EP2549025A1 - Building construction module - Google Patents

Abstract

The module (10) has notches (11, 21, 31, 41) placed in lateral uprights (13, 23, 33, 43) to allow passage of pipes and distributed on the uprights on both sides of a horizontal symmetry axis (S). Two central notches, surrounding the axis of symmetry, are practiced, so that spacing (E) of the central notches corresponds to a standard spacing of forks of a fork lift truck. Intermediate uprights include notches aligned with the notches of the side uprights. The notches are partially closed again after the passage of the pipes.

Description

The present invention relates to the field of modular building construction.

The invention relates more particularly to a building construction module.

In the current economic and environmental context, modular construction presents an economically attractive alternative to traditional construction. Much progress has been made in recent years in the field of modular construction, and manufacturers offer modules for the construction of individual houses with very high energy performance. This is why more and more houses are built from modules, usually wood frame, manufactured in the factory, then transported to the site where they are assembled to each other.

By construction module is meant a carrier assembly comprising firstly a structure, made from lateral uprights interconnected by cross members and, secondly, a working veil, forming bracing, which ensures the stability of the wall , resistance to static and dynamic forces, and participates in air and water tightness. The working veil is usually a wood-based panel, such as LVL (Laminated Veneer Lumber) or plywood or OSB (Oriented Strand Board). The module may further comprise intermediate amounts arranged at regular intervals between two lateral uprights. A thermal insulation is inserted between the panels that cover the interior and exterior facing, in other words in the thickness of the uprights. This technique allows to leave a layer of air between the facings and the frame thus limiting the thermal bridges. A house of this type, built from wood load-bearing modules, breathes and therefore naturally regulates the ambient humidity.

Another remarkable advantage of the construction from prefabricated modules is to offer standard modules to simplify the construction steps therefore reduce the construction time of buildings and therefore the costs. However, the realization of a construction from such modules is still too long. Indeed, after the introduction and assembly of the modules in particular, non-standard construction elements are used to make reservations or long and tedious holes to be able to pass conduits for conveying water, gas, electricity or telephony for example. When making these reservations or holes for the passage of pipes, it is very common that the insulation and / or the vapor barrier is seriously damaged so that it / it can then no longer effectively perform its original function .

To overcome this drawback, the document US2009 / 282759 discloses a construction module in the amounts of which are formed T-shaped notches to allow the passage of pipes. More particularly, these notches are aligned from one upright to another to allow the insertion of rigid pipes. However, this document does not solve all the problems related to modular construction, such as assembling or handling modules for example.

Indeed, the assembly of the modules together is also a rather delicate phase to implement. In general they are assembled by screwing and / or bonding, but this phase requires a lot of manpower, to both stabilize the modules in position and fix them. Finally, upon delivery, the modules are stacked on pallets to be deposited on site by means of a forklift for example, and it is not uncommon for a module to fall off the stack and get damaged.

The invention aims to reduce the time and facilitate the construction work of a building by means of prefabricated building modules.

The object of the invention is to remedy at least one of the drawbacks of the prior art and aims, in particular, on the one hand, to facilitate the introduction of the pipes, avoiding the tedious drilling steps, thereby saving time and a reduction in costs, and on the other hand, to facilitate the handling of the modules during their delivery on site, avoiding the use of transport pallets to reduce any risk of falling.

To this end, the subject of the invention is a building construction module comprising lateral uprights and notches provided in said lateral uprights to allow passage of pipes, mainly characterized in that that said notches are distributed on said lateral uprights on either side of a horizontal axis of symmetry, and in that two central notches, flanking said axis of symmetry, are made so that their spacing corresponds to a standard gauge of two forklift forks.

Thus, the notches allow a quick and easy installation of the pipes in the building module. These notches have an additional advantage, because they also allow easier handling during delivery of the modules on site. Indeed, the notches are adapted to the forks of a forklift so that the weight of the modules is evenly distributed on the forklift, so that any risk of falling is discarded. Intermediate crosspieces are furthermore positioned at the axis of the notches provided for the forks, which makes it possible to slide the forks to an intermediate post without the risk of tearing the latter.

Finally, these notches also ensure a man easy grip and safely, without any risk of crushing finger during handling modules and their movement on the ground.

• le module comprend en outre un ou plusieurs montant(s) intermédiaire(s) comprenant des encoches alignées avec les encoches des montants latéraux,
• les encoches présentent un fond plat et des dimensions adaptées pour une manutention manuelle sans risque d'écrasement,
• les encoches sont partiellement refermées après le passage des conduites,
• le module comprend en outre des traverses dont la profondeur correspond à la profondeur du module diminuée de la profondeur des encoches afin de permettre un passage vertical des conduites,
• le module comprend en outre des entretoises supérieure et inférieure aux extrémités desquelles sont pratiqués des orifices, lesdits orifices étant destinés à recevoir un système d'accrochage,
• le système d'accrochage comprend un étrier muni de parois verticales qui s'insèrent dans lesdits orifices desdites entretoises, lesdites parois verticales comprenant en outre un orifice prévu pour y insérer un dispositif de fixation,
• le système d'accrochage comprend en outre une paroi horizontale pourvue d'un orifice destiné à recevoir un goujon d'ancrage au sol,
• le système d'accrochage est un étrier en forme de U,
• le système d'accrochage est prévu pour assembler des modules sur plusieurs niveaux, et se présente sous la forme d'un H.

According to other optional features of the module:

• the module further comprises one or more intermediate amount (s) comprising notches aligned with the notches of the lateral uprights,
• the notches have a flat bottom and suitable dimensions for manual handling without risk of crushing,
• the notches are partially closed after the passage of the pipes,
• the module further comprises sleepers whose depth corresponds to the depth of the module less the depth of the notches to allow a vertical passage of the pipes,
• the module further comprises upper and lower spacers at the ends of which are formed openings, said orifices being intended to receive a fastening system,
• the attachment system comprises a stirrup provided with vertical walls which fit into said holes of said spacers, said vertical walls further comprising an orifice provided for inserting a fixing device therein,
• the attachment system further comprises a horizontal wall provided with an orifice for receiving a ground anchor pin,
• the attachment system is a U-shaped stirrup,
• the attachment system is intended to assemble modules on several levels, and is in the form of an H.

• La figure 1, un schéma en perspective de plusieurs modules selon l'invention empilés pour être livrés sur un chantier,
• La figure 2, un schéma d'un module de construction selon l'invention,
• Les figures 3A et 3B, un schéma d'un détail d'une encoche respectivement avant et après sa fermeture partielle,
• La figure 4, un schéma de deux modules selon l'invention assemblés au moyen d'un système d'accrochage,
• Les figues 5A à 5D respectivement des vues en perspective, en plan, de côté et de face d'un système d'accrochage de modules.

Other features and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the following description given by way of illustrative and nonlimiting example, with reference to the appended figures which represent:

• The figure 1 , a perspective diagram of several modules according to the invention stacked to be delivered to a construction site,
• The figure 2 , a diagram of a building module according to the invention,
• The Figures 3A and 3B a diagram of a detail of a notch respectively before and after its partial closure,
• The figure 4 , a diagram of two modules according to the invention assembled by means of an attachment system,
• FIGS. 5A to 5D respectively are perspective, plan, side and front views of a module attachment system.

The building module according to the invention can be made of a material derived from wood, such as plywood, OSB, LVL or equivalent, or solid wood or composite materials.

The modules have standard dimensions of 2500 mm in height and 200 mm in depth. However, the height of the modules may vary depending on the desired height of the part under construction. Similarly, the depth of the modules may vary depending in particular on the desired mechanical strength as well as the desired thermal and / or sound insulation.

The figure 1 represents a perspective diagram of four modules 10, 20, 30, 40 coated and stacked, ready to be delivered on site. Each of these modules 10, 20, 30, 40 advantageously comprises notches 11, 21, 31, 41 formed along the lateral uprights 13, 23, 33, 43. These notches allow the passage and the installation of pipes in the module quickly and without any fixation. All ducts, pipes, and cables used to convey water, gas, electricity, telephony, etc.

The lateral uprights have a longitudinal axis corresponding to the height of the module, when it is in place.

The notches 11, 21, 31, 41 are advantageously distributed along the lateral uprights 13, 23, 33, 43, on each side of an axis of symmetry S, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the lateral uprights. More particularly, the longitudinal axis of the lateral uprights representing the height of the module, when it is installed, the axis of symmetry S around which the notches are made is therefore horizontal. This horizontal axis of symmetry S makes it possible to optimize the distribution of the loads during the transport of the modules with forklifts. In addition, the two central notches are formed on either side of this axis of symmetry S, so that they have a gap E corresponding to the standard spacing of two forklift forks. It should be noted that this spacing of the forks can be adjusted on certain forklifts. Thus, the central notches are also used to allow the establishment of the forks of a carriage, so as to facilitate the transport of modules without the use of pallets transport.

Optionally, the notches may further have a flat bottom 11c as illustrated in FIG. figure 1 . Thus, the notches have a shape adapted to the shape of the forks of the forklift. Such a flat bottom also allows a better distribution of the weight of the modules on the forks of the forklift during the handling of the modules.

The notches can also have a calculated width and depth to allow the easy passage of a worker's hand, to allow him to lift one or more modules with excellent grip and the rest without any risk of crushing. fingers or hand. It is thus expected, notches to flat bottom and dimensions suitable for manual handling. So far, during such handling, we needed a third person to move the modules and put shims to rest.

The notches can be in different forms. On the Figures 1 to 4 they have a trapezoidal shape. They may also have rounded edges. Advantageously, each notch 11 has a narrowed opening, so that when the pipes are deposited in the module, the latter do not tend to fall outwardly but remain well in their respective locations.

Advantageously, the notches can be partially closed after the passage of the pipes. This partial closure is illustrated on the Figures 3A and 3B . For this, a simple wedge can be inserted into force in the opening of the notch for example.

In another embodiment, as illustrated in the figures 1 , 2 , 3A and 3B each notch comprises in fact 2 nested notches 11a, 11b. In this case, a first notch 11a is made to allow the passage of the pipes. The second notch 11b is then cut in the first notch. This double notch 11a, 11b can be made in a single cutting step, in the factory. The two notches 11a and 11b may be of different sizes. The minimum size of the first notch 11a is such that it allows the passage of pipes and forks of a forklift. The drop of the cut of the notch can be used to be cut to the size of the second notch 11b. Thus, this piece referenced 21 on figures 2 , 3A and 3B , once placed in the second notch 11b, allows to partially close the double notch and maintain the pipes in their housing 11a. This part 21 also makes it possible to mechanically reinforce the vertical upright 13 in the final destination of the module 10 as a load-bearing wall. This piece 21 can be just fitted into its housing. It can also optionally be glued at the end of the assembly. Once the notch partially closed, the housing thus defined to allow the passage and the crossing of the pipes, as illustrated on the figure 3B , has a depth substantially of the order of 50mm.

The modules are designed in a standard way and do not require any modification or transformation on the construction site, so that no cutting and therefore no drop is made during assembly on the site. Similarly, the notches being made in the factory, no cutting causing falls is performed for the passage of ducts. Thus, no cutting being performed on the site, the recycling of materials can be done directly in the factory.

The standard structure of the modules includes side jambs spaced 600 mm apart. Standard modules typically have a width of 600, 900, 1200 or 1500mm. Consequently, the modules whose width exceeds 600mm include, in addition to their lateral uprights, intermediate amounts so as to have a rigid support every 600mm. This rigid support also allows the fixing of external coatings, wood cladding type, or pvc or resin etc ... Such a module 10, comprising an intermediate amount 14 is shown on the figure 2 .

The intermediate amount 14 also includes notches 11 for the passage of pipes. These notches are advantageously aligned with the notches of the lateral uprights 13. They also allow the passage of the forks of a forklift for stable transport of the module.

The module schematized on the figure 2 is very symmetrical. Thus, when the vertical and horizontal axes of symmetry are respected during manufacture, the modules can advantageously be mounted in a reversible manner to the laying, that is to say that the top and bottom can be reversed.

The module 10 further comprises crosspieces 15. These crosspieces 15 do not have a depth identical to that of the module, but they have a slight shrinkage. These sleepers 15 are focused on the notches 11 provided for the passage of the forks. This location of the sleepers reinforces the mechanical strength of the module on the passage of the forks of a lifting machine. The depth of the sleepers is less than that of the lateral uprights 13 and intermediate 14, a value identical to the depth of the notches 11. In this way, the sleepers also allow a vertical passage of the pipes and the support of the forks during travel modules. The module also comprises upper 18 and lower 19 spacers of a depth identical to that of the lateral and intermediate uprights.

The high and low end notches are advantageously placed in the axis of the door lintels, window and other opening. In the illustrated example, with 2500 mm high modules, the height of the lintels being about 350 mm, the axis of the notches is therefore 175mm from the high and low edges of the standard modules.

Orifices 17, 17a are further provided on the side posts 13. These holes are provided for the passage of fixing bolts. Thus, the lateral uprights advantageously comprise, along their length, six orifices 17, arranged symmetrically and two by two. These six holes allow the passage of bolts for fixing the modules to each other. Two other orifices, referenced 17a, are arranged at both ends of each lateral upright 13. These two orifices 17a are provided to allow the passage of a bolt of a fastening system.

The figure 4 illustrates the assembly of two building modules. In the example, the assembly is made between on the one hand a standard module 10, comprising lateral uprights 13, an intermediate upright 14, and a bracing panel 16 and, on the other hand, a module 60, comprising an opening 66 for window. In this assembly, the module 60 is fixed to the standard module 10 by means of fastening systems 70 and by bolting 17. The opening module 60 also comprises crosspieces 65, upper and lower spacers 68 68 and an intermediate amount 64 It further comprises a post 67 on either side of the opening. These posts 67 and allow reliable attachment of fasteners to retain the shutters. The notches 61 are then only on the vertical uprights flanking the posts 67 and the intermediate amount 64.

The standard module 10 generally has a height of 2500 mm, a depth of 200 mm and a width of 1200 mm. The standard module 60, dedicated to receiving a window, meanwhile, generally has a height of 2500 mm, a depth of 200 mm and a width of 1500 mm, the opening 66 for receiving the window having a height of 1350 mm. mm and a width of 1200 mm.

In order to be able to insert a fastening system 70, the ends of the upper struts 18, 68 are provided with referenced orifices 12, 22, 32, 42, as illustrated in FIGS. figures 1 and 2 .

The attachment system 70 is a stirrup which is advantageously in the form of a U. It can be metallic or composite material for example. It is represented in more detail on the Figures 5A to 5D . The vertical walls 72 of the U penetrate the orifices 12 formed in the upper spacers 18, 68 of the modules 10, 60 to be assembled so that the U encompasses the lateral uprights 13, 63 of the modules to be assembled. An orifice 75, made in each vertical wall 72 of the U 70, makes it possible to insert a fixing device, for example a bolt 74, which passes right through the yoke 70 and the orifices 17a made in the lateral uprights 13. , 63 modules to assemble. When a nut is screwed onto the bolt 74, the bolt / nut system makes it possible to tighten the walls of the U on the lateral uprights 13, 63 of the modules 10, 60 in the manner of a jaw. To receive the bolt 74, holes 17a are preformed on a vertical axis of each lateral upright. Thus, for a 200mm deep module, the axis of drilling on the lateral upright is 100mm deep. Preferably, the U is secured by means of a bolt / nut system to be able to clamp to a desired force. In addition, this clamping system avoids a risk of deformation of the modules at the time of tightening. However, other clamping means may be provided, such as a rod provided with a clip, or a U with claws and returned in force in its housing.

Other openings are also provided at the end of the lower struts 19, 69 of the modules 10 and 60 to be assembled, to fix the modules together with the same U-shaped stirrup as described above and to allow, moreover , an anchoring on the ground of the modules. Such anchoring on the ground ensures better maintenance of the module during installation. For this, the horizontal wall 71 of the stirrup 70 in U comprises another orifice 76 intended to receive an anchor pin 73. This anchor pin 73 is intended to be fixed in the ground and in the lateral upright 13, 63 of one of the modules 10 and 60 to assemble.

For minimum risk-taking, one generally starts by putting and assembling two modules forming an angle. It is imperative that the previous module (s) be anchored to the ground in order to fix the following modules. Once the module is in place, a hole is made in the ground to a desired depth to fix the U-shaped stirrup. The orifice 76, provided in the horizontal wall 71 of the stirrup 70 U-shaped, to insert an anchor pin 73, is preferably offset relative to the center of the wall 71, so that during attachment, the anchor pin 73 is fixed in the thickness of the lateral upright the second module to be assembled to a first module already attached to the ground. Thus, for uprights 30 mm thick, there is an opening of the U of 60 mm with an orifice 76 provided at 15 mm of one of the vertical walls 72, so that the anchor pin 73 is fixed in the thickness of the lateral amount 13, 63 to be anchored.

In an alternative embodiment, the U may be previously fixed to the ground, and in this case, the modules are fitted on it by penetration of the vertical walls 72 of the U in the orifices 12 provided on the lower struts, and by penetration of the dowel. anchoring 73 in the hole provided for this purpose in the thickness of the lateral amount of the module to be anchored. This variant requires a good calculation of the location of the U-bracket and not to move during drilling. The modules, once anchored to the ground, are assembled to each other by means of a bolt / nut device for example.

Anchoring the modules to the ground by fixing the anchor pin 73 in the thickness of the lateral uprights allows a better resistance to tearing. It is further possible, if desired, to complete this anchorage by additional fasteners directly into the lower struts.

In the case of a multi-level construction, the attachment system, intended to penetrate the holes of the upper spacers and to be fixed on the lateral uprights of the modules, is no longer in the form of a U but under In this case, the size of the H also takes into account the thickness of the beam positioned between the modules of the lower and upper stages. In addition, holes are also made in this rail, facing the orifices 12 made in the upper and lower spacers of the modules to be assembled, to allow insertion of the vertical walls of the H. The fixing of an H is then ensured by two bolt / nut devices for example, arranged on either side of the horizontal bar of the H, the bolt passing right through the lateral uprights of the modules to be assembled so as to secure the lower and upper modules 4 to 4 In addition, the H can be replaced by one or two plates, platinum for example or any other equivalent material, so as to connect an upper module and a lower module.

The parts constituting the modules are manufactured and assembled in the factory to form standard modules. The modules 10 for forming the walls (walls) of the buildings and the modules 60 for receiving the windows as described above can thus be marketed ready for construction. The construction of a building from such modules is fast because it is facilitated by the presence of the passages that form the notches for pipes. The assembly of the modules together and their handling is simple and fast.

Claims (10)

Building module (10, 20, 30, 40, 60) comprising side posts (13, 23, 33, 43, 63) and notches (11, 21, 31, 41, 61) in said posts side (13, 23, 33, 43, 63) to permit a passage of pipes, characterized in that said notches are located on said lateral uprights on either side of a horizontal axis of symmetry (S), and that two central notches, flanking said axis of symmetry (S), are made so that their spacing (E) corresponds to a standard spacing of two forklift forks. Construction module according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises one or more intermediate amounts (14, 64) comprising notches (11, 61) aligned with the notches (11, 61). lateral amounts (13, 63). Building module according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the notches have a flat bottom (11 c). Building module according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the notches are partially closed after the passage of the pipes. Building module according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises crosspieces (15, 65) whose depth corresponds to the depth of the module minus the depth of the notches (11, 21, 31, 41 , 61) to allow a vertical passage of the pipes. Construction module according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises upper (18, 68) and lower (19, 69) spacers at the ends of which holes (12) are made, said orifices (12) ) being intended to receive an attachment system (70). Module according to claim 6, characterized in that the attachment system (70) comprises a stirrup provided with vertical walls (72) which fit into said orifices (12) of said spacers, said vertical walls (72) further comprising at least one orifice (75) provided for inserting a fixing device (74). Building module according to one of claims 6 to 7, characterized in that said attachment system further comprises a horizontal wall (71) provided with an orifice (76) for receiving an anchor pin (73) on the ground. Building module according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the attachment system (70) is a U-shaped stirrup. Building module according to one of claims 6 to 7, characterized in that the fastening system (70) is provided for assembling modules on several levels, and is in the form of an H.

Images