Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
  • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
  • C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
  • C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
  • C10B49/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
  • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
  • C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
  • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
  • C10J3/482—Gasifiers with stationary fluidised bed
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
  • C10L9/08—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by heat treatments, e.g. calcining
  • C10L9/083—Torrefaction
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
  • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
  • C10J2300/0903—Feed preparation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
  • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
  • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
  • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
  • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
  • Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines

Definitions

• the invention relates to the thermal pretreatment, also referred to as Torrefizierung, of carbonaceous and hydrogen-containing solid fuels, which may be present in pasty or viscous form and are referred to hereinafter as solid or pasty energy resources, including, for example, biogenic and other highly reactive Fuels, fossil fuels and residuals count in an impingement reactor.
• solid or pasty energy resources including, for example, biogenic and other highly reactive Fuels, fossil fuels and residuals count in an impingement reactor.
• solids and liquid fractions are mixed together, examples of which are sewage sludge and industrial residues, either on an aqueous basis or on the basis of solvents or energy-containing liquids, such as lubricants.
• the entrainment gasification with plants for entrained flow gasification usually have very high performance and are also operated with coal. Also, the invention allows the use of problematic substances in entrained flow systems or boiler systems, problem substances in this sense are, for example, the fibrous and woody components in mostly younger coals, which are found as recognizable residues of plants.
• Torrefication is understood as meaning a mild thermal treatment of solid fuels with exclusion of oxygen at temperatures of 220 to 350.degree. C., low oxygen contents being permissible in the present invention as well.
• the residence time required to achieve complete torrefaction of the feed is in the range of 15 to 120 minutes. The residence time is determined by the particle size of the feed and the heat transfer characteristic of the method used. While
• further heating here by the example of wood, carbon dioxide, and organic acids such as acetic acid and formic acid are released up to about 200-220 ° C next to the water vapor first.
• Further heating to about 280-350 ° C continue to release mainly carbon dioxide and organic acids, in addition due to the onset of pyrolytic decomposition, carbon monoxide is increasingly released with increasing temperature.
• the pyrolytic decomposition reactions of the marcomolecules rise sharply beyond the 350-400 ° C. (depending on the biomass).
• the amount of gas released increases, however, the higher hydrocarbons released reach e.g. for beech wood at about 480-500 ° C, a maximum.
• condensable hydrocarbons also collectively referred to as tars, released.
• about 15 wt .-% are released as gas and about 15 wt .-% remain as a solid residue, so-called coke.
• biogenic raw materials In addition to carbon and hydrogen, many biogenic raw materials also contain considerable amounts of oxygen and other elements in each case in bound form.
• the oxygen compounds are released from the fuel resulting in increased levels of generated carbon dioxide over the desired carbon monoxide in the synthesis gas, as well as water vapor rather than hydrogen. It would therefore be desirable to reduce the molecular fraction of the oxygen compounds in the biogenic raw material used as early as during the pretreatment, and to achieve a fuel revaluation by means of this oxygen depletion, in order to thereby improve the quality of the synthesis gas to be produced.
• the object of the invention is therefore to provide a device-simplified apparatus and a more energy-saving method available, with the torrefaction and crushing can be done in one step, wherein the solid or pasty energy raw materials are pretreated so that they for a Residual flow gasification is operational without further measures.
• the invention achieves the object by a device comprising
• a feed device for solid or pasty energy raw materials in the head region of the impact reactor is a feed device for solid or pasty energy raw materials in the head region of the impact reactor
• the Torrefiz michsgas is introduced in the region of a labyrinth seal and / or through a labyrinth seal into the baffle reactor, which is arranged in the rotor shaft of the baffle reactor, and separated by the interior of the baffle reactor fluidly from the outside environment becomes.
• Abweiseradsichter be provided as a separation and withdrawal device for crushed and torrefied energy commodity particles.
• a circuit circuit is also provided, the gas cycle containing additional A post-combustion device for the gas stream depleted in comminuted and torrefied energy raw material particles and obtained from the precipitation device, with a device for utilizing waste heat of the resulting flue gas,
• An adding device of nitrogen into the recycle gas stream An adding device of nitrogen into the recycle gas stream
• the cycle gas stream For the supply in the bottom area or at a suitable procedural point of the baffle reactor, the cycle gas stream also forms the Torrefiz istsgasstrom that transports the required heat.
• a suitable impact reactor is described for example in the OS DE 196 00 482 A1.
• This apparatus is surprisingly capable of producing biomass, e.g. Treat straw or green waste in the same way as the plastic fractions described there.
• biomass e.g. Treat straw or green waste
• devices as described in the application DE 10 2005 055 620 A1 can also be usefully used.
• Another object of the device according to the invention relates to the deduction of Torrefiziertm material, wherein different fractions of different particle sizes should be deducted from the impingement reactor.
• the invention solves the problem by side screens are provided as a separation and withdrawal device for crushed and dried energy raw material particles. By different design and mesh sizes can be deposited in this way different grain fractions.
• FIG. 1 Further embodiments of the device according to the invention relate to the supply of the Torrefiz michsgases in the lower part of the Torrefiz michtechniksreaktors.
• the object of the invention to be able to bring in larger amounts of Torrefiz michsgas in the impingement reactor.
• the invention solves the problem by provided as a feeder for hot Torrefiz istsgas in the lower region of the baffle reactor distributed over the circumference holes.
• the holes are made inclined in the radial direction.
• the bores are aligned tangentially to the direction of rotation of the baffle elements. In this case, the outlet direction of the holes can be aligned with or against the direction of rotation of the rotor of the baffle reactor.
• the process-technically more favorable solution depends on the interaction of the properties of the material to be comminuted and the geometric configurations of the rotor and the impact elements and the operation of the rotor, so for example the speed and the resulting influence on the local flow processes from.
• the invention achieves the object by providing as a hot Torrefiz istsgas supply device in the lower region of the baffle reactor distributed over the circumference slit-shaped openings.
• the slots may also have a radial inclination.
• the slots are formed by overlapping mounting of floor panels.
• the object of the invention is also achieved by a method for producing a fine-grained fuel from solid or pasty energy resources by Torrefizierung and crushing using a baffle reactor with a rotor and baffles, wherein
• Solid or pasty energy raw materials are fed to an impact reactor in the head region of the impact reactor at 190 to 350 degrees Celsuis,
• Hot Torrefiz istsgas is supplied in the bottom region of the baffle reactor,
• the solid or pasty energy raw materials in the impact reactor are comminuted, dried and torrefied, and
• the thermal treatment is provided in the typical temperature range of torrefaction, ie from 190-350 ° C. This has the consequence that the mass decreases by about 30%, but the energy content only by about 10%, which sets a specific significantly higher calorific value.
• the biomass structure changes from fibrous to brittle due to the torrefaction, which greatly reduces the energy required for comminution.
• Torrefizierungsgrad and type of biomass energy consumption for comminution by 50% can be reduced to 85%, see Kaltschmitt et al .: "Energy from biomass", ISBN 978-3-540-85094-6, 2009, pages 703-709.
• Torrefiz ist and comminution take place simultaneously, synergy effects, of which both processes receive benefits.
• torrefaction takes place in a separate reactor, i.
• the particles require a certain residence time in accordance with their size and the reactor-dependent heat transfer behavior in order to be torrefied completely and continuously.
• this residence time in the reactor can only be achieved by reducing the particle size, which must be carried out before entry.
• the torrechal convinced particles are crushed to a target size.
• the continuous comminution and mechanical removal of the torrefied layers significantly reduces the total torrefaction time of a single particle.
• the mechanical complexity of comminution is reduced because the already torrefied and thus brittle parts of the particles can be crushed much more effective.
• the circulation operation is provided, wherein
• At least a part of the gas stream, which is obtained from the particle separator, is subjected to a post-combustion device, the energy of the obtained NEN flue gas is used directly or indirectly for heating the cycle gas stream,
• Nitrogen is added to the cycle gas stream
• the withdrawn from the particle separator dust-containing gas is branched into a recycle gas stream and a residual gas stream and the circulating stream is additionally heated in the secondary stream or in the main stream or in both.
• At least a portion of the Torrefiz michrajsgases is performed together with the energy raw materials through the feed device into the reactor. It is important to ensure that the Torrefiz mich michsgas is sufficiently cool introduced into the feeder.
• the introduction of the Torrefiz michtechniksgases a drying of the outer surface of the energy raw materials, especially in the case of solid energy resources, causes, which leads to improved conveyability and significantly reduces the tendency to stick.
• the passage of the Torrefiz mich michesgases can be carried out both in countercurrent and in direct current.
• the supply device is heated indirectly. Due to the drying effect, the Torrefiz michsgas cools during passage through the feeding device. The heating counteracts this cooling. For heating, the hot Torrefiz michsgas be used, which itself cools and then passed through the feeder.
• the invention also relates to the use of the solid energy raw materials pretreated in an entrained flow gasification, in an entrained flow combustion, in a fluidized bed gasification and in a fluidized bed combustion.
• FIG. 1 shows the method according to the invention with indirect additional heating of the recycle gas
• FIGS. 2 and 3 provide a branch
• FIG. 4 a method with direct additional heating without branching is shown.
• Fig. 5 the erfindungssconcee labyrinth seal is shown.
• the biomass 2 is conveyed via the screw conveyor 3 and the rotary valve 4 in the baffle reactor 5. There it is crushed by means of the rotor 7.
• Torrefiz istsgas is supplied in the form of hot recycle gas 8a and 8b.
• the comminuted, dried and torrefied particles 11 are withdrawn via a separator 6, which is preferably a motor-operated rotary separator, with the gas stream 9 from the impingement reactor 5 and into the particle separator 10, here shown as centrifugal.
• the size of the exiting with the gas stream 9 particles can be adjusted by the use of the classifier 6. It may also be advantageous to dispense with the motor-driven rotary sifter and to use screens or perforated plates, by which the particle size of the solids contained in the gas stream 9 can be influenced.
• the target particle size of the torrefied particles 11 is defined by various requirements of the gasification or incineration plant. These are e.g. Requirements for the interaction of reactivity and particle size, on the conveying properties or further, thus may be advantageous for different starting materials, a different particle size or particle size distribution. Therefore, different methods for pre-separation such as sifters or sieves are useful. Depending on the desired particle size can be useful as a particle separator 10 and a mass separator or a filtering separator used.
• the torrehus believing particles 11 are separated and discharged by the rotary valve 12, then they are given with the screw conveyor 13 in the storage tank 14.
• the recycle gas 15 obtained from the centrifugal separator 10 contains only small amounts of dust and, in addition, the gas components released during torrefaction of the feed, which must be post-combusted.
• a residual gas stream 17 is passed by means of the blower 18 in the burner 19, where the residual gas is post-combusted together with air 20 and fuel gas 21.
• the hot flue gas transfers its heat in the heat exchanger 22 to the recycle gas 27 and can then be discharged into the atmosphere 23.
• Nitrogen 25 is added to the circulating gas 24 in approximately the amount which is discharged to residual gas 17, with an oxygen content of not more than 8% being regulated at the entrance of the impingement reactor.
• the pressure loss is compensated in the cycle gas compressor 26, the recycle gas 27 is heated in the heat exchanger and fed as hot recycle gas 8 back to the impingement reactor.
• the feed devices are arranged by way of example so that the hot cycle gas 8 is supplied in the region of the labyrinth seal 33 and at the same time the labyrinth seal 33 flows through itself.
• a secondary stream 28 is branched off from the circulating gas 16, which is conveyed by a support fan 29 for operated with air 30 additional burner 31 and heated.
• the hot gas 32 is added to the cycle gas 8 again.
• the burner 19 is arranged directly in the recycle gas 27.
• This method variant is preferable, for example, when the gas components released from the torrefaction contribute a significant amount and calorific value.
• the process for the thermal pretreatment of coal-containing and hydrogen-containing solid fuels can also be carried out without circulation according to the invention. This is particularly advantageous if integration into an existing plant infrastructure is provided. If, for example, the co-gasification of biomass and coal in an entrained-flow gasifier is desired, coupling may take place in such a manner that the gas stream 15 leaving the gasification, here e.g. the Aufliestbrenner the Kohlenmahlstrom, is supplied. At the same time, the preheated gas stream 8a, 8b to be supplied can likewise be made available from the gasification plant. This may be, for example, a partial flow from the heated mill cycle gas of the coal grinding plant or, for example, consist of an inert gas stream preheated within the gasification plant.
• the obtained torrequel loved particles 11 can be entered via the feed tank 14 for co-gasification either in the coal dust stream or together with the raw coal in the coal grinding plant, which essentially depends on the degree of crushing, which was set in the impact reactor 5.
• the described coupling with the gasification plant is only an example and can be done in many other ways, since within a complex gasification with upstream coal grinding plant a variety of partial and auxiliary currents are available and a variety of ways for heat extraction exist.
• FIG. 5 shows a fragmentary detailed view of the impact reactor 5 in the region of the rotor shaft 34, via which the rotor 7 is driven by a motor not shown in more detail.
• a rotor receptacle 35 is located at the front end of the rotor shaft 34, in the underside of which a circumferential depression or groove 36 is introduced, which for example has a rectangular cross-section.
• a circumferential recess 36 extends from below a circumferential projection 37, which is preferably arranged on the bottom plate 38 of the baffle reactor 5.
• the projection 37 has a width which is smaller than the width of the recess 36, and does not extend completely with its top to the bottom of the recess, so that between the outer surface of the projection 37 and the inner surface of the recess 36, a labyrinth seal 33rd is formed with a labyrinth passage 33a through which the Torrefiz istsgas or other gas is introduced into the interior of the baffle reactor 5.
• the labyrinth passage may have a width in the range of 2mm to 20mm.
• the labyrinth seal 33 seen to improve the sealing effect in the radial direction also have two or more projections 37 which extend into associated recesses 36 which are adapted in shape of the shape of the projections ,
• the supply of Torrefizianssgases 8a, 8b is preferably carried out by one or more below the bottom plate 38 in the shaft guide 39 arranged holes 40 therethrough along the direction indicated by the arrows 42 Zufarweges.
• This runs first in the direction of the rotor shaft 34, ie the center of rotation of the rotor 7, then substantially parallel to the rotor shaft or axis of rotation of the rotor 7 in the upward direction and then above the bottom plate 38 again in the opposite direction through the labyrinth passage 33a therethrough radially outside of the center of rotation of the baffle reactor 5 away, resulting in a particularly efficient sealing and distribution of Torrefizianssgases inside the reactor.
• This can be achieved through the use of one or more, the labyrinth passage 33a fluidly downstream Schleuderolin 41 additionally be improved.
• Rotor 29 support fan hot recycle gas / 30 air
• Particle separator 33 Labyrinth seal Torrefied particles 33a Labyrinth passage

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
• Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
• Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)

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• 2010
  • 2010-11-16 CA CA2779350A patent/CA2779350A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2010-11-16 CN CN201080050821.6A patent/CN102822322B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2010-11-16 AU AU2010318258A patent/AU2010318258B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2010-11-16 KR KR1020127015142A patent/KR20120117774A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2010-11-16 TW TW099139314A patent/TW201127492A/zh unknown
  • 2010-11-16 BR BR112012011205-8A patent/BR112012011205A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2010-11-16 WO PCT/EP2010/006955 patent/WO2011057822A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2010-11-16 EP EP10784261A patent/EP2501790A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2010-11-16 RU RU2012121603/04A patent/RU2569369C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2010-11-16 US US13/508,913 patent/US20120266485A1/en not_active Abandoned

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