EP1767717A1

EP1767717A1 - System for building floors consisting of unidirectional and bi-directional flat forgings

Info

Publication number: EP1767717A1
Application number: EP05754206A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Ramon Mimenza Larracoachea
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2004-06-08
Filing date: 2005-06-07
Publication date: 2007-03-28
Also published as: WO2005121470A1; BRPI0509686A; ZA200609005B; ES2245244B1; ES2245244A1

Abstract

The system makes it possible to build flat beams in situ for unidirectional and bi-directional forgings, comprising corrugated bar reinforcements (1) and electrowelded stirrups (2) that have a U-shaped opening on the top part. The composite flat beams use reinforcements consisting of basic reinforcements that might be formed by one or two corrugated bars (2), the basic reinforcement also comprising electrowelded stirrups (2) that are lodged inside the reinforcement and upper corrugated bars (3) that are placed on the outer side of the electrowelded stirrup (2). Also included are reinforcement elements (11) located inside the stirrups (2). The basic reinforcement occasionally indudes electrowelded connector reinforcements (12) and/or prefabricated and electrowelded double latticework reinforcements (12) or another form of reinforcement with the purpose of enhancing the mechanical capability of the cutting effort.

Description

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a system for building floors consisting of unidirectional and bi-directional flat forgings, based on forming in situ flat composite suspending beams, with mixed and traditional reinforcements, in static collaboration with semi-resistant joists made in situ, preslabs, cross-ribs and other required reinforcement elements, in such away that with general concreting of the inside of the beams, joists, cross-ribs and effective head of the common compressor layer, it is achieved that the assembly produced works as a monolithically composed assembly, noticeably enhancing its mechanical capability.
The object of the invention is to achieve a system for building floors consisting of unidirectional and bi-directional flat forgings with great reduction in the volume of reinforcements, and of the beams' concrete, thus reducing the weight of the resistant element, which makes it possible to make column spans with beams of a great length for the same load, but with sufficient safety and solidity to the diagrams of bending moments, maximum foreseeable tangential cutting and shearing efforts throughout the span, including the arrows of the deformed one, in compliance with the requirements established in the regulations of Instruction EHE-98.

BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION

The Instruction for the design and execution of EHE-98 and EFHE 2002 is based on the fact that concrete beams are reinforced with tied or point welded corrugated bars, wherein the variable width and height of the beam corresponds to the edge of the forging, leaving the reinforcement embedded in the plate that constitutes the flat beam.
The fact that the forging's beams and joists have the same edge as the forging with a complex configuration of the structure, occasionally gives rise to poor results of the structure (not so for those wherein the beams are suspended), causing great concern when it comes to establishing calculations among construction engineers, designers, estimators, including official supervisors, insurance companies and the commission of the regulations, with there being no Instruction in this regard for its specific application.
Likewise, it is noteworthy that current flat reinforced concrete beams tend to have a width of large dimensions, depending on the structural diversity of lengths and load, with it being usual for them to achieve widths in the region of 50, 60 and 70 cm, and sometimes even up to 1 metre or more, producing eccentricities between the beam and corresponding pillars, as well as between the ends of the joists' connecting plates with the pillars, through the beam, and innumerable other complex circumstances that will give rise to deformations, especially taking into consideration that usually individualized calculations are made on the one hand of the beams and on the other of the forging's semi-resistant joists, leading to potential risks of localized accidents, in certain complex structures.
Nonetheless, in Spanish invention patent P9600363 a number of improvements are disclosed for the systems for building flat unidirectional forgings based on the corresponding mixed flat composite beams being made in situ and comprising a main reinforcement wherein a metal profile in the shape of an inverted "T" intervenes with connectors, a hanger, reinforcing corrugated bars complemented by a mass of concrete poured in situ over said reinforcement to produce the mixed flat composite beam.
This construction system envisages the connectors to be arranged inclined and welded at their ends to the inverted "T" profile and to a bar constituting the hanger, supporting the ends of the mixed flat composite beam on the corresponding pillars, embedded in a hyperstatic grade, while the ends of the connecting plates of the semi-resistant joists as well as the corresponding first arch sections are separated in order to determine a cavity that is filled with concrete, complemented with the suitable reinforcement to constitute the core of the mixed flat beam.
In the system disclosed in said Spanish invention patent P9600363 the metal "T" profile is positioned in an inverted way, as mentioned beforehand, in other words, with the core facing vertically upwards and the two side wings or the horizontal stretch on the lower part, in such a way that on the upper part of the centre or corresponding edge the connectors that will be of corrugated bar are welded, with an inclination of 45° to the horizontal, connectors that in turn on the other end are welded to a corrugated bar installed throughout the length of the beam, this bar constituting what is referred to as a "hanger". Additionally, in the event that the metal "T" profile is not capable of absorbing the totality of the positive bending moment, it is envisaged to install reinforcements consisting of one or more preferably corrugated bars installed on the wings themselves that remain in a horizontal arrangement to the abovementioned "T" profile, next to the core, bars that must be duly electrowelded to the wing and to the core, with their section and length dictated by the calculations made in each case, all of the above in the event that the "T"-shaped profile and the width of the concrete of the core of the in situ mixed flat composite beam is unable to absorb the totality of the negative bending moment, in which case an extension of the concrete of the beam core will be made consisting of an abacus cemented in concrete with a width and length established by the calculations made each in case.
The in situ mixed flat composite beam is constituted using the necessary shuttering to receive the connecting plate of the ends of the semi-resistant joists, removing the first arch section from both sides of the forging to be able to achieve the required concreting of these ends of the joists, leaving the mixed flat composite beam's reinforcement arranged in the separation remaining between both connecting plates of the joists, in such a way that having executed the corresponding reinforcement of the rest of the plate, all of it will be concreted with the compressor layer, thus constituting the principal element of the in-situ mixed flat composite beam.
In an addition to said invention patent P9600363, an addition that corresponds to P200000567, a number of improvements on the former are disclosed, based on the fact that the basic reinforcement is constituted from a corrugated bar or from a profile in double-"T" shape, or even various corrugated bars, according to a traditional reinforcement or another type of profile, in such a way that both the basic reinforcement formed from the corrugated bar and the basic reinforcement formed from the profile in double-"T" are reinforced through welded corrugated bar connectors, and where applicable between the profile in double-"T" and a hanger constituted by a corrugated bar situated in an upper horizontal plane while the basic reinforcement formed from various corrugated bars is completed with stirrups, with or without reinforcement of the connectors, complementing the basic reinforcement in any of the cases with one or more upper hangers, and lower corrugated bar reinforcements.
In this case, in other words in the addition corresponding to P200000567, the basic reinforcement constituted from various corrugated bars, with the stirrups, reinforcing connectors and hangers, is susceptible to being complemented with a mixed reinforcement to be able to withstand greater mechanical capability to cutting and shearing efforts, with said complementary mixed reinforcement being formed from a lower corrugated bar, or from a single inverted "T"-profile, or a double-"T" profile.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Based on the characteristics of the documents referred to in the preceding section, the present application is based on the fact that in order to maintain the structure of in situ flat composite beams a basic standard reinforcement will be used and in its specific case may be made from a corrugated bar, preferably with two, complemented with electrowelded stirrups with a U-shaped opening on the top part with two upper bars installed on the outer part of the stirrups, electrowelded.
To this reinforcement or structure is subsequently added, where necessary, (whether at the workshop or the works) longitudinal bars for bending moments of the span installed on the lower part of their corresponding casings and reinforcements of cutting efforts at the ends, achieving narrower beams than current traditional flat beams but with sufficient resistant capability, safety and solidity to withstand loads.
To increase the mechanical capability of the cutting effort, on the basis of the standard model of basic electrowelded reinforcement, specific zones are reinforced, preferable at the ends, on the basis of introducing directly a combination of prefabricated mixed electro-welded reinforcement, on the configuration of a bar in the lower part and another bar in the upper part, arranging the corresponding connectors inclined and fixed by welding to the upper and lower bars, it being possible for the connectors in their upper part to end in an anchoring hook, eliminating the hanger.
The increase in the mechanical capability of the cutting effort can be achieved through introducing directly one or more traditional standard market prefabricated reinforcements, of double (or single) triangular electrowelded latticework in the necessary zone.
The mixed combination between the basic reinforcement and reinforcement of connectors and/or latticework provides greater mechanical capability to the cutting effort, acting with maximum efficiency in the lower part of greater tension, with the tension upwards descending with a zero trend.
For their part, the open U-shaped stirrups are wider at their upper part than their lower part, in the order of a calibre of 3 bars of the stirrup, in other words approximately 30 mm, so that they may be stacked vertically by insertion into each other, making it possible to store a great number of basic reinforcements and to transport them on lorries up to the maximum authorized load.
At the same time, it is envisaged that the composite beam may be suspended in situ, or have a prefabricated reinforced and prestressed concrete footing with the corresponding reinforcements in the same way as the one produced in the way described above.
Among the advantages that may be cited in relation to the system in question for building unidirectional and bi-directional flat forgings, we would highlight the following:

Elimination of the concrete that is normally used to produce reinforced concrete beams, resulting in a financial saving and greater speed of execution.
Elimination of the shuttering normally used for the reinforced concrete beam, also resulting in a financial saving and speed of execution.
Reduction of the weight of the beam, with the ensuing financial saving.
Safety for personnel and labourers, since during execution works or installation of the forging they can walk over the shuttering that serves to support the semi-resistant joists, with a view to being able to distribute and install the arch sections over said joists, so as to then install the reinforcements in the cavity comprised between joist connector plates, allowing personnel to work with greater comfort and safety, definitely resulting in a financial saving and greater speed in the execution of the works.
Convenient and fast manufacturing of the basic standard reinforcement of the flat composite beam, realized with automatic electro-welding machines, since this standard-manufacture reinforcement can reach a length of 13.40 metres or more, stacked or vertically assembled on top of one another, transportable at full maximum authorized load in lorries, on trailers without the need for special permits, and of its installation at the works, since this reinforcement will cover several beam column spans, making continuity at any point of the beam by installing the next reinforcement, which is much more economical due to its speed of manufacture and installation at the works in relation to producing the currently used flat reinforced concrete beams.
Easy installation at the works of basic standard reinforcements and reinforcements in beams in column spans and at the ends for cutting efforts, since they are placed directly in the base of the reinforcement.
Possibility of using traditional standard market prefabricated reinforcements, with double (or single) triangular electrowelded latticework, whose mass production is made in lengths of 12.80 metres.
Possibility of producing very narrow beams with a sufficient core width for them to be able to withstand cutting efforts and oblique compression.
Ease of storage of a large amount of beam reinforcements, as they can be stacked inside each other.
Possibility of introducing vertically the corresponding corrugated reinforcement bars within the open stirrups, directly at the works, when the basic reinforcements are already installed on the shuttering of the beams' column spans, and at the workshop on the basic reinforcement of each individual beam, making it possible to store a large amount of reinforced beams, and transporting them on lorries up to the maximum authorized load.
Possibility of using different types of connectors, which are able to have a lower or horizontal prolongation determining a foot through which the resistant weld is made, even being able to realize fixation through electro-fusion of resistance and pressure with automatic control, even being able for the connectors to have in their lower part a configuration in the shape of an anchoring hook, with a view to eliminating the upper hanger.
Preventing the appearance of longitudinal fissures or cracks in the direction parallel to the joists, as a consequence of the common flat compressor layer in the unidirectional forgings it will present at regular intervals concrete cross-ribs with reinforcement bars, duly stirruped and whose ribs will be left arranged between the arch sections, acting as a resistant element of distribution between the joists as a consequence of the actions of sporadic loads on the forging plate providing an increase in the resistant capability for the transversal rigidity of the forging, in order to support alternative efforts of traction and compression, both on the lower and upper face, produced by alternating positive and negative bending moments, as well as by the joists' torsion efforts.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

To complement the description being made and with a view to contributing to a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, in accordance with a preferred embodiment thereof, a set of drawings is attached as an integral part of said description, which by way of illustration but not limitation, represent the following:

Figure 1.: Shows a longitudinal side elevation view of the basic reinforcement wherefrom an in situ flat composite beam is produced, object of the invention.
Figure 2.: Shows an elevation view or cross-section of two basic reinforcements wherefrom in each case an in situ flat composite beam is produced. In one case the reinforcement comprises a central lower bar, whereas in the other the reinforcement comprises two lower bars.
Figure 3.: Shows a representation according to a general perspective of the different components in the installation position to produce a unidirectional flat forging on the basis of forming flat composite beams in situ.
Figure 4.: Shows a cross-section view of the reinforcement through the centre of the span duly reinforced, where applicable, with the corresponding additional reinforcements, made in accordance with the object of the invention.
Figure 5.: Shows a cross-section view of the reinforcement of the span duly reinforced at its ends, where applicable, with its corresponding reinforcements, with another form made in accordance with the object of the invention.
Figure 6.: Shows a cross-section view of the reinforcement of the span duly reinforced at its ends, where applicable, with its corresponding additional reinforcements, with another form made in accordance with the object of the invention.
Figure 7.: Shows a cross-section view of the central zone of the flat composite beam made in situ reinforced, where applicable, with its corresponding reinforcements for positive bending moments, made in accordance with the object of the invention.
Figure 8.: Shows a cross-section view of the span at the ends close to the abacus, where applicable, of an in situ flat composite beam reinforced with a prefabricated mixed electrowelded reinforcement of inclined connectors, to increase the cutting effort, all of the above made in accordance with the object of the invention.
Figure 9.: Shows a cross-section view of the span at its ends close to the abacus, where applicable, of an in situ flat composite beam reinforced with a traditional standard market prefabricated reinforcement, in double triangular electrowelded latticework to increase the cutting effort, all of the above made in accordance with the object of the invention.
Figure 10.: Shows a cross-section view of the end zone of the span (abacus, where applicable), on the support of the pillar of the in situ flat composite beam reinforced with a prefabricated mixed electrowelded reinforcement of inclined connectors, to increase the cutting effort made in accordance with the object of the invention.
Figure 11.: Shows a cross-section view of the end zone of the span (abacus, where applicable), on the support of the pillar of the in situ flat composite beam reinforced with one or several traditional standard market prefabricated reinforcements, of double triangular electrowelded latticework, to increase the cutting effort, made in accordance with the object of the invention.
Figure 12.: Shows a plan view of the detail corresponding to the abacus of reinforced concrete on the support of the pillars, all of it forming part of the in situ mixed flat composite beam, made in accordance with the object of the invention.
Figure 13.: Shows a cross-section view through the central zone, of the in situ composite beam with suspension or with a prefabricated reinforced and prestressed concrete footing, reinforced where applicable with its corresponding additional reinforcements for positive bending moments, made in accordance with the object of the invention.
Figure 14.: Shows a plan view of the detail corresponding to the abacus of reinforced concrete on the support of the pillars according to the end configuration in the shape of a fishtail, all of the above on the basis of the in situ composite beam with suspension or with a prefabricated reinforced and prestressed concrete footing, made in accordance with the object of the invention.
Figure 15.: Shows a longitudinal side elevation view of the beam, individually reinforced at the workshop, where applicable, using the basic standard reinforcement, which is installed with corrugated reinforcement bars, for positive bending moments of the span, made in accordance with the object of the invention.
Figure 16.: Shows a longitudinal side elevation view of each beam individually reinforced at the workshop, where applicable, with its corresponding reinforcement bars for bending moments of the span, stacked vertically with the beams inserted into each other, for their manufacturing, storage and transport to the works.
Figure 17.: Shows a longitudinal side elevation view of the reinforcement of the electrowelded connectors, wherein three types of connectors can be seen inclined and installed in different ways, where applicable, mass producing the reinforcement with the chosen type of connector, with the left side corresponding to the part installed on the support of the pillar, while on the right side it inclines in the direction towards the centre of the span of the beam, made in accordance with the object of the invention.
Figure 18.: Shows a longitudinal side elevation view of the reinforcement of the electrowelded connectors, where the upper hanger can be seen, with the reinforcement being manufactured without said hanger and using an inclined connector finishing at its upper end in the shape of an anchoring hook, also showing a distribution of the separation between connectors, all of the above made in accordance with the object of the invention.
Figure 19.: Shows a longitudinal side elevation view of the beam, totally reinforced, where applicable, having installed by way of orientation, the additional reinforcements of cutting efforts, showing on the left end the type of inclined connectors and on the right end the type of double (or single) triangular latticework, while the central span has corrugated bars installed to reinforce positive bending moments, all of the above made in accordance with the object of the invention.
Figure 20.: Shows an elevation or cross-section view of the reinforcement of electrowelded connectors, using the type of selected connector, all of the above made in accordance with the object of the invention.
Figure 21.: Shows a front elevation view of the basic standard reinforcements packaged for their manufacturing, storage, and transported, stacked vertically inserted into each other.
Figure 22.: Shows a front elevation view of each beam individually reinforced at the workshop, where applicable, with its corresponding reinforcements of corrugated bars for bending moments of the span, stacked vertically inserted into each other, for their manufacturing, storage and transport to the works.
Figure 23.: Shows a longitudinal side elevation view of the basic traditional standard market prefabricated reinforcement, of double (or single) triangular electrowelded latticework, for optional use, in accordance with the object of the invention.
Figure 24.: Shows a longitudinal side elevation view of each individual beam reinforced at the workshop, where applicable, using the basic standard reinforcement on which corrugated bar reinforcements are installed for positive bending moments of the span, made in accordance with the object of the invention.
Figure 25.: Shows a cross-section view through the central zone of the in situ flat composite beam, using the standard basic reinforcement of double triangular latticework, reinforced where applicable with its corresponding reinforcements for positive bending moments, all of the above made in accordance with the object of the invention.
Figure 26.: Shows an elevation view or cross-section of the basic standard double triangular electrowelded latticework reinforcement wherefrom the in situ mixed flat composite beam is produced.
Figure 27.: Shows a front elevation view of the basic standard double triangular electrowelded latticework reinforcement packaged for its manufacture, storage and transport, piled vertically and inserted on top of each other.
Figure 28.: Shows a cross-section view of the double latticework reinforcement, through the centre of the vane, reinforced at the workshop and reinforced, where applicable, with corrugated bars for positive bending moments of the span, fixed with welding, as another way of realizing the object of the invention.
Figure 29.: Finally, shows a front elevation view of each beam individually reinforced at the workshop, where applicable, with its corresponding corrugated bar reinforcements for bending moments of the span, stacked vertically and inserted on top of each other for manufacturing, storage and transport to the works.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

In view of the identified figures and in relation to figures 1, 2 and 3, it can be observed how the basic reinforcement, wherefrom the reinforcement of the in situ mixed flat composite beam is produced, comprises one or two corrugated bars (1), on which stirrups (2) are fixed, and on the upper part of the latter, bars (3) are fixed, leaving these positioned horizontally, all of the above duly electrowelded. The thus constituted reinforcement shown in figures 1 and 2, will cover several beam spans, making continuity in the corresponding pillars (4) at any point of the beam by installing the next beam, supporting it in an embedded way in said pillars (4), which will additionally support the shuttering (5) with its widened zones (5') on the pillars (4) themselves, leaving the shuttering duly shored and supporting the unidirectional resistant joists (6) that can present any configuration, complementing said joists (6) with reinforcements (7) for negative bending moments, and in specific cases with other different reinforcements (7'). On said semi-resistant joists (6) the concrete arch sections are installed (8) which are hollow and open laterally, except for those that are adjacent to the beam's main reinforcement, which are fixed and closed on the corresponding side. Both the joists (6) and the arch sections themselves (8) are separated from the main reinforcement, constituting the beam core (9). As for the abovementioned pillars (4), they have their corresponding reinforcements (10), based on corrugated rods while certain joists (6) are equipped with the type of double electrowelded latticework (7') reinforcement as mentioned earlier.
In figure 4, we can see the cross-section of the reinforcement of the duly reinforced central zone, including its corresponding reinforcements (11).
For its part, figure 5 shows a cross-section view of the reinforcement corresponding to the end zones, including the reinforcement (12), inclined connectors for cutting reinforcements, as shown in figure 3, with complementary reinforcements of the reinforcements that form the stirrups.
Figure 6 shows a cross-section of the reinforcement of the end zones duly reinforced with double latticework reinforcements (12'), for cutting efforts, as complementary reinforcements of the reinforcements or stirrups (2).
Figure 7 corresponds to a cross-section of the central zone of the mixed flat composite beam made in situ produced through the basic reinforcement represented in the preceding figures, from which we can see how the reinforcement bars (11) are situated on each side of the corrugated bars (1) of the basic reinforcement, complemented with the U-shaped stirrups (2), as well as the upper bar reinforcements (3), the semi-resistant joists (6), the arch sections (8), the bar reinforcement that forms the upper hanger (16), and the beam core formed by the concrete (9) with the latter also determining the compressor layer (13) with the reinforcement (7) based on corrugated bars installed on the upper part for negative bending moments of the forging. In said figure 7, the formation of cross-ribs (14) of reinforced concrete with corrugated bars (15) is visible situated on the upper and lower part, on the joist (6).
Figure 8 represents the cross-section of the end zone close to the abacus of the same flat composite beam made in situ represented in figure 7, being complemented with the bracing of a mixed electrowelded prefabricated reinforcement (12) of inclined connectors to increase the cutting effort, with it being possible to see in this figure an upper hanger (16) supported on the arch sections (8) to allow suspension of the reinforcement, thus leaving sufficient concrete covering on its lower part. In this figure 8, we can likewise see the reinforcements (7).
The common flat compressor layer (13) with the concrete cross-ribs (14) at regular intervals, also presents reinforcement bars (15), duly stirruped, to prevent the appearance of longitudinal fissures or cracks in the direction parallel to the joists, both on the upper and lower face, all of the above concreted throughout the forging's entire height, with the particularity of its concrete ribs (14) being arranged between the arch sections (8), acting as a resistant element of distribution between the beams as a consequence of the actions of sporadic loads on the plate of the forging, providing an increase in the resistant capacity for the forging's transversal rigidity, in order to withstand alternative traction and compression efforts, both on the lower and upper face, produced by alternating positive and negative bending moments and transversal torsions of the forging over the joists.
Figure 9 shows a cross-section such as the one of the preceding figure with the bracing of a traditional reinforcement (12') prefabricated and adapted of double triangular electrowelded latticework, to increase the cutting effort, including equally the hanger (16) for the reinforcement's suspension, the upper reinforcement (7) and reinforcements (11).
Figure 10 corresponds to a cross-section of the end zone of the span, with the abacus (17) being visible on the support on the pillar (4), of the same in situ flat composite beam, specifically the one represented in figure 8, reinforced with the same reinforcement (12) inserted above, corrugated rods of beam negatives (18) that can equally be seen in figure 3, with it being possible to use this reinforcement of connectors in the in situ joists of the slab.
Figure 11 represents a cross-section such as the one of figure 8 but including as well as the reinforcement (12) other reinforcements (12') inverted in relation to the preceding ones, with a view to increasing the cutting effort.
Figure 12 shows a plan view of the detail corresponding to the abacus (17), the beam core (9), as well as the pillar (4) and the reinforcements (10) of the latter.
Figure 13 shows a cross-section of the central zone of the in situ composite beam or with prefabricated reinforced and prestressed concrete footing, wherein the suspension (9') as well as the rest of the elements that correspond to the ones of figure 7 can be seen.
Figure 14 shows another plan view of the detail corresponding to the abacus (17), the core (19) and the suspension (9') of the beam, equally showing the pillar (4) and its reinforcements (10).
Figure 15 shows a longitudinal elevation view of the basic reinforcement of stirrups with the incorporation of an additional reinforcement (11), in other words corresponding to what is shown in figure 1 with the addition of the lower reinforcement (11).
Figure 16 shows an longitudinal elevation view of the additional reinforcement (12), with the connectors of different types and different types of installation electrowelded, showing connectors (21) with a configuration and a specific way of installation and fixing, connectors (22) with another configuration and different method of installation, connectors (23) with a different type of installation, and connectors (25) with a different configuration and method of installation to the ones referred to before. In this figure 17, as well as in the cross-section view for the zone corresponding to the foot (24), whose detail in section corresponds to figure 20, we can see how the connector (21) in each case is welded through a lower prolongation or foot to the corrugation (19), fixation that is made through welding beads (26) and (28) while on the upper part this type of connector (21) is fixed to the upper rod (20) or corrugated bar through a weld bead (27).
In the same figure 17, it is possible to see the fixings through weld beads (29) of the connectors (22) and (25) to the lower bar (19).
Figure 18 shows a longitudinal elevation view of the reinforcement of connectors, representing as a guideline the distribution of the separation between connectors (21) which, where applicable, would be connectors (22), (23) and (25) corresponding to figure 17. This figure likewise shows the angle of crack (30) that corresponds to the oblique compression connecting rod, placing the connectors (21) orthogonally to said crack (30).
Figure 19 shows a longitudinal elevation view of the reinforcement of an individual beam, totally reinforced with reinforcements (11) for positive bending moments of the span, as well as cutting efforts, as a guideline, to the left with connectors (12) and to the right with double (or single) latticework connectors (12').
The open arrangement of the U-shaped stirrups (2) with a slightly greater extension or width in the upper part than in the lower part, allows the reinforcements to be stacked vertically inserted within each other, as shown in figure 21, making it possible to store a large number of beam reinforcements and transporting them in lorries up to the maximum authorized load.
Figure 22 shows the stacking of the previously referred to reinforcement, in other words those corresponding to figure 21, but incorporating the reinforcements (11) situated on the inside of the stirrups (2) making the installation of said reinforcements (11) directly at the works, when the basic reinforcements are already installed on the shuttering of the beam spans, and at the workshop on the basic reinforcement of each beam individually, making it possible to store a large number of reinforced beams and being able to transport them in lorries up to the maximum authorized load.
As for the fixing of the connectors (21), (22), (23) and (25) it can be done on one or both sides of the lower corrugated bar (19), as shown in figure 17, always using welds (26), (28), with the particularity of the connectors (22), (23) and (25) presenting a rounded edge determining an anchoring hook that makes it possible to suppress the hanger that constitutes the upper bar (20).
The optimum inclination of said connectors (21), (22), (23) and (25) must form with the horizontal, will be 67°, with an angle of inclination of the crack of 20°, which is taken into account to determine the mechanical capability of the connecting rod to oblique compression with an angle of 23°.
In figure 23, we can se a longitudinal elevation view of a basic standard double (or single) latticework (2) reinforcement, with a pair of lower corrugated bars (1), although the longitudinal view only shows one of them, and an upper corrugated bar (3) with the cross-section of this reinforcement being shown in figure 26.
As for figure 24, it shows the same reinforcement as that of figure 23 but incorporating the reinforcements constituted by the corrugated bars (11), fixed through welding at the workshop.
Figure 25 shows a cross-section view of the central flat mixed composite beam made in situ produced from the basic standard reinforcement represented in figures 23 and 24, from which can be seen the arrangement of the bars corresponding to the reinforcements (11) and other elements that correspond to the ones shown in figure 7.
Figure 26 shows a cross-section view of the basic standard double latticework reinforcement represented in figure 23, wherein the lower bars (1) and upper bar (3) are joined by the latticework (2') duly electrowelded automatically.
Figure 27 shows a front elevation view of various basic double latticework reinforcements such as the ones shown in figure 23, stacked vertically and mounted on top of each other, packaged for their manufacturing, storage and transport to the works.
Figure 28 shows the same detail in section as that of figure 26 but with the lower reinforcements (11) fixed by welding, while figure 29 corresponds to the stacking represented in figure 27 but with the reinforcements given the lower reinforcements (11) meaning that figure 28 corresponds to the cross-section view of figure 24 whereas figure 29 corresponds to the stacking of beams such as the ones represented in the figures 24 and 28 described above.

Claims

System for building floors consisting of unidirectional and bi-directional flat forgings that being applicable for those building systems based on the formation of flat composite beams with suspension, made in situ, supported on pillars and joists in situ, semi-resistant unidirectional, supported on the corresponding shuttering duly shored completed with arch sections, cross-ribs and other necessary reinforcement elements to produce resistant mechanical capability for its utilisation, is characterised in that the corresponding basic reinforcement allows it to be mass produced or in a standardized fashion and is made through electrowelding (or by another method of solid joint) with automatic control of manufacturing, is constituted from one or two corrugated bars (1) (or other type of bars) reinforced with stirrups with a U-shaped opening on the top part, with the upper part of the stirrups being complemented with corrugated bars (2) (or other type of bar) with the installation of corrugated bars (3) (or other type of bars) duly electrowelded (or by any other means of solid joint) and with or without bracing of reinforcements with corrugated bars (11) (or other type of bars) to increase the mechanical capability resistant to bending moments of the span, as well as additional reinforcement (12) and/or (12') (or like any other type of reinforcement for this purpose), to increase the mechanical capability resistant to tangential cutting and shearing efforts, both on the flat composite beams made in situ and with suspension in situ, or with prefabricated reinforced and prestressed concrete footing, and for the component of the in situ joists of the forging.
System for building floors consisting of unidirectional and bi-directional flat forgings, according to claim 1, characterized in that as an option the basic electrowelded reinforcement (or any other type of solid joint) with automatic control of manufacturing, formed by corrugated bars (1) (or other type of bars) in the lower part and the corrugated bars (3) (or other type of bars) in the upper part, may be replaced by an electrowelded reinforcement of double (or single) continuous latticework (2') of standard manufacture in the market, wherein the corrugated bars (1) (or other type of bars) and the lower part, are installed on both sides of the external part, and the corrugated bar (3) (or other type of bar) of the upper part is installed in the inside part between the two heads of the double (or single) latticework (2') making it possible to produce beams with a very narrow core (9) width, with sufficient capacity to withstand the tangential cutting and shearing efforts as well as those of oblique compression of the connecting rod.
System for building floors consisting of unidirectional and bi-directional flat forgings, according to claim 1, characterized in that the basic reinforcement consisting of stirrups and horizontal bars, corrugated bars (or other type of bars), has a U-shaped opening on the top part, presenting a wider upper part than lower part, making it possible to easily stack these reinforcements vertically inserted within each other, facilitating storage of a large number of beam reinforcements and being able to transport them easily in lorries up to the maximum authorized load.
System for building floors consisting of unidirectional and bi-directional flat forgings, according to claim 1, characterized in that the corrugated bars (3) (or other type of bars) that make up the basic reinforcement, are installed in the upper part and horizontally on both sides of the external part of the stirrups (2) making it possible to easily stack these reinforcement vertically inserted within each other facilitating storage of a large amount of beam reinforcements and being able to transport them easily in lorries up to the maximum authorized load.
System for building floors consisting of unidirectional and bi-directional flat forgings, according to claim 1, characterized in that the basic standard reinforcement, open at its top end, allows easy incorporation in its lower end of reinforcements consisting of corrugated bars (11) (or other type of bars) to increase the mechanical capability of resistance to bending moments, that can be mounted directly at the works when the basic reinforcements are installed on the shuttering of the beam spans, or at the workshop on the basic reinforcement of each beam individually or continuously of several spans; without its incorporation preventing easy stacking of said reinforcements vertically inserted within each other, facilitating storage of a large number of beam reinforcements and being able to transport them easily in lorries up to the maximum authorized load.
System for building floors consisting of unidirectional and bi-directional flat forgings, according to claim 1, characterized in that the basic standard reinforcement, open at its upper end, allows easy incorporation in its interior of reinforcements constituted by other reinforcements (12) and/or (12') (or any other type of reinforcement for this purpose), to increase the mechanical capability of resistance to tangential cutting and shearing efforts, which are directly installed at the works when the basic reinforcements are installed on the shuttering of the beam spans.
System for building floors consisting of unidirectional and bi-directional flat forgings, according to claim 1 and 6, characterized in that the additional reinforcement (12) to increase the mechanical capability of resistance to tangential cutting and shearing efforts, is formed with connectors of corrugated bars (or other type of bars) of diverse types (21), (22), (23), and (25) and diverse methods of installation electrowelded (or any other method of solid joint) to the lower horizontal corrugated bar (19) (or other type of bar), both in flat composite beams made in situ, and for the component of the joists in situ of the forging.
System for building floors consisting of unidirectional and bi-directional flat forgings, according to claim 1 and 6, characterized in that the additional reinforcement (12) to increase the mechanical capability of resistance to tangential cutting and shearing efforts, is formed by a double (or single) latticework (2') of standard manufacture in the market, electrowelded to its lower horizontal corrugated bars (1) and upper (3) (or other type of bars) with the particularity of the electrowelded or solid joint of the latticework (2') with the lower horizontal corrugated bars (1) (or other type of bars) having to be resistant joints to withstand the transmission of the traction effort of the latticework rods (2') to the lower horizontal corrugated bars (1) (or other type of bars) so that the latticework acts as a connector, maintaining an equilibrium of the vector forces, in such a way that the welding joint is not torn by the last limit tangential efforts, both in the flat composite beams made in situ and for the component of the in situ joists of the forging.
System for building floors consisting of unidirectional and bi-directional flat forgings, according to claim 7, characterized in that the corrugated bar connectors (21), (22) and (23) (or other type of bar) with inclined position, at their lower part join with the horizontal corrugated bar (19) (or other type of bar) forming a resistant node through electrowelding (or any other method of solid joint), the connectors (21), (22) and (23) present on their lower end a termination in a horizontal prolongation (24), that determines a foot through which the resistant weld (26 and 28) of root joint connected on the lower horizontal corrugated bar (19) (or other type of bar), either mounted on it or situated on both sides of said bar (19) to ensure the mechanical capability of the connectors acting as oblique traction connecting rods, plus the mechanical capability of the lower horizontal bar (19) for its effect of horizontal pin of the seam of cutting cracks, all of the above in equilibrium with the oblique compression connecting rod, cracks that start opening in the lower part of the beam, near the supports, both on flat composite beams made in situ, and for the component of the in situ joists of the forging.
System for building floors consisting of unidirectional and bi-directional flat forgings, according to claim 7, characterized in that the connectors type (21) are fixed by their upper part to the corrugated bar (20) (or other type of bar) through welding (27) (or other type of solid joint); with the particularity that the connectors (22) and (23) of the same type as (21) present an arched configuration in the shape of an anchoring hook, with which it is achieved to suppress the upper bar (20) and the weld (27), both in flat composite beams made in situ and for the component of the in situ joists of the forging.
System for building floors consisting of unidirectional and bi-directional flat forgings, according to claim 7, characterized in that the connectors type (25) present on both their lower ends and their upper part the arched configuration in the shape of an anchoring hook, leaving the lower part fixed to the horizontal corrugated bar (19) (or other type of bar), made through resistant welding (or other type of solid joint) of root joint connected on the lower horizontal corrugated bar (19) (or other type of bar) either mounted on it or situated on both sides of said bar (19) to ensure the mechanical capability of the connectors acting as oblique compression connecting rods, plus the mechanical capability of the lower horizontal bar (19) for its effect of horizontal pin of the seam of cutting cracks, all of the above in equilibrium with the oblique compression connecting rod, cracks that start opening in the lower part of the beam, near the supports, both on flat composite beams made in situ, and for the component of the in situ joists of the forging.
System for building floors consisting of unidirectional and bi-directional flat forgings, according to claims 9, 10 and 11, characterized in that the connectors (21), (22), (23) and (25) form an optimized angle of 67° with the horizontal, acting as an oblique traction connecting rod, with this inclination being the orthogonal of the crack angle (30) of 23° (resulting in an angle of 20° in the tests performed as part of the Research Project), corresponding to the oblique compression connecting rod with which the maximum limit of mechanical capability resistant to the tangential cutting and shearing efforts is produced, with the application of the rule of crack seams, balanced with oblique compression, both in the flat composite beams made in situ, and for the component of the in situ joists of the forging.
System for building floors consisting of unidirectional and bi-directional flat forgings, according to claims 1, 10 and 11, characterized in that corrugated bars (16) (or other type of bars) supported on the arch sections (8) are used as a pin in the way of a hanger, to hang the beam's reinforcement, supporting the upper corrugated bars (3) (or other type of bars), and the upper anchoring hooks of the connectors, over said corrugated bar (16) (or other type of bar), thus leaving the beam's reinforcement sufficiently raised above the base of the shuttering so that the lower covering is sufficiently thick when the structural concreting is made in situ. With this determination the separating wedges supported on the shuttering are eliminated as well as the laborious task of installing these wedges on the shuttering and leaving fixed underneath the bars of the beam's reinforcement, ensuring the necessary covering established by the Instruction of the Structural Reinforced Concrete Regulations.
System for building floors consisting of unidirectional and bi-directional flat forgings, according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the basic standard manufacture reinforcements can easily reach lengths of 12.00, 12.80, and 13.40 metres making it easy to stack these reinforcements vertically inserted within each other facilitating storage of a large number of beam reinforcements and also making it possible to transport them in trailer trucks up to the maximum authorized load without the need for special permits; as well as easy installation at the works; since this basic standard manufacture reinforcement will cover several beam spans making continuity at any point of the beam by installing the next reinforcement providing sufficient overlap with the preceding reinforcement.