ES2554620T3 - Building Construction Module - Google Patents

Abstract

Construction module (10, 20, 30, 40, 60) that forms a building load assembly comprising lateral uprights (13, 23, 33, 43, 63), joined together by means of crossbars, characterized in that it comprises recesses (11, 21, 31, 41, 61) arranged in said lateral uprights (13, 23, 33, 43, 63) and distributed over said lateral uprights on one side and another of a horizontal symmetry axis (S), because two central recesses are made, which frame said axis of symmetry (S), so that its separation (E) allows the passage of two forklift forks, and why some crossbars (15, 65) are placed in the axis of said central recesses and having a depth corresponding to the depth of the module decreased by the depth of said recesses (11, 21, 31, 41, 61).

Description

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DESCRIPTION

Building construction module

The present invention relates to the field of modular building construction.

The invention relates more particularly to a building construction module.

In the current economic and environmental context, modular construction presents an economically interesting alternative to traditional construction. Many progress has been made in recent years in the field of modular construction, and builders propose modules for the construction of individual houses of very high energy efficiency. This is why more and more houses are built in this way from modules, usually in wooden frames, manufactured in a workshop, subsequently transported to the site where they are mounted with each other.

By construction module, a load assembly is understood to comprise, on the one hand, a structure, made from lateral uprights joined together by crossbars and, on the other hand, a resistant panel, which forms a bracing, which ensures the stability of the wall, resistance to static and dynamic stresses, and participates in air and water tightness. The resistant panel is generally a wood-derived panel, of the LVL (English acronym for "Laminated Veneer Lumber") or plywood or ODB (English acronym for "Oriented Strand Board"). The module can also comprise intermediate uprights arranged at regular intervals between two side uprights. A thermal insulator is inserted between the panels that cover the interior and exterior walls, in other words, in the thickness of the uprights. This technique allows an air sheet to be left between the walls and the frame, thereby limiting the thermal bridges. A house of this type, built from modules of wooden structure, breathes and therefore naturally regulates the hygrometne environment.

Another remarkable advantage of the construction from prefabricated modules is to offer standard modules that allow simplifying the construction stages, consequently reducing the construction times of the buildings and therefore the costs. However, the realization of a construction from such modules is still too long. In fact, after the installation and assembly of the modules mainly, non-standard construction elements have to be used to make reservations or long and annoying perforations to be able to pass in them some conduits destined to conduct the water, the gas, electricity or telephone for example. During the realization of these reserves or perforations for the passage of the ducts, it is very frequent that the insulation and / or the waterproofing are seriously damaged so that they cannot effectively fulfill their original function.

To overcome this problem, document US 2009/282759 describes the realization of movable and relocatable interior walls to allow a redistribution of the pieces in an accommodation or in an office building. This document describes that T-shaped recesses are practiced in the wall studs to allow the passage of the ducts. However, this document does not solve all the problems related to modular construction, such as the assembly or handling of modules that form load assemblies for example.

In fact, the assembly of the modules between them continues to be a rather delicate phase to carry out. In general, they are mounted by screwing and / or gluing, but this phase requires a lot of labor, to at the same time stabilize the modules in their position and fix them. Finally, during delivery, the modules are stacked on pallets to be deposited on the site by means of an elevator car for example, and it is not uncommon for a module to fall from the stack and be damaged.

The invention aims to reduce deadlines and facilitate the construction of a building through prefabricated building modules.

The invention aims to remedy at least one of the drawbacks of the prior art and is primarily aimed at facilitating the handling of modules, which form load assemblies, during their delivery on site, avoiding the use of transport pallets to reduce any risk of coffee, to facilitate the assembly work, avoiding the risks of crushing the hands, and to reduce construction times.

To this end, the aim of the invention is a construction module that forms a building load assembly comprising lateral uprights joined together by means of crossbars, characterized mainly by the fact that recesses are arranged in said lateral uprights and distributed over said uprights. sides of one side and another of a horizontal symmetry axis, because two central recesses are made, which frame said symmetry axis, so that its separation allows a passage of two forklift carriages, and why some crossbars are located in the axis of said central recesses and have a depth corresponding to the depth of the module diminished by the depth of said recesses.

Thus, the recesses allow easier handling during the delivery of the modules on site. Indeed, the recesses are adapted to the forks of a lift car so that the

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Module weights are distributed evenly over the lift car, therefore any risk of fall is ruled out. The intermediate crossings are also positioned on the axis of the recesses provided for the forks, which allows the forks to slide to an intermediate stile without the risk of dragging the latter. These recesses have a supplementary advantage, because they also allow a quick and simple placement of the ducts in the construction module.

Finally, these recesses also ensure an operator an easy and safe grip, without any risk of crushing the fingers during the manipulation of the modules and their movement to the ground.

According to other optional features of the module:

• the module also includes one or several intermediate uprights comprising recesses aligned with the recesses of the side uprights,

• the recesses have a flat bottom and dimensions adapted for manual handling without risk of crushing,

• the recesses also allow passage of the ducts and are suitable for partially closing again after the passage of the ducts,

• The module also comprises upper and lower braces at the ends of which holes are made, said holes being intended to receive a hitch system.

Other peculiarities and advantages of the invention will arise with the reading of the description given below by way of illustrative and non-limiting example, with reference to the attached figures that represent:

• Figure 1, a perspective scheme of several modules according to the invention stacked to be sent to a work,

• Figure 2, a diagram of the construction module according to the invention,

• Figures 3A and 3B, a scheme of a detail of a recess respectively before and after its partial closure,

• Figure 4, a scheme of two modules according to the invention assembled by means of a hitch system,

• Figures 5A to 5D respectively, perspective, plan, side and front views of a module coupling system.

The construction module according to the invention can be made in wood-derived material, such as plywood, OSB, LVL or equivalent, or in solid wood or even in composite materials.

The modules have standard dimensions of 2500 mm high and 200 mm deep. However, the height of the modules may vary depending on the desired height of the piece under construction. Likewise, the depth of the modules can vary depending mainly on the desired mechanical strength as well as the desired thermal and / or acoustic insulation.

Figure 1 represents a perspective scheme of four modules 10, 20, 30, 40 lying and stacked, ready to be sent to the work. Each of these modules 10, 20, 30, 40 advantageously comprises recesses 11,21, 31, 41 practiced along the lateral uprights 13, 23, 33, 43. These recesses thereby allow passage and placement of the ducts in the module quickly and without any fixation. Ducts are understood as all covers, tubenas, and cables that allow water, gas, electricity, telephone, etc. to be conducted.

The lateral uprights have a longitudinal axis that corresponds to the height of the module, when placed in its place.

The recesses 11, 21, 31, 41 are advantageously distributed along the lateral uprights 13, 23, 33, 43, on each side of a simetna axis S, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the lateral uprights. More particularly, the longitudinal axis of the lateral uprights represents the height of the module, when it is installed, the axis of symmetry S around which the recesses are made is therefore horizontal. This axis of horizontal Simetna S allows to optimize the distribution of the loads during the transport of the modules with lifting cars. In addition, the two central recesses are arranged on one side and another of this axis of symmetry S, so that they have a separation E corresponding to the standard separation of two forklift carriages. It should be noted that this separation of the forks can be adjusted in certain forklifts. In this way, the central recesses also serve to allow the placement of the forks of a car, so that the transport of the modules is facilitated without having to resort to transport pallets.

Optionally, the recesses may also have a flat bottom 11c as illustrated in Figure 1. Thus, the recesses have a shape adapted to the shape of the forklift of the lift carriage. A background

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such a plane also allows a better distribution of the weight of the modules on the forks of the lift car during the manipulation of the modules.

The recesses can also have a width and depth calculated to allow the easy passage of a worker's hand, to allow him to lift one or several modules with an excellent grip and rest (s) without any risk of crushing the fingers or hand . Thus, flat-bottom recesses and dimensions adapted for manual manipulation are provided. Until now, during these manipulations, there is a need for a third person to move the modules and put on some shims to deposit them.

The recesses can be presented in different forms. In Figures 1 to 4, they have a trapezoid shape. They may also have rounded edges. Advantageously, each recess 11 has a narrowed opening, so that when the ducts are deposited in the module, the latter do not tend to fall back outside but instead remain correctly in their respective locations.

Advantageously, the recesses can be partially closed again after the passage of the ducts. This partial closure is illustrated in Figures 3A and 3B. For this, a simple forced cradle can be inserted in the opening of the recess for example.

In another embodiment, as illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 3A and 3B, each recess in fact comprises 2 overlapped recesses 11a, 11b. In this case, a first recess 11a is practiced to allow the passage of the ducts. The second recess 11b is then cut in the first recess. This double recess 11a, 11b can be done in a single cutting stage, in the workshop. The two recesses 11a and 11b can be of different dimensions. The minimum size of the first recess 11a is such that it allows the passage of the ducts and the forks of the lift carriage. The detached part of the recess cut may serve to be re-cut to the size of the second recess 11b. In this way, this referenced piece 21 in Figures 2, 3A and 3B, once placed in the second recess 11b, allows the double recess to be partially closed and the ducts kept in their housing 11a. This piece 21 also allows the vertical upright 13 to be mechanically reinforced at the final destination of module 10 as a loading wall. This piece 21 can be just fitted into its housing. It can also be glued at the end of the assembly. Once the recess is partially closed, the housing thus defined to allow passage and crossing of the ducts, as illustrated in Figure 3B, has a depth substantially of the order of 50 mm.

The modules are conceived in a standard way and do not need any modification or transformation in the work, so during the assembly of the work there is no cut and therefore detachment. Likewise, when practicing the recesses in the workshop, they do not imply any cuts or detachment for the passage of the covers. Thus, as no cuts are made in the work, the recycling of materials can be done directly in the workshop.

The standard structure of the modules comprises 600 mm separate side uprights. Standard modules generally have a width of 600, 900, 1200 or 1500 mm. Consequently, the modules whose width exceeds 600 mm comprise, in addition to their lateral uprights, intermediate uprights so that they have a fixed support every 600 mm. This support also allows the fixation of the exterior cladding, of the type of wall in wood, or PVC, or resin, etc. Such a module 10, comprising an intermediate upright 14, is shown in Figure 2.

The intermediate amount 14 also includes recesses 11 for the passage of the ducts. These recesses are advantageously aligned with the recesses of the side uprights 13. It also allows the forks of a forklift to pass for a stable transport of the module.

The schematic module in Figure 2 is very symmetrical. In this way, since vertical and horizontal symmetry axes are respected in manufacturing, the modules can be advantageously mounted reversibly in the installation, that is to say that the high and low can be reversed.

The module 10 also includes a cross-member 15, these cross-members 15 do not have a depth identical to that of the module, but rather have a slight withdrawal. These crosspieces 15 line up on the recesses 11 provided for the passage of the forks. This location of the crossings reinforces the mechanical resistance of the module over the passage of the forks of a lifting device. The depth of the crossbars is less than that of the lateral uprights 13 and intermediate 14, at an identical value to the depth of the recesses 11. In this way, the crossbars also allow a vertical passage of the ducts and the support of the forks during the displacements of the modules. The module also comprises upper 18 and lower 19 braces of a depth identical to that of the lateral and intermediate uprights.

The recesses of the high and low end are advantageously placed on the axis of the lintels of doors, windows and other openings. In the illustrated example, with modules of 2500 mm in height, the height of the lintels forms around 350 mm, the axis of the recesses is therefore 175 mm from the high and low edges of the standard modules.

In addition, holes 17, 17a are provided on the lateral uprights 13. These holes are provided for the passage of the fixing bolts. Thus, the lateral uprights advantageously include, in their length, six holes 17, arranged symmetrically and two by two. These six holes allow the bolts to pass through

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fixing the modules with each other Two holes, referenced as 17a, are arranged at the two ends of each side post 13. These two holes 17a are provided to allow the passage of a bolt of the fixing system.

Figure 4 illustrates the assembly of two building modules. In the example, the assembly is carried out between a part of a standard module 10, which comprises lateral uprights 13, an intermediate upright 14, and a bracing panel 16 and on the other hand a module 60, which comprises an opening 66 for a window. In this assembly, module 60 is fixed to the standard module 10 thanks to hooking systems 70 and by bolting 17. The opening module 60 also includes crosspieces 65, upper struts 68 and lower 69 and an intermediate stud 64. It comprises also a post 67 on one side and another of the opening. These posts 67 thus allow reliable attachment of the fasteners to retain the shutters. The recesses 61 are then only on the vertical uprights that frame the posts 67 and on the intermediate post 64.

The standard module 10 generally has a height of 2500 mm, a depth of 200 mm and a width of 1200 mm. The standard module 60, dedicated to receiving a window, on the other hand, generally has a height of 2500 mm, a depth of 200 mm and a width of 1500 mm, with the opening 66 intended to receive the window a height of 1350 mm and a width of 1200 mm.

In order to insert a hitching system 70, the ends of the upper braces 18, 68 are provided with holes referenced as 12, 22, 32, 42, such as those illustrated in Figures 1 and 2.

The hooking system 70 is a stirrup that is advantageously presented in the form of a U. It can be metallic or of composite material for example. It is represented in more detail in Figures 5A to 5D. The vertical walls 72 of the U penetrate the holes 12 made in the upper struts 18, 68 of the modules 10, 60 to be assembled in such a way that the U encompasses the lateral uprights 13, 63 of the modules to be assembled. A hole 75, made in each vertical wall 72 of the U 70, allows a fixing device to be inserted into it, for example a bolt 74, which passes from one side to the other the stirrup 70 and the holes 17a made in the lateral uprights 13 , 63 of the modules to assemble. When a nut is screwed onto bolt 74, the bolt / nut system allows the walls of the U to be tightened on the lateral uprights 13, 63 of modules 10, 60 in the manner of a jaw. To receive bolt 74, holes 17a are previously made on a vertical axis of each side post. Thus, for a 200 mm deep module, the axis of the perforation on the side post is 100 mm deep. Preferably, the U is fixed by means of a bolt / nut system to be able to tighten with a desired force. In addition, this tightening system allows to avoid a risk of deformation of the modules at the time of tightening. However, other tightening means can be provided, such as a rod provided with a clip, or a U provided with claws and forced into its housing.

Other holes are also provided at the end of the lower tie rods 19, 69 of the modules 10 and 60 to be assembled, to fix the modules with each other with the same U-shaped stirrup as described above and which also allows an anchor to the floor of the modules. An anchor of this type to the ground ensures a better grip of the module during placement. For this, the horizontal wall 71 of the U-bracket 70 comprises another hole 76 intended to receive an anchor stud 73. This anchor stud 73 is intended to be fixed on the ground and on the side post 13, 63 of one of the modules 10 and 60 to assemble.

For a minimum risk placement, it is generally started by placing and assembling two modules that form an angle. It is imperative that the previous module (s) be anchored to the ground in order to fix the following modules. Once the module is in place, a hole is made in the ground at a desired depth to fix on the U-stirrup. The hole 76, provided on the horizontal wall 71 of the U-stirrup 70, for inserting into it a stud. of anchor 73, is preferably displaced relative to the center of the wall 71, such that during fixing, the anchor stud 73 is fixed in the thickness of the side post of the second module to be assembled in a first module already fixed to the ground . Thus, for 30 mm thick uprights, there is a 60 mm U opening with a hole 76 provided 15 mm from one of the vertical walls 72, so that the anchor stud 73 is fixed in the thickness of side post 13, 63 to anchor.

In a variant embodiment, the U can be fixed previously to the ground, and in that case, the modules are fitted from above by penetration of the vertical walls 72 of the U into the holes 12 provided on the lower braces, and by penetration of the stud. anchor 73 in the hole provided for this purpose in the thickness of the side post of the module to be anchored. This variant needs to calculate the placement of the U-stirrup well and not move during drilling. The modules, once anchored to the ground, are assembled together by means of a bolt / nut device for example.

The anchorage to the floor of the modules by fixing the anchor stud 73 in the thickness of the lateral uprights allows a better resistance to starting. It is also possible, if desired, to complete this anchor by means of the additional fixings directly on the lower braces.

In the case of a multi-level construction, the coupling system, intended to penetrate the holes of the upper braces and to be fixed on the side uprights of the modules, is no longer presented in the form of a

U but in the form of an H. In this case, the dimension of the H also takes into account the thickness of the platform located between the modules of the lower and upper floors. In addition, holes are also made in this platform, in alignment with the holes 12 made in the upper and lower braces of the modules to be assembled, in order to allow the insertion of the vertical walls of the H. The fixing of an H it is then secured by means of two bolt / nut devices, for example, arranged on one side and another of the horizontal bar of the H, the bolt going from side to side the side uprights of the modules to be assembled so that the lower and upper modules 4 to 4. The H can also be replaced by one or two plates, such as plates for example or any other equivalent material, so that they join an upper module and a lower module.

10 The parts that make up the modules are manufactured and assembled in the workshop to form standard modules. The modules 10 intended to form the walls (walls) of the buildings and the modules 60 intended to receive the windows as described above, can thus be marketed ready for construction. The construction of a building from these modules is quick because it is facilitated by the presence of the steps that form the recesses for the ducts. The assembly of the modules between sf and their manipulation are simple and quick.

Claims (3)

1. Construction module (10, 20, 30, 40, 60) that forms a building load assembly comprising lateral uprights (13, 23, 33, 43, 63), joined together by means of crossbars, characterized by comprising recesses (11, 21, 31, 41, 61) arranged in said lateral uprights (13, 23, 33, 43, 63) and 5 distributed over said lateral uprights on one side and another of a horizontal symmetry axis ( S), because two central recesses are made, which frame said axis of simetna (S), so that its separation (E) allows the passage of two forklift carriages, and why some crossbars are located (15, 65 ) on the axis of said central recesses and having a depth corresponding to the depth of the module decreased by the depth of said recesses (11,21, 31,41, 61). 10 2. Construction module according to claim 1, characterized in that it also comprises one or more intermediate uprights (14, 64) comprising recesses (11, 61) aligned with the recesses (11, 61) of the side uprights (13, 63). 3. Construction module according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the recesses have a flat bottom (11c). 15 4. Construction module according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the recesses they also allow a passage of ducts and are suitable to partially close again after the passage of the ducts. 5. Construction module according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it also comprises upper (18, 68) and lower (19, 69) braces at the ends where holes (12) are made, 20 said said ends being intended holes (12) to receive a hitch system (70).