EP4136510B1 - Pièce d'horlogerie - Google Patents

Pièce d'horlogerie Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4136510B1
EP4136510B1 EP22731595.9A EP22731595A EP4136510B1 EP 4136510 B1 EP4136510 B1 EP 4136510B1 EP 22731595 A EP22731595 A EP 22731595A EP 4136510 B1 EP4136510 B1 EP 4136510B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
optical
signal
electrical
converter
watch
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EP22731595.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP4136510A1 (fr
Inventor
Michael Bonke
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Realization Desal AG
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Realization Desal Ag
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04G—ELECTRONIC TIME-PIECES
    • G04G5/00—Setting, i.e. correcting or changing, the time-indication
    • G04G5/02—Setting, i.e. correcting or changing, the time-indication by temporarily changing the number of pulses per unit time, e.g. quick-feed method
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04D—APPARATUS OR TOOLS SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR MAKING OR MAINTAINING CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04D7/00—Measuring, counting, calibrating, testing or regulating apparatus
    • G04D7/12—Timing devices for clocks or watches for comparing the rate of the oscillating member with a standard

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a watch, in particular a wristwatch.
  • Quartz watches and mechanical watches with self-winding or manual winding are known from the prior art. Quartz watches are clocked by the frequency of a quartz oscillator. On the other hand, self-winding mechanical watches, also known as automatic watches, and manual-winding mechanical watches are generally controlled by the oscillation of a balance wheel, which controls the so-called escapement.
  • U.S. 2020/019127 A1 shows a method of adjusting the operating frequency of an electronic clock.
  • JP 2017 040533 A shows a time synchronization device.
  • U.S. 6,363,036 B1 shows a light clock.
  • U.S.A. 4,482,259 shows a laser clock with a detector and electronic circuitry to detect a beat frequency and convert it into a clock signal.
  • a clock in particular a wristwatch, is described below, which includes a clock generator arrangement with an oscillating system.
  • the clock generator arrangement includes an electronic useful signal generating device which is set up to generate a useful signal.
  • the clock also includes a clock display device, which is designed to display the time based on the useful signal.
  • the oscillating system preferably comprises an optical waveguide arrangement, an electro-optical converter and an opto-electrical converter.
  • the optical waveguide arrangement has an optical waveguide.
  • the electro-optical converter also known as an electro-optical converter, is designed to feed a clocked light signal (optical signal) into the optical waveguide arrangement.
  • the opto-electrical converter also known as an opto-electrical converter or photoelectric converter, is designed to receive the light signal from the optical waveguide arrangement and to generate an electrical signal based on the received light signal.
  • the electronic useful signal generation device is set up to generate the useful signal based on a frequency of the electrical signal.
  • a clock is thus provided whose clock generation is based on the propagation speed of light (speed of light) in the optical fiber arrangement.
  • the time difference between the light entering the optical fiber arrangement and the light exiting on the other side of the Optical fiber arrangement depends only on the distance traveled by the light in the optical fiber arrangement and on the propagation speed of the light (speed of light) in the optical fiber arrangement.
  • a clock signal with a fixed frequency or period can be generated in this way. This means that the optical fiber arrangement is the frequency-determining element of the oscillating system.
  • the optical waveguide is the frequency-determining element, since it has the greatest length in the optical waveguide arrangement.
  • the oscillating frequency of the oscillating system to be achieved also depends on a delay in the signal caused by the electro-optical converter and the opto-electrical converter and possibly other electrical/electronic components of the oscillating system.
  • a working time of the electronics of the optical waveguide arrangement must also be taken into account when calculating the frequency of the oscillating system.
  • the duration of the light's journey is directly proportional to the length of the optical fiber, the service life of the electronic components in the optical fiber assembly is always the same, no matter how long or short the optical fiber between the electro-optical converter and the opto-electrical converter is.
  • the service life of the electronic components of the optical fiber arrangement i.e. the time delay between the arrival of the light signal at the opto-electrical converter and the emission of a new light signal by the electro-optical converter, can be measured very easily by measuring the frequency of the optical fiber arrangement in the operating state, from this knows the total duration of an amplitude of the oscillating system and subtracts the theoretical (determined by calculation) duration of the light signal through the optical waveguide (from the electro-optical converter to the opto-electrical converter) from this duration.
  • a practical measurement of the duration of the light signal during the journey through the optical fiber can also be done like this: Two oscillating systems that have the same electrical signal path with the same components but differ in the length of their optical fiber arrangement, in particular the optical fiber of their optical fiber arrangement, are measured with regard to their oscillation frequency.
  • the optical waveguide in the first oscillating system can have a length of 10 m, with the optical waveguide in the second oscillating system having a length of 20 m. From the resulting data it is then very easy to determine how long the optical path, in particular the optical fiber arrangement, and how long the electrical path causes, since the electrical path in has the same duration in both cases, while the optical link in one case must have twice the duration of the other case.
  • a clear determination of the duration of the electrical signal through the electrical path is then also the prerequisite for creating a suitable table for compensating for the frequency deviation in the event of a temperature change.
  • the clock generation in such a clock is independent of influences such as a movement or a position (horizontal or vertical) of the clock.
  • a light-controlled wristwatch is significantly more precise than a wristwatch with a mechanical oscillating device which is slowed down or accelerated by any movement of the wrist of the wearer of the watch, where the degree of tension of the mainspring of the movement has an influence on the escapement and, through it, also on the frequency of the tandem balance wheel/escapement and whose position influences the oscillation behavior of the balance wheel.
  • the light-controlled clock offers great flexibility with regard to the selection of the oscillation frequency of the oscillating system, which is based on the clocked light signal. This can easily be selected according to the respective requirements of the watch and/or design wishes of the owner or - in the case of a wristwatch - the wearer of the watch.
  • the optical waveguide arrangement in particular the optical waveguide, in a simple manner in such a way that the oscillating system has a specific oscillating frequency depending on the customer's requirements. It is also possible to modulate an amplitude of the electrical signal and thus also an amplitude of the light signal and thus to customize the watch.
  • the electro-optical converter is set up to convert an electrical input signal into the light signal in order to feed the clocked light signal into the light waveguide arrangement.
  • the electrical signal is preferably also clocked since the light signal is clocked.
  • the oscillating system can be designed as an oscillating circuit. This means in particular that the components of the oscillating system are arranged in a circuit, i.e. in an endless loop.
  • the clocked light signal can preferably be an analog clocked light signal, in particular a sinusoidal light signal.
  • the analog light signal can also have a form other than the sinusoidal form.
  • the electrical signal generated by the optoelectrical converter can preferably be an analog electrical signal, in particular a sinusoidal electrical signal.
  • the analog electrical signal can also have a different form than the sinusoidal form, corresponding to the light signal.
  • the clocked light signal can be a digital light signal in particular.
  • the electrical signal generated by the opto-electrical converter can be, in particular, a digital electrical signal.
  • the electro-optical converter preferably comprises a semiconductor laser or a light-emitting diode.
  • the electro-optical converter can be set up to feed the clocked light signal directly into the optical waveguide.
  • the optical waveguide can preferably comprise a monomode fiber.
  • a monomode fiber does not have any runtime or mode dispersion.
  • the optical waveguide it is also possible for the optical waveguide to comprise a multimode fiber.
  • a multimode fiber has the advantage that the light can be more easily coupled into the optical waveguide and decoupled from the optical waveguide.
  • a desired frequency for the clocked light signal or the electrical signal can advantageously be selected first and then the oscillating system, in particular the optical fiber arrangement or the optical fiber in terms of their length(s), can be designed in such a way that the corresponding desired frequency is reached.
  • the oscillating system after the oscillating system has been formed, it can be measured to determine the actual frequency of the clocked light signal or the electrical signal. In the event of a discrepancy between the actual Frequency from the desired frequency, the oscillating system can be modified accordingly until the desired frequency is achieved.
  • an oscillating system in particular an optical waveguide arrangement or an optical waveguide, is/are formed arbitrarily with regard to its/its length.
  • the oscillating system that is formed can then be measured to determine the frequency of the clocked light signal or the electrical signal.
  • the useful signal generating device can thus be set up, taking into account the determined frequency, to generate the useful signal based on the determined frequency. For example, in the case of a useful signal generating device comprising a pulse counter, a predetermined count value with which an electrical signal counted by the pulse counter is compared can be set based on the determined frequency of the electrical signal.
  • the opto-electrical converter preferably comprises a photodiode.
  • the photodiode is set up to convert the clocked light signal into the electrical signal.
  • the electrical signal is advantageously a current signal.
  • the oscillating system also includes a driver that is set up to control the electro-optical converter based on the electrical signal.
  • the driver can also be referred to as a semiconductor laser driver.
  • the driver can also be referred to as a light-emitting diode driver.
  • the oscillating system can include an optical signal path in the optical fiber arrangement, in particular in the optical fiber, from the electro-optical converter to the opto-electrical converter and an electrical signal path from the opto-electrical converter to the electro-optical converter.
  • the electro-optical converter can advantageously be controlled based on the electrical signal of the opto-electrical converter. This means in particular that the electrical signal from the opto-electrical converter triggers the electro-optical converter to feed the light signal into the optical waveguide arrangement, in particular the optical waveguide.
  • the oscillating system can be designed as an oscillating circuit with optical feedback.
  • the optical feedback occurs in that the light signal (optical output signal) of the electro-optical converter can be coupled to an input of the opto-electrical converter via the optical waveguide arrangement, in particular the optical waveguide.
  • the opto-electrical converter, the electrical signal path from the opto-electrical converter to the electro-optical converter and the electro-optical converter can be referred to in particular as transceivers in this embodiment of the clock within the scope of the invention.
  • the light signal of the electro-optical converter can be fed back to an input of the transceiver by means of the optical waveguide arrangement, in particular the optical waveguide.
  • the watch preferably the oscillating system, preferably includes an electrical amplifier for amplifying the electrical signal between the opto-electrical converter and the electro-optical converter.
  • the electrical amplifier can preferably also be set up to convert the electrical signal. This means that a voltage signal present at the input of the electrical amplifier is converted into a current signal emanating from the output of the electrical amplifier or a current signal arriving at the input of the electrical amplifier is converted into a voltage signal present at the output of the electrical amplifier.
  • the respective output signal of the electrical amplifier is amplified in comparison to the respective input signal of the electrical amplifier.
  • the amplifier is advantageously arranged downstream of the opto-electrical converter in terms of signals. This means in particular that the input signal of the electrical amplifier corresponds to an output signal of the opto-electrical converter or is based on an output signal of the opto-electrical converter.
  • the electrical amplifier can be designed to convert an input current into an output voltage.
  • the amplifier is particularly preferably designed as a transimpedance amplifier.
  • the transimpedance amplifier can advantageously convert an input current into a proportional output voltage.
  • the optoelectrical converter is advantageously designed to convert the received light signal into a current signal.
  • the electrical amplifier is part of the electrical signal path from the opto-electrical converter to the electro-optical converter.
  • the clock preferably the oscillating system, preferably includes a trigger and a monoflop.
  • the trigger is set up to control the monoflop using the electrical signal from the optoelectrical converter.
  • the monoflop is advantageously set up to generate an output pulse for driving the electro-optical converter.
  • the output pulse is generated in response to the trigger driving the monostable multivibrator.
  • the monoflop is advantageously a digital circuit that has only one stable state. Triggered by a trigger signal arriving from the trigger, the monoflop changes its switching state for a predefined time (approx. 1 ns or less). The monoflop then returns to the rest position.
  • the Trigger and the monoflop Parts of the electrical signal path from the opto-electrical converter to the electro-optical converter.
  • the electrical signal path from the opto-electrical converter to the electro-optical converter is preferably set up to invert the electrical signal.
  • the electrical signal path is advantageously set up to switch the electro-optical converter on and off alternately by means of the inverted electrical signal.
  • the electrical signal path can comprise a (separate) inverter (inverter circuit).
  • the inverter is advantageously designed to switch the electro-optical converter on and off alternately.
  • an output of the electrical amplifier described above, in particular of the transimpedance amplifier described above can be an inverting output.
  • the electrical signal is inverted by the inverting output.
  • an input of the driver described above can be an inverting input. In this case, the electrical signal is inverted by the inverting input of the driver.
  • no separate inverter is advantageously provided in the electrical signal path.
  • the oscillating system preferably also has a frequency filter for filtering the electrical signal.
  • the frequency filter is arranged between the opto-electrical converter and the electro-optical converter.
  • the frequency filter can be used to force the system to oscillate at its oscillation frequency, in particular by filtering out undesired harmonics from the electrical signal.
  • a harmonic can also be specifically selected with the frequency filter.
  • the frequency filter is arranged between the electrical amplifier and the driver.
  • the clock in particular the clock generator arrangement, preferably also has a Schmitt trigger which is set up to convert the electrical signal into a square-wave signal (output signal of the Schmitt trigger).
  • a Schmitt trigger is an analog to digital converter. This means that in this design of the watch, the electrical signal that serves as the input signal for the Schmitt trigger is an analog electrical signal, with the square wave signal is a digital electrical signal.
  • an analog voltage an analog voltage signal
  • a digital voltage digital voltage
  • the Schmitt trigger is advantageously connected to the useful signal generation device. This means that the output signal of the Schmitt trigger, namely the square-wave signal, is used as the input signal for the useful signal generation device.
  • the electrical signal in the electrical signal path can be a current signal or a voltage signal.
  • the electrical signal can be converted from one type (current signal/voltage signal) to the other type (voltage signal/current signal) in the electrical signal path.
  • the optical waveguide arrangement is designed as an endless loop.
  • the clock arrangement comprises an optical splitter for decoupling the light signal from the endless loop into the opto-electrical converter and an optical coupler for coupling the light signal from the electro-optical converter into the endless loop.
  • endless loop means in particular that the optical waveguide arrangement is designed as a closed optical loop in which a light signal that is generated once and introduced into the optical waveguide arrangement is conducted in a circle for an infinite length of time.
  • an output of the optical waveguide is fed back to its input in an advantageous manner.
  • an optical splitter within the scope of the invention is in particular a device that is set up to split an incoming light signal into two or more light signals.
  • an optical coupler is, in particular, a device that is set up to couple one or more light signals into an optical waveguide.
  • the clock can preferably include an optical amplifier in the optical waveguide arrangement designed as an endless loop.
  • the optical waveguide arrangement includes the optical waveguide and an optical amplifier.
  • the optical amplifier is advantageously set up to amplify the incoming light signal as it passes through, without having to convert it into an electrical signal in the meantime.
  • the manner of connecting the optical waveguide, the optical amplifier, the electro-optical converter and the opto-electrical converter to each other can be as follows.
  • An output of the optical fiber is connected to a first input of the optical coupler.
  • An output of the optical coupler is connected to an input of the optical amplifier.
  • An output of the optical amplifier is connected to the input of the optical splitter, the first output of which is connected to an input of the optical waveguide.
  • An output (optical output) of the electro-optical converter is connected to a second input of the optical coupler.
  • a second output of the optical splitter is connected to an input (optical input) of the opto-electrical converter.
  • the electrical signal (output signal of the opto-electrical converter) is then available at an output of the opto-electrical converter.
  • the useful signal can advantageously be generated from this electrical signal by means of the useful signal generating device.
  • the electro-optical converter can preferably be controlled by an electrical signal from the opto-electrical converter. This creates an electrical signal path between the opto-electrical converter and the electro-optical converter.
  • the clock can include an electrical amplifier.
  • the electrical amplifier is arranged between the opto-electrical converter and the electro-optical converter for amplifying the electrical signal. This means in particular that the electrical amplifier is arranged in the electrical signal path between the opto-electrical converter and the electro-optical converter.
  • the optical fiber arrangement is preferably divided into a first section between the optical coupler and the optical splitter and into a second section between the optical splitter and the optical coupler.
  • a delay in the light signal in the second section corresponds to a delay in a parallel signal from the optical splitter to the optical coupler.
  • the second section can comprise a delay line or another optical waveguide.
  • the additional optical waveguide can also be referred to as a second optical waveguide, with the optical waveguide in the first section between the optical coupler and the optical splitter being referred to as a first optical waveguide.
  • the opto-electrical converter and the electro-optical converter are arranged between the optical splitter and the optical coupler and connected with each other.
  • a delay in the light signal in the delay line or the further optical waveguide corresponds to a delay in the parallel signal from the optical splitter via the opto-electrical converter and the electro-optical converter to the optical coupler.
  • An electrical amplifier can preferably be arranged between the opto-electrical converter and the electro-optical converter.
  • a one-off electrical signal can preferably be fed in here between the optoelectrical converter and the electrical amplifier EV.
  • An electrical signal can preferably be picked up between the electrical amplifier and the electro-optical converter.
  • the useful signal can advantageously be generated from this electrical signal by means of the useful signal generating device.
  • a first output of the optical splitter is connected to a first input of the optical coupler via the delay line or the second optical fiber.
  • An output of the optical coupler is connected to an input of the optical fiber.
  • a second output of the optical splitter is connected to an input of the opto-electrical converter.
  • An input of the electro-optical converter is connected to an output of the opto-electrical converter.
  • a first input of the optical coupler is connected to an output of the delay line or the second optical waveguide.
  • a second input of the optical coupler is connected to an output of the electro-optical converter. If an electrical amplifier is arranged between the opto-electrical converter and the electro-optical converter, an output of the opto-electrical converter is connected to an input of the electrical amplifier and an output of the electrical amplifier is connected to an input of the electro-optical converter.
  • the optical splitter is a first optical splitter and the optical coupler is a first optical coupler.
  • the second section comprises a delay line, a second optical coupler and a second optical splitter.
  • an optical amplifier for amplifying the light signal between the first optical splitter and the second optical splitter is preferably arranged between the first optical splitter and the first optical coupler.
  • a first output of the first optical splitter is connected to an input of the optical amplifier.
  • An output of the optical amplifier is connected to a first input of the first optical coupler.
  • An output of the first optical coupler is connected to an input of the optical waveguide.
  • a second output of the first optical splitter is connected to a first input of the second optical coupler. Its output is connected to an input of the delay line.
  • An output of the delay line is connected to an input of the second optical splitter.
  • a first output of the second optical splitter is connected to a second input of the first optical coupler.
  • An output (optical output) of the electro-optical converter is connected to a second input of the second optical coupler.
  • a second output of the second optical splitter is connected to an input of the opto-electrical converter.
  • the electrical signal (output signal of the opto-electrical converter) is available at an output of the opto-electrical converter.
  • the useful signal can advantageously be generated from this electrical signal by means of the useful signal generating device.
  • the two parallel optical signal paths enable a continuous signal flow in of the optical waveguide arrangement formed as an endless loop via the optical waveguide even if the optical amplifier is deactivated for a short time. This results in the possibility of activating the optical amplifier only when the optical signal power falls below a definable minimum value due to the attenuation in the endless loop.
  • the power consumption of clock generation can be optimized as required.
  • the clock preferably includes a data unit.
  • the data unit preferably includes a modulator for modulating the input signal of the electro-optical converter based on a data set.
  • the data set may advantageously include a personal resolution such as quitting smoking or a loved one's name, personal goal or ideal, but also a religious message such as a mantra.
  • the data set can be encoded in terms of light and circulate in the oscillating system at the speed of light. Coding is possible, for example, by modulating the amplitude of the electrical signal. With a suitable setting of the amplifier, this has no influence on the setting Oscillating frequency of the oscillating system or the frequency of the electrical signal. This does not affect the accuracy of the time base.
  • This different amplitude can be displayed, for example, by a light-emitting diode, which then lights up with different brightness.
  • a Morse code with signal pulses of different lengths can be used as coding.
  • the clock can include a storage unit for storing the data set and/or an input unit for entering the data set and/or a readout unit for reading out the data set from the modulated output signal of the optoelectrical converter. Furthermore, the clock can preferably include an output unit for outputting information based on the data set that has been read out.
  • the information can include, for example, a light and/or a sound and/or an electrical data signal, which can preferably be output via WLAN or Bluetooth.
  • the watch includes a crystal oscillator having a predetermined crystal oscillator oscillating frequency.
  • the useful signal generating device is designed to compare the frequency of the electrical signal with the crystal oscillator oscillation frequency in order to generate an actual comparison value.
  • the useful signal generating device is designed to generate the useful signal based on the frequency of the electrical signal and the actual comparison value.
  • the useful signal can be generated considering a difference between the frequency of the electric signal and the crystal oscillator oscillating frequency serving as a reference frequency.
  • the difference between the frequency of the electrical signal and the crystal oscillator oscillation frequency is represented by the actual comparison value.
  • a deviation in the frequency of the electrical signal from an expected frequency of the electrical signal can also be taken into account when generating the useful signal.
  • Such a deviation can be caused, for example, by a temperature deviation from a predetermined temperature to which the oscillating system is set.
  • a temperature deviation can have an effect on the optical waveguide arrangement, in particular the optical waveguide, since an optical waveguide in particular expands as a function of temperature.
  • a number of temperature-dependent storage comparison values and associated correction values are particularly preferably stored in the useful signal generation device.
  • the useful signal generating device is also designed to assign the actual comparison value to a memory comparison value and to generate the useful signal based on the frequency of the electrical signal and the correction value.
  • the electronic useful signal generating device can advantageously (only) have a pulse counter (binary counter) include.
  • the pulse counter is set up to count a clock signal from the oscillating system, ie the electrical signal.
  • the pulse counter is programmed to the frequency of the electrical signal.
  • the electronic useful signal generating device can advantageously include (only) one frequency divider.
  • the frequency divider is set up to divide or halve the frequency of the clock signal, i.e. the electrical signal.
  • the frequency of the electrical signal can correspond in particular to a multiple of two, in particular to a power of two, such as 524288 Hz or 1048576 Hz.
  • the frequency of the electrical signal can advantageously be broken down to 1 Hz or another frequency such as 8 Hz by means of the frequency divider.
  • the broken down frequency corresponds to the useful signal based on which the clock display device is set up to display the time. It should be noted that in the case of a useful signal with a frequency of e.g. 8 Hz, the jump of a second hand of a mechanical clock display device, which then takes place 8 times per second, is no longer perceived by the viewer as a "jump".
  • only when used with the terms of the pulse counter or the frequency divider means in the context of the invention in particular that only one of the two types of electronic components, i.e. either only a pulse counter or only a frequency divider, is provided in the useful signal generating device in order to to generate useful signal.
  • the clock generator arrangement for generating the useful signal can include both a frequency divider and a pulse counter.
  • the frequency divider is advantageously arranged in front of the pulse counter in terms of signaling.
  • the frequency of the electrical signal can be halved, in particular halved several times, by the frequency divider in a first step in order to reach an intermediate frequency.
  • the intermediate frequency can be brought to a desired frequency or a useful frequency by means of the pulse counter.
  • the procedure of halving, in particular multiple halving, the predetermined oscillation frequency in a first step to reach an intermediate frequency and counting down the intermediate frequency to a desired frequency in a second step is particularly advantageous for a watch in which the electrical signal has a high frequency, such as 8.88 MHz or 10 MHz. Thus, power can be saved over simply counting down the frequency of the electrical signal.
  • the useful signal generation device is advantageously set up to generate the useful signal when a count value of the electrical current signal is equal to a predetermined count value.
  • the predetermined count is advantageously set to the frequency of the electrical signal.
  • the useful signal advantageously corresponds to the output signal of the frequency divider.
  • this is advantageously set up to generate the useful signal when a count of an output signal of the frequency divider is equal to a predetermined count.
  • the predetermined count value is advantageously set based on the intermediate frequency achieved by the frequency divider.
  • the clock arrangement can preferably comprise an output device.
  • the electronic output device is set up to output the useful signal generated by the useful signal generating device.
  • pulse counter and the output device or the frequency divider and the output device can each be formed as one unit.
  • the electronic useful signal generating device can advantageously be set up to generate the useful signal corresponding predetermined correction factor or a predetermined correction formula to be taken into account.
  • a corresponding predetermined correction factor is advantageously assigned to a respective temperature deviation.
  • the electronic useful signal generating device has a pulse counter, as described above, in the event of such a temperature deviation the electronic useful signal generating device can advantageously be set up to correct the predetermined count of the pulse counter using the predetermined correction factor or the predetermined correction formula.
  • the useful signal generation device can be set up to correct the predetermined counter value as a function of a temperature of the oscillating system and/or a temperature of the watch, in particular in the vicinity of the oscillating system.
  • a table with temperature-dependent predetermined values can preferably be used for this purpose
  • Counter values (predetermined counter values that are associated with temperatures) and/or a function of the predetermined counter value as a function of the temperature can be stored in a memory unit, in particular the useful signal generating device.
  • the watch can preferably include a temperature sensor.
  • the clock can have the following advantageous configurations.
  • the clock arrangement has an electromechanical device.
  • the watch also has a gear train, a drive device for driving the gear train and a watch display device.
  • the clock display device is connected to the gear train and is movable by the gear train.
  • the electromechanical device can be moved by means of the useful signal generated by the electronic useful signal generating device, as a result of which the electromechanical device engages directly or indirectly in a clocked manner in the gear train.
  • the electromechanical device engages directly or indirectly in a locking manner with the gear train to alternately stop and unlock the gear train.
  • the rate of the watch is not clocked by an oscillating balance wheel, but by a frequency-controlled device (the electromechanical device), with the drive energy for the gear train being provided by a mechanical drive device.
  • the imprecise mechanical balance wheel is replaced by the clock arrangement described above.
  • the advantages of a hand-wound or self-winding mechanical watch and a quartz watch are realized in one watch by driving an automatic movement or a hand-wound mechanical movement through the oscillating frequency of a light-powered oscillating system. Since no balance wheel is provided in the proposed watch, all mechanical influences that influence the beat of the balance wheel and thus the accuracy of the flow of time in the watch are eliminated.
  • the reference frequency used to clock the watch which is based on the frequency of the electrical signal, is not affected by movement of the wearer of the watch.
  • a mechanical watch is made possible in terms of driving the gear train, which is much more precise than a conventional mechanical watch with a balance wheel.
  • the electromechanical device can be moved by means of the useful signal generated by the electronic useful signal generating device and the useful signal can be generated based on the frequency of the electrical signal, it should be understood that the electromechanical device is frequency controllable.
  • the electromechanical device engages indirectly in the gear train.
  • “indirectly” means in particular that there is at least one further component between the electromechanical device and the gear train. This means that in this embodiment of the watch, the electromechanical device can be moved by means of the above-mentioned useful signal, as a result of which the electromechanical device engages indirectly in the gear train for the escapement.
  • the watch preferably comprises an escapement.
  • the escapement is in engagement with the gear train.
  • the electromechanical device drives the escapement.
  • the electromechanical device can be moved by means of the useful signal generated by the electronic useful signal generating device, as a result of which the electromechanical device engages in the gear train via the escapement.
  • the escapement corresponds to the at least one further component mentioned above, which is located between the electromechanical device and the gear train.
  • the escapement comprises an escapement wheel and a escapement piece.
  • the escapement serves to arrest the escapement wheel.
  • the electromechanical device is arranged to drive the escapement piece, with the escapement wheel being in engagement with the gear train.
  • the escapement is designed as an anchor escapement, with the escapement piece being designed as an anchor.
  • the escape wheel can also be referred to as an escape wheel.
  • the electromechanical device can engage directly in the gear train.
  • “directly” or “immediately” means in particular that there is no other component between the electromechanical device and the gear train. This means that in this embodiment of the watch, the electromechanical device can be moved by means of the above-mentioned useful signal, as a result of which the electromechanical device engages directly in the gear train in a clocked manner.
  • the electromechanical device can be designed as an actuator.
  • an actor is within the scope of the present Invention refers in particular to a drive-related device or assembly that converts an electrical signal into a mechanical movement.
  • the actuator can particularly preferably have a magnet armature and a magnet coil.
  • the magnet coil is set up to move the magnet armature by means of the useful signal.
  • the electromechanical device can preferably be designed as a stepping motor. In this configuration of the electromechanical device, it is particularly advantageous if the electromechanical device engages directly in the gear train in a clocked manner.
  • the clock also comprises a gear train, a drive device for driving the gear train and a clock display device.
  • the clock display device is connected to the gear train and is movable by the gear train.
  • the drive device can be controlled by means of the useful signal.
  • the drive device is preferably designed as a stepper motor.
  • this clock corresponds to a conventional quartz clock with a stepping motor for driving a mechanical clock display device, in which a clock generator arrangement with a clock generator designed as a quartz oscillating crystal has been replaced by the clock generator arrangement described above with the light-operated oscillating system.
  • the watch display device mentioned above is a mechanical watch display device.
  • the clock display device preferably comprises an hour hand and/or a minute hand and/or a second hand.
  • the gear train preferably comprises at least one hour wheel and/or a minute wheel and/or a fourth wheel and/or a third wheel.
  • the clock also includes an electronic clock display device.
  • This clock corresponds, in particular, to a conventional electronic quartz clock in which the clock generator arrangement with the clock generator designed as a quartz oscillating crystal has been replaced by the previously described clock generator arrangement with the light-operated oscillating system.
  • the clock 100 is designed as a wristwatch and thus has two connections 14 for a bracelet 16 .
  • the clock 100 it is also possible for the clock 100 to be a wall clock, a grandfather clock, a desk clock or a clock of another type.
  • the watch 100 comprises a watch case 11 and a watch glass 15 arranged thereon.
  • the watch 100 also has a dial 12 and three hands 13 for displaying the hours, minutes and seconds.
  • the hands 13 are parts of a mechanical clock display device 102 for displaying the time.
  • the timepiece 100 further includes a clock assembly 10, a gear train 104 and a driving device 101 for driving the gear train 104.
  • the gear train 104 is connected to the timepiece display device 102 so that the hands 13 of the timepiece display device 102 are moved.
  • the gear train 104 comprises at least one hour wheel, one minute wheel and one fourth wheel, each of which is connected to one of the hands 13 .
  • the clock arrangement 10 comprises an oscillating system 1 and an electronic useful signal generating device 116 .
  • the useful signal generating device 116 is set up to generate a useful signal.
  • the useful signal can be used by the clock display device 102 to show the time based thereon.
  • the oscillating system 1 comprises an optical waveguide arrangement 2 with an optical waveguide 20, an electro-optical converter 3 and an opto-electrical converter 4.
  • the oscillating system 1 also comprises an electrical amplifier 60, a frequency filter 63 and a driver 65.
  • the frequency filter 63 is between the electrical amplifier 60 and the driver 65 arranged.
  • the electro-optical converter 3 which comprises a semiconductor laser or a light-emitting diode, is designed to feed a clocked light signal into the optical waveguide arrangement 1, in particular directly into the optical waveguide 20.
  • the clocked light signal is advantageously an analog clocked light signal, in particular a sinusoidal light signal.
  • the optical waveguide 20 can preferably comprise a single-mode fiber.
  • a monomode fiber does not have any runtime or mode dispersion on.
  • the optical waveguide it is also possible for the optical waveguide to comprise a multimode fiber.
  • a multimode fiber has the advantage that light can be coupled into the optical waveguide 20 and out of the optical waveguide 20 more easily.
  • the optical waveguide 20 can be 20 m long, for example. With such a length, the propagation time of the light signal is approximately 100 ns. This corresponds to an oscillation frequency of 10 MHz for the oscillating system 1. However, other frequencies can also be selected for the oscillating system 1, such as 8.88 MHz. Then the optical waveguide 20 would have to be chosen correspondingly longer for the oscillation frequency of 8.88 MHz.
  • the opto-electrical converter 4 is designed to receive the light signal from the optical waveguide arrangement 2 or the optical waveguide 20 and to generate an electrical signal based on the received light signal.
  • the opto-electrical converter 4 includes a photodiode.
  • the photodiode is set up to convert the clocked light signal into a current signal.
  • the current signal is analogous to the light signal, an analog current signal, in particular a sinusoidal current signal.
  • the electrical amplifier 60 which is designed as a transimpedance amplifier, is set up to amplify the current signal generated by the optoelectrical converter 4 and to convert it into a proportional voltage signal.
  • the frequency filter 63 is set up to filter the voltage signal.
  • the frequency filter 63 can be used to force the oscillating system to oscillate at its oscillating frequency by, in particular, filtering out undesired harmonics from the voltage signal.
  • the driver 65 is set up to drive the electro-optical converter 3 based on the filtered voltage signal.
  • the electro-optical converter 3 can thus be controlled based on the converted and filtered electrical signal from the opto-electrical converter 4 .
  • a modulation input of driver 65 is non-inverting. This means that an increase in the input voltage results in an increase in the light output.
  • the modulation input of the driver 65 can also be inverting. In this case, the oscillation frequency of 10 MHz can already be achieved with a length of 10 m for the optical waveguide 20.
  • the described arrangement of the electrical amplifier 60, the frequency filter 63 and the driver 65 forms an electrical signal path 6 from the opto-electrical converter 4 to the electro-optical converter 3.
  • the electrical amplifier 60, the frequency filter 63 and the driver 65 are arranged in the electrical signal path 6.
  • an optical signal path 5 is formed in the optical waveguide arrangement 2, in particular in the optical waveguide 20, from the electro-optical converter 3 to the opto-electrical converter 4.
  • the oscillating system 1 is designed as an oscillating circuit with optical feedback.
  • the optical feedback occurs in that the light signal (optical output signal) of the electro-optical converter 3 can be coupled to an input of the opto-electrical converter 4 via the optical waveguide arrangement 2 , in particular the optical waveguide 20 .
  • the clock assembly 10 also includes a Schmitt trigger 64 which is an analog to digital converter.
  • the Schmitt trigger 64 is set up to convert the analog voltage signal between the frequency filter 63 and the driver 65 into a square-wave signal (output signal of the Schmitt trigger 64).
  • the square-wave signal is a digital voltage signal.
  • another analog-to-digital converter can also be used.
  • the Schmitt trigger 64 is connected to the useful signal generation device 116 .
  • the electronic useful signal generation device 116 is set up to generate the useful signal based on a frequency of the square-wave signal, which corresponds to a frequency of the electrical signal between the frequency filter 63 and the driver 65 .
  • the useful signal generating device 116 has a frequency divider 117, a pulse counter 119 and a comparator 124.
  • the frequency divider 117 is connected to the pulse counter 119 .
  • the pulse counter 119 is arranged downstream of the frequency divider 117 in terms of signals. That is, an output of the frequency divider 117 serves as an input of the pulse counter 119 .
  • the frequency of the square-wave signal can be halved, in particular halved several times, by the frequency divider 117 in order to reach an intermediate frequency.
  • the intermediate frequency can be brought to a desired frequency or a useful frequency by means of the pulse counter 119 .
  • the useful frequency can be 1 Hz or 8 Hz, for example.
  • the square-wave signal described above can be halved seven times by the frequency divider 117 until the intermediate frequency of 78125 Hz is reached. Then, with the help of the pulse counter 119, the intermediate frequency can be counted down to the useful frequency of 1 Hz or to 8 Hz. Halving the oscillation frequency 7 times from 10 MHz first to 78125 Hz, with subsequent pulse counting saves power compared to direct pulse counting from 10 MHz to 1 Hz or 8 Hz.
  • the useful signal generating device 116 is set up to generate the useful signal when a count of an output signal of the frequency divider 117 is equal to a predetermined count.
  • the predetermined count is advantageously stored in comparator 124 and is adjusted based on the intermediate frequency achieved by frequency divider 117 .
  • the comparison between the count value of the output signal of the frequency divider 117 and the predetermined count value is carried out via the comparator 124.
  • Watch 100 also includes a temperature sensor 126. Temperature sensor 126 can be used to detect a temperature of oscillating system 1 and/or watch 100, in particular in the vicinity of oscillating system 1.
  • the electronic useful signal generating device 116 is advantageously set up to generate the useful signal, taking into account a corresponding predetermined correction factor.
  • a corresponding predetermined correction factor is advantageously assigned to a respective temperature deviation.
  • a predetermined correction formula can be used instead of correction factors.
  • the correction factors or the correction formula are stored in a memory 125 .
  • the electronic useful signal generation device 116 is set up to correct the predetermined counter value by means of the corresponding predetermined correction factor or the predetermined correction formula.
  • pulse counter 119 the comparator 124 and the memory 125 are advantageously parts of a programmable microcontroller 130.
  • the clock generator arrangement 10 also has an output device 118 which is connected to the useful signal generating device 116 and set up to output the useful signal generated by the useful signal generating device 116 .
  • the useful signal is used by the clock display device 102 to display the time.
  • clock generation is based on the propagation speed of light (speed of light) in optical fiber 20 .
  • the clock 100 is thus as precise as possible.
  • the drive device 101 advantageously comprises a drive spring.
  • a winding device 121 is provided in watch 100 for winding or tensioning the mainspring.
  • the watch 100 is designed in particular as a self-winding watch.
  • the winding device is an automatic winding device, which is designed in particular as a flyweight, so that the drive spring is automatically wound up by the flyweight due to the movement of the hand of the wearer of the watch 100 .
  • the drive spring When the drive spring is tensioned, it supplies the energy required to drive the gear train 104 .
  • the watch 100 it is also possible for the watch 100 to be designed as a hand-wound watch.
  • the elevator device 121 can be actuated manually or by hand.
  • Clock generator assembly 10 also includes an electromechanical device 106 .
  • the electromechanical device 106 is designed in particular as an actuator according to figure 4 a magnet core (magnet armature) 107 and a magnet coil 108 includes.
  • the magnetic coil 108 interacts with the magnetic core 107 .
  • the magnet coil 108 is set up to move the magnet core 107 when it is energized.
  • the electromechanical device 106 can be moved by means of the useful signal generated by the electronic useful signal generating device 116 or the useful signal output by the output device 118 . As a result, the electromechanical device 106, in particular the magnetic core 107, engages in the gear train 104 in a clocked manner.
  • timepiece 100 also includes an escapement 105 which is interposed between clock assembly 10, specifically electromechanical device 106, and gear train 104.
  • the electromechanical device 106 in particular the magnetic core 107, engages in the gear train 104 indirectly via the escapement 105.
  • the escapement 105 can be driven by the electromechanical device 106 .
  • the electromechanical device 106 indirectly inhibitively engages the gear train 104 to alternately stall and release the gear train 104 .
  • the escapement 105 comprises an escapement wheel 109 and an escapement piece 110 and is designed in particular as an anchor escapement.
  • the escapement wheel 109 is in engagement with the gear train 104, with the magnetic core 107 through its movement can be brought into engagement with the check piece 110.
  • the arresting piece 110 can be driven by means of the magnet core 107 .
  • the magnetic coil 108 builds up and releases a magnetic field in the rhythm of the useful signal, as a result of which the magnetic core 107 is also moved back and forth in the rhythm of the useful signal.
  • the moving magnetic core 107 then engages the check piece 110 .
  • the clock assembly 10 replaces a conventional balance wheel of a mechanical watch.
  • the electronic useful signal generation device 116 and the electromechanical device 106, the clock 100 is equipped with a power supply device 103, which is designed as a rechargeable battery.
  • the battery can be charged by an energy harvesting device 120 .
  • the energy harvesting device 120 can preferably comprise at least one thermal generator and/or at least one solar cell.
  • the thermal generator can in particular have a Peltier element.
  • the dial 12 of the clock 100 can be configured as a solar cell. It is also possible that a solar cell is arranged under the dial 12 . In this case, the dial 12 must either be semi-transparent at the point where the solar cell is arranged or have a recess. If the watch 100 is provided with a thermal generator, this can preferably be attached to the case back of the watch 100. This means that the latter can generate electricity from a difference between the skin temperature of the wearer of the watch 100 and the temperature of the watch's surroundings (and thus the temperature of the rest of the watch). It is also possible that the at least one solar cell and/or the at least one thermal generator is/are built into the bracelet 16 of the watch 100 .
  • the oscillating system 1 is first made to oscillate.
  • the useful signal generating device 116 uses the frequency divider 117 and the pulse counter to generate a useful signal with a useful frequency.
  • the useful signal in the desired rhythm is then output to the electromechanical device 106 .
  • the electromechanical device 106 can control the escapement 105 by the electromechanical device 106 moving the escapement piece 110 at the time when the useful signal is output.
  • the gear train 104 can be clocked.
  • a state of charge measuring device 122 is also provided in watch 100 and is set up to measure a state of charge of the rechargeable battery.
  • the clock 100 also has a control unit 123 which is preferably set up to control the electronic clock arrangement 10 .
  • the electromechanical device 106 can be set up to move in such a way that the electromechanical device 106, in particular the magnetic core 107, drives the gear train 104. It can thus be ensured that the clock 100 continues to run even if the mainspring can no longer supply the required mechanical energy. This may be the case, for example, if the watch 100 is not used for some time, e.g., during the night, whereby the mainspring cannot be wound by the automatic winding device 121.
  • a device for decoupling the drive device 101, i.e. the drive spring, from the gear train 104 and the escapement 109 can preferably be provided in the watch 100.
  • decoupling the drive spring may prevent the electromechanical device 106 from also moving the drive spring when the escapement 109 is operated by the electromechanical device 106 .
  • control device 123 is set up to interrupt the power supply to electromechanical device 106 .
  • the power supply to the electromechanical device 106 is interrupted at a certain minimum energy level in the battery until the movement of the watch 100 recharges the mainspring. Otherwise the rechargeable battery would be completely empty and could therefore no longer operate the electromechanical device 106 immediately or start the oscillating process in the oscillating system 1 when the clock 100 was put into operation again.
  • the present invention provides a timepiece 100 that is more precise than a mechanical timepiece while being driven like an automatic timepiece.
  • watch 100 is a hybrid watch in which timing is controlled by a light-powered oscillating system and the gear train is driven by a mainspring. Due to the battery, which accordingly supplies the components of the clock 100 that function with electricity and can be charged by the energy harvesting device 120, the clock 100 also has a high power reserve.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 relate to a timepiece 100 according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • the clock 100 according to the second exemplary embodiment differs from the clock 100 according to the first exemplary embodiment in that the electromechanical device 106 in the clock 100 according to the second exemplary embodiment engages directly in the gear train 104 in a clocked manner. In other words, no escapement is provided in the timepiece 100 according to the second embodiment.
  • the clock arrangement 10 here replaces the combination of a conventional balance wheel and a conventional escapement of a conventional mechanical watch.
  • the electromechanical device 106 directly engages the gear train 104 in a restraining manner to alternately stall and release the gear train 104 .
  • the electromechanical device 106 is also designed as an actuator in the clock 100 according to the third exemplary embodiment, which comprises a magnet core 107 and a magnet coil 108 .
  • the magnetic core 107 thus engages in the gear train 104 directly in a clocked manner.
  • the electromechanical device 106 may be in the form of a stepping motor which engages in the gear train 104 in a directly clocked manner.
  • the clock 100 Except for the described special features of the clock 100 according to this exemplary embodiment, its functioning basically corresponds to that of the clock 100 according to the first exemplary embodiment. In this case, however, the electromechanical device 106 does not control an escapement, but directly the gear train 104, which is thus clocked.
  • figure 7 relates to a timepiece 100 according to a third embodiment of the invention.
  • the watch 100 according to the third exemplary embodiment differs from that according to the first or the second exemplary embodiment in the structure of the oscillating system 1.
  • the oscillating system 1 here includes no frequency filter and no Schmitt trigger, but rather a trigger 61 and a monoflop 62.
  • the trigger 61 is in the direction of the electrical signal in the electrical signal path 6 after the electrical amplifier 60 arranged.
  • the trigger 61 is set up to control the monoflop 62 by means of the electrical signal from the optoelectrical converter 4, in particular by means of the amplified electrical signal after the electrical amplifier 60.
  • the monoflop 62 is thus set up to generate an output pulse for driving the electro-optical converter 3 .
  • the electro-optical converter 3 is designed to feed a light pulse into the optical waveguide arrangement 2, in particular directly into the optical waveguide 20.
  • the opto-electrical converter 4 is designed to receive the light pulse and convert it into a current pulse.
  • a light pulse is first sent through the optical waveguide 20 by the electro-optical converter 3.
  • FIG. Due to the length of the optical waveguide 20, the light pulse traveling in the direction from the electro-optical converter 3 to the opto-electrical converter 4 requires a certain period of time before it arrives at the opto-electrical converter 4. In other words, this period of time is predetermined by the length of the optical waveguide 20 .
  • the light pulse is converted into a current pulse by the opto-electrical converter 4 and sent on to the electrical amplifier 60 .
  • the electrical amplifier 60 amplifies the current pulse and converts it into a voltage pulse.
  • This voltage pulse controls the monoflop 62 via the Trigger61, which generates a short pulse with a precisely defined duration (approx. 1 ns or less).
  • the driver 65 of the electro-optical converter 3 is controlled with this pulse, so that the electro-optical converter 3 again emits a light pulse. So the cycle is closed.
  • the electro-optical converter 3 has a "duty cycle" of 1% or less and therefore requires very little energy.
  • This process is repeated a certain number of times per second.
  • the number of repetitions per second is determined by the length of the optical fiber 20. With a length of approx. 20 m, the process is repeated 10 million times per second. This results in an oscillating frequency of 10 MHz for the oscillating system 1, which is tapped off as the frequency of the electrical signal (pulse sequence) between the monoflop 62 and the driver 65.
  • the useful signal generating device 116 Based on the frequency of the electrical signal between the monoflop 62 and the driver 65, the useful signal generating device 116 generates the useful signal, by which the clock 100 is clocked in the same way as the clock 100 according to the first or second embodiment.
  • figure 8 relates to a timepiece 100 according to a fourth embodiment of the invention.
  • the construction of the oscillating system 1 of the watch 100 according to the fourth embodiment of the invention corresponds to the construction of the oscillating system 1 of the watch 100 according to the first embodiment (see Fig. figure 2 ).
  • a crystal oscillator 127 with a predetermined crystal oscillator oscillating frequency is set up in the clock generator arrangement 10.
  • the crystal oscillator can advantageously have a quartz crystal or a tourmaline crystal.
  • a corresponding cut shape and dimensions of the crystal are selected in such a way that the predetermined crystal oscillator frequency, e.g. B. 10 MHz, is obtained.
  • a mixer 128 is also provided in the clock generator arrangement 10 .
  • the mixer 128 is connected to the crystal oscillator 127 and the electrical signal path 6 and set up to combine an electrical signal from the crystal oscillator 127 with an electrical signal tapped from the oscillating system 1 between the opto-electrical converter 4 and the electro-optical converter 3, in particular between the frequency filter 63 and the driver 65 to overlay.
  • the superimposition of the two electrical signals results in an electrical sinusoidal signal, the frequency of which corresponds to a difference between the frequency of the electrical signal picked up from the oscillating system 1 and the electrical signal of the crystal oscillator 127 .
  • a beat signal with the frequency 0 is created, i.e. a DC voltage signal.
  • an AC voltage signal with the difference frequency is produced.
  • the length of the optical waveguide 20 and the speed of light and, on the other hand, the crystal oscillator frequency of the crystal oscillator changes with the temperature, if this is temperature-sensitive, a beat frequency results that depends on the temperature.
  • This beat frequency can be measured.
  • the dependencies of the vibration frequency of the vibration system 1 and the beat frequency on the temperature are measured once. This makes it possible to calculate and store in a correction table or correction function how the predetermined count value, with which a count value of pulse counter 119 is compared in comparator 124, has to be corrected so that useful signal generating device 116 is independent of the temperature of oscillating system 1 and/or the clock 100 in the vicinity of the oscillating system 1 supplies a useful signal with the correct duration.
  • the useful signal generating device 116 is designed to compare the frequency of the electrical signal tapped from the oscillating system with the crystal oscillator oscillating frequency in order to generate an actual comparison value.
  • the useful signal generating device 116 can generate the useful signal based on the frequency of the electrical signal and the actual comparison value.
  • a number of temperature-dependent memory comparison values and associated correction values can be stored in memory 125 .
  • the useful signal generating device 116 can be designed to assign the actual comparison value to a memory comparison value and to generate the useful signal based on the frequency of the electrical signal and the correction value.
  • figure 9 relates to a timepiece 100 according to a fifth embodiment of the invention.
  • the clock 100 according to the fifth embodiment differs from that according to the third embodiment in that in the clock according to the fifth embodiment, an inverter (inverter circuit) 66 is arranged between the electric amplifier and the driver 65 instead of the trigger 61 and the one-shot multivibrator 62.
  • the electrical signal path 6 is thus designed to invert the electrical signal between the opto-electrical converter 4 and the electro-optical converter 3 .
  • the inverter 66 is advantageously designed to switch the electro-optical converter 3 on and off alternately via the driver 65 .
  • an output of the electrical amplifier 60 which, as already mentioned, is designed in particular as a transimpedance amplifier, can be an inverting output.
  • the inverting output results in the inversion of the electrical signal between the opto-electrical converter 4 and the electro-optical converter 3 and thus also the alternating switching on and off of the electro-optical converter 3.
  • an input of the driver 65 it is also possible for an input of the driver 65 to be in the form of an inverting input is.
  • the inverter 66 can be omitted both in the case of an inverting output of the electrical amplifier 60 and an inverting input of the driver 65 .
  • electro-optical converter 3 feeds a light signal into optical waveguide 20 .
  • the light signal passes through the optical waveguide 20 and needs a certain duration for this. At a distance of about 10 m, for example, the light needs about 20 millionths of a second.
  • the light signal arrives at the end of the optical fiber, it hits the opto-electrical converter 4. This notes the arrival of the light signal and converts it into a current signal.
  • the Electrical amplifier 60 amplifies the current signal and converts it into a voltage signal which is sent to inverter 66.
  • the inverter 66 sets its output signal to zero and thus switches the electro-optical converter 3 off via the driver 65 .
  • the transit time typical for the optical waveguide 20 e.g. 10 m in approximately one 20-millionth of a second, as already mentioned
  • the light signal still in the optical waveguide 20 has completely arrived at the optoelectrical converter 4 . Then this no longer receives a light signal, whereupon the input signal and thus also the output signal of the electrical amplifier drop to zero.
  • the inverter 66 sets its output signal high again and thus switches the electro-optical converter 3 on via the driver 65 .
  • This sends a new light signal into the optical waveguide 20.
  • the light signal arrives at the optoelectrical converter 4 after the transit time that is typical for the optical waveguide 20 and generates an output signal in the form of a voltage signal at the electrical amplifier 60.
  • the inverter 66 puts on its output signal again Zero and turns the electro-optical converter 3 off.
  • This cycle is repeated regularly, with a square-wave signal being produced at the output of the electrical amplifier 60, the period of which corresponds to twice the transit time typical for the optical waveguide 20. With a length of the optical waveguide 20 of approximately 10 m, this results in a square-wave signal frequency of 10 MHz. This square wave is the time base for clock 100.
  • This square-wave signal enters the useful signal generating device 116 for generating the useful signal.
  • the watch 100 has the advantage that the oscillating system 1 is a digital oscillator which generates a square-wave signal.
  • the signal processing is digital and the resulting square-wave signal can be processed directly without further conditioning.
  • the length of the optical waveguide can be reduced 20 are halved at the same frequency of the oscillating system 1. This is of particular advantage if the watch 100 is designed as a wristwatch, since this saves space in the watch case 11 or the watch case and thus the watch 100 can be made smaller.
  • the oscillation frequency of the oscillation system 1 can be halved in the clock 100 according to the fifth embodiment.
  • the oscillation frequency of the oscillating system 1 corresponds to half the oscillation frequency with the same length of the optical waveguide 20 of the clock 100 according to one of the previous exemplary embodiments. Since the power consumption for some electronic functions does not increase linearly with increasing frequency, but rather in the square, the power consumption for the electronics of the clock 100 according to the fifth exemplary embodiment can be very much lower as a result.
  • figure 10 relates to a timepiece 100 according to a sixth embodiment of the invention.
  • the oscillating system 1 of the watch 100 according to the sixth embodiment basically corresponds to the oscillating system 1 of the watch 100 according to the fifth embodiment.
  • the only difference is that between the inverter 66 and the driver 65 there is a data unit 67 which includes a modulator 67 for modulating the input signal of the electro-optical converter 3 based on a data set.
  • Watch 100 advantageously includes a memory unit 133 for storing a data set, an input unit 134 for entering a data set, a readout unit 131 for reading out the data set from the modulated output signal of the optoelectrical converter 4, and an output unit 132 for outputting information based on what has been read out Record.
  • memory unit 133 and input unit 134 are parts of microcontroller 130.
  • the information can include, for example, a light and/or a sound and/or an electrical data signal, which can preferably be output via WLAN or Bluetooth.
  • the output unit 132 is then appropriately set up or designed to output such information. In figure 10 the output unit 132 is drawn as a light-emitting diode.
  • the data set may advantageously include a personal resolution such as quitting smoking or a loved one's name, personal goal or ideal, but also a religious message such as a mantra.
  • the data set can advantageously be encoded in terms of light and circulate in the oscillating system 1 at the speed of light.
  • Coding is possible by modulating the amplitude (voltage) of the square wave. This modulation can take place using the modulator 68 via the driver 65 of the electro-optical converter 3 .
  • the driver 65 can set the electro-optical converter 3 to full or half intensity, for example.
  • the amplitude of the light signal passing through the optical fiber is modulated. If the electrical amplifier 60 is set appropriately, this has no influence on the oscillation frequency of the oscillating system 1 that is set. The accuracy of the time base is not influenced by this.
  • This different amplitude can, for. B. be indicated by a light-emitting diode on the driver 65, which then lights up with different brightness.
  • a clock 100 with a rectangular signal is provided by turning the electro-optical converter 3 on and off alternately.
  • each oscillation period has the same duration, but the amplitude of the oscillation itself, i.e. the intensity of the light signal, varies.
  • a Morse code with signal pulses of different lengths can be used as coding.
  • the code for "S” is a short signal repeated three times and the code for "O” is a long signal repeated three times.
  • “SOS” would then be: short - short - short - long - long - long - long - short - short - short.
  • the intensity of the individual light pulses can be designed in such a way that two million light pulses (corresponding to a period of 200 ms) with full intensity correspond to one dit and that two million light pulses (corresponding to a duration of 200 ms) with half the intensity correspond to a pause (Morse time base).
  • the Morse time base can be taken from a suitable binary digit of the pulse counter 119 or frequency divider 117 or can be specified by the microcontroller 130 .
  • the Morse code is stored in the memory unit 133 and is applied to a digital output of the microcontroller 130 at a suitable readout speed.
  • the pause corresponds to a zero, the dit to the full output voltage of the microcontroller 130.
  • This output signal is superimposed on the modulation input of the driver 65 with the signal coming from the inverter 66.
  • the superimposition takes place in such a way that the electro-optical converter 3 is set to half the intensity without a microcontroller signal (pause) given a voltage signal coming from the inverter 66 . If a microcontroller signal (Dit) comes, then the signal at the modulation input of the driver 65 increases with a voltage signal coming from the inverter 66 such that the electro-optical converter 3 is set to full intensity.
  • a corresponding logical interconnection can ensure that the signal at the modulation input of the driver 65 is zero when a voltage signal comes from the microcontroller 130 but not from the inverter 66 .
  • the modulation of the light wave can be read out at the output of the electrical amplifier 60 with the readout unit 131, which is designed in particular as a peak value detector.
  • a threshold value of the peak value detector is set in such a way that the peak value detector only supplies an output signal during an optical dit pulse train, with which the output unit 132 is then driven.
  • figure 11 relates to a timepiece 100 according to a seventh embodiment of the invention.
  • the oscillating system 1 and the useful signal generating device 116 of the clock generator arrangement 10 are shown.
  • the useful signal generation device 116 can advantageously be designed like one of the useful signal generation devices 116 of the exemplary embodiments described above.
  • the oscillating system 1 can be connected directly or indirectly to the useful signal generation device.
  • the oscillating system 1 comprises an optical waveguide arrangement 2, which has an optical waveguide 20, an electro-optical converter 3, which is designed to feed a clocked light signal into the optical waveguide arrangement 2, and a optoelectrical converter 4 receiving the light signal from the optical waveguide 20, designed to generate an electrical signal based on the received light signal.
  • the electro-optical converter 3 is for feeding in an input signal 300, which is present at its electrical input, once or repeatedly in certain time periods.
  • optical waveguide arrangement 2 is designed as an endless loop (closed optical loop).
  • the clock generator arrangement 10 further comprises an optical splitter 51 for decoupling the light signal from the endless loop into the opto-electrical converter 4 and an optical coupler 53 for coupling the light signal from the electro-optical converter into the endless loop.
  • an optical amplifier 55 is arranged in the optical waveguide arrangement 2 designed as an endless loop.
  • the optical amplifier 55 is arranged between the optical coupler 53 and the optical splitter 51 .
  • the output of the optical waveguide 20 is connected to a first input of the optical coupler 51 .
  • the output of the optical coupler 53 is connected to the input of the amplifier 55.
  • the output of the optical amplifier 55 is connected to the input of the optical splitter 51, whose first output is connected to the input of the optical waveguide 20.
  • the optical output of the electro-optical converter 3 is connected to a second input of the optical coupler 53 .
  • a second output of the optical splitter 51 is connected to an input of the opto-electrical converter.
  • the electrical signal is available as an output signal 400 at the output of the opto-electrical converter 4 .
  • a useful signal can be generated from this electrical signal by means of the useful signal generating device 116 in the manner already described with reference to the clocks 100 according to the previous exemplary embodiments.
  • the approximate propagation time t d,LWL is ⁇ 100ns.
  • the light signal thus appears every 100 ns at the output and can be picked off there with the optical splitter 51 and used to generate the useful signal.
  • figure 12 demonstrates the clock signal generation function using a signal-time diagram 600.
  • Diagram 600 shows the course of input signal 300, output signal 400 and useful signal 500 as a function of time 700.
  • the input signal in figure 12 is a bit sequence. Any information can be stored in the bit sequence, which can be personalized for each clock signal generation at the customer's request. In which form and according to which method the signal is encoded and/or modulated is irrelevant for the clock generation function.
  • the illustrated clock signal 500 can be generated from the output signal 400 in a simple manner.
  • figure 13 relates to a timepiece 100 according to an eighth embodiment of the invention.
  • the vibration system 1 in the watch 100 according to the eighth embodiment differs from that of the watch 100 according to the seventh embodiment in the following structure.
  • the optical fiber arrangement 2 here is divided into a first section 21 between the optical coupler 53 and the optical splitter 51 and into a second section 22 between the optical splitter 51 and the optical coupler 53, with a delay in the light signal in the second section 22 being a Delay of the parallel signal from the optical splitter 51 to the optical coupler 53 corresponds.
  • the output signal of the optical waveguide 20 is split by means of the splitter 51, which is referred to below as the first splitter 51.
  • the first output of the first splitter 51 is connected to the input of the optical amplifier 55 .
  • the output of the optical amplifier 55 is connected to a first input of the coupler 53, which is referred to as the first optical coupler 53 in the following.
  • the output of the first optical coupler 53 is connected to the input of the optical fiber 20 .
  • the second output of the first splitter 51 is connected to a first input of a second optical coupler 54 . Its output is connected to the input of a delay line 56 .
  • the signal reaches the input of a second optical splitter 52 via the output of the delay line 56 .
  • the first output of the second optical splitter 52 is connected to a second input of the first optical coupler 53 .
  • the optical output of the electro-optical converter 3 is connected to a second input of the second optical coupler 54 .
  • a second output of the second optical splitter 54 is connected to an input of the opto-electrical converter 4 .
  • the electrical signal is available as an output signal 400 at the output of the opto-electrical converter 4 .
  • any desired clock signal can be generated from this output signal in a known manner by means of an electronic circuit.
  • the optical signal delay through the second optical coupler K2, the delay line VL and the second optical splitter S2 must correspond to the signal delay of the optical amplifier OV.
  • the two parallel optical signal paths 51-54-56-52-53 and 51-55-53 make it possible to maintain a continuous signal flow in the endless loop via the optical waveguide 20 even when the optical amplifier 55 is switched off for a short time is disabled. This results in the possibility of activating the optical amplifier 55 only when the optical signal power falls below a definable minimum value due to the attenuation in the endless loop.
  • the power consumption of the clock generation can be optimized as required.
  • figure 14 relates to a timepiece 100 according to a ninth embodiment of the invention.
  • an electrical amplifier 60 is used instead of an optical amplifier 55.
  • the optical output signal of the optical waveguide 20 is split into two optical signal components by means of the optical splitter 51 .
  • the first optical signal component is routed to a first input of an optical coupler 53 via a first output of the optical splitter 51 and via a delay line 56 .
  • the output of the optical coupler 53 is connected to the input of the optical fiber 20 .
  • the second optical signal component is converted into an electrical signal by means of the opto-electrical converter 4 via a second output of the optical splitter 51 .
  • This signal is amplified with an electrical amplifier 60 and, after being converted into an optical signal by means of the electro-optical converter 3, is fed to a second input of the optical coupler 53.
  • the electro-optical converter 3 can be controlled by the amplified and converted electrical signal from the opto-electrical converter 4 .
  • the input signal 300 is fed in between the optoelectrical converter 4 and the electrical amplifier 60 .
  • the output signal 400 is tapped off between the electrical amplifier 60 and the electro-optical converter 3 .
  • the total electrical and optical signal delay through the opto-electrical converter 4, the electrical amplifier 60 and the electro-optical converter 3 corresponds to the optical signal delay via the optical delay line 56.
  • figure 15 relates to a timepiece 100 according to a tenth embodiment of the invention.
  • a second optical fiber 57 is used here.
  • the optical signal delay of the second optical fiber 57 corresponds to the total electrical and optical signal delay through the opto-electrical converter 4, the electrical amplifier 60 and the electro-optical converter 3.
  • figure 16 relates to a timepiece 100 according to an eleventh embodiment of the invention.
  • a circuit 58 for data and clock recovery is used between the output of the electrical amplifier 60 and the input of the electro-optical converter 3 .
  • Circuits of this type which are also referred to as retimers, are used to regenerate the form of the electrical or optical signal that has changed as a result of dispersion and attenuation.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electric Clocks (AREA)

Claims (18)

  1. Pièce d'horlogerie (100), en particulier montre-bracelet comprenant :
    un ensemble oscillateur (10) avec un système oscillant (1),
    - dans laquelle le système oscillant (1) comporte :
    -- un ensemble guide d'onde optique (2) avec un guide d'onde optique (20),
    -- un convertisseur électro-optique (3) réalisé pour introduire un signal lumineux cadencé dans l'ensemble guide d'onde optique,
    -- et un convertisseur (4) opto-électrique recevant le signal lumineux du guide d'onde optique réalisé pour la génération d'un signal électrique sur la base du signal lumineux reçu,
    - dans laquelle l'ensemble oscillateur (10) comporte un dispositif de génération de signal utile électronique (116) qui est conçu afin de générer un signal utile sur la base d'une fréquence du signal électrique, et un dispositif d'affichage de pièce d'horlogerie (102) réalisé pour l'affichage de l'heure sur la base du signal utile.
  2. Pièce d'horlogerie (100) selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle le système oscillant (1) comporte un parcours de signal (5) optique dans l'ensemble guide d'onde optique (2) du convertisseur électro-optique (3) au convertisseur opto-électrique (4) et un parcours de signal (6) électrique du convertisseur opto-électrique (4) au convertisseur électro-optique (3), dans laquelle le convertisseur électro-optique (3) peut être commandé sur la base du signal électrique du convertisseur opto-électrique (4).
  3. Pièce d'horlogerie (100) selon la revendication 2, comprenant en amplificateur électrique (60), en particulier un amplificateur à transimpédance, pour l'amplification du signal électrique entre le convertisseur opto-électrique (4) et le convertisseur électro-optique (3).
  4. Pièce d'horlogerie (100) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 3, comprenant un déclencheur (61) et une bascule monostable (62), dans laquelle le déclencheur (61) est conçu afin de commander la bascule monostable (62) au moyen du signal électrique du convertisseur opto-électrique (4), et la bascule monostable (62) est conçue afin de générer une impulsion de sortie pour la commande du convertisseur électro-optique (3).
  5. Pièce d'horlogerie (100) selon les revendications 2 à 4, dans laquelle le parcours de signal (6) électrique est conçu afin d'inverser le signal électrique.
  6. Pièce d'horlogerie (100) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 5, comprenant un filtre de fréquence (63) pour le filtrage du signal électrique qui est agencé entre le convertisseur opto-électrique (4) et le convertisseur électro-optique (3).
  7. Pièce d'horlogerie (100) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 6, comprenant une bascule de Schmitt (64) qui est conçue afin de convertir le signal électrique en un signal rectangulaire.
  8. Pièce d'horlogerie (100) selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle l'ensemble guide d'onde optique (2) est réalisé comme une boucle sans fin, dans laquelle l'ensemble guide d'onde optique (10)
    - comporte un répartiteur (51) optique pour le découplage du signal lumineux de la boucle sans fin dans le convertisseur opto-électrique (4), et
    - un coupleur optique (53) pour le couplage du signal lumineux du convertisseur opto-électrique (3) dans la boucle sans fin.
  9. Pièce d'horlogerie (100) selon la revendication 8, comprenant un amplificateur (55) optique dans l'ensemble guide d'onde optique (2) réalisé comme boucle sans fin.
  10. Pièce d'horlogerie (100) selon la revendication 8 ou 9, dans laquelle le convertisseur électro-optique (3) peut être commandé par un signal électrique du convertisseur opto-électrique (4).
  11. Pièce d'horlogerie (100) selon la revendication 10, comprenant un amplificateur (60) électrique agencé pour l'amplification du signal électrique entre le convertisseur opto-électrique (4) et le convertisseur électro-optique (3).
  12. Pièce d'horlogerie (100) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 11, dans laquelle l'ensemble guide d'onde optique (2) est divisé en une première section (21) entre le coupleur (53) optique et le répartiteur (51) optique et en une seconde section (22) entre le répartiteur optique (51) et le coupleur optique (53),
    dans laquelle un retard du signal lumineux dans la seconde section (22) correspond à un retard du signal parallèle du répartiteur (51) optique au coupleur (53) optique.
  13. Pièce d'horlogerie (100) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant une unité de données (67) qui comporte un modulateur (68) pour la modulation du signal d'entrée du convertisseur électro-optique (3) sur la base d'un jeu de données.
  14. Pièce d'horlogerie (100) selon la revendication 13, comprenant :
    - une unité de mémoire (133) pour l'enregistrement d'un jeu de données, et/ou
    - une unité de saisie (134) pour la saisie d'un jeu de données, et/ou
    - une unité de lecture (131) pour la lecture du jeu de données du signal de sortie modulé du convertisseur opto-électrique (4), et en particulier une unité d'émission (132) pour l'émission d'une information sur la base du jeu de données lu.
  15. Pièce d'horlogerie (100) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant un oscillateur à cristal (127) avec une fréquence d'oscillation d'oscillateur à cristal,
    dans laquelle le dispositif de génération de signal utile (116) est réalisé afin de comparer la fréquence du signal électrique avec la fréquence d'oscillation d'oscillateur à cristal pour générer une valeur de comparaison réelle, et générer le signal utile sur la base de la fréquence du signal électrique et de la valeur de comparaison réelle.
  16. Pièce d'horlogerie (100) selon la revendication 15, dans laquelle plusieurs valeurs de comparaison de mémoire dépendant de la température et des valeurs de correction afférentes sont enregistrées dans le dispositif de génération de signal utile (116), et le dispositif de génération de signal utile (116) est réalisé afin d'associer la valeur de comparaison réelle à une valeur de comparaison de mémoire et de générer le signal utile sur la base de la fréquence du signal électrique et de la valeur de correction.
  17. Pièce d'horlogerie (100) selon l'une quelconque des revendications, dans laquelle :
    l'ensemble oscillateur (10) présente de plus un dispositif électromécanique (106) et
    la pièce d'horlogerie (100) comporte de plus un jeu de roues dentées (104), un dispositif d'entraînement (101) pour l'entraînement du jeu de roues dentées (104), et un dispositif d'affichage de pièce d'horlogerie (102) qui est relié au jeu de roues dentées (104) et est mobile par le jeu de roues dentées (104),
    dans laquelle le dispositif électromécanique (106) est mobile au moyen du signal utile généré par le dispositif de génération de signal utile électronique (116), par quoi le dispositif électromécanique (106) s'engage directement ou indirectement de manière cadencée dans le jeu de roues dentées (104).
  18. Pièce d'horlogerie selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 16, comprenant de plus :
    - un jeu de roues dentées (104),
    - un dispositif d'entraînement (101) pour l'entraînement du jeu de roues dentées (104), et
    - un dispositif d'affichage de pièce d'horlogerie (102) qui est relié au jeu de roues dentées (104) et est mobile par le jeu de roues dentées (104),
    dans laquelle le dispositif d'entraînement (101) est commandable au moyen du signal utile.
EP22731595.9A 2021-06-25 2022-06-01 Pièce d'horlogerie Active EP4136510B1 (fr)

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DE102021116557.1A DE102021116557A1 (de) 2021-06-25 2021-06-25 Uhr
PCT/EP2022/064909 WO2022268463A1 (fr) 2021-06-25 2022-06-01 Pièce d'horlogerie

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EP4136510B1 true EP4136510B1 (fr) 2023-08-23

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JP (1) JP2024523952A (fr)
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WO (1) WO2022268463A1 (fr)

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4482259A (en) * 1983-05-26 1984-11-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Laser clock
US6363036B1 (en) * 1998-12-31 2002-03-26 Lighttime, L.L.C. Light clock

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4297656A (en) 1979-03-23 1981-10-27 Harris Corporation Plural frequency oscillator employing multiple fiber-optic delay line
US7151415B1 (en) 2004-03-05 2006-12-19 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Injection locked dual opto-electronic oscillator
WO2005101286A2 (fr) 2004-04-15 2005-10-27 Oewaves, Inc. Traitement de signaux au moyen de circuits optoelectroniques regenerateurs
JP2017040533A (ja) * 2015-08-19 2017-02-23 株式会社リコー 時刻同期システム、基準信号送信装置およびタイムサーバ装置
EP3379347B1 (fr) * 2017-03-20 2020-01-01 ETA SA Manufacture Horlogère Suisse Procédé de réglage de la fréquence de marche d'une montre électronique

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4482259A (en) * 1983-05-26 1984-11-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Laser clock
US6363036B1 (en) * 1998-12-31 2002-03-26 Lighttime, L.L.C. Light clock

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DE102021116557A1 (de) 2022-12-29
JP2024523952A (ja) 2024-07-04
WO2022268463A1 (fr) 2022-12-29
EP4136510A1 (fr) 2023-02-22
CN117597634A (zh) 2024-02-23

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