EP2559056A1 - Procede et dispositif de mesure de spectrometrie de decharge luminescente en mode pulse - Google Patents
Procede et dispositif de mesure de spectrometrie de decharge luminescente en mode pulseInfo
- Publication number
- EP2559056A1 EP2559056A1 EP11730379A EP11730379A EP2559056A1 EP 2559056 A1 EP2559056 A1 EP 2559056A1 EP 11730379 A EP11730379 A EP 11730379A EP 11730379 A EP11730379 A EP 11730379A EP 2559056 A1 EP2559056 A1 EP 2559056A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- impedance
- measurement
- generator
- pulses
- discharge lamp
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008642 heat stress Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001036 glow-discharge mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000200 discharge mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001819 mass spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004993 emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005283 ground state Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010849 ion bombardment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001269 time-of-flight mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
- H01J49/26—Mass spectrometers or separator tubes
- H01J49/34—Dynamic spectrometers
- H01J49/36—Radio frequency spectrometers, e.g. Bennett-type spectrometers, Redhead-type spectrometers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
- H01J49/02—Details
- H01J49/10—Ion sources; Ion guns
- H01J49/105—Ion sources; Ion guns using high-frequency excitation, e.g. microwave excitation, Inductively Coupled Plasma [ICP]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and a device for measuring glow discharge spectrometry in pulsed mode.
- Glow discharge spectrometry is used for the quantitative analysis of the elemental chemical composition of solid samples or thin film stacks, this analysis can be solved in depth.
- a sample to be analyzed is exposed to an etching plasma that performs surface ablation.
- plasma provides, through various physicochemical mechanisms, the excitation and ionization of eroded species.
- the tracking of the species present in the plasma, by an optical spectrometer for the excited species and / or by a mass spectrometer for the ionised species makes it possible to obtain the profile of the chemical composition of a sample according to the depth of the sample. erosion with submicron resolution.
- SDL Glow Discharge Spectrometer
- An SDL device generally comprises a mechanical device called "lamp” in which is placed a sample to be analyzed, the body of the lamp being connected to an optical spectrometer and / or mass.
- Figure 1 shows schematically a cross-sectional view of a discharge lamp according to the state of the art.
- the discharge lamp 1 comprises an anode tube 3 inside a vacuum chamber 2.
- a sample 4 placed in the lamp facing one end of the anode tube 3 forms the second electrode of the device.
- a pumping system 7 makes it possible to carry out a primary vacuum in the lamp, then a gas 8, said carrier gas (generally argon) is introduced under low pressure.
- An electric generator 6 makes it possible to apply an electric field to the electrodes of the lamp and to generate a plasma 9 consisting of electrons 11, neutral atoms in a ground state or excited 12 and ionized species 13, the plasma 9 remaining confined within the anode tube 3.
- a plasma 9 consisting of electrons 11, neutral atoms in a ground state or excited 12 and ionized species 13, the plasma 9 remaining confined within the anode tube 3.
- the plasma 9 erodes the surface of the sample facing the end of the anode tube so as to form on the surface of the sample a crater whose diameter is close to the diameter of the anodic tube.
- the ionized species present in the plasma 9 are measured by a mass spectrometer and / or the species excited by an optical spectrometer.
- a mass spectrometer includes a mass analyzer which separates the ions according to their mass-to-charge ratio (m / z), where m represents the atomic mass and z the electric charge of an ionized species.
- a glow discharge spectrometer thus enables the analysis of materials and thin layers.
- the erosion rate of SDL sources being high (of the order of 2 to 100 nm per second), it is necessary to have spectrometers for rapid acquisition and providing multi-elemental information. This can be achieved by using a multichannel optical spectrometer and / or an extremely fast flight time mass spectrometer.
- the combination of an optical spectrometer and a mass spectrometer is also envisaged and has been carried out in experimental assemblies.
- an RF generator supplies the electric power to the discharge lamp, for example by means of an RF applicator 5 in contact with the sample 4.
- the RF generator has an output impedance of 50 ohms .
- the generator must in principle always be connected to an electrical circuit having an impedance adapted to the output impedance of the generator, that is to say 50 ohms.
- An impedance matching device placed between the electric generator and the discharge lamp makes it possible to match the output impedance of the generator to the impedance of the electrical system formed by the discharge lamp, the plasma and the sample.
- the impedance of the electrical system varies depending on the plasma conditions as well as the nature of the sample.
- the impedance matching device is slaved to an impedance mismatch measurement system, based for example on a measurement of the reflected power.
- the enslaved impedance matching system optimizes the transfer of power to the plasma by minimizing the reflected power.
- An impedance matching device generally comprises electrical components of variable capacitance and / or variable inductance for adjusting the impedance of the device. Since the power supplied by the generator is quite high (from a few Watts to more than a hundred Watts) the variable impedance components are generally electromechanical components such as variable capacitors or variable inductance coils which are compatible with the power delivered over a wide range of impedance variation.
- FIG. 2 diagrammatically represents an embodiment of a known impedance matching system 17 comprising an inductor 17a and two variable capacitors 17b, 17c.
- a mechanical control makes it possible to modify the value of the impedance of a component (capacitance or impedance) so as to modify the real part (ReQ) and the imaginary part ( ⁇ ) of the impedance of the tuning device.
- the known variable capacitors are, for example, plate capacitors whose distance is mechanically variable.
- a known variable impedance coil is for example a coil whose electrical contact point varies so as to change the number of turns used.
- Impedance matching devices are modeled in the literature by complex notations (real and imaginary values) and it is necessary to control two parameters to minimize the reflected power.
- the impedance match can be manually performed by an operator before the start of the SDL measurements or motorized so as to slave the position of the electromechanical components to a measurement of the power reflected by the sample and / or the current-voltage phase shift. .
- a controlled impedance matching device thus makes it possible to minimize the reflected power and to bring the current-voltage phase shift closer to 0 degrees at start-up and during the spectrometric measurements.
- the impedance agreement is necessarily slow because of the slowness of the measurement system of a signal representative of the impedance mismatch and because of the slowness of the electromechanical tuning device. impedance.
- the response time to obtain an impedance match is of the order of 0.5 to 10 seconds.
- An impedance matching device may optionally be coupled to a frequency deviation device which allows the frequency of the generator to be changed and the impedance mismatch to be modified.
- a frequency deviation device has a fast response time, of the order of 0.1 s, however, it only allows a single electrical parameter to be modified and does not always alone make it possible to completely minimize the reflected power.
- Another way to compensate for impedance mismatch is to increase the power provided by the RF generator.
- the additional power delivered dissipates, especially in the form of thermal energy that can induce heat stress in the sample.
- the presence of a cooling circuit in contact with the sample is not always sufficient to reduce thermal heating induced on the sample, even for optimized power, particularly in the case of fragile materials or multilayer samples, for which heat stress can be harmful.
- a pulsed RF source makes it possible, by optimizing the duty cycle of the pulses, to independently control the instantaneous power, responsible for the erosion of the material and for obtaining the analytical signals, and the average power supplied to the sample which is responsible for its thermal heating.
- FIG. 3A schematically shows the output power P f by the RF generator for generating an electrical pulse 20 for a duration ⁇ - ⁇ .
- FIG. 3B diagrammatically represents a measurement obtained by mass spectrometry just before the start of the electric pulse, during the pulse and after stopping this electrical pulse.
- the mass spectrometry signal can be analyzed in different time zones, respectively "prepeak” 31, "plateau” 32 and “afterglow” 33 offering original and rich analytical combinations of information not only for fragile materials but for any type of materials and stacks of thin layers.
- the two curves represented respectively in solid lines and in dotted lines correspond to the monitoring by a mass analyzer of two different elements, for example the carrier gas for the solid line curve and an element originating from the sample for the dashed curve.
- the ionic signals generally appear more intense in the "afterglow" zone 33 after the extinction of a plasma pulse.
- N. Tuccito et al. (Rapid Mass Spectrom Comm., 2009, 23: 549-556) indicates that the temporal distribution of the mass spectrometry signal maxima is specific to each element.
- This publication also demonstrates that we can not only optimize the measurement of each element with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer but also analyze ionized molecular fragments, which makes it possible to discriminate polymers of similar elemental composition but of different molecular structure. .
- the impedance of the material changes as a function of the erosion depth.
- impedance matching systems have a very high response time and the measurement systems of impedance mismatch are provided for continuous signals.
- the enslaved impedance matching devices that have existed so far do not work satisfactorily in pulsed mode because they generally cause an erratic movement of the electromechanical components of the tuning box and do not allow the power reflected at start-up to be minimized. or when changing diapers.
- the solution to avoid these erratic movements of the electromechanical components of the tuning box and thus erratic impedance changes is generally to inhibit the control system of the tuning box.
- the operator wishing to optimize the measurements must then proceed with a series of trial and error, by presetting the impedance matching device at fixed positions, so as to minimize the reflected power at start-up, and then compensating for small deviations. by an increase in incident power during erosion of the sample.
- This method of trial and error can be destructive for the sample, which is sometimes only available in one copy.
- the increase in the power applied necessarily induces heat stress in the sample, whereas one of the aims of using the pulsed mode is precisely to reduce the induced heat stress.
- the object of the present invention is to remedy these drawbacks and to improve a pulsed mode mass spectrometry method and device.
- the object of the invention is in particular to optimize the coupling of the electrical power with a glow discharge mass spectrometer operating in pulsed mode while reducing the induced heat stress, in particular for multilayer samples.
- the present invention relates more particularly to a method of measuring a solid sample by pulsed mode glow discharge spectrometry comprising the following steps:
- the method of the invention further comprises one or more of the following steps:
- the measurement of a signal representative of the impedance mismatch ⁇ comprises a measurement of the reflected electrical power and / or a measurement of the current-voltage phase shift
- the variations of the real part Re ⁇ ) and the imaginary part ⁇ ( ⁇ ) of the impedance ⁇ of said tuning device are obtained by modifying the values of the impedances of at least two components of the tuning device;
- the repetition frequency F of the pulses is between 0.1 kHz and 20 kHz and the duty cycle of the pulses ⁇ ⁇ F is between 5% and 50%.
- the present invention also relates to a glow discharge spectrometry device comprising:
- an RF electric field generator that can be used in pulsed mode and capable of generating an RF electric field comprising electrical pulses of duration ⁇ and of repetition frequency F ;
- a discharge lamp comprising electrodes, pumping means and means for introducing a carrier gas, said discharge lamp being able to receive a solid sample to be analyzed and capable of generating a glow discharge plasma,
- a mass spectrometer connected to said discharge lamp and capable of measuring at least one signal representative of an ionized species of plasma having a predetermined m / z ratio, with an acquisition frequency F 2 greater than 1 / ⁇ and
- an impedance matching device electrically connected on the one hand to the pulsed RF electric field generator and on the other hand to the electrodes of the discharge lamp, said tuning device being able to transfer the electrical power supplied by the RF generator in pulsed mode to the discharge lamp and said tuning device having a variable electrical impedance ⁇ .
- the glow discharge spectrometry device comprises a measurement system able to measure a signal representative of the impedance mismatch ⁇ between the generator and the discharge lamp, said measurement system comprising a fast acquisition system, synchronized with the plasma pulses, having an acquisition frequency F 3 greater than or equal to 1 / ⁇ and being able to supply the impedance matching device with a signal representative of the impedance mismatch ⁇ for at least a part of said pulses .
- the tuning device adapts the impedance ⁇ as a function of the measurement representative of the impedance mismatch, so as to minimize the impedance mismatch ⁇ in a continuous manner.
- the impedance matching device comprises at least two electromechanical components with variable capacitance (s) and / or variable inductance (s) able to modify the real part Re (Q) and the imaginary part
- the spectrometry device further comprises a frequency deviation device able to vary the RF frequency of the generator and slaved to the measurement of the impedance mismatch ⁇ ;
- the impedance mismatch measuring system comprises a measurement of the reflected electrical power and / or a measurement of the current / voltage phase shift;
- the mass spectrometer is a time-of-flight spectrometer, or a quadrupole spectrometer or a magnetic sector spectrometer or a Fourier transform mass spectrometer.
- the invention will find a particularly advantageous application in luminescent discharge mass spectrometry operating in pulsed mode.
- the present invention also relates to the features which will emerge during the following description, which should be considered individually or in all their technically possible combinations,
- FIG. 1 shows schematically a sectional view of a glow discharge lamp according to the prior art
- FIG. 2 diagrammatically represents an electrical coupling circuit between an electric generator, an impedance matching system and a discharge lamp according to the prior art
- FIG. 3A schematically represents a pulse applied by a pulsed mode generator as a function of time
- FIG. 3B diagrammatically represents two time signals obtained by mass spectrometry for two distinct elements and indicates the three measurement zones respectively "prepeak”, “plateau” and “afterglow”;
- FIG. 4A schematically represents a series of electrical pulses of duration ⁇ and of repetition frequency F
- FIG. 4B schematically represents a series of digital acquisitions corresponding to the different measurement zones by mass spectrometer
- FIG. 5 schematically represents an electrical coupling system between an electric generator, a discharge lamp, an impedance matching system and an impedance and / or frequency deviation servocontrol system according to a mode embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 6 represents a time measurement of the intensity of the electric power applied during a series of electrical pulses, as well as a fast digital measurement of a signal representative of the reflected power, as well as optical spectrometry signals.
- FIG. 5 schematically represents a glow discharge spectrometry apparatus which comprises an electric generator 6, a tuning device impedance 17, a discharge lamp 1 and an impedance mismatch measuring system 18.
- the discharge lamp 1 is a conventional lamp such as for example the discharge lamp detailed in connection with Figure 1.
- the discharge lamp 1 comprises a tubular electrode 3.
- a sample 4 to be analyzed forms the second electrode.
- An RF applicator transmits the power delivered by the generator to the discharge lamp through the sample.
- the electric generator 6 is an RF generator that can operate in continuous mode or in pulsed mode.
- the electric generator 6 delivers a maximum RF power of 150 W.
- the RF frequency of the generator is generally the normalized frequency of 13.56 MHz. However, there are also RF generators operating at other RF frequencies and compatible with the operating principle detailed below.
- FIG. 4A schematically represents the electric power P R supplied by the RF generator in pulsed mode.
- the generator 6 delivers pulses of duration ⁇ and of repetition frequency F (the variations due to the RF frequency are not shown in FIG. 4, because the RF frequency is extremely high compared to the frequency of repetition of the pulses. the duration of the pulses).
- the repetition frequency F of the pulses can be set to a value generally between 0.1 kHz and 20 kHz and the duty cycle of the pulses ⁇ ⁇ F- can be set to a value typically comprised between 5% and 50%.
- the duration of a pulse is generally between a few microseconds and a few milliseconds. The lower the duty cycle, the lower the risk of heating the sample.
- FIG. 4A schematically represents the electric power P R supplied by the RF generator in pulsed mode.
- the generator 6 delivers pulses of duration ⁇ and of repetition frequency F (the variations due to the RF frequency are not shown in FIG. 4, because the RF frequency is extremely high compared to the frequency
- 4B schematically represents the acquisition sequences by pulsed mode mass spectrometry.
- Digital acquisitions are made at a frequency F 2 equal to 1 / ⁇ 2 much greater than the frequency ⁇ in order to acquire enough spectra respectively on the "prepeak", “plateau” and “afterglow” zones of each period of the source.
- RF An acquisition sequence by the detector of the mass spectrometer extends over a duration T 2 greater than the duration ⁇ of a pulse of the RF generator. As illustrated in FIG.
- an acquisition sequence of the mass spectrometer starts a little before the electrical pulse so as to acquire the baseline of the mass spectra before the start of the pulse (zone 21), then continues at the beginning of the pulse (zone 22 "prepeak”), during the pulse (zone 23 “plateau”) and finally ends after the end of the pulse so as to acquire spectra (zone 24 "afterglow”) .
- the mass analyzer makes it possible to obtain simultaneously or almost simultaneously the intensity of the signals as a function of the m / z ratio, which makes it possible to deduce from them a multi-elemental and / or molecular chemical analysis of the sample resolved in depth.
- the RF generator has an output impedance of 50 ohms.
- the generator is connected to an electrical circuit whose impedance must in principle always be adapted to the output impedance of the generator, that is to say 50 ohms, to optimize the transfer of electrical power between the generator and the plasma .
- the impedance of the load connected to the generator is formed by the impedances placed in series (or in parallel according to the electric circuit) respectively of the discharge lamp 1, the plasma 9, the sample 4 and the tuning device.
- this impedance varies depending on the plasma conditions as well as the nature of the sample. In practice, the impedance of the discharge lamp 1 varies little while the impedance of the sample 4 varies during the measurement. Table I shows the impedances measured experimentally for different types of samples.
- the impedance of a sample in a glow discharge lamp is essentially capacitive in nature and, on the other hand, that the value of the impedance varies considerably depending on whether the sample is conducting, semiconductor or insulation.
- the impedance of the sample varies during measurement of GD-MS as a function of the plasma-exposed layer.
- FIG. 5 schematically represents the electric circuit connecting the pulsed RF electric field generator 6 to the glow discharge lamp 1.
- the glow discharge spectrometry device uses a conventional impedance matching device 17 placed between the generator 6 and the system formed by the discharge lamp 1 and the sample 4.
- the impedance matching device 17 comprises by example, an inductor 17a and two capacitors 17b, 17c with variable capacitances (C T , C L ), respectively a capacitor 17b in series and a capacitor 17c in parallel.
- the impedance matching box has a variable impedance ⁇ as a function of the respective capacitance values (C L , C T ) of the capacitors 17b, 17c and the inductance of the coil 17a.
- the capacity of a capacitor is variable mechanically, for example by decreasing the distance between the plates of a capacitor (vacuum capacitor for example) or by changing the surface between plates (finned capacitor for example).
- a component of the impedance matching system is replaced by two components: for example the variable capacitor 17b is replaced by two capacitors in parallel, a capacitor of large capacity and a capacitor of small capacity.
- the motorization of the small capacity allows a fast response, while the large capacity in parallel allows an adaptation to the strong variations of impedance with a longer response time.
- the impedance matching system comprises two inductance coils mechanically variable by modifying the electrical contact point of the circuit and therefore the number of turns used for each coil.
- Variable capacitors allow for continuous impedance variation while variable impedance systems have incremental impedance variations. These systems are robust and support high electrical powers (several tens or even hundreds of watts). However, the impedance variation is controlled by a mechanical movement which remains slow even when it is motorized.
- the innovative part of the device represented in FIG. 5 resides in the impedance mismatch measuring device 18 and in the servocontrol of the impedance matching system 17 to this measuring device 18 during the application of a field electric RF pulsed.
- the impedance matching system 17 is continuously slaved to an analog measurement representative of the impedance mismatch, such as, for example, a measurement of the reflected power, and / or a measurement of the phase shift. current-voltage.
- the impedance of the components of the tuning system 17 is modified by a mechanical movement which is relatively slow compared to the duration of pulses in pulsed mode and compared to the pulse repetition frequency (from 10 Hz to 20 kHz).
- the device of the invention comprises a device 18 connected to the impedance matching device 17.
- a device 18 comprising a fast digital system for measuring a signal representative of the disagreement d impedance ⁇ .
- These control signals are measured in a manner synchronized with the plasma pulses so as to take into account only the signals measured when the plasma is on.
- the acquisition system of a measurement representative of an impedance mismatch (reflected power and / or current-voltage phase shift) is represented symbolically in FIG. 5 by the link 19a between the output of the impedance matching device. 17 and the input of the system 18.
- One or more values representative of the impedance mismatch ⁇ are thus acquired at a high acquisition frequency for each electrical pulse, that is to say for each plasma source.
- a calculator makes it possible to determine how much to vary the real part (ReQ) and the imaginary part ( ⁇ ) of the impedance matching device, to minimize the impedance mismatch or to minimize the reflected power according to an algorithm predetermined servocontrol.
- a preliminary calibration thus makes it possible to determine which movement (s) to apply to the electromechanical components in order to modify their respective impedances according to the determined value.
- the servo control algorithm of the computer can be based on a function proportional to the impedance mismatch measured ⁇ , to correct the errors observed, and / or on a differential function as a function of the rate of change of ⁇ , so as to anticipate variations in impedance mismatch.
- the slaving between the measuring device 18 and the tuning device is represented symbolically by the link 19b which makes it possible to act on the value of the capacitors 17b, 17c as a function of the measurement, for example of the reflected power.
- the feedback loop formed by the two links 19a and 19b makes it possible, for example, to minimize the reflected power P r , and thus to obtain the impedance match between a pulsed mode RF generator 6 and its charge constituted by the discharge, plasma and sample.
- the measuring device can also be used to act by frequency deviation on the generator 6 via the link 19c so as to minimize a measurement representative of the impedance mismatch.
- the frequency deviation changes the nominative RF frequency of 13.56 MHz by +/- 300 kHz.
- the device of the invention thus makes it possible to act on an impedance matching device coupled to an RF generator in pulsed mode, although this impedance matching device has an extremely slow response time compared to the durations of the pulses as well as the time interval between two successive pulses.
- Figure 6 shows a series of plasma pulses as a function of time, as well as the measurements of incident and reflected power.
- the curves ⁇ - ⁇ and l 2 represent optical spectrometry analysis signals, which have maxima during the plasma pulse.
- the curve P f represents a measure of the power supplied by the RF generator, in other words the incident power.
- the curve P r represents a measure of the reflected power.
- the ordinate scale is in arbitrary units.
- the incident power measurements P f and the reflected power P r between two successive pulses are filtered. Only the power measurements taken during the pulses are kept.
- Reflected power and / or phase-to-voltage phase shifts allow control of the reflected power and also allows the reflected power to be minimized through feedback to the impedance matching system which slaves capacitor values and / or or variable inductances.
- the impedance matching of the impedance matching device is not effective during the pulse where the measurement is made, due to the response times of the mechanical movements to adjust the impedances of the device. agreement.
- the impedance change is performed continuously on a cycle of several pulses.
- the impedance matching box comprises mechanically variable capacitors, the capacitances (17b, 17c) are continuously varied, smoothing the impedance variations.
- the impedance change can occur several pulses after the measurement of the disagreement. From one impulse to the next, a reduction in the reflected power P f enslaved as a function of time to the evolution of the impedance of the discharge lamp and of the sample is thereby obtained step by step. It is not therefore a real time enslavement.
- the impedance adaptation in a continuous way corresponds well to the analyzed materials, because even in the case where the interfaces are clear, one passes progressively from one layer to another.
- the method and the device of the invention nevertheless allow impedance matching in pulsed mode under conditions in which power transfer is optimized.
- the optimization of the power transfer and in particular the minimization of the reflected power make it possible to protect the sample from dissipation of energy in the form of heat. This optimization also protects the generator because the power reflected towards the electric generator may damage it.
- the digital impedance mismatch and impedance tuning system control device can operate in either continuous mode or pulsed mode. This device allows impedance matching at the start of the measurement and during a measurement, in particular at each interface of a multi-layer sample.
- the extraction frequency of the mass spectrometer is of the order of 30 kHz, that is to say much greater than the repetition frequency of the pulses, so as to extract a profile comprising enough points for each pulse.
- the Mass spectrometry measurements are averaged over a predetermined number of source periods following the depth resolution required to form a series of mass spectra of the sample. The evolution of the signal of one or more ionic species as a function of time makes it possible to construct the profile of the sample analyzed.
- the discharge lamp may optionally be coupled to an optical spectrometer for optical emission measurements,
- the method and the device of the invention make it possible to optimize impedance matching in pulsed mode, although the impedance matching system can remain based on components (capacitor (s) and / or inductance (s) variable) whose impedance variation is controlled by a slow mechanical movement.
- the method and the device of the invention allow the analysis by glow discharge mass spectrometry in pulsed mode under conditions where the impedance matching of the plasma is optimized according to a measurement taken only during the pulses. which allows the optimal transfer of power to the plasma in pulsed mode without increasing the power supplied.
- the method and apparatus of the invention avoids a test on a sample to optimize the impedance matching start conditions, which limits the loss of samples, particularly in the case of small sample size to be analyzed. or fragile sample.
- the method and the device of the invention allow the analysis of fragile samples without inducing adverse thermal stress and allow accurate analysis of multilayer samples, without drifting agreement conditions during layer changes.
- the method of the invention thus makes it possible to obtain measurements having a better accuracy, better depth resolution and / or faster speed, over a wide range of impedance matching, compared to a non-pulsed RF mode method. enslaved impedance and also compared to a pulsed RF mode process without impedance servocontrol.
- the method and the device of the invention not only make it possible to improve the analytical performance of a GD-MS apparatus, but also to effectively protect the RF generator by effectively minimizing the power reflected back to the generator, capable of damage the electrical generator.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)
- Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
- Electron Tubes For Measurement (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1052883A FR2959015B1 (fr) | 2010-04-15 | 2010-04-15 | Procede et dispositif de mesure de spectrometrie de decharge luminescente en mode pulse |
PCT/FR2011/050865 WO2011128600A1 (fr) | 2010-04-15 | 2011-04-14 | Procede et dispositif de mesure de spectrometrie de decharge luminescente en mode pulse |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2559056A1 true EP2559056A1 (fr) | 2013-02-20 |
EP2559056B1 EP2559056B1 (fr) | 2019-04-17 |
Family
ID=43303986
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP11730379.2A Active EP2559056B1 (fr) | 2010-04-15 | 2011-04-14 | Procede et dispositif de mesure de spectrometrie de decharge luminescente en mode pulse |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8581180B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2559056B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP5965388B2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2959015B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2011128600A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9620334B2 (en) * | 2012-12-17 | 2017-04-11 | Lam Research Corporation | Control of etch rate using modeling, feedback and impedance match |
FR3007140B1 (fr) * | 2013-06-17 | 2016-06-10 | Horiba Jobin Yvon Sas | Procede et dispositif de spectrometrie de masse a decharge luminescente |
FR3019298B1 (fr) * | 2014-03-31 | 2016-04-15 | Horiba Jobin Yvon Sas | Procede et appareil de mesure d'un echantillon solide organique par spectrometrie de decharge luminescente |
MX359279B (es) * | 2014-05-05 | 2018-09-21 | Huawei Tech Co Ltd | Antena de inclinacion electrica remota, estacion base, y metodo para emparejamiento de una rcu con puerto rf. |
US9875884B2 (en) * | 2015-02-28 | 2018-01-23 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Ambient desorption, ionization, and excitation for spectrometry |
JP6623557B2 (ja) * | 2015-05-27 | 2019-12-25 | 株式会社島津製作所 | Icp分析装置 |
KR101881536B1 (ko) * | 2017-02-24 | 2018-07-24 | 주식회사 뉴파워 프라즈마 | 출력전류 제어가 가능한 전력공급장치 및 이를 이용한 전력공급방법 |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0982496A (ja) * | 1995-09-12 | 1997-03-28 | Jeol Ltd | 高周波装置 |
JP2000150478A (ja) * | 1998-11-12 | 2000-05-30 | Matsushita Electronics Industry Corp | プラズマ発生方法及びプラズマ発生装置 |
US6472822B1 (en) * | 2000-04-28 | 2002-10-29 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Pulsed RF power delivery for plasma processing |
JP4079919B2 (ja) * | 2003-10-20 | 2008-04-23 | 株式会社堀場製作所 | グロー放電発光分析装置及びグロー放電発光分析方法 |
JP2006078455A (ja) * | 2004-09-13 | 2006-03-23 | Horiba Ltd | グロー放電発光分析装置、及びグロー放電発光分析方法 |
KR100915613B1 (ko) * | 2007-06-26 | 2009-09-07 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 펄스 플라즈마 매칭시스템 및 그 방법 |
US7839223B2 (en) * | 2008-03-23 | 2010-11-23 | Advanced Energy Industries, Inc. | Method and apparatus for advanced frequency tuning |
US20090294275A1 (en) * | 2008-05-29 | 2009-12-03 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Method of plasma load impedance tuning by modulation of a source power or bias power rf generator |
-
2010
- 2010-04-15 FR FR1052883A patent/FR2959015B1/fr active Active
-
2011
- 2011-04-14 WO PCT/FR2011/050865 patent/WO2011128600A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2011-04-14 JP JP2013504321A patent/JP5965388B2/ja active Active
- 2011-04-14 US US13/640,116 patent/US8581180B2/en active Active
- 2011-04-14 EP EP11730379.2A patent/EP2559056B1/fr active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2011128600A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US8581180B2 (en) | 2013-11-12 |
WO2011128600A1 (fr) | 2011-10-20 |
JP5965388B2 (ja) | 2016-08-03 |
EP2559056B1 (fr) | 2019-04-17 |
JP2013524471A (ja) | 2013-06-17 |
FR2959015B1 (fr) | 2012-06-22 |
US20130200257A1 (en) | 2013-08-08 |
FR2959015A1 (fr) | 2011-10-21 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP2559056B1 (fr) | Procede et dispositif de mesure de spectrometrie de decharge luminescente en mode pulse | |
EP1916877B1 (fr) | Procédé et dispositif de régulation d'alimentation électrique d'un magnétron et installation de traitement de récipients thermoplastiques qui en fait application | |
WO1997011587A1 (fr) | Procede et dispositif de mesure d'un flux d'ions dans un plasma | |
WO2005090632A1 (fr) | Depot par pulverisation cathodique magnetron en regime impulsionnel avec preionisation | |
WO2006030024A1 (fr) | Sonde de mesure de caracteristiques d'un courant d'excitation d'un plasma, et reacteur a plasma associe. | |
TW201445629A (zh) | 一種等離子體刻蝕工藝的處理裝置及方法 | |
EP1774055A2 (fr) | Implanteur ionique fonctionnant en mode plasma pulse | |
WO2015159208A1 (fr) | Dispositif de formation d'un faisceau quasi-neutre de particules de charges opposees | |
EP2457248A1 (fr) | Dispositif et méthode pour la mesure d'un faisceau energetique de particules | |
EP3539145B1 (fr) | Circuit d'adaptation d'impedance entre un générateur et une charge à des fréquences multiples, ensemble comportant un tel circuit et utlisation liée | |
TW202030798A (zh) | 電漿處理方法及電漿處理裝置 | |
EP1763891A1 (fr) | Alimentation d'implanteur ionique prevue pour une limitation de l'effet de charge | |
EP2984203B1 (fr) | Machine d'implantation ionique presentant une productivite accrue | |
WO2015150677A1 (fr) | Procede et appareil de mesure d'un echantillon solide organique par spectrometrie de decharge luminescente | |
WO2024091319A1 (fr) | Procédé de collecte de données de spectre d'émission optique et de détection de point d'extrémité | |
WO2014184357A1 (fr) | Générateur de plasma étendu comprenant des générateurs élémentaires intégrés | |
WO2016083717A1 (fr) | Procédé d'analyse d'un échantillon solide par spectrométrie de masse à temps de vol | |
WO2009130424A1 (fr) | Source magnetron pour spectrometre a decharge luminescente | |
JP2003240717A (ja) | 高周波グロー放電発光分光分析装置 | |
FR3062951A1 (fr) | Source d'ions positifs pour un spectrometre de masse de terrain | |
Cui et al. | The application of ultrafast laser pulses to laser desorption mass spectrometry | |
FR2466118A1 (fr) | Laser a guide d'ondes a haute frequence | |
FR2648230A1 (fr) | Procede et dispositif d'analyse d'un echantillon par spectrometrie de masse a bon rendement de transmission des ions | |
FR2569000A1 (fr) | Procede et appareils pour le controle in situ de l'epaisseur de couches ultraminces deposees par pulverisation ionique | |
JP2000121560A (ja) | 高周波グロー放電発光分光分析装置 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20121016 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20170822 |
|
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED |
|
INTG | Intention to grant announced |
Effective date: 20181126 |
|
GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE PATENT HAS BEEN GRANTED |
|
RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: HORIBA FRANCE SAS |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: NOT ENGLISH |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R096 Ref document number: 602011058125 Country of ref document: DE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: REF Ref document number: 1122476 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20190515 Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: LANGUAGE OF EP DOCUMENT: FRENCH |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: NL Ref legal event code: MP Effective date: 20190417 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: LT Ref legal event code: MG4D |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190417 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: PT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190817 Ref country code: AL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190417 Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190417 Ref country code: LT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190417 Ref country code: HR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190417 Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190417 Ref country code: NO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190717 Ref country code: FI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190417 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: PL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190417 Ref country code: RS Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190417 Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190718 Ref country code: LV Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190417 Ref country code: BG Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190717 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: MK05 Ref document number: 1122476 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20190417 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IS Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190817 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R097 Ref document number: 602011058125 Country of ref document: DE |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190417 Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190417 Ref country code: CZ Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190417 Ref country code: DK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190417 Ref country code: RO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190417 Ref country code: EE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190417 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SM Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190417 Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190417 |
|
26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20200120 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: TR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190417 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190417 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MC Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190417 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20200430 Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20200414 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20200430 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: BE Ref legal event code: MM Effective date: 20200430 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20200430 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20200414 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20200414 Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20200414 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190417 Ref country code: CY Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190417 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20190417 |
|
P01 | Opt-out of the competence of the unified patent court (upc) registered |
Effective date: 20230525 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20230302 Year of fee payment: 13 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20240301 Year of fee payment: 14 |