EP2556179A1 - Revêtement autolubrifiant et procédé associé - Google Patents

Revêtement autolubrifiant et procédé associé

Info

Publication number
EP2556179A1
EP2556179A1 EP11713239A EP11713239A EP2556179A1 EP 2556179 A1 EP2556179 A1 EP 2556179A1 EP 11713239 A EP11713239 A EP 11713239A EP 11713239 A EP11713239 A EP 11713239A EP 2556179 A1 EP2556179 A1 EP 2556179A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pores
bearing
porous layer
substrate
metal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11713239A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ion Savu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nuovo Pignone SpA
Original Assignee
Nuovo Pignone SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nuovo Pignone SpA filed Critical Nuovo Pignone SpA
Publication of EP2556179A1 publication Critical patent/EP2556179A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/06—Lubrication
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C23C4/06—Metallic material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/123—Spraying molten metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/18—After-treatment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/10—Construction relative to lubrication
    • F16C33/1025—Construction relative to lubrication with liquid, e.g. oil, as lubricant
    • F16C33/103—Construction relative to lubrication with liquid, e.g. oil, as lubricant retained in or near the bearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
    • F16C2204/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the subject matter disclosed herein generally relate to methods and systems and, more particularly, to mechanisms and techniques for providing a self-lubricated coating.
  • Such machines generally include a fixed part, the stator, and a rotating part, the rotor.
  • the rotor is configured to rotate relative to the stator to achieve one of compressing a medium, producing electrical energy, or transforming electrical energy into mechanical energy.
  • the rotor needs to rotate relative to the stator with minimum friction and in a certain temperature range. Because of the continuous rotation of the rotor and its weight (which might be between 20 and 20,000 kg and increases the friction), a large amount of heat is produced. The heat appears mainly in the bearings that support the rotor.
  • various mechanisms for cooling the bearings may be used.
  • One such mechanism is to continuously circulate a medium, oil for example, between the rotor and the bearings and to remove the excessive heat by cooling the oil.
  • a pump may be used to force the circulation of the oil.
  • the pump fails, the oil stops flowing and consequently, stops removing the heat developed at an interface between the rotor and the bearing. Under these circumstances, no oil may be present at the interface between the rotor and the bearing, which determines an increase of the temperature of the bearing up to a point that will result in damages to the rotor and/or the bearing or other component of the machine.
  • a method for providing a self- lubricated coating on a substrate includes spraying with an inert gas at least a layer of liquid metal on the substrate; adding a compound to the liquid metal while being sprayed on the substrate; forming a porous layer on the substrate that includes the metal and the compound, where the porous layer has plural pores; heating the porous layer to open the pores; flooding the open pores with a greasing substance such that part of the greasing substance is stored in one or more pores; and cooling the porous layer to close the pores and trap the greasing substance inside the pores.
  • a method for operating a turbo-machinery having a safety mechanism for a bearing includes rotating a rotor relative to a stator of the turbo-machinery; supporting the rotor with a bearing that includes at least a porous layer, the at least a porous layer including a metal and a compound that form plural pores and a greasing substance stored in the pores; and providing a lubricant to the bearing while the rotor rotates such that an operation temperature of the bearing is substantially constant.
  • a turbo-machinery that includes a stator configured to be fix; a rotor configured to rotate relative to the stator; a bearing configured to support the rotor and facilitate a rotation of the rotor; and a self-lubricated coating provided on the bearing or the rotor.
  • the self- lubricated coating includes at least a porous layer, the at least a porous layer including a metal and a compound that form plural pores and a greasing substance stored in the pores, and the pores are closed trapping the greasing substance when an operational temperature of the bearing is below a predetermined value.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a machine having a rotor and a stator
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a substrate having a self-lubricated coating according to an exemplary embodiment
  • Figure 3 is an illustration of a porous layer according to an exemplary embodiment
  • Figure 4 is a flow chart illustrating a method for providing a self-lubricated coating on a substrate according to an exemplary embodiment
  • Figure 5 is a flow chart illustrating a method for operating a turbo-machinery having a safety mechanism for a bearing according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • part of the rotor, the bearing or both of them are coated with a self-lubricated coating that is configured to store a greasing material while the machine operates at a normal temperature and to release the greasing material when the temperature of the machine increases over a certain threshold temperature.
  • a compressor 10 includes, among other things, a rotor 12 that is configured to rotate relative to a rotor 14.
  • the rotor 12 is supported, for example, at both ends, by one or more bearings 16.
  • Various bearings are known in the art and any of these bearings may be used to support the rotor 12.
  • a bearing is a journal bearing, which is described in U.S. Patent No. 6,361 ,215, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • a journal bearing 16 uses one or more pads 18 that support the rotor 12 and oil is injected between the pads 18 and the rotor 12 at an interface 20 to reduce friction and/or to cool the interface.
  • a pump (not shown) may be used to pump the oil through a channel 22 in each pad at the interface 20 between the pad 18 and the rotor 12. If the oil fails to be delivered at the interface 20, the temperature at this interface would increase beyond an acceptable value, which may damage the bearing 16, the rotor 12 or both of them.
  • a portion of either the rotor 12, or the bearing 16, or both of them may be coated with a self-lubricated layer 24.
  • the self-lubricated layer 24 may be deposited, as shown in Figure 2, on a substrate 26, which may be one of the rotor 12 and/or the bearing 16. When the self-lubricated layer 24 is deposited on the rotor 12, it is desired that this layer be deposited to directly face the bearing 16.
  • Layer 24 may include a base material 28 that is deposited on the substrate 24.
  • the base material may include a metal used for the bearing, e.g., gray cast iron, stainless steel, carbon steel, non-ferrous alloys, etc.
  • the base material is plastic, e.g., includes a material with a low carbon content and high content of Fe, Ni or Cobalt.
  • the base material does not includes Cr.
  • the base material may include a non- ferrous metal so that the base material is plastic.
  • the base material may be deposited by methods known in the art. For example, the base material may be sprayed on the substrate. However, in one application the base material layer 28 is not part of the layer 24. Base material layer 28 is deposited to ensure a better adherence between the self-lubricated layer 24 and the substrate 26.
  • a porous layer 30 that provides the self-lubricated functionality is formed on the base material layer 28 or directly on the substrate 26.
  • Porous layer 30 may include a metal and a compound that promotes the formation of pores in the porous layer 30.
  • the metal may be one or more of a metal used for the bearing, e.g., gray cast iron, stainless steel, carbon steel, etc., depending on the application, the desired hardness of the layer, the load of the bearings.
  • the compound may be one or more of graphite powder, Molybdenum disulfide (M0S 2 ), Tungsten sulfide (WS 2 ).
  • M0S 2 Molybdenum disulfide
  • WS 2 Tungsten sulfide
  • the metal is sprayed as a liquid on the base material layer 28.
  • electric arc or plasma spray may be used for spraying the liquid metal and compound.
  • An inert gas under pressure may be used to not only deliver the melted metal from the gun or other device used for
  • Porous layer 30 is shown in Figure 3 to have plural pores 32 distributed through the metal and compound mixture 34.
  • the number of the plural pores 32 depends on many variables. For example, the number of pores may depend on the temperature at which the liquid metal is sprayed on the substrate, the pressure of the inert gas, the distance between the gun that sprays the liquid metal and the substrate, the specific metal used, the specific compound used, etc. In one application, the thickness of the self-lubricated layer 30 is between micrometers and millimeters.
  • the pores are closed, e.g., if the porous layer 30 is immersed in a bath of liquid, an insignificant amount of that liquid enters the pores of layer 30.
  • the layer 30 together with the substrate 26 are exposed (e.g., immersed) into an oil bath at a high temperature , the pores 32 of layer 30 open up and the oil starts flooding the pores.
  • the high temperate range may be from 80 to 500 °C, depending for example, on the type of oil (synthetic or not, etc.).
  • the oil is used as an example but any greasing material may be used to partially fill part or all of the pores of the layer 30.
  • the substrate 26 and layer 30 are then cooled down to the room temperature to seal the pores such that the absorbed greasing material is stored inside the pores 32.
  • Such substrate having the self-lubricated layer 30 is then used in one or more of the machines discussed above.
  • the temperature at the interface increases past the temperature for opening the pores of the self-lubricated layer 30, which determines the porous layer 30 to start releasing the greasing material at the interface between the rotor and the bearing.
  • Such a self-lubricated layer 30, depending on its size and distribution on the bearing and/or rotor, may provide the operator of the machine with minutes if not hours of safe operation although the main oil supply mechanism of the machine has failed. In this way, the operator has the necessary time to shut down the entire processing line in a controlled manner without impairing the safety of the other machines making up the processing line.
  • an appropriate thickness of the self-lubricated layer 30 depends on the type of machine, the weight of the rotor, the number of pads and the number of bearings, etc.
  • the method includes a step 400 of spraying with a gas at least a layer of liquid metal on the substrate; a step 402 of adding a compound to the liquid metal while being sprayed on the substrate; a step 404 of forming a porous layer on the substrate that includes the metal and the compound, where the porous layer has plural pores; a step 406 of heating the porous layer to open the pores; a step 408 of flooding the open pores with a greasing substance such that part of the greasing substance is stored in one or more pores; and a step 410 of cooling the porous layer to close the pores and trap the greasing substance inside the pores.
  • the gas used to deposit the liquid metal may be an inert gas.
  • a N 2 gas may be used as N 2 is cheaper.
  • the N 2 gas may provide more plasticity to the porous layer, which is desirable.
  • the N 2 gas is better than the Argon or compressed air as this gas avoids oxidation of alloying elements in the liquid metal and also does not alter the composition of the deposited layer.
  • the method includes a step 500 of rotating a rotor relative to a stator of the turbo-machinery; a step 502 of supporting the rotor with a bearing that includes at least a porous layer, the at least a porous layer including a metal and a compound that form plural pores and a greasing substance stored in the pores; and a step 504 of providing a lubricant to the bearing while the rotor rotates such that an operation temperature of the bearing is substantially constant.
  • the disclosed exemplary embodiments provide a system and a method for providing a greasing material when a dedicated supply of the greasing material fails. It should be understood that this description is not intended to limit the invention. On the contrary, the exemplary embodiments are intended to cover alternatives, modifications and equivalents, which are included in the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Further, in the detailed description of the exemplary embodiments, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a comprehensive understanding of the claimed invention. However, one skilled in the art would understand that various embodiments may be practiced without such specific details.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)

Abstract

Cette invention concerne un revêtement et un procédé de dépôt d'un revêtement autolubrifiant sur un substrat. Le procédé comprend les étapes consistant à : pulvériser au moins une couche de métal liquide sur le substrat avec un gaz inerte; ajouter un composé au métal liquide pendant qu'il est pulvérisé sur le substrat; former une couche poreuse sur le substrat qui comprend le métal et le composé, ladite couche poreuse comprenant plusieurs pores; chauffer la couche poreuse pour ouvrir les pores; inonder les pores ouverts d'une substance de graissage de telle façon que la substance de graissage soit stockée dans un ou plusieurs pores; et refroidir la couche poreuse pour fermer les pores et piéger la substance de graissage à l'intérieur des pores.
EP11713239A 2010-04-06 2011-04-01 Revêtement autolubrifiant et procédé associé Withdrawn EP2556179A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITCO2010A000014A IT1399157B1 (it) 2010-04-06 2010-04-06 Rivestimento autolubrificante e metodo
PCT/EP2011/055123 WO2011124534A1 (fr) 2010-04-06 2011-04-01 Revêtement autolubrifiant et procédé associé

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2556179A1 true EP2556179A1 (fr) 2013-02-13

Family

ID=42751969

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11713239A Withdrawn EP2556179A1 (fr) 2010-04-06 2011-04-01 Revêtement autolubrifiant et procédé associé

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US20130202405A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2556179A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5820463B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR20130040790A (fr)
CN (1) CN102812147B (fr)
AU (1) AU2011237981A1 (fr)
BR (1) BR112012025269A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2794792A1 (fr)
IT (1) IT1399157B1 (fr)
MX (1) MX2012011628A (fr)
RU (1) RU2012142135A (fr)
WO (1) WO2011124534A1 (fr)

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JP2017008734A (ja) * 2015-06-17 2017-01-12 株式会社デンソー 燃料ポンプ
CN106048505B (zh) * 2016-07-26 2018-08-24 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 一种改善热喷涂Al2O3陶瓷涂层摩擦磨损性能的方法
CN106086766B (zh) * 2016-07-26 2019-01-04 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 一种高抗磨低摩擦系数热喷涂陶瓷涂层的制备方法
CN106399904A (zh) * 2016-11-10 2017-02-15 无锡市明盛强力风机有限公司 一种固体润滑的滚珠轴承及其制备方法
CN106567031A (zh) * 2016-11-10 2017-04-19 无锡市明盛强力风机有限公司 一种固体润滑的滚珠轴承及其制备方法
JP6911996B2 (ja) * 2018-03-12 2021-08-04 日産自動車株式会社 軸受部材
CN114621802B (zh) * 2022-01-26 2023-03-24 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 一种镓基液态金属高温润滑剂及其制备方法
CN117612795B (zh) * 2024-01-22 2024-04-16 华东交通大学 液态金属图案化方法、图案化液态金属材料和电路

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR20130040790A (ko) 2013-04-24
RU2012142135A (ru) 2014-05-27
ITCO20100014A1 (it) 2011-10-07
IT1399157B1 (it) 2013-04-11
MX2012011628A (es) 2012-11-30
WO2011124534A1 (fr) 2011-10-13
CN102812147B (zh) 2015-06-17
JP2013530303A (ja) 2013-07-25
JP5820463B2 (ja) 2015-11-24
CN102812147A (zh) 2012-12-05
AU2011237981A1 (en) 2012-10-18
US20130202405A1 (en) 2013-08-08
BR112012025269A2 (pt) 2016-06-21
CA2794792A1 (fr) 2011-10-13

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