WO2005121470A1

WO2005121470A1 - System for building floors consisting of unidirectional and bi-directional flat forgings

Info

Publication number: WO2005121470A1
Application number: PCT/ES2005/000323
Authority: WO
Inventors: Ramón MIMENZA LARRACOECHEA
Original assignee: Mimenza Larracoechea Ramon
Priority date: 2004-06-08
Filing date: 2005-06-07
Publication date: 2005-12-22
Also published as: ES2245244B1; BRPI0509686A; ES2245244A1; ZA200609005B; EP1767717A1

Abstract

The system makes it possible to build flat beams in situ for unidirectional and bi-directional forgings, comprising corrugated bar reinforcements (1) and electrowelded stirrups (2) that have a U-shaped opening on the top part. The composite flat beams use reinforcements consisting of basic reinforcements that might be formed by one or two corrugated bars (2), the basic reinforcement also comprising electrowelded stirrups (2) that are lodged inside the reinforcement and upper corrugated bars (3) that are placed on the outer side of the electrowelded stirrup (2). Also included are reinforcement elements (11) located inside the stirrups (2). The basic reinforcement occasionally includes electrowelded connector reinforcements (12) and/or prefabricated and electrowelded double latticework reinforcements (12') or another form of reinforcement with the purpose of enhancing the mechanical capability of the cutting effort.

Description

SYSTEM OF CONSTRUCTION OF FLOORS OF FORGED UNIDIRECTIONAL AND BIDIRECTIONAL DRAWINGS

D E S C R I P C I Ó N

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a construction system for unidirectional and bidirectional floor slabs, based on the "in situ" formation of composite, flat and hanging beams, with mixed and traditional reinforcements, in static collaboration with joists made "in situ. ", semi-resistant, pre-slabs, transverse ribs and other necessary assembling components, in such a way that with the common concreting of the beams, joists, transverse nerves and the effective head of the common compressive layer, the assembly is achieved obtained work as a set monolithically composed, being greatly increased its mechanical capacity.

The object of the invention is to achieve a system of construction of unidirectional and bidirectional flat slabs, with great decrease in the volume of the reinforcements, as well as of the concrete of the beams, being reduced the own weight of the resistant element, which allows to make lights of beams of beams of great length for the same load, but with sufficient security and solidity to the diagrams of bending moments, tangential stresses of shear and maximum foreseeable along the span, including the arrows of the deformed, complying with the requirements established in the regulations of the Instruction of the EHE-98.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The Instruction for the project and the execution of the EHE-98 and the EFHE

2002, is based on the fact that the concrete beams are assembled with corrugated bars attached, or dotted with welding, where the variable width and height of the beam itself corresponds to the edge of the slab, leaving the reinforcement embedded in the constituent plate of the flat beam.

The fact that the beams and joists of the floor have the same height as that of the floor slab, with a complex configuration of the structure itself, sometimes gives rise to lousy results of the structure (not so in those where beams are hung), being a great concern to establish the calculations among building technicians, designers, calculators, including technical control agencies, insurance companies and the regulation commission itself, there is no Instruction in this regard for its specific application

Likewise, it is noteworthy that the current flat beams of reinforced concrete usually have a width of large dimensions, depending on the structural diversity of lengths and load, being customary to reach widths of the order of 50, 60, 70 cm and, sometimes up to 1 meter or even more, producing eccentricities between the beam and the corresponding pillars, as well as between the ends of the beams of the joists with the pillars, through the beam, and other complex circumstances that will lead to deformations, especially if it is taken into account that the individual calculation is normally carried out, on one hand the beams and on the other hand the semi-resistant joists of the slab, reaching possible risks of local claims, in certain circumstances of complex structures.

However, in the Spanish invention patent P 9600363 a series of improvements are described in the construction systems of unidirectional flat floor slabs, based on the fact that the corresponding mixed flat composite beams are made "in situ" and comprise a main reinforcement in the one that intervenes an inverted "T" metal profile, connectors, a perched round corrugated reinforcement, complemented with a mass of concrete that is poured "in situ" on said reinforcement to achieve the mixed flat composite beam.

In this construction system it is provided that the connectors are arranged inclined and welded at their ends to the inverted "T" profile and a round constitutive of the hanger, supporting the ends of the mixed flat composite beam on the corresponding pillars, being embedded in hyperstatic degree, while the ends at the end of the semi-resistant joists, as well as the corresponding first vaults, are separated to determine a cavity that is filled with concrete, complemented with the appropriate reinforcement to constitute the soul of the beam itself mixed flat. In the system described in that Spanish invention patent P 9600363 the "T" metal profile is positioned in an inverted manner, as stated with beforehand, that is, with the vertically upward soul and the wings or horizontal section in the lower part, so that on the upper part of the corresponding soul or edge the connectors that will be of corrugated round are welded, with an inclination of 45 ° with the horizontal, connectors that in turn at the other end are welded to a corrugated round placed along the entire length of the beam, which constitutes what is called "hanger". In addition, in the event that this "T" metal profile is not capable of absorbing the entire positive felting moment, the provision of reinforcements consisting of one or more rounds, preferably corrugated, provided on the remaining wings themselves is provided. in horizontal arrangement of the "T" profile referred to, next to the soul, round that will be duly electro-welded to the wing and to the soul, its section and length being the one established in the calculation in each case, all in the case that the "T" profile and the concrete width of the core of the mixed flat composite beam "in situ" is not capable of absorbing the entire negative felting moment, in which case the concrete of the beam core concrete will be widened, constituting a solid concrete abacus whose width and length will be those established in the calculation in each case.

The constitution of the mixed flat composite beam "in situ" is carried out using the formwork necessary to receive the testa from the ends of the semi-resistant joists, removing the first vault on both sides of the slab to achieve the necessary solidification of said ends of the joists, being arranged the reinforcement of the mixed flat composite beam in the separation that remains between both joists of beams, so that carried out the corresponding assembly of the rest of the plate will proceed to concretize all this with the compressive layer, being thus constituted the main element of the beam composite flat mixed "in situ".

In an addition to said invention patent P 9600363, an addition corresponding to P 200000567, a series of improvements are described thereon, based on the fact that the basic reinforcement is constituted from a corrugated round or from a double profile " T ", or even of several corrugated rounds, according to the traditional armor or other type of profile, so that both the basic armor formed from the corrugated round and the basic armor formed from the double" T "profile, are armed by means of welded connectors in corrugated round, and if necessary between the double "T" profile and a hanger constituted by a corrugated round located in a superior horizontal plane, while the basic armor formed from several corrugated rounds is completed with stirrups , with or without connector assembly, complementing the basic reinforcement in any of the cases with one or more upper hangers and with corrugated round reinforcement infe riores.

In this case, that is, in the corresponding addition to P 200000567, the basic reinforcement constituted from several corrugated rounds, with the stirrups, reinforcement connectors and hangers, is capable of being complemented with a mixed reinforcement to withstand greater mechanical capacity to the shear and shear stresses, said complementary mixed reinforcement being formed from a lower corrugated round, or from a simple inverted "T" profile, or a double "T" profile.

DESCRD7TION OF THE INVENTION Based on the characteristics of the documents referred to in the previous section, the present application is based on the fact that to maintain the structure of flat composite beams "in situ" a standard basic reinforcement will be used and in its specific case it can be made from a round corrugated, and better with two, complementing with electro-welded stirrups open at the top in the form of "U", with two upper round placed on the outside of the stirrups, electro-welded. To this reinforcement or structure is added later, where appropriate, reinforcements (either in workshop or on site) longitudinal round bending moments of the opening placed in the lower part in their corresponding housings and shear reinforcement at the ends, getting more beams narrow than the current traditional flat beams, but with sufficient resistant capacity, safety and solidity, to support the loads.

To increase the mechanical capacity of the shear stress, from the standard model of the basic electro-welded reinforcement, certain areas, preferably those of the ends, are reinforced by directly introducing a combination of prefabricated mixed electro-welded reinforcement, on the configuration of a round in the lower part and another round in the upper part, the corresponding connectors inclined and fixed by welding the upper and lower round, being able to teirriir the connectors in its upper part in anchor hook, suppressing the hanger.

The increase in mechanical shear capacity can be achieve by directly introducing one or more standard prefabricated traditional reinforcements of the market, double (or single) electro-welded triangular lattice, in the area that is needed. The mixed combination between the basic reinforcement and connector reinforcement and / or lattice, provides greater mechanical capacity to shear, acting with maximum efficiency in the lower part of greater tension, the tension being descending upwards with zero tendency. On the other hand, the open U-shaped stirrups have a greater width in their upper part than in their lower part, of the order of the round 3 caliber of the stirrup, that is to say approximately 30 mm, to be able to stack vertically by introduction from one to another, thus facilitating the ability to store a large number of basic armor and to transport trucks to the maximum authorized load.

On the other hand, it is envisaged that the composite beam can be with "in situ" hanging, or with precast reinforced and prestressed concrete footing with the corresponding reinforcements as well as that obtained in the manner described above.

Among the advantages that can be cited in relation to the system of construction of floors of unidirectional and bidirectional floors referred to, it is worth highlighting the following:

- Removal of concrete that is normally used to obtain reinforced concrete beams, impacting on economic savings and faster execution.

- Suppression of the formwork normally used for the reinforced concrete beam itself, also having an economic saving and speed of execution.

- Disruption of the beam's own weight, with consequent economic savings.

- Security for personnel or operators, since during the execution of the work or assembly of the slab they can walk through the formwork that is used for the support of the semi-resistant joists, in order to distribute and place the vaults on said joists , and then place the reinforcements in the cavity between beams, allowing staff to work with greater comfort and safety, ultimately resulting in economic savings and faster execution of the work.

- Convenient and fast manufacturing of the standard basic reinforcement of the composite flat beam, made with automatic electro-welding machines, since this standard manufacturing armor can reach a length of 13'40 meters or more, stacked or vertically embedded on others, transportable at full authorized maximum load in trucks, trailer without special permits, and their placement on site, since this armor will cover several beams, making continuity at any point of the beam when placing the next armor, which results much more economical due to its speed of manufacture and placement on site with respect to obtaining the flat reinforced concrete beams currently used. - Easy installation on site of the standard basic reinforcements and the reinforcements of beams in openings and at the ends for shears, since they are placed directly at the bottom of the reinforcement.

- Possibility of using the standard prefabricated traditional armor of the market, of double (or single) electro-welded triangular lattice, whose series manufacturing is carried out in lengths of 12.80 meters.

- Possibility of obtaining very narrow beams, with a sufficient width of soul so that it can withstand the shear stresses and oblique compression. - Easy storage of a large number of beam reinforcements, as they can be stacked inside each other.

- Possibility of introducing vertically inside the open stirrups the corresponding corrugated round reinforcement, directly on site, when the basic reinforcements are already placed on the formwork of the beams, and in the workshop on the basic reinforcement of each beam individually , making it possible to store a large number of reinforced beam reinforcements and to transport trucks to the maximum authorized load.

- Possibility of using different types of connectors, which are possible to have a lower or horizontal extension of a foot through which the resistant welding is carried out, and can even be fixed by electro-fusion of resistance and pressure with automatic control , the connectors can even have a configuration as an anchor hook, in order to remove the upper hanger.

- Avoid the appearance of cracks or longitudinal cracks in the direction parallel to the joists, as a consequence of the common and flat compressive layer in the unidirectional slabs, it will present, at regular intervals, transverse ribs of concrete with round reinforcement, properly grooved, and whose nerves will be arranged between the vaults, acting as a resistant element of distribution between the joists as a result of the actions of the point loads on the slab plate, providing an increase in the resistant capacity for the transverse rigidity of the slab, in order to withstand the alternative tensile and compression stresses, both on the lower face as in the superior one, produced by the alternative Hectors of positive and negative moments, as well as by the torso efforts of the joists.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred example of practical implementation thereof, a set of drawings is attached as an integral part of said description. In an illustrative and non-limiting manner, the following has been represented:

Figure 1 shows a longitudinal side elevation view of the basic reinforcement from which a flat composite beam "in situ" is obtained, object of the invention. Figure 2.- Shows an elevation or cross-sectional view of two basic reinforcements from each of which a flat composite beam "in situ" is obtained. In one case the armor comprises a central lower round, while in the other case the armor comprises two lower rounds.

Figure 3.- Shows a representation according to a general perspective of the different components in mounting position to obtain a unidirectional flat floor based on the formation of flat composite beams "in situ". Figure 4.- Shows a view of the reinforcement in cross-section through the center of the properly assembled bay, where appropriate, with corresponding reinforcement reinforcements, made in accordance with the object of the invention.

Figure 5.- Shows a view of the reinforcement in cross-section of the bay at its duly armed ends, where appropriate, with their corresponding reinforcement reinforcements, with another shape made in accordance with the object of the present invention.

Figure 6.- Shows a view of the reinforcement in cross section of the opening at its ends, duly armed, where appropriate, with their corresponding reinforcement reinforcements, with another shape made in accordance with the object of the present invention.

Figure 7.- Shows a cross-sectional view through the central area of the flat composite beam "in situ" reinforced, where appropriate, with corresponding reinforcement reinforcements for positive bending moments, made in accordance for the purpose of the invention.

Figure 8 shows a cross-sectional view of the opening at its ends close to the abacus, where appropriate, of a flat composite beam "in situ" reinforced with a mixed electro-welded prefabricated reinforcement of inclined connectors, to increase the effort sharp, all of this carried out in accordance with the object of the invention.

Figure 9.- Shows a cross-sectional view of the opening at its ends near the abacus, where appropriate, of a flat composite beam "in situ" reinforced with a traditional standard prefabricated reinforcement market, electro-welded triangular double lattice , to increase the shear stress, all of this carried out in accordance with the object of the invention. Figure 10.- Shows a cross-sectional view of the extreme area of the bay (abacus, if applicable), on the support of the flat composite beam pillar "in situ", reinforced with a prefabricated mixed electro-welded reinforcement of inclined connectors, to increase the shear stress, performed in accordance with the object of the invention.

Figure 11.- It shows a cross-sectional view of the extreme area of the bay (abacus, if applicable), on the support of the composite beam beam "in situ", reinforced with one or several standard prefabricated traditional reinforcements of the market, with electro-welded triangular double lattice, to increase the shear stress, carried out in accordance with the object of the invention. Figure 12.- Shows a plan view of the detail corresponding to the reinforced concrete abacus on the support of the pillars, all of which forms part of the mixed flat composite beam "in situ", made in accordance with the object of the invention.

Figure 13.- Shows a cross-sectional view through the central area, of the composite beam with hanging "in situ", or with prefabricated reinforced and prestressed concrete footing, reinforced where appropriate with its corresponding reinforcement reinforcements for moments positive flectors, made in accordance with the object of the invention.

Figure 14.- Shows a plan view of the detail corresponding to the reinforced concrete abacus on the support of the pillars, according to the extreme configuration in the form of a fish tail, all starting from the composite beam with hanging "in situ" or with prefabricated reinforced and prestressed concrete footing, made in accordance with the object of the invention.

Figure 15.- Shows a longitudinal view in side elevation of the beam, individually assembled in the workshop, where appropriate, using the standard basic reinforcement, which is placed corrugated round reinforcements for positive bending moments of the opening, made according to for the purpose of the invention.

Figure 16.- Shows a longitudinal view in side elevation of each individually armed beam in the workshop, where appropriate, with their corresponding corrugated round reinforcements for bending moments of the opening, stacked vertically and put some beams inside each other, for its manufacture , storage and transport to work.

Figure 17.- Shows a longitudinal side elevation view of the armature of electro-welded connectors, where three types of inclined connectors are placed and placed in various ways, where appropriate, the armature being manufactured in series with the type of connector chosen , the left end corresponding to the part that is placed on the abutment of the abutment, while the right end is in the direction towards the center of the beam span, made in accordance with the object of the invention.

Figure 18.- Shows a longitudinal side elevation view of the armature of electro-welded connectors, where the upper hanger is seen, the armature being manufactured without said hanger and using the inclined connector terminated on its upper part in the form of an anchor hook , also seeing a distribution of the separation of the connectors, all carried out in accordance with the object of the invention.

Figure 19.- Shows a longitudinal view in side elevation of the beam, fully armed, where appropriate, having placed the reinforcements of shear reinforcements as an orientation, observing on the left end the type of inclined connectors and on the end Right the type of double (or simple) triangular lattice, while in the central opening the corrugated rounds are placed for reinforcements of positive bending moments, all carried out in accordance with the object of the invention.

Figure 20.- Shows an elevation view or cross section of the armature of electro-welded connectors, using the type of connector chosen, all carried out in accordance with the object of the invention.

Figure 21.- It shows a front elevation view of the standard standard basic reinforcements, and packaged for manufacturing, storage and transport, stacked vertically and tucked into each other.

Figure 22.- It shows a front elevation view of each individually armed beam in the workshop, where appropriate, with its corresponding corrugated round reinforcements for the bending moments of the opening, stacked vertically and put some beams in others, for its manufacture, storage and transport to work.

Figure 23.- Shows a longitudinal side elevation view of the traditional standard prefabricated basic basic reinforcement of the market, of double (or single) electro-welded triangular lattice, for optional use, in accordance with the object of the invention.

Figure 24.- Shows a longitudinal view in side elevation of each individual beam assembled in the workshop, where appropriate, using the standard basic reinforcement to which corrugated round reinforcements are placed for positive bending moments of the opening, made in accordance with the object of the invention.

Figure 25.- Shows a cross-sectional view through the central area of the flat composite beam "in situ", using the standard basic triangular lattice reinforcement, reinforced where appropriate with their corresponding reinforcement reinforcement for positive bending moments, all carried out in accordance with the object of the invention.

Figure 26.- Shows an elevation or cross-sectional view of the standard basic electro-welded triangular double lattice reinforcement, from which the "flat spot" composite composite beam is obtained.

Figure 27.- Shows a front elevation view of the standard basic electro-welded triangular double lattice reinforcements, packaged for manufacturing, storage and transport, stacked vertically and tucked on top of each other.

Figure 28.- Shows a view of the double lattice armor in cross section, through the center of the bay, reinforced in the workshop and reinforced, where appropriate, with corrugated rounds for positive bending moments of the bay, subject to welding, being another way of carrying out the object of the invention.

Figure 29.- Shows, finally, a front elevation view of each individually armed beam in the workshop, where appropriate, with its corresponding corrugated round reinforcements for the bending moments of the opening, stacked vertically and placed one above the other to its manufacture, storage and transport to work.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION In view of the figures outlined and in relation to Figures 1, 2 and 3, it can be seen as the basic reinforcement from which the reinforcement of the mixed flat composite beam "in situ" is obtained, comprises one or two rounds corrugated (1), on which the stirrups (2) are fixed, and on the top of these the round ones (3) are fixed, these being placed horizontally, all duly electro-welded. The reinforcement thus constituted and shown in figures 1 and 2, will cover several spans of beams, making continuity in the corresponding pillars (4), at any point of the beam when placing the next beam, resting recessed on said pillars (4 ), which will also support the formwork (5) with its zones (5 ') widened on the pillars themselves (4), the formwork being properly propped up and supporting the unidirectional semi-resistant joists (6), which can have any configuration, said joists (6) being complemented with reinforcement reinforcements (7) for negative bending moments, and in certain cases with other different reinforcements (7 '). On said semi-resistant joists (6) the vaults (8) are placed, which are hollow and open laterally, except for those that are collaterally to the main reinforcement of the beam that are fixed and closed by the respective side. Both the joists (6) and the vaults (8), are separated from the main armor, constituting the soul of the beam (9). As for the aforementioned pillars (4), they have their corresponding reinforcement reinforcements (10), based on corrugated rods, while certain joists (6) are equipped with the type of double lattice reinforcement (7 ') , electro-welded, as previously stated. In Figure 4, the cross-section of the armor of the central zone properly armed can be seen, including its corresponding armor of reinforcement (11).

On the other hand, in figure 5 a cross-sectional view of the reinforcement is shown in correspondence with the end zones, including the reinforcement reinforcement (12), inclined connectors for sharp reinforcements, as shown in figure 3, as reinforcements. complementary to the reinforcements that form the stirrups (2).

Figure 6 shows the cross-section of the reinforcement of the end areas duly armed with reinforcement reinforcements (12 ') of double lattice, for shear forces, as complementary reinforcements of the reinforcements or stirrups (2).

Figure 7 corresponds to a cross-section of the central area of the mixed flat composite beam "in situ" obtained by means of the basic reinforcement shown in the previous figures, being able to verify how the reinforcement rounds (11) are located on each side of the round corrugated (1) of the basic reinforcement, complemented with the "U" stirrups (2), as well as with the upper round reinforcements (3), the semi-resistant joists (6), the vaults (8), the armor round which forms the upper hanger (16), and the core of the beam formed by the concrete- (9), this also determining the compression layer (13) with the reinforcement (7) based on corrugated rounds placed in the part superior for negative bending moments of the floor. In said figure 7 the formation of transverse ribs (14) of reinforced concrete with corrugated rounds (15) located on the top and bottom, on the joist

(6). Figure 8 shows the cross-section of the end zone near the abacus of the same flat composite beam "in situ" represented in figure 7, being complemented by the reinforcement of a prefabricated and electro-welded joint connector reinforcement (12) inclined to increase the shear force, seeing in this figure an upper hanger (16) resting on the vaults (8) to allow the suspension of the armor itself, thus leaving sufficient concrete covering on its lower part. In this figure 8 the reinforcement reinforcements (7) can also be seen.

The common and flat compressive layer (13), with the concrete transverse ribs (14), at regular intervals, also has round reinforcement (15), properly grooved, to avoid the appearance of cracks or longitudinal cracks in the direction parallel to the joists, both on the lower face and on the upper face, all concreted throughout the height of the floor, with the particularity that its concrete ribs (14) are arranged between the vaults (8), acting as a resistant element of distribution between the joists as a result of the actions of the point loads on the slab plate, providing an increase in the resistant capacity for the transverse rigidity of the slab, in order to withstand the alternative tensile and compression stresses, both on the lower face as in the upper one, produced by the alternative bending moments of positive and negative and transverse torsores of the slab on the joists. A cross section like the one in the previous figure is shown in figure 9, with the reinforcement of a prefabricated and adapted traditional reinforcement (12 '), double triangular electro-welded lattice, to increase the shear stress, also including the hanger (16) for the suspension of the reinforcement, the upper reinforcement (7) and the reinforcements (11). Figure 10 corresponds to a cross-section of the extreme area of the bay, showing the abacus (17) in the support on the pillar (4), of the same flat composite beam "in situ", specifically that shown in Figure 8 , reinforced with the same reinforcement (12) superiorly tucked in, corrugated rods of beam negatives (18) that can also be seen in Figure 3, being able to use this reinforcement of connectors, in the joists "in situ" of the slab.

A cross-section like that of Figure 9 is shown in Figure 11 but including, in addition to the reinforcement (12 ') other reinforcements (12 ") inverted with respect to the previous one, in order to increase the shear stress.

Figure 12 shows a plan view of the detail corresponding to the abacus (17), the core of the beam (9), as well as the pillar (4) and the reinforcements (10) thereof. Figure 13 shows a cross section of the central area of the composite beam "in situ" or with prefabricated reinforced and prestressed concrete footing, in which the pendant (9 ') can be seen, as well as the rest of the elements which correspond to those of figure 7. Figure 14 shows another plan view of the detail corresponding to the abacus (17), the soul (9) and the pendant (9 ') of the beam, the puar (4) being likewise seen and reinforcements (10) thereof.

Figure 15 shows a longitudinal elevation view of the basic stirrup reinforcement with the incorporation of the reinforcement reinforcement (11), that is to say it corresponds to that shown in Figure 1 with the addition of said lower reinforcement (11).

Figure 16 shows a longitudinal elevation view of several reinforcements such as that shown in Figure 15, stacked together.

A longitudinal elevation view of the reinforcement reinforcement (12) is shown in Figure 17, with connectors of various types and various forms of electro-welded mounting, observing connectors (21) with a particular configuration and form of mounting and fixing, connectors (22) with another configuration and different form of assembly, connectors (23) with another form of different assembly, and connectors (25) with different configuration and different form of assembly from the aforementioned. In this figure 17, as well as in the cross-sectional view through the area corresponding to the foot (24), and whose sectional detail corresponds to figure 20, they are seen as the connector (21) in each case is welded through of a lower extension or foot to the corrugated (19), fixation that is carried out by means of the welding cords (26) and (28), while superiorly that type of connector (21) is fixed to the upper rod (20) or round corrugated by welding bead (27). In the same figure 17 the fixings are shown by means of the weld seams (29) of the connectors (22) and (25) to the lower round (19). A longitudinal elevation view of the connector reinforcement is shown in Figure 18, in which the distribution of the connector spacing (21), which, where appropriate, would be the connectors (22), (23) has been orientatively represented. ) and (25) corresponding to Figure 17. In that figure the crack angle (30) corresponding to the oblique compression rod is also represented, placing the connectors (21) orthogonally to said crack (30). Figure 19 shows a longitudinal elevation view of the reinforcement of an individual beam, fully armed with reinforcements (11) for positive bending moments of the span, as well as shear stresses, orientatively, on the left with connectors (12 ) and to the right with double (or single) lattice connectors (12 ').

The open arrangement of the stirrups (2), in the form of a "U" and with the slight greater amplitude or width at the top than at the bottom, allows stacking the reinforcements vertically tucked into each other, as shown in the Figure 21, making it possible to store a large number of beam trusses and to transport trucks to the maximum authorized load.

Figure 22 shows the stacking of the aforementioned reinforcements, that is, corresponding to Figure 21, but incorporating the reinforcements

(11) located on the inside of the stirrups (2) with the assembly of said reinforcements (11) directly on site, when the basic reinforcements are already placed on the formwork of the beam openings, and in the workshop on the reinforcement basic of each beam individually, making it possible to store a large number of reinforced beam reinforcements and to transport trucks to the maximum authorized load. As for the fixing of the connectors (21), (22), (23) and (25), it can be carried out on one or both sides of the lower corrugated round (19), as seen in Figure 17, always by means of the welds (26), (28), with the particularity that the connectors (22), (23) and (25) have a rounded bending superiorly determining an anchor hook that allows the hanger that constitutes the upper round (20) to be suppressed .

The optimum inclination of said connectors (21), (22), (23) and (25) should form horizontally, will be 67 °, with a crack inclination angle of 20 °, which is taken into account to determine the mechanical capacity of the oblique compression rod with the angle of 23 °.

Figure 23 shows a longitudinal elevation view of a standard basic double (or single) lattice armor (2 '), with a pair of lower corrugated rounds (1), although only one of the longitudinal views is visible them, and a round corrugated top (3), being able to appreciate the cross section of this armor in figure 26.

As for figure 24, the same reinforcement of figure 23 is shown but incorporating the reinforcements constituted by the corrugated rounds (11), fixed by welding in the workshop. Figure 25 shows a cross-sectional view of the mixed flat central beam "in situ" obtained by means of the standard basic reinforcement shown in Figures 23 and 24, being able to check the arrangement of the rounds corresponding to the reinforcements (11) and other elements that correspond to those shown in figure 7.

Figure 26 shows a cross-sectional view of the standard basic double lattice armor shown in Figure 23, where the lower round (1) and the upper round (3) are joined by the properly electro lattices (2 ') - Welded automatically.

Figure 27 shows a front elevation view of several basic double lattice reinforcements such as those shown in Figures 23, stacked together vertically and mounted on top of each other, packaged for manufacturing, storage and transport to work.

Figure 28 shows the same sectional detail as Figure 26 but with the lower reinforcements (11), fixed by welding, while Figure 29 corresponds to the stack shown in Figure 27 but with the reinforcements provided with the lower reinforcements ( 11), that is to say that figure 28 corresponds to the cross-sectional view of figure 24, while figure 29 corresponds to a stack of beams like those shown in the aforementioned figures 24 and 28.

Claims

R T V T Γ> T Γ A Γ T O F S

I ^a .- System of construction of floors of unidirectional and bidirectional flat slabs, which being applicable in those construction systems based on the formation of flat and hanging composite beams, made "in situ", supported by pillars and joists "in situ ", semi-resistant unidirectional, supported by the corresponding formwork duly propped up, complete with vaults, transverse ribs and other elements of reinforcement necessary to obtain the resistant mechanical capacity for its use, it is characterized in that the corresponding basic reinforcement allows its serial or standardized manufacturing and is made by electro-welded (or by any other method of joint bonding) with automatic manufacturing control, it is constituted from one or two corrugated rounds (1) (or other type of bars), going armed with open stirrups by above, in a configuration to a "U" format, complementing the top of the stirrups of corrugated round (2) (or other type of bar), with the placement of corrugated rounds (3) (or other type of bars), duly electro-welded (or by any other method of joint bonding) and with or without reinforcement reinforcement with corrugated rounds (11) (or other type of bars), to increase the resistant mechanical capacity of the bending moments of the opening, as well as reinforcement reinforcements (12) and (12 ') (or any other another type of reinforcement for this purpose), to increase the resistant mechanical capacity of the shear stresses of shears and flush, both in the flat composite beams "in situ" and with hanging "in situ" or with prefabricated reinforced and prestressed concrete footing , as for the joists component "in situ" of the slab. 2 .- System building floors flat forged unidirectional and bidirectional, according ^to claim I, wherein optionally, the basic armor electrowelded (or any other method of fixed connection) with automatic control of manufacturing, formed by Rebar (1) (or other type of bars) at the bottom and the corrugated rounds (3) (or other type of bars) at the top, can be replaced by an electro-welded reinforcement of double (or single) continuous lattice (2 ') of standard manufacturing of the market, where its corrugated rounds (1) (or other type of bars) from the bottom, are placed on both sides of the outside, and the corrugated round (3) (or another type of bar) of the upper part is placed in the inner part between the two heads of double (or single) lattice (2 '), allowing to obtain beams with a very narrow soul width (9), with sufficient capacity for can stand l The tangential efforts of shear and flush, as well as those of the oblique compression of the connecting rod.

3 .- System building floors flat forged unidirectional and bidirectional, according ^to claim I, wherein the basic reinforcement formed by stirrups and horizontal bars, corrugated round (or other bars), this upper portion open at its in a "U" format configuration, presenting its upper part wider than the lower part, allowing to easily stack these reinforcements vertically tucked into each other, making it easier to store a large number of beam reinforcements and to easily transport trucks up to its maximum authorized load. 4 .- System floor construction unidirectional and bidirectional flat slabs, according ^to claim I, wherein the round corrugated (3) (or other type of bars) that make up the basic reinforcement, are placed on the top and horizontally on both sides of the outer part of the stirrups (2), allowing to easily stack these reinforcements vertically inserted one inside the others, making it easier to store a large number of beam trusses and to easily transport trucks to their maximum authorized load.

5 .- System building floors flat forged unidirectional and bidirectional, according ^to claim I, wherein the basic reinforcement standard, open at its top, allowing the easy incorporation therein lower reinforcements constituted by corrugated round ( 11) (or other type of bars), to increase the resistant mechanical capacity of the bending moments, which can be mounted directly on site when the basic reinforcement is placed on the formwork of the beams, or in the workshop on the basic reinforcement of each of the individualized or continuous beams of several openings; without its incorporation preventing the easy stacking of said reinforcement vertically measured one inside the other, making it easier to store a large number of beam reinforcements and to easily transport them in trucks to their maximum authorized load.

6 .- System building floors flat forged unidirectional and bidirectional, according to claim I ^to, wherein the basic reinforcement standard, open at its top, allowing the easy incorporation therein of reinforcements made of other armatures (12 ) and / or (12 ') (or like any other type of reinforcement for that purpose), to increase the mechanical resistance of the shear stresses of shear and flush, which are mounted directly on site when the basic reinforcement is placed on the formwork of the beams.

7 ^a. - System of construction of floors of unidirectional and bidirectional flat slabs, according to claim I ^a and 6 ^a , characterized in that the reinforcement reinforcement (12) to increase the resistant mechanical capacity of the shear and shear stresses, is formed with corrugated round connectors (or other type of bar) in various types (21), (22), (23) and (25) and various forms of electro-welded mounting (or by any other method of joint connection) to the round horizontal corrugated bottom (19) (or other type of bar), both in the flat composite beams "in situ", as well as for the component of the joists "in situ" of the slab.

8 .- System building floors flat forged unidirectional and bidirectional, according to claim I ^to 6 and characterized in that the reinforcement armature (12 ') to increase the mechanical capacity resistant tangential stresses of cutting and grazing, this formed by a double (or simple) lattice (2 ') of standard manufacturing of the market, electro-welded to its round horizontal corrugated rods (1) and upper (3) (or other type of bar), having to have the unique peculiarity that the electro-welded or solidary connection of the lattices (2 ') with the lower horizontal corrugated rounds (1) (or other type of bars) must be resistant joints to withstand the transmission of the tensile stress of the rods of the lattices (2 ') to the lower horizontal corrugated rounds (1) (or other type of bars), so that the lattice acts as a connector, maintaining the balance of the vector forces, of such suer you, that the welding union is not started by the tangential stresses last limits, both in the flat composite beams "in situ", and for the component of the joists "in situ" of the slab.

9 .- System building floors flat forged unidirectional and bidirectional, according ^to claim 7, wherein the connectors rebars (21), (22) and (23) (or other bar) with inclined position, in its lower part they join with the horizontal corrugated round (19) (or other type of bar), forming a resistant knot by means of electro-soldering (or any other method of solidary union), the connectors (21), (22) and (23) present at its lower end a horizontal extension termination (24), determining a foot through which the resistant weld (26 and 28) of connected root connection is made on the lower horizontal corrugated round (19) ( or other type of bar), either mounted on it or located on both sides of said bar (19), to ensure the mechanical capacity of the connectors acting as oblique traction rods, plus that of the mechanical capacity of the bar horiz lower ontal (19) due to its horizontal pin effect of the sewing of the shear cracks, all in equilibrium with the oblique compression rod, cracks that begin by opening at the bottom of the beam, close to the supports, both in the "in situ" flat composite beams, as for the "in situ" joists component of the slab.

10 .- System building floors flat forged unidirectional and bidirectional, according to claim 7, wherein the type connectors (21) are fixed at the top to the corrugated bar part (20) (or other bar) by welding (27) (or other type of joint connection); with the particularity that the connectors (22) and (23) of the same type as the (21), they present the arched configuration in the form of an anchor hook, with which it is possible to suppress the upper bar (20) and the weld (27), both in the flat composite beams "in situ", and for the component of the joists "in situ "of the floor.

11 .- System building floors flat forged unidirectional and bidirectional, according to claim 7, wherein the type connectors (25) have at their ends both bottom and top configuration arcuate shaped anchor hook , its lower part being fixed to the horizontal corrugated round (19) (or other type of bar), made by means of solder (or other type of solidary joint) of connection root connection connected to the lower horizontal corrugated round (19) (or other type of bar), either mounted on it or located on both sides of said bar (19), to ensure the mechanical capacity of the connectors acting as oblique traction rods, plus that of the mechanical capacity of the lower horizontal bar (19) due to its horizontal pin effect of the sewing of shear cracks, all in equilibrium with the oblique compression rod, cracks that begin to open in the lower part of the beam near the supports, both in the flat composite beams "in situ", and for the component of the joists "in situ" of the slab.

12 ^a. - Construction system of floors of unidirectional and bidirectional flat floors, according to claims 9 ^a , 10 ^a and 11 ^a , characterized in that the connectors (21, (22), (23) and (25) form a horizontal optimized angle of 67 °, acting as an oblique traction rod, this inclination being the orthogonal of the crack angle (30) of 23 ° (resulting in an angle of 20 ° in the tests carried out in the Research Project), corresponding to the oblique compression connecting rod, thereby obtaining the maximum limit of the resistant mechanical capacity of the shear stresses of shears and flush, with the application of the crack sewing rule, balanced with oblique compression, both in the "in situ" flat composite beams, and for the "in situ" joists component of the slab.

13 ^a. - System of construction of floors of unidirectional and bidirectional flat slabs, according to claims I ^a , 10 ^a and 11 ^a , characterized in that corrugated rounds (16) (or other type of bars) supported on the vaults (8), It is used as a pin as a hanger, to hang the reinforcement of the beam, supporting the upper corrugated rounds (3) (or other type of bars), and the upper anchor hooks of the connectors, on said corrugated round (16) (or other type of bars), thus leaving the beam reinforcement sufficiently raised on the bottom of the formwork, so that it has sufficient lower coating thickness when performing structural concrete "in situ". With this determination, the separating shims supported on the formwork are suppressed, as well as the suppression of the laborious work of placing said shims on the formwork and leaving them fixed below the round ones of the beam reinforcement, with assurance of the necessary covering established by the Instruction of the Structural Reinforced Concrete Regulations.

14 ^a. - Construction system of floors of unidirectional and bidirectional flat slabs, according to claims I ^a and 2 ^a , characterized in that the standard standard basic reinforcements can easily reach lengths of 12'00, 12 '80 and 13 '40 meters , allowing you to easily stack these vertically placed reinforcements inside one another, making it easier to store a large number of beam reinforcements and being able to transport them at full authorized maximum load in trailer trucks, without special permits, and facilitate their placement on site; since this basic armor of standard manufacturing, will cover several beams, making continuity at any point of the beam, when placing the next reinforcement, making enough overlap with the previous reinforcement.