ES2220236B1 - "MULTIPLANTA BUILDING STRUCTURE". - Google Patents

Abstract

Multi-storey building structure. Multi-floor structure based on prefabricated and self-supporting concrete elements, which has hyperstatic knots formed by a joining area of a continuous prefabricated pillar that is left free of concrete and is reinforced with a reinforcement, two self-supporting mixed jars on two opposite sides of the pillar , two pre-slabs on opposite sides of the pillar, different from those that occupy the jácenas, means of fixed union between the two jácenas that cross the zone of union of the prefabricated pillar, means of subjection in work of the mixed self-supporting jácenas and elements of armor that they cross the area of union of the pillar and extend in the direction of the pre-slabs. Once the elements are placed, the knot is concreted on site.

Description

Multi-storey building structure.

The present invention relates to a structure of multi-storey building that presents sensible advantages over the structures hitherto known.

The present invention falls within the sector of construction, and refers to a multi-floor structure based on prefabricated self-supporting elements.

The current development of the sector of the construction is increasingly involved with the concepts of sustainability and environmental protection. The works related to buildings have associated pollution of the air, soil and water during their duration.

The use of prefabricated elements supposes a reduction in emissions, such as dust or emissions sound, as well as the time they occur, it is reduced so notorious the construction time of the structure. In addition, with Prefabricated elements barely produce emissions or waste on site, if we compare it with the construction system traditional.

Other advantages of using prefabricated elements reside in the quality of the elements used and in the decrease of the necessary labor during construction

Within the construction systems that they use prefabricated elements, those that use elements self-supporting, and therefore do not need shoring of the structure, are the ones that require less installation time in work, with the consequent reduction of environmental impact, as well as the consequent reduction of costs associated with the time of installation on site.

Within this last group, they are known for its advantages the structures that combine prefabricated pillars Continuous concrete, prestressed alveolar plates and jácenas Mixed self-supporting

The techniques currently known for this combination of elements allow connections between elements vertical and horizontal (knots) not rigid. These non-rigid knots they are called isostatic type knots or simply knots isostatic However, known techniques do not allow get with these elements, in an appropriate way, knots rigid. These rigid knots are called typology knots hyperstatic or simply hyperstatic knots. And this kind of knots are necessary in structures for tall buildings subjected to horizontal stresses (wind action, effects seismic ...) in which resistance to them is fully trusted to the structural mesh.

Therefore, a technical problem that claims solving the present invention is to design a structure which combining continuous prefabricated concrete pillars, plates prestressed alveolar and self-supporting mixed jácenas can incorporate hyperstatic knots.

The invention consists of a structure multiplanta with hyperstatic knots combining pillars precast concrete, continuous, prepared for realization of hyperstatic knots, prestressed alveolar plates and jácenas mixed self-supporting as well as structural and joining means for the realization of hyperstatic knots.

More specifically, the present invention consists of in a multi-floor structure that presents the characteristics set forth in the attached independent claim 1.

This structure has a knot in which converges, in vertical direction, a continuous prefabricated pillar of concrete, which has been adapted, presenting a joining area that it is free of concrete and leaves an armor in the air, and in horizontal direction, two mixed self-supporting jácenas located in opposite sides of the prefabricated pillar junction zone, and joined between them of fixed way by means that cross the zone of pillar joint; fastening means in the work of mixed jácenas self-supporting that converge in the knot; two pre-slabs, located each one on opposite sides of the pillar and different from those occupied by the jácenas, and who rely on them; and armor elements that they extend in the direction of the pre-slabs and cross the area of union of the prefabricated pillar. Once all the elements have been placed, we proceed to concrete the set, thus achieving a hyperstatic knot.

In addition, the present invention also provides preferred embodiments that are the subject of the claims Dependent Dependents

In this way, a structure is achieved multiplanta with hyperstatic knots that has all the advantages associated with the use of a construction system based on Prefabricated elements that do not need shoring.

Another objective of the present invention is to obtain a multi-floor structure with hyperstatic knots made with the prefabricated elements mentioned above, which also presents a total absence of lifting of the jácenas below the plates alveolar, forming slabs of maximum slenderness, based on minimal songs

For better compression, it is attached as explanatory but not limiting example, some drawings of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 1 shows an overview in perspective of a structure according to the present invention.

Figure 2 shows an elevation view of the structure of figure 1.

Figure 3 shows a top plan view of the structure of figure 1.

Figure 4 shows a perspective view of a continuous prefabricated pillar with a joining area prepared for form a hyperstatic knot.

Figure 5 is a perspective view in which it shows schematically the use of brackets that are used as a means of support for mixed jácenas in the knots hyperstatic

Figure 6 shows a perspective view of the union of two continuous prefabricated pillars.

Figure 7 shows a view, sectioned for see its internal elements, from another example of realization of a union between prefabricated pillars of different characteristics.

Figure 8 shows a view, sectioned for see its internal elements, from an example of joining a pillar with a top floor or roof of the building.

Figure 9 shows a perspective view of a mixed jácena realization adapted to join a knot hyperstatic according to the present invention.

Figure 10 shows a perspective view of a construction in which two knots can be observed adjacent hyperstatics, with their respective elements, before be concreted

Figure 11 is a perspective view where appreciate in greater detail a hyperstatic knot of figure 10.

Figure 12 is a sectional view through the plane XII-XII indicated in Figure 10, in which you can see two alveolar plates around a pre-slab that It has armor elements.

Figure 13 is a sectional view through the plane XIII-XIII indicated in Figure 10, in which you can see a mixed jácena that converges towards a knot hyperstatic

Figure 14 is a sectional view, according to the XIV-XIV plane indicated in figure 10, in which you can see details of the elements that converge in the knot hyperstatic, as well as the use of a tunnel located in the prefabricated pillar to fill the concrete knot.

Figure 15 is a perspective view in the that an alternative embodiment of a structure according to the present invention in which two pillars are observed misaligned.

Figure 16 shows a sectional view of example of realization of the union of the pillars with the foundation of the building.

Figure 17 shows a sectional view of another alternative embodiment of a pillar joint with the foundation of the building.

Figure 1 shows a structure (1) according to the present invention, which consists, among others, of the following structural assemblies: a set of foundation elements (2), a plurality of vertical pillars (3), (3 '), ..., a plurality of slabs (4), (4 '), ..., which define the floors of the building, a plurality of balconies (5), (5 ') ... and a plurality of different holes (6), (6 ') ... defined in the slabs (by example for elevators or for stairs).

With the exception of the foundation (2), which in a general case is carried out on site, the rest of the sets structural examples shown above are made by prefabricated elements.

Such prefabricated elements include elements. already known such as precast concrete pillars (8), alveolar plates (9), (9 '), and mixed self-supporting jácenas (eleven).

Thus, for example, in the formation of the floors (4), (4 '), ..., intervene, among others, alveolar plates (9), and mixed self-supporting jácenas (10). In the formation of each of the pillars (3), (3 ') intervene different continuous pillars prefabricated (7), (8), ... placed on top of each other. These continuous prefabricated pillars (7), (8) forming the pillar (3), (3 ') can present different typologies along the height of the same. In the example of figure 1, it can be seen that each pillar (3), (3 ') is formed by a prefabricated continuous pillar (8) located at the bottom, and a prefabricated continuous pillar (7) which is adapted for the realization of hyperstatic knots, placed on the latter (8). In the present description, the word "continuous" in the term "prefabricated pillar continuous "must be understood as meaning that the said pillar Prefabricated goes through at least one floor.

To achieve your goals, present invention serves together with the known prefabricated elements, prefabricated elements specially adapted for the realization of hyperstatic knots: continuous prefabricated pillars (7) adapted, mixed self-supporting jácenas (11) specially adapted for the realization of hyperstatic knots (13), as well as others reinforcing and joining elements, also intended for realization of such hyperstatic knots.

These elements combine with each other, joining through isostatic (12) (non-rigid) knots of known type, joints between pillars (15), joints between pillar and forged (14) and joints between pillar and foundation (16). In a characteristic way for the present invention, the structure (1) has knots hyperstatics (13).

In the example shown in Figure 1, you can observe that on the first floors, in which the efforts sides are not important, prefabricated pillars have been used (8) unmodified and isostatic nodes (12) of known type, while on the upper floors, which are required by most important lateral efforts, knots have been made hyperstatics (13) according to the present invention, for which they have used continuous prefabricated pillars (7) modified for such end, as described below.

Figure 4 shows a prefabricated pillar continuous (7) specially prepared for the realization of a knot hyperstatic according to the present invention. Said pillar (7) is characterized by presenting a junction zone (17) that is left free concrete and defining a top part (18) and another part lower (19) to the junction zone (17). The junction zone (17) leaves the air the irons (20), (20 '), of the pillar reinforcement. Bliss armor is preferably reinforced by other elements of armor (21), (21 '), ..., to preserve the resistance in the area of union (17) of the prefabricated element (7). In addition, the surface separation between the junction zone (17) and the lower zone (19) it presents some drawers (22), (22 '), destined to receive some elongated elements or brackets (23), (23 ') intended to act as fastening means in work of the jácenas (10) that converge to the knot hyperstatic (13). In the example shown in Figure 4, the drawers (22), (22 ') are partially embedded in the concrete of the lower part (19), presenting lower legs with a wider base (24), (24 ') (see figure 5) to get an anchor to the concrete of the pillar. As shown in Figure 14, the part upper (18) will preferably have a tunnel (25) in the concrete that will connect one of its side faces with the area of union (15). This tunnel (25) is used to facilitate the filling of concrete of the joining area (17) once the knot is assembled hyperstatic (13). Figure 14 also shows the use of the tunnel (25) and of the fastening means in a knot mounted.

The transportation requirements to the work, impose on the prefabricated pillars (7), (8) a limitation in As for its length. This makes it necessary to provide for the union between pillars In figure 4 it is possible to observe on the surface top (50) of the abutment (7) holes (26), (26 '), (26' '), (26) intended to receive elements of union with another pillar.

Figure 6 shows another example of junction between two pillars (7 ') and (7' '). The bottom pillar (7 ') it has threaded studs on its upper face (27), (27 '), ..., which are introduced into the corresponding holes of the abutment upper (7 '') and then the joint is adjusted by a nut system, threading the studs to through the open entrees (28), (28 ') ... presented by the upper pillar (7``). In the example, the realization of a projection (29) in the upper face of the pillar lower (7 ') corresponding to a recess of the upper pillar (7 '') (not shown) which helps to facilitate the guidance of upper pillar (7``) when installed on site. When placing the pillar upper (7 '') on the lower pillar (7 ') the outgoing inlet (29) fits in the projection of the upper pillar (7 '') which ensures the perfect alignment between both prefabricated pillars.

In figure 7, a section of another is shown example of union of this type, in this case between two pillars of different section (7) and (8). The figure also shows how it is possible to interpose horizontal elements between pillars, as is the case of the self-supporting mixed jácena (10) belonging to the slab (4) of Figure 7.

Figure 8 shows another example, in this case of the union of a pillar with a top floor (4), by for example, the roof slab of the building, also by threaded joints (27), (27 '). In the examples of figures 6 and 7 you can see how the threaded stud protruding from the face upper part of the pillar to make the union, can be part, in preferred embodiments of the armor (20), (20 ') located in the inside the pillar.

Figure 9 shows a mixed jácena (10) that is It consists of a metal drawer whose walls (30), (31), (32), ..., have perforations (33), intended to allow the filling of the jácena with reinforced concrete and a wing (34) on each side, intended for support other horizontal elements such as honeycomb panels concrete (9), pre-slabs (37), etc ... Inside the drawer Armor elements can optionally be placed. One time installed on site, the mixed jácena (10) is filled with concrete, remaining inside the floor. The jacena shown in figure 9 It is also adapted for the formation of a knot hyperstatic (13) according to the invention, and thus presents on one side vertical (32) of one end, some cuts (35) corresponding in shape and size with fasteners (23), (23 ') of jácena of the prefabricated adapted pillar (7). In the event that the form of the structure (1) so required, the face of the opposite end of the jácena mixed (10), could be adapted in the same way as the face (32) described. Figure 14 shows the operation of the cuts 35 in combination with the abutment fastening means continuous prefabricated (22), (23), (24), (24 '), in a knot hyperstatic (13).

Figure 10 shows two hyperstatic knots (13), (13 '), according to the present invention, before being concreted. In figure 11 one of these has been represented in more detail knots Figures 12, 13 and 14 correspond to sections according to planes indicated in figure 10, in which it can be observed with greater clarity certain characteristics of the node (13) and of the elements that form them.

As seen in the cited figures, a knot hyperstatic (13) of a structure (1) according to the present Invention, it consists of the following elements:

one)

The junction zone (17) of an adapted prefabricated pillar (7).

2)

Two mixed jácenas (10), (10 ') located on opposite sides of the pillar (7). Mixed jumpers (10), (10 ') are supported during assembly in fastening means (22), (23), (22 '), (23'), than in the example shown take the form of support brackets located on the pillar (7), previously described. See figure 14.

3)

Means of union between both jácenas (10), (10 '). In the example shown in the figures, these means consist of a metal plate (36) that are attached to the upper face of each of the brackets (10), (10 ') by welding or joining screwed

4)

Two pre-slabs (37), (37 ') on opposite sides of the pillar (7), other than those occupied by the jácenas (10), (10 '), who rest on the wings lateral (34) of the jácenas.

5)

Elements of armor (38) to be extend in the direction of the pre-slabs, crossing the space of the junction zone (17) of the pillar (7).

The hyperstatic knot area is completed with other elements already known as armor elements (39) in the space between the mixed jácenas (10) and the horizontal elements (9), (37), the armor elements (40) in the space between horizontal elements (9), (37), or the elements of armor (41) in the space defined by the pre-slab, as observed in figures 12 and 13.

Once placed all the elements are passed to concrete the whole set. As seen in Figure 14, it use the tunnel (25) of the pillar (7), as well as the perforations (33) of the mixed jácenas (10), to ensure that the concrete occupies the entire space and there are no air pockets left.

Figure 15 shows another alternative embodiment in which the hyperstatic knots (13) and (13 ') meet aligned in a direction not orthogonal to that of the jácenas. This realization requires the additional use of plates honeycombs (42) and specially adapted pre-slabs (43).

Finally, figures 16 and 17 show two Examples of joining the prefabricated pillars (7), (8), with the foundation (2). In the example shown in Figure 16, it is shown a known example of union between pillar and the shoe of the foundation (2) with fluid mortar (44) without filling retraction and precision anchors and recessed drawer (45). The union is complete with the appropriate reinforcement elements (46), of type known. Figure 17 shows another embodiment of joining Pillar-shoe by threaded anchors (47), (47 '), with subsequent mortar coating (48). In this case, the union It is completed with the mesh (49).

As for the materials, they will be usable all those known by the current technique, especially those recommended by the norms of habitual use. By way of example, typical materials to use could be concrete type HA-30 on the pillars, HP-40 or HP-50 in the alveolar plates, and HA-30 in the concrete poured for the formation of knots and joints between elements. The steels may be of any suitable type, such as steel B-420-S high adhesion.

In this way, a structure is achieved that It has the following advantages combined:

one)

Is a multi-floor structure based on prefabricated elements with hyperstatic knots, which favors the creation of spaces highly illuminated

2)

It rises in record time when using prefabricated elements without the need for

 \ hbox {shoring} 

3)

Minimize the impact time environmental

4)

Increase in the life of the building when using high quality materials and manufacturing processes Controlled in workshop.

In general, everything that does not affect, alter, change or modify the essence of the described structure, it will be variable to The effects of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. Multi-floor building structure, of the type comprising prefabricated continuous multi-concrete concrete pillars, prestressed alveolar plates and self-supporting mixed beams composed of a hollow beam of steel plates with holes in the sides, the beams being completely concreted during the construction of the building , remaining within the slab of the same, characterized in that the structure has at least one hyperstatic knot concreted on site and composed of:

-

a prefabricated pillar comprising a junction zone that is free of concrete, leaving reinforced reinforcement in the air;

-

two of the aforementioned mixed self-supporting jácenas, each located on sides opposite of the continuous prefabricated pillar junction zone, extending both jácenas in senses sensibly opposites;

-

media of fixed union between the two self-supporting mixed jácenas, that cross the prefabricated pillar junction zone continuous;

-

media of subjection in work of the self-supporting mixed jácenas;

-

two pre-slabs, each located on opposite sides of the junction zone of the continuous prefabricated pillar and different from those occupied by the jácenas, and that rely on the jácenas;

-

Y reinforcement elements that cross the pillar junction zone and are They extend in the direction of the pre-slabs.

2. Structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the means of fixed connection between the two jacks comprise a metal laminar element fixedly attached to both jácenas. 3. Structure according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the gripping means of the jácenas comprise a structure anchored in the concrete of the prefabricated pillar. 4. Structure, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one mixed jaguar that converges on one side has holes for receiving the clamping means of the jácenas. 5. Structure, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the continuous prefabricated abutment of the hyperstatic node presents a tunnel connecting the side of the pillar to the upper face of the junction area of said pillar.