US1938491A - Structural units for steel frame buildings and the like - Google Patents

Description

R. E. M MILLAN Dec. 5, 1933.

STRUCTURAL UNITS FOR STEEL FRAME BUILDINGS AND THE LIKE FiledMay 12, 1933 2 Sheets-Sheet l M VE/WvIP 6%! W 2% a an, a

Dec. 5, 1933.

R. E. MCMILLAN 1,938,491

STRUCTURAL UNITS FOR STEEL FRAME BUILDINGS AND THE LIKE Filed May 12, 1933 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 FIG-6.

MIME/V70? WWW Patented Dec. 5, 1933 UNITED STATES STRUCTURAL ,UNITS F013,, s'r FRAME BUILDINGS AND THE LIKE Robert Edward McMillan, Arema, Australia Application May 12, 1933, Serial No. 670,719%,

g and in Australia May 11, 1932 4 Claims.- (Cl. 72-131) This invention relates to improvements in structural units for use in steel frame buildings or composite steel frame and bearing wall buildings and the like. It has been devised particub larly for use in girders between structural steel stanchions of riveted or welded types.

The present invention was devised in order to obtain the advantages inherent in the use of reinforced concrete for beams and girders, and still retain the advantages inherent in the construction methods peculiar to the use of steel beams with steel stanchions built into a framework.

The advantages in the use of reinforced concrete for beams are mainly: that continuity may easily be obtained; that part of the floor slab is utilized to form a T beam; and that, whereas in steel frame construction the fireproof casing of the steel beam is not able to be regarded as increasing the strength of the beam-in reinforced ill concrete construction the whole section is regarded as contributing to the beam strength.

main advantages in the use of steel beam and stanchion construction are that the stanis kept to a conveniently small size and that Ed the steel framework can be erected as a whole before any concreting is done on the job, thus giving the advantage of speed in construction.-

The present invention combines these advantimes in that the framework can be built up independently of the concreting work, whilst, in the finished job, the beams are actually of reinforced concrete construction and are designed as such in the first place, and the stanchions, being of steel, are small in overall size. A more specific object of the invention is to previde a beam comprising a plurality of longitiidinal top members and a plurality of longitudinal bottern members all held together at a predetermined distance apart by means of stirrups wired and/or Welded to both the top and bottom members, the longitudinal top members being straight throughout their length and the bottom members being either straight throughout their length, or some of the bottom members being straight throughout their length and others bent up at one or both ends. 7

One main object of this invention is to provide meanswhereby the stresses in the top and bottom members may be transferred to the stanchions into which they frame or between and to which they are secured.

An additional object of the invention is to protilde a skeleton beam which will be simple and inexpensive to build up, lightin weight, easy to install or position, which will constitute adequate reinforcement when embedded in concrete, and which will in every respect be a general improve ment in the art.

To the attainment of the foregoing and other objects and advantages, the invention preferabh consists in the details of constructionand the arrangement and combination of parts to be hereinafter more fully described and claimed, and illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which:

Figure 1 is a sectional perspective view illustrating one embodiment of the invention,

. Figure 1a is a central vertical-cross section therethrough, s

Figure 2 is a sectional or broken away perspective view illustrating a modification,

Figure 3 is a fragmentary perspective view illustrating one end of the first type of beam and with a slight variation in the vertical load sustaining means,

Figure 4 is a vertical cross sectional view show- 7 ing the use of additional reinforcing means through the floor slab,

Figure 5 is a view looking down on what is shown in Figure 4, the view being taken on the line yy thereof,

Figure 6 is a side elevation of one end portion of a beam of slightly modified form,

Figure 7 is a central cross sectional view taken vertically the'rethrough, v

Figure 8 is an elevation of one convenient type of wedge or filler,

Figure 9 is an end elevation thereof,

Figure 10 is a fragmentary detail view illustrating a different means for supporting the bottom members of the beam, and

Figure 11 is a similar view showing still another variation.

Referring more particularly to the drawings, the letter S designates the uprights, columns or stanchions between which is mounted any one 9 of the skeleton beams shown in the various figures of the drawings and constituting my invention. In each instance the beam comprises rows of upper and lower longitudinally extending members a and b, respectively, bound together at spaced intervals by stirrups d which are not necessarily vertical though so shown, but which are appropriately secured to the members-40f instance wirea nd/o'r Welded thereto as at p. The ends of the members are supported by bracket means secured to the stanchiohs as will be explained.

In the form of the invention shown in Figures 1 and 1 1 also make use or additional mngrmat nal members 0 which are of angular shape, their intermediate portions lying in the same plane with the lower members I) and their ends lying in the same plane with the ends of the upper members a. The stirrups d are secured to the members 0 in the same manner as to a. and b.

For supporting the ends of the upper members a and the angular members 0 I provide brackets e of suitable cross-section secured to the confronting faces of the stanchions such as by welding or for instance as by bolts 7' passing through the side of the stanchions and through holes f in the brackets. The ends of the members a are seated upon the brackets e and welded thereto as shown at w.

For supporting the ends of the lower members b I make use of brackets i riveted or welded to the stanchions, these brackets receiving angle bars 9 to which the ends of the members b are welded. A suitable number of bolts 0 should be provided, passing through holes 0, for securing the angle bars to the brackets. For transferring the compression load on the bottom members to the stanchions, I may provide wedges or fillers h disposed between the angle bars 9 and the stanchions as clearly shown.

The variation disclosed in Figure 2 differs from the above described form in the single particular that the angular members 0 are omitted and compensated for by correspondingly increasing the number of bottom members I) and also by providing relatively short longitudinal members n at the top of the unit, these members being of course secured upon the respective brackets e and within the stirrups. These members 12. may be bent down into the bottom of the unit and run along for some distance parallel with the bottom members.

Figure 3 shows a structure identical with that in Figure 1 with the exception of the provision of an additional angle bracket T on each stanchion, this being a simple expedient I may resort to in cases where it is necessary to have additional means for taking the vertical load of the composite beam, and it is conceivable that the lower brackets i might be insufficient because of the low value of concrete in bearing.

Figures 4 and 5 disclose an arrangement whereby extra tensile steel may be introduced by placing members It in the floor slab, at the sides of the stanchion, parallel to the longitudinal members of the unit. By this means, complete continuity can be obtained, where the steel fastened to the stanchion through c is insuflicient for the purpose. Where stanchion S is an exterior stanchion, the members is can be bent into a U shape about the stanchion, with the legs of the U forming the extra top steel required. 111. is the concrete fioor slab. l are the cross beams framing into S.

Figure 6 gives a side elevation of a unit, in which the bent members are in more than one plane and the bottom longitudinal members in more than one row. In this case, a separator q is used. This is welded to both rows of members.

In Figures 8 and 9 I have illustrated one type of wedge h, in which the ends are cut away, as shown, to leave small projections, which are bolted around the sides of the stanchion to hold the wedge from the possibility of becoming loose.

Figure 10 illustrates an alternative method of transferring the compression stresses in the bottom longitudinal members to the stanchion by welding the said bottom members to a section such as the flat 91, the stresses being transferred to the stanchion by a bead of welding wl.

Figure 11 discloses a further alternative method of transferring the compression stresses from the bottom longitudinal members to the stanchions in which the said bottom members are welded to a member such as the angle 92, said member being welded tothe bracket 2'.

The method of erection, with this type of structural unit, is the same as for an ordinary steel frame building. The fabricated beam is made with definite clearances as in steel construction. The beam is moved into position sideways on to the beam bracket, any rivets on the stanchion likely to interfere being countersunk. The bolts are then passed through the holes provided in the stanchions and screwed up. The wedges or fillers are then driven into place behind the angle bar connected to the bottom longitudtnal members, the beam being lifted up slightly in the centre by a hoist to facilitate the operation, if necessary. The wedges or fillers are then anchored, and the angle bars bolted to the stanchion brackets. v

If the tensile strength, provided in the rivets or bolts connecting the brackets e to which the top members are welded, is insufiicient, such bracket can be welded to the stanchion at any later time.

From the foregoing description and a study of the drawings it will be apparent that I have thus provided a very simple and easily assembled and mounted skeleton beam which will be light in weight and which will yet possess adequate strength as a reinforcement for the necessary concrete. Particular attention might be invited to the provision of the wedge or filler members h which may be introduced between the angle bars 9 and the faces of the stanchions for the purpose of bringing about a thrust against the stanchions upon the application of load to the beam. The thickness of such fillers will of course depend upon circumstances and the very fact of their employment makes it impossible to make proper provision for varying conditions.

While I have shown and described various preferred forms of the invention it should be understood that the right is reserved to make whatever changes constitute no departure from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the claims hereunto appended.

I claim:-

1. In a building structure, upright stanchions,

upper and lower brackets secured upon the confronting sides thereof, and a skeleton beam unit disposed between the stanchions and including a plurality of longitudinal upper members, a plurality of longitudinal lower members, means embracing all of said members as a whole and located at intervals along the length thereof, the ends of the upper members being secured upon the upper brackets, transverse elements secured to the ends of the lower members and mounted upon the lower brackets, and means reacting against said transverse elements and the adjacent stanchions for transferring compression loads to the latter.

2. In a building structure, upright stanchions, upper and lower brackets secured upon the confronting sides thereof, and a skeleton beam unit disposed between the stanchions and including a plurality of longitudinal upper members, a plurality .of longitudinal lower members, means em bracing all of said members as a whole and located at intervals along the length thereof, the

ends of the upper members being secured upon the upper brackets, transverse elements secured to the ends of the lower members and mounted upon the lower brackets, and filler members interposed between said transverse elements and the adjacent stanchions for transferring to the latter compression loads upon the beam.

3. In a building structure, upright stanchions, upper and lower brackets secured upon the confronting sides thereof, and a skeleton beam unit disposed between the stanchions and including a plurality of longitudinal upper members, a plurality of longitudinal lower members, means embracing all of said members as a whole and located at intervals along the length thereof, the ends of the upper members being secured upon the upper brackets, transverse elements secured to the ends of the lower members and mounted upon the lower brackets, means reacting against said transverse elements and the adjacent stanchions for transferring compression loads to the latter, and additional longitudinal members located at the sides of the beam and embracing the stanchions.

4. In a building structure, upright stanchions,

upper and lower brackets secured upon the confronting sides thereof, and a skeleton beam unit disposed between the stanchions and including a plurality of longitudinal upper members, a plurality of longitudinal lower members, means embracing all of said members as a whole and located at intervals along the length thereof, the ends of the upper members being secured upon the upper brackets, transverse elements secured to the ends of the lower members and mounted upon the lower brackets, means reacting against said transverse elements and the adjacent stanchions for transferring compression loads to the latter, and additional longitudinal members located at the sides of the beam and embracing the stanchions, said additional longitudinal members being connected by bight portions extending about the exterior stanchions.

' R. E. McMJLLAN.

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