EP2513981A2 - Verfahren zur herstellung lokal strukturierter halbleiterschichten - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung lokal strukturierter halbleiterschichtenInfo
- Publication number
- EP2513981A2 EP2513981A2 EP10792850A EP10792850A EP2513981A2 EP 2513981 A2 EP2513981 A2 EP 2513981A2 EP 10792850 A EP10792850 A EP 10792850A EP 10792850 A EP10792850 A EP 10792850A EP 2513981 A2 EP2513981 A2 EP 2513981A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- semiconductor
- substrate
- gas
- layer
- deposition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/10—Semiconductor bodies
- H10F77/16—Material structures, e.g. crystalline structures, film structures or crystal plane orientations
- H10F77/169—Thin semiconductor films on metallic or insulating substrates
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F10/00—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells
- H10F10/10—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells having potential barriers
- H10F10/14—Photovoltaic cells having only PN homojunction potential barriers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F19/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules
- H10F19/90—Structures for connecting between photovoltaic cells, e.g. interconnections or insulating spacers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F71/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F71/121—The active layers comprising only Group IV materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F71/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F71/121—The active layers comprising only Group IV materials
- H10F71/1215—The active layers comprising only Group IV materials comprising at least two Group IV elements, e.g. SiGe
- H10F71/1218—The active layers comprising only Group IV materials comprising at least two Group IV elements, e.g. SiGe in microcrystalline form
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F71/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F71/125—The active layers comprising only Group II-VI materials, e.g. CdS, ZnS or CdTe
- H10F71/1257—The active layers comprising only Group II-VI materials, e.g. CdS, ZnS or CdTe comprising growth substrates not made of Group II-VI materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/10—Semiconductor bodies
- H10F77/12—Active materials
- H10F77/123—Active materials comprising only Group II-VI materials, e.g. CdS, ZnS or HgCdTe
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/10—Semiconductor bodies
- H10F77/12—Active materials
- H10F77/126—Active materials comprising only Group I-III-VI chalcopyrite materials, e.g. CuInSe2, CuGaSe2 or CuInGaSe2 [CIGS]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/10—Semiconductor bodies
- H10F77/16—Material structures, e.g. crystalline structures, film structures or crystal plane orientations
- H10F77/169—Thin semiconductor films on metallic or insulating substrates
- H10F77/1696—Thin semiconductor films on metallic or insulating substrates the films including Group II-VI materials, e.g. CdTe or CdS
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/541—CuInSe2 material PV cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/547—Monocrystalline silicon PV cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a locally structured semiconductor layer on a substrate, in which the surface of the substrate is acted upon by a reactive gas. In this case, an etching, doping or deposition of a semiconductor substance takes place on or in the substrate.
- structured are not only a purely mechanical or topographical structures ⁇ phical meant, but also local
- the emitter for Si solar cells is manufactured in the industry by diffusion planar. In this case, however, accepted that high surface doping are necessary for low contact resistance and therefore the surface has a high Rekom ⁇ binationsrate.
- Selective, ie, surface-structured emitters are used in high-efficiency solar cells to provide good front-side passivation and low surface area
- Auger combination low surface doping
- good transverse conductivity and low contact resistance high surface doping
- laser methods are used in which the areas under the contacts are selectively doped. But in addition to the diffusion furnace but an additional laser system is needed. Alternatively, emitter regions are selectively reset using masking techniques.
- the object of the invention is the complex diffusion (and / or laser or etching back) process for the production of selective emitters with a
- Emitter be prepared by depositing a patterned layer through a shadow mask, and / or by in-line structuring with an etching gas.
- a shadow mask In the case of wafer or crystalline
- Silicon materials and thin film solar cells can be particularly before ⁇ geous the epitaxial emitter deposition so that very quickly produced in one process step selec ⁇ tive emitter.
- Selective epitaxial emitters can be made within a few minutes since the deposition rate can be over 1 ym / min and the optimum
- Emitter thicknesses are between 1 and 5 pm. This results in the advantage that particularly thick highly doped regions, which are advantageous under the contacts, can be deposited quickly (in the case of diffusion, the introduction of a 2 ⁇ m deep doping takes approximately 1-2 hours).
- the process according to the invention can produce an emitter faster by a factor> 50.
- the emitter profile can be designed as desired. This avoids unwanted recombination in the emitter and increases the current of the solar cell. The complete selective
- thin-film solar cells can be previously in situ deposited, the BSF and the base.
- the areal exposure is effected by the surface of the substrate being flown through at least one shadow mask whose recesses correspond to the structure of the locally structured layer to be produced, and / or specifically via at least one nozzle with the gas ,
- the mask has a decisive influence on the implementation of the later metallization. It requires an adjustment when printing the grid on the selective emitter structure. The areas coated by the mask and not coated may have different layer heights. Because of this difference, it is easier to adjust the grid to the selective emitter structure when printing. For the adjustment, e.g. optical methods are used.
- a due ⁇ se is used, which has a built-in way of the activation of the gas, for example, a way to heat and / or plasma activation of the gas.
- the at least one shadow mask and / or the at least one nozzle are spaced between 0.1 and 10 mm, preferably between 0.5 and 5 mm, particularly preferably between 1 and 2 mm from the surface is.
- the mask preferably consists of a material which is not readily deposited on (eg coated with Si0 2 , Si 3 N 4 , SiC and / or Al 2 0 3 ) and is not attacked when the reactor chamber is re-pressurized. A regular re-etching is advantageous in a deposition of the selective structure, so that the mask is not added.
- locally structured semiconductor layers can thus be produced, wherein the region in which the deposition of the semiconductor takes place can vary over large areas.
- the surface of the substrate is preferably applied in a width between 0.1 and 20 mm, preferably between 0.2 and 2 mm, particularly preferably between 0.3 and 1 mm, with the gas, so that it is possible to produce correspondingly broad semiconductor structures ,
- Advantageous reactive gases which can be used according to the invention are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen chloride, hydrogen,
- Preferred temperatures at which the process runs ie either substrate temperatures or reactive gas temperatures, as well as the possibility that both the substrate and the reactive gas are annealed to the appropriate temperatures, are between 200 and 2000 ° C, preferably between 500 and
- the temperatures are between 1000 ° C and 1200 ° C or between 500 ° C and 999 ° C.
- the process is carried out under a temperature gradient, that is, for example, that the gas, which is applied to the surface of the substrate, is tempered over a range. It can thus be achieved that more or fewer semiconductors are deposited on the corresponding substrate.
- a CVD coating system is suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention.
- the process is carried out as a continuous process, the substrate being heated relative to the region of the charge. Move with etching gas in one, two or three dimensions.
- suitable substrates are suitable;
- Advantageous substrates are selected from semiconductor substrates, in particular Si, GaAs, Ge, SiC semiconductor substrates and / or combinations thereof, carrier substrates with a semiconductor coating, wherein the locally structured semiconductor layer is deposited on the Halbleitbe ⁇ coating, metals, glasses and / or ceramics, and combinations of the aforementioned substrates.
- Coatings which, for example, of Si, CdTe, CdS, CdSe, are particularly suitable for the above-mentioned semiconductor coatings.
- CuIn (Ga) Se and / or CuIn (Ga) S exist.
- Preferred metals that can be patterned are, for example, molybdenum and / or molybdenum deposited on a glass substrate.
- glasses or ceramics for example, SiC, ZrSi0 4 , S13N4 are used
- a structuring of graphite or carbon is also possible with the method according to the invention.
- a substrate of course, a solar cell can be used.
- an at least partial re-etching of the locally structured one can additionally take place as a subsequent process step
- Semiconductor layer can be performed.
- the invention further specifies the use of the method described above, in particular in the production of solar cells, for the deposition of epitaxial semiconductor layers on semiconductor substrates, for the deposition of microcrystalline semiconductor layers on semiconductor substrates, for the diffusion of locally structured doped semiconductor layers in semiconductor substrates, for the patterning of semiconductor layers for series connection, for structuring metal layers for series connection and / or for local metal deposition.
- a solar cell is likewise included which has an emitter layer which can be produced according to the method according to the invention.
- epitaxial layers can be selectively deposited using a mask (see Figure 1).
- the wafers must pass close to the mask to prevent "smearing" of the precipitate, so a continuous deposition process can be accomplished in a high throughput Z-atmospheric pressure CVD system, with the substrates passing various deposition chambers selective
- Emitter deposition could be a separate Abscheidehunt provided with a high Dotierstoffkonzentrat ion. It is important that a regular etch-back step is performed so that the mask does not become clogged and thus the coated area becomes smaller or completely disappears. The process makes it possible to deposit very thick emitters very quickly
- Example 1 can also take place at lower temperatures.
- micro- or polycrystalline layers are deposited.
- Corresponding layers can, for example, for thin-film solar cells on foreign substrates, eg insulating High temperature glass, or ceramics, are used. These always require structured elements, for example for series connection, which are normally produced by laser after full-area deposition, but can already be produced during the deposition with the method described here.
- a homogeneous 2-stage emitter layer is removed by local blowing / contacting with an etching gas partially and structured.
- the non-etched emitter regions remain highly doped, e.g. For
- Silicon layer so it is cheaper to stay in the solid state.
- the process can be very well integrated in an industry-oriented continuous process, since a cooling of the wafer is always required and only a defined atomic sphere is required.
- the moderately doped emitter volume is deposited surface.
- the highly doped region is deposited by a mask or
- the layer sequences or semiconductor components that can be produced by the present method are described in the FIGS. 1 to 3 shown in more detail.
- FIG. 1 describes the possibility of integrated interconnection with a deposited metal layer. This is followed first by a successive separation of the
- Process of deposition of layer 1 to 4 may be interrupted. After deposition of layer 1, it may be re-crystallized ex-situ (e.g., by zone melting) and then further treated (e.g., by patterning in the coater). This applies mutatis mutandis to the embodiments shown in Figures 3 to 4.
- the advantages associated with this are that a relatively simple layer structure can be obtained, and the metal can be produced as a finger structure with targeted structuring.
- FIG. 2 relates to an integrated interconnection on a semiconductor component with metal and an insulator which follows the different layers from each other.
- the production takes place by laminar deposition of the layers 1, 2 and 3 on the nonconductive substrate 0, the layer 1 representing a highly doped p-type semiconductor layer, the layer 2 a doped p-type semiconductor layer and the layer 3 an n-doped semiconductor layer.
- the separation This is followed by a local re-etching step of layers 1, 2 and 3 and the possible introduction of a selective emitter structure (optionally local re-etching of highly doped emitters or local doping).
- an insulator 5 is deposited, which can be produced for example by printing on the semiconductor structure.
- the metallization takes place, wherein a semiconductor component final metal layer 4, for example in the form of metal fingers, on the
- FIG. 2 a shows a modification of the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3, which describes an integrated interconnection with metal, an antireflection layer serving as insulator.
- FIG. 2 a shows a modification of the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3, which describes an integrated interconnection with metal, an antireflection layer serving as insulator.
- the deposition step is followed by a local re-etching of the layers 1, 2 and 3 and the introduction. a selective one
- Emitter structure possibly local re-etching highly doped emitter or local doping.
- an antireflection layer (which simultaneously constitutes an insulator layer) is deposited on the layer 3.
- a metal layer 4 is used as a final layer on the semiconductor component till ⁇ eliminated.
- Particularly advantageous here is that no additional insulator layer is necessary.
- FIG. 3 shows a selective emitter contact structure on a standard wafer, which can be produced by the method according to the invention. This is followed by a planar deposition of a layer 3 (n-doped emitter) on a silicon wafer, followed by a local deposition or
- layer 4 (heavily doped n-type semiconductor). This is followed by a standard metallization, whereby a metal finger structure 5 is produced.
- the layers 3 and 4 it is also possible for the layers 3 and 4 to be deposited over a wide area, followed by a local etching back of the layer 4, and then a standard metallization is possible in order to construct the described semiconductor structure. As advantages here are to mention that such a semiconductor structure can be obtained with very little effort.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102009058786A DE102009058786A1 (de) | 2009-12-18 | 2009-12-18 | Verfahren zur Herstellung lokal strukturierter Halbleiterschichten |
| PCT/EP2010/007753 WO2011072872A2 (de) | 2009-12-18 | 2010-12-17 | Verfahren zur herstellung lokal strukturierter halbleiterschichten |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2513981A2 true EP2513981A2 (de) | 2012-10-24 |
Family
ID=43668268
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP10792850A Ceased EP2513981A2 (de) | 2009-12-18 | 2010-12-17 | Verfahren zur herstellung lokal strukturierter halbleiterschichten |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2513981A2 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN102804409A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102009058786A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2011072872A2 (de) |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5683547A (en) * | 1990-11-21 | 1997-11-04 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Processing method and apparatus using focused energy beam |
| WO2007100933A2 (en) * | 2006-01-12 | 2007-09-07 | Kla Tencor Technologies Corporation | Etch selectivity enhancement, deposition quality evaluation, structural modification and three-dimensional imaging using electron beam activated chemical etch |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4152824A (en) * | 1977-12-30 | 1979-05-08 | Mobil Tyco Solar Energy Corporation | Manufacture of solar cells |
| IT1132906B (it) * | 1979-10-17 | 1986-07-09 | Licentia Gmbh | Cella solare a strato semiconduttore |
| EP0544437B1 (de) * | 1991-11-27 | 2003-09-17 | AT&T Corp. | Verfahren zum selektiven Abscheiden von Aluminium enthaltenden Schichten |
| US5882468A (en) * | 1996-02-23 | 1999-03-16 | International Business Machines Corporation | Thickness control of semiconductor device layers in reactive ion etch processes |
| US6815246B2 (en) * | 2003-02-13 | 2004-11-09 | Rwe Schott Solar Inc. | Surface modification of silicon nitride for thick film silver metallization of solar cell |
| US8092601B2 (en) * | 2006-12-13 | 2012-01-10 | Ascentool, Inc. | System and process for fabricating photovoltaic cell |
-
2009
- 2009-12-18 DE DE102009058786A patent/DE102009058786A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2010
- 2010-12-17 EP EP10792850A patent/EP2513981A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2010-12-17 CN CN2010800579372A patent/CN102804409A/zh active Pending
- 2010-12-17 WO PCT/EP2010/007753 patent/WO2011072872A2/de not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5683547A (en) * | 1990-11-21 | 1997-11-04 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Processing method and apparatus using focused energy beam |
| WO2007100933A2 (en) * | 2006-01-12 | 2007-09-07 | Kla Tencor Technologies Corporation | Etch selectivity enhancement, deposition quality evaluation, structural modification and three-dimensional imaging using electron beam activated chemical etch |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| RANDOLPH S J ET AL: "Focused, nanoscale electron-beam-induced deposition and etching", CRITICAL REVIEWS IN SOLID STATE AND MATERIALS SCIE, CRC PRESS, BOCA RATON, FL, US, vol. 31, no. 3, 1 September 2006 (2006-09-01), pages 55 - 89, XP009098857, ISSN: 1040-8436 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102804409A (zh) | 2012-11-28 |
| DE102009058786A1 (de) | 2011-06-22 |
| WO2011072872A3 (de) | 2011-11-24 |
| WO2011072872A2 (de) | 2011-06-23 |
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