Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
  • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
  • G01N1/40—Concentrating samples
  • G01N1/4077—Concentrating samples by other techniques involving separation of suspended solids
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
  • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
  • B01D63/08—Flat membrane modules
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
  • B01D69/10—Supported membranes; Membrane supports
  • B01D69/107—Organic support material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
  • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
  • B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
  • B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
  • B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
  • B01L3/502715—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by interfacing components, e.g. fluidic, electrical, optical or mechanical interfaces
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
  • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
  • G01N33/483—Physical analysis of biological material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
  • B01L2200/00—Solutions for specific problems relating to chemical or physical laboratory apparatus
  • B01L2200/02—Adapting objects or devices to another
  • B01L2200/026—Fluid interfacing between devices or objects, e.g. connectors, inlet details
  • B01L2200/027—Fluid interfacing between devices or objects, e.g. connectors, inlet details for microfluidic devices
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
  • B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
  • B01L2300/06—Auxiliary integrated devices, integrated components
  • B01L2300/0681—Filter
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
  • B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
  • B01L2300/08—Geometry, shape and general structure
  • B01L2300/0809—Geometry, shape and general structure rectangular shaped
  • B01L2300/0822—Slides
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
  • B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
  • B01L2300/08—Geometry, shape and general structure
  • B01L2300/0861—Configuration of multiple channels and/or chambers in a single devices
  • B01L2300/0864—Configuration of multiple channels and/or chambers in a single devices comprising only one inlet and multiple receiving wells, e.g. for separation, splitting
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
  • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
  • B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
  • B01L3/508—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes rigid containers not provided for above
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
  • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
  • G01N1/40—Concentrating samples
  • G01N1/4077—Concentrating samples by other techniques involving separation of suspended solids
  • G01N2001/4088—Concentrating samples by other techniques involving separation of suspended solids filtration

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an arrangement for the filtration of a liquid comprising a support, a filter membrane and a support body, wherein the support body is arranged and / or trained in a recess of the carrier. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for filtering fluids with the assembly and to a use for microscopic examination of the residue remaining on the filter membrane.
• Microscopy is a widely used method in ana ⁇ lytics. It is an indispensable tool for characterizing tissue and cells, especially in the life sciences. As an "interface" between the medium to be examined and the imaging components of a microscope, the slide has become established.
• this is a glass plate of 26 by 76 mm (ISO 8255-2) and a thickness of 1 to 1.5 mm.
• the objects are applied, for example, in a thin layer on the slide and can be covered with a coverslip, which is usually 18 times 18 mm in size and 0.16 mm thick.
• Objects are eg tissue sections, which are surrounded by a liquid film.
• Filtration technology is also a widely used technique, particularly for separating solids of different sizes from one another and / or from liquids.
• the filter residue is examined micro-scopically ⁇ after the filtration process.
• the filter medium eg the filter membrane
• the filter medium must be removed from the filtration device and placed on the slide.
• This process requires in particular with thin filter membranes, for example, with filter membranes with a thickness of 10 ym and a diameter of 25 mm, high experimental skill and is very time ⁇ consuming and error prone, which is associated in practice with higher costs of a test procedure.
• a standardization in the way is a view to ensuring a quality standards, it ⁇ difficult by manual interaction.
• Known problems in manual interaction include the partial destruction of the filter membrane and the accumulation of air bubbles between the filter membrane and the slide, making subsequent microscopy difficult.
• the object of the present invention is therefore to provide an arrangement and a method for the filtration of liquids, which can be used in standard methods with high quality and are simple in construction, easy to handle as well as inexpensive.
• the arrangement should be able to be used in standard devices with standard holders in order, for example, to be able to carry out light microscopic or fluorescence microscopic examinations simply and cheaply on the filtration residue as standard.
• the stated object is with respect to the arrangement for Filt ⁇ ration of a liquid with the features of claim 1, with respect to the method for the filtration of a liquid with the arrangement having the features of claim 11 and bezüg ⁇ Lich the use of the arrangement and the method having the features of claim 14.
• the inventive arrangement for filtration of a liquid ⁇ ness or suspension comprises a support, a filtering membrane and a support body.
• the support body is arranged and / or formed in a recess of the carrier.
• the filter membrane is arranged flat and / or flat on the support body. Plan in this context means that the filter membrane is arranged in a flat surface without any mountain and valley-like elevations.
• the inventive structure of the arrangement makes it possible to apply a thin filter membrane as a filter on a carrier with standard shape.
• the support body provides mechanical support to the filter membrane during filtration, allowing filtering of large quantities of fluid in a timely manner.
• the filter membrane can be made so thin without tearing when filtering large amounts of liquid at a high flow rate.
• Filter membrane which can be made only very thin formed, are, for example, by particle bombardment of films produced filter membrane with well-defined through-pores or holes. A good support with the help of the support body through many evenly distributed support points is essential for the use of such filter membrane as a filter.
• the carrier may be a slide especially for microscopy, which is made of glass or plastic, in particular polycarbonate. Both materials are cost-effective and easy to process and transparent in the visible range of light ⁇ ren.
• the support body can be structured, in particular porous. The structure determines the number of support points for the filter membrane and allows the drainage of filtered liquid after flow through the filter membrane.
• the support body may be formed of plastic, in particular polycarbonate, or of a ceramic. Plastic is easy to organize and can be found for example in injection molding technology inexpensive and simple structured ago ⁇ . Ceramics are easily porous with defined pore size inexpensive to produce.
• the use of a slide as a support for the filter membrane allows easy handling and use in Standardgerä ⁇ th. Slides of glass or plastic are very stable, both mechanically and chemically, which is for the treatment of a filtration residue, for example, before a microscopic
• the support may have a thickness in the range of 1 to 1.5 mm, and a length in the range of 75 to 76 mm and a width in the range of 25 to 26 mm.
• the filter membrane may have a thickness in the range of 1 to 20 ⁇ m, preferably in the range of 10 ⁇ m, and a diameter in the range of 25 mm. With these dimensions, the carriers are well-suited for use in most commonly used holders of standard slides. A good support is guaranteed without slipping during an examination. Filter membranes of the indicated dimensions are easy to produce, e.g. by particle bombardment, and are able to flat on one well
• Carrier to be arranged They have sufficient stability in conjunction with the support body, in order to achieve good filter action at high flow rates of fluids through the Filter membrane can not be torn or damaged in any other way.
• the recess in the carrier may be the same size as the support body. As a result, a good hold of the support body in the carrier is made possible or the support body can be made integrally from the carrier material.
• a permanently stable arrangement is given.
• the support body may be formed circular and the filter membrane may also be formed circular. This facilitates the on ⁇ use in systems with a circular inlet pipe and a circular drain pipe for fluids.
• a round configuration facilitates microscopy wei ⁇ terhin because the entire circular area in the field of view of the microscope can be optically resolved.
• the use in a circular flow chamber is thereby also supported, this embodiment having advantages in terms of laminar flow and good cleaning capabilities.
• the carrier and the support body may be integrally formed of a body as described above.
• the filter membrane may be fastened in its edge region on the carrier, wherein the filter membrane completely covers the recess in the carrier and in particular rests flat on the supporting body in the region of the recess. In the edge region, the filter membrane can be welded to the carrier. As a result of the completely covering formation of the filter membrane, complete filtering of the liquid is possible without unfiltered liquid passing through edge regions of the recess. A good attachment, which may be liquid-tight, is given by welding the filter membrane to the carrier.
• the support body may comprise channels formed on a side facing the filter membrane, which are formed in fluidic contact with the filter membrane.
• the support body may in particular comprise channels, which are formed radiating out of ei ⁇ nem central region of the support body in the direction of the support or in the direction of the edge region of the filter membrane, which is below in the direction of carrier, with.
• the number of channels in the direction of the carrier seen from a center of the support body can be increasingly formed, in particular with an increase in the number of channels with the square of the distance from the center ⁇ point of the support body. This results in a high and uniform surface density of channels on the surface of the
• Support body which is covered by the filter membrane.
• the support body may have on circular paths formed channels which connect the radial channels flui ⁇ disch each other.
• An arrangement of star-shaped and circular channels allows for good drainage of filtered liquid away from the filter membrane.
• the network of circular channels and star-shaped channels enables a high surface density of channels on the surface of the support body and the minimization of support surface without channels.
• the channels can be formed with a depth and / or width, or Ka ⁇ nalqueritess formula which increases from a central region of the support body in the direction of the carrier towards. This has the same effect and supports the Ef fect ⁇ which is obtained by the previously described increase in the number of channels from the central region of the support body towards the edge region.
• the cross sections of the ducts ⁇ Ka or its channel cross-sectional areas can use the quad rat of the distance from the central region of or from a
• the cross section or the area the cross-section is proportional to the square of the distance r from the center of the support body or the support body surface and in particular thus also the filter membrane surface.
• the increase of the channel cross-sectional areas can also be greater than the square of the distance r.
• the center of the membrane surface or membrane is the same as the center of the support body surface or the Stützkör ⁇ pers.
• the full name of the channel cross-sections with the distance from the center of the supporting body from, allows ungehin ⁇ engineered outflow of filtered fluid in the direction of the edge region of the filter seen from its center, wherein in the edge region more liquid flows through the filter than in the central area on Reason for the larger area and the coming from the central area forth fluid.
• drain openings for Flu ⁇ ide may be formed in the support body and / or in the carrier by the thickness of the support body and / or the carrier. These may each be fluidly connected to one or more channels.
• Liquid which is collected and transported in the channels can be transported away from the filter membrane via the discharge openings from a front side to a rear side of the carrier.
• the arrangement of the drainage openings in the edge region of the support body make it possible to form the drainage openings with a large or relatively large cross section, without substantially restricting the stability of the filter membrane and the supporting effect of the support body.
• the filter membrane and the support body can form a flat, common area with contact areas or direct mechanical have contact points, hereinafter called contact surface. It can in particular have a paint maxi ⁇ distance from the flat contact surface of less than 100 ym, the filter membrane.
• the flat surface makes it possible to arrange the filtration residue in a flat plane, whereby, for example, in microscopy, good imaging is made possible by good focusing on the filtered objects in the plane.
• the support body may be in the area of contact between the filter membrane and the support body in the form of webs, especially webs of a triangular cross-section (section ent ⁇ long the height of the ridges) having a width at the contact ⁇ points with the filter membrane of be formed less than or equal to 100 ym.
• the webs may also be in the form of columns (rectangular cross section along the height or longitudinal direction of the extension of the columns).
• the formation of the support points with a small width allows a good drainage of the liquid through the filter membrane and a more even distribution of the residue on the filter. Minimizing the area with direct mechanical contact between filter membrane and support body can be achieved with good supportive effect of the support ⁇ who, with an optimum between supporting effect and minimal direct contact, ie good flow and outflow of liquid through and the filter membrane away, arises.
• the filter membrane may be a track etched filter membrane constructed of a polycarbonate film comprising holes of micrometer diameter, in particular 8 ⁇ m, and a hole density of 1% to 80% (as a ratio of perforated area to total area ), in particular a hole density of 10 5 holes per square centimeter.
• Etched filter membrane can be produced with a well-defined Loch press ⁇ diameter with manageable Auffand and have a good mechanical stability at low thickness.
• the arrangement can be thermally stable up to temperatures of 90 ° C. This enables chemical and biochemical processing reitung certain filtration residues before mikroskopi ⁇ rule examination.
• blood may be used as the liquid, in particular blood mixed with lysis buffer for lysis of red blood cells, wherein cells are filtered out of the fluid.
• lysis buffer for lysis of red blood cells
• Cancer or tumor cells are filtered, in particular leucocytes as a filter residue, with no or only little healthy cells are retained as filtration residue from the filter membrane from the fluid.
• a design of the filter membrane as a track etched filter membrane with 8 ym hole size allows a separation of tumor cells from the fluid, without or almost without healthy cells from the filtrate back.
• the particularly uniform formation of channels or the channel network in the support body under the filter membrane allow a good, uniform flow of filtered liquid, in particular uniformly over the entire filter membrane surface. This in turn allows a very even distribution of the filtration residue on the filter membrane surface, i. e.g. Tumor cells so that subsequent microscopic examination and good optical resolution e.g. single cells is enabled.
• the filtration residue can be colored after completion of the filtration. This facilitates the detection of, for example, microscopic examinations of e.g. Tumor cells.
• Support body and / or the carrier allow the Vorberei ⁇ tion of the filtration residue on an investigation such as the disruption of cells and the amplification and labeling of DNA or proteins.
• the use of lysis buffer allows the dissolution of cell walls and a PCR can be used for the duplication of eg DNA.
• a marker can, for example via complementary DNA fragments with a coupled color ⁇ cloth, place, for example methylene blue.
• Lysis red blood cells are dissolved, thus reducing the number of cells to be filtered.
• Leukocytes are not dissolved by lysis and tumor cells, which represent ver ⁇ advisedte cells with up to 20 times the diameter of the diameter of the normal leukocytes can be separated as a filter cake from the healthy leukocytes (filtrate, which passes through the filter membrane) .
• Prepara ⁇ preparation steps to prepare an optical examination of the tumor cells may include very expensive chemical and thermal see steps.
• the arrangement and / or the method can be used for filtering and microscopic examination of the filtration residue, in particular for light microscopic or fluorescence microscopic examination, wherein the extremely flat design of the filter membrane a good and easy focusing on the filtration residue and a good, optical sharp image of the filtration residue he ⁇ allows.
• Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of an inventive arrangement in plan ⁇ SSE comprising a support having a support body and a resting thereon filter membrane,
• Fig. 2 is a schematic sectional view through the in
• FIG. 3 is a detailed schematic view of the support ⁇ body with channels and drain holes
• Fig. 4 is a schematic sectional view through the in
• Fig. 3 illustrated supporting body.
• the inventive arrangement shown in FIG. 1 comprises a carrier 1 and a support body 3, which is arranged in a recess of the carrier 1.
• the carrier 1 is flat in the form of a slide for light microscopy ⁇ formed.
• a surface may be formed as a gripping surface 4 by the surface in this area, for example, roughened.
• Slides typically have a length L in the range of 76 mm and a width B in the range of 26 mm. Alternatively, slides may also have a length in the range of 75 mm and a width in the range of 25 mm.
• a section has long been the length L of the carrier 1, wherein the carrier 1 has a thickness D x .
• a thickness D x in the range of 1 to 1.5 mm.
• a circular sheet-shaped filter membrane 2 is placed flat on a front side For ⁇ te 6 of the support 1 and the support body 3.
• the circular filter membrane 2 has, for example, a diameter of
• the filter membrane 2 is mechanically connected in the edge region 5 with the carrier, for example by welding or gluing. Below the filter membrane 2 of the circular support body 3 is arranged.
• the support body has, for example, a circular diameter 0S in the range of 23 mm and a thickness D x , which corresponds to the thickness of the carrier.
• the Fil ⁇ ter membrane 2 lies flat on the support body 3, wherein deviations from a flat contact surface between the support body 3 and filter membrane 2, for example, can amount to a maximum of 100 ym.
• the support body 2 and the carrier 1 can be formed from an integral body, or the circular support body 3 can be arranged in a completely through the thickness D x Trä ⁇ gers continuous circular recess, in particular mechanically stably connected to the carrier 2.
• a positive contact between the support body 3 and recess of the carrier 1 is advantageous.
• 6 channels 8, 10 are formed in the Oberflä ⁇ surface of the support body 3 on a front side.
• the channels 8, 10 are only indicated in FIG. 1 and not completely drawn ⁇ net.
• a possible pattern of channels 8, 10 in the support body 3 is shown in detail schematically, although for the sake of clarity only with a small number of channels 8, 10.
• the channels 8 are star-shaped from the center 11 of the circular shape of the filter Membrane 2 and the support body 3 extending in the direction of the edge region 5, formed in the surface of the support body 3.
• the number of channels 8 in the direction of the edge 5 increases from the center 11. With an increase of the cross ⁇ section of the channels 8 with the distance r from the center point 11 represents the maximum distance r less than half of the diameter 0S.
• the channel cross-sections or depths in the carrier surface in the direction of the edge 5 can preferably increase quadratically with the distance r from the center 11, or the sum of all on a circumference of a circle with center point 11 and circle radius r (distance r between center point 11 and circumference) lying cross-sectional areas of channels 8, can increase with the square of the distance r.
• the channels 8 terminate in the drain openings 9. Fluid which flows through the filter membrane 2 can, via the channels 8 and the drain openings 9 coming from the front side of the carrier 6, reach the rear 7 of the carrier 1 and be transported away therefrom , A good, uniform flow through the filter membrane 2 and a good filtration of the fluid are possible. In particular, a uniform pressure drop over the entire filter membrane area is achieved.
• the channels 8 are connected by circular channels 10 formed. The circular channels 10 lead to an improved, in particular more uniform fluid flow below the filter membrane 2.
• cross sections and / or number of the channels 10 can increase with increasing distance r from the center 11, in particular with the square of the distance r.
• the sum of the cross sections of the channels 10 and / or the channels 8 with increasing distance r from the center 11 of can take ⁇ analogous to the channels 8, in particular the square of the distance r.
• Supporting body 3 is obtained, for example, if the channels are 8, 10 formed in such a high number and density that shown between Ka ⁇ nälen 8 and / or 10, only the webs 11 as shown in Fig. 4, on the surface of the support body 3 are formed.
• Fig. 4 is a section through that shown in Fig. 3
• a high number and density, and in particular a triangular shape of the webs 13 as shown in FIG. 4, allow minimal direct mechanical contact between the filter membrane 2 and the support body 3 with high mechanical stability of the arrangement.
• a particularly uniform fluid flow over the entire surface of the filter membrane 2, with the exception of the edge region 5, is made possible in this way.
• channels 8, 10 in the surface of the support body be milled.
• the channels 8, 10 may be e.g. be formed by molding or laser machining.
• the drainage openings 9 may e.g. by drilling, milling, laser machining or molding.
• the filter membrane 2 can be made of a film by particle bombardment, in particular as a track etched filter membrane made of a polycarbonate film. In the edge region 5, the filter membrane 2 can be mechanically attached to the support 1, e.g. be attached by gluing or welding.
• a porous layer on the surface of the Support body 3 are formed, which analog channels 8, 10 allows a uniform outflow of a fluid.
• the drain holes can be given by the porosity 9 and channels 8, 10th
• track-etched filter membranes which are formed from a polycarbonate film with a defined hole diameter, makes it possible to use the arrangement according to the invention for filtering eg tumor cells from blood.
• a hole diameter of, for example, 8 ⁇ m
• healthy cells in the blood eg white and red blood cells
• the tumor cells are thus filtered out of the blood and retained in the filter membrane (filtration residue).
• the uniform fluid flow over the area of the filter membrane 2 makes it possible to filter the tumor cells in a mold in which they are substantially uniformly distributed on the filter membrane 2 after filtering. An optical examination of the tumor cells is thus facilitated.
• blood and other liquid ⁇ speeds and gases or solids contained in liquids can be filtered.
• a use of temperature-stable materials for the inventive arrangement allows lysis of cells and a duplication and labeling of eg DNA of the cells on the filter membrane 2.
• the cells themselves, for example specifically colored by a dye.
• An optical, especially optical microscope or fluorescence ⁇ microscopic examination of the filtration residue is thus facilitated.
• the flat, planar design of the filter membrane 2 in a flat, plane plane allows good focussing and imaging of the filtration residue.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Biochemistry (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
• Hematology (AREA)
• Pathology (AREA)
• Immunology (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Biomedical Technology (AREA)
• Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Biophysics (AREA)
• Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
• Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
• Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
• Filtering Materials (AREA)

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• 2010
  • 2010-01-28 DE DE102010001322A patent/DE102010001322A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2011
  • 2011-01-26 KR KR1020127022389A patent/KR20120127475A/ko not_active Abandoned
  • 2011-01-26 EP EP11701813A patent/EP2528686A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2011-01-26 CN CN2011800135465A patent/CN102791378A/zh active Pending
  • 2011-01-26 JP JP2012550426A patent/JP2013517932A/ja not_active Ceased
  • 2011-01-26 US US13/575,651 patent/US20120315664A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2011-01-26 WO PCT/EP2011/051064 patent/WO2011092201A1/de not_active Ceased

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