Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
  • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
  • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
  • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
  • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
  • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
  • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
  • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
  • H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
  • H02J7/007184—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage in response to battery voltage gradient
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
  • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
  • H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
  • H02J7/06—Regulation of charging current or voltage using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for charging a battery, in particular a lithium-ion battery, comprising the following steps: First, the battery is charged with a constant charging current in a first phase, then, in a subsequent second phase, with a constant charging voltage, the charging is terminated in response to a predeterminable limit value of the charging current in the second phase.
• the invention further relates to a device for charging a battery, in particular for carrying out the method described above, with at least one current regulator for charging the battery with a constant charging current in a first phase and at least one voltage regulator for charging the battery with a constant voltage in one subsequent second phase, as well as with a device for terminating the charging function of a predefinable limit value of the charging current during the second phase.
• a control voltage predetermined for setting the constant voltage is compared with at least one stored switch-off value determined as a function of the limit value, and the charging is ended when the pilot voltage reaches the switch-off value.
• a shutdown value taking into account the limit value of the charging current is used as the criterion for terminating the charging process.
• the charging current which drops during the second phase is thus taken into account indirectly.
• the cut-off value is selected such that it corresponds to the reference voltage at the time of reaching the predefinable limit value by the charging current.
• the switch-off value is preferably calculated and / or determined by empirical tests.
• the experiments are preferably carried out in such a way that the charging current and the reference voltage are detected during the second phase and compared with one another.
• the current control voltage is determined and stored.
• the guide voltage is specified as a function of a source voltage, a battery voltage and / or as a function of components used for voltage regulation.
• the entire rule of the voltage regulator is taken into account for determining the supply voltage, so that an optimal filling level is achieved.
• an individual switch-off value is stored for each battery to be charged.
• the above-mentioned variation of the bias voltage at the same current and different battery voltage results in the turn-off time being subject to some blurring across different battery voltages.
• this blurring can be compensated for by selecting the cut-off value associated with the battery to be charged.
• the battery voltage is constant during the second phase and is determined by the formation of the battery itself. Metrologically, the battery voltage is easy to detect.
• the device according to the invention is characterized in that the device comprises at least one control unit which compares a voltage applied to the output of the voltage regulator guide voltage with a stored in a memory of the device, depending on the limit value Abschaltaltwert, and the charging ends when the leading voltage reaches the cut-off value.
• the device thus comprises a memory in which at least one switch-off value is stored or, as described above, deposited.
• the control unit accesses the stored cut-off value and compares it with the voltage applied to the output of the voltage regulator, which, as stated above, serves to reach the filling level. If the pilot voltage reaches the switch-off value, which corresponds to the time at which the charging current reaches the predefinable limit value, the charging process is ended.
• a switching element is preferably provided, which can be controlled by the control unit and separates the electrical connection to the battery. Further advantages result from the method described above.
• the voltage regulator and / or the current regulator comprises at least one operational amplifier, so that the voltage regulation or current regulation takes place analogously and is implemented cost-effectively.
• the control unit preferably comprises at least one microcontroller, to which the control voltage is supplied, and which compares these with the shutdown value stored in the memory or with the stored shutdown values.
• the microcontroller is associated with at least one analog-digital converter, by means of which the guide voltage is detected and supplied to the microcontroller for comparison.
• the means may, for example, be a voltage measuring device which detects the voltage of the battery to be charged and thereby closes it to a specific battery. So can be selected in a simple manner in the comparison of the guide voltage with the shutdown of the battery associated with, individual shutdown.
• FIG. 1 shows a device for charging a battery in a schematic
• the device 1 shows a schematic representation of a device 1 for charging a battery 2.
• the device 1 has an AC voltage source 3 or can be connected thereto.
• the supplied from the AC voltage source 3 source voltage U A c is supplied to a rectifier 4, which converts the AC voltage UAC into a DC voltage U 4 , which is a switch 5 is supplied.
• the switch 5 is preferably one or more semiconductor elements, particularly preferably MOSFETs, bipolar transistors or IGBTs. By specifying the switching frequency is that of the switch. 5 to be output AC voltage U 5 set. This becomes a transformer
• the transformer 6 which converts the AC voltage U 5 in an AC voltage U 6 in a known manner.
• the transformer 6 is a second rectifier
• the device 1 comprises an analog current regulator 10 and an analog voltage regulator 11, each comprising an operational amplifier 12 and 13, respectively.
• the current controller 10 is designed to charge the battery with a constant charging current, while the voltage regulator 1 1 for
• Charging the battery is designed with a constant voltage.
• a guide voltage U F is set, which detected by means of a voltage divider 14 and a control unit 15, which includes a micro-controller 16, is supplied.
• the microcontroller 16 is associated with a memory, in particular non-volatile memory 17, are stored in the comparison values, which will be discussed in more detail later.
• the current regulator 10 and the voltage regulator 13 are followed by an optocoupler 18 whose output is connected to an input of the switch 5.
• the method for charging the battery 2 will be explained with reference to the diagram shown in FIG. First, the battery 2 is charged by means of the current regulator 10 with a constant charging current I L. In this first phase I, the charging voltage U L of the battery 2 increases.
• the current-controlled process switches to a voltage-controlled process by the battery 2 in the second phase II following the first phase 1 through the voltage regulator 1 1 is charged with a constant voltage.
• the current I L of the battery 2 drops.
• the guide voltage U F is varied.
• a microcontroller 16 detects the guide voltage U F and compares it with the values stored in the memory 17.
• the stored values are switch-off values which correspond to the reference voltage U F at a time t 2 at which the charging current I L reaches a limit from which the charging process is to be aborted.
• Individual cut-off values stored in the memory 17 relate to the unbalanced Different batteries to be charged by the device 1, so that for each rechargeable battery each an individual Abschaltwert is deposited. The cut-off values were previously determined by empirical tests.
• the microcontroller 16 is assigned an analog-to-digital converter 19, which is connected to the voltage divider 14. The microcontroller now compares the leading voltage with the corresponding cutoff value.
• the microcontroller 16 can branch to the corresponding memory location in the memory 17 and use the individual shutdown value stored there to form the shutdown criterion. If the guide voltage U F reaches the turn-off value, then the charging process is terminated by the device 1, for example by opening the switch 5.
• the control unit 15 with the microcontroller 16 and the analog-to-digital converter 19 and the memory 17 thus together form a device 20 for terminating the charging.
• the time to complete the charging process can be determined individually for each battery or cell. For example, it can be considered that the charging current I L of another battery only reaches the predefinable limit value at a later time t 3 , as indicated in FIG. 2.
• the time for terminating the charging process is thus not determined directly as a function of the charging current I L , as usual, but as a function of the reference voltage U F.
• the device 1 and the method for charging the battery can be made cost-effective and simpler.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Electrochemistry (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
• Secondary Cells (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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ID=44625323

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (6)

Families Citing this family (5)

Citations (2)

Family Cites Families (11)

• 2010
  • 2010-04-08 DE DE102010003703A patent/DE102010003703A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2011
  • 2011-02-23 RU RU2012147305/07A patent/RU2012147305A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2011-02-23 US US13/639,681 patent/US9257869B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2011-02-23 CN CN201180027796.4A patent/CN102934321B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2011-02-23 WO PCT/EP2011/052690 patent/WO2011124411A2/de active Application Filing
  • 2011-02-23 EP EP11707138A patent/EP2556576A2/de not_active Ceased

Patent Citations (2)

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