EP3457223A1 (fr) 2017-09-14 2019-03-20 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd Element piezoelectrique pour un circuit d'autoregulation de frequence, et systeme mecanique oscillant et dispositif le comprenant
EP3502796B1 (fr) * 2017-12-20 2020-05-20 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd Piece d'horlogerie comprenant un oscillateur mecanique associe a un systeme de regulation
EP3502797B1 (fr) * 2017-12-20 2020-07-08 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd Piece d'horlogerie comprenant un oscillateur mecanique associe a un systeme de regulation
EP3502798B1 (fr) * 2017-12-20 2020-06-24 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd Piece d'horlogerie comprenant un oscillateur mecanique associe a un systeme de regulation
EP3540528B1 (fr) 2018-03-16 2020-08-05 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd Pièce d'horlogerie comprenant un mouvement mécanique dont la marche est régulée par un dispositif électronique
EP3543795A1 (fr) 2018-03-20 2019-09-25 Patek Philippe SA Genève Procede de fabrication de composants horlogers en silicium
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US8721169B2 (en) 2014-05-13
US20130051191A1 (en) 2013-02-28
CH703052A2 (de) 2011-10-31
JP2013525778A (ja) 2013-06-20
CH703052B1 (de) 2015-03-13
CH703051B1 (de) 2016-06-30
CH703051A2 (de) 2011-10-31
JP5764652B2 (ja) 2015-08-19
WO2011131784A1 (fr) 2011-10-27
EP2561409B1 (fr) 2019-08-28

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