EP2498045B1 - Projectile pour cartouches d'exercice - Google Patents

Projectile pour cartouches d'exercice Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2498045B1
EP2498045B1 EP11182185.6A EP11182185A EP2498045B1 EP 2498045 B1 EP2498045 B1 EP 2498045B1 EP 11182185 A EP11182185 A EP 11182185A EP 2498045 B1 EP2498045 B1 EP 2498045B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
projectile
ogive
area
projectile according
recess
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP11182185.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2498045A1 (fr
Inventor
Martin H. Dettmer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Metallwerk Elisenhuette GmbH
Original Assignee
Metallwerk Elisenhuette GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP2498045A1 publication Critical patent/EP2498045A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2498045B1 publication Critical patent/EP2498045B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B8/00—Practice or training ammunition
    • F42B8/12—Projectiles or missiles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/34—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect expanding before or on impact, i.e. of dumdum or mushroom type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/72—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
    • F42B12/74—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the core or solid body
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B30/00—Projectiles or missiles, not otherwise provided for, characterised by the ammunition class or type, e.g. by the launching apparatus or weapon used
    • F42B30/02—Bullets

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a projectile for practice cartridges that should achieve a limited impact force when hitting particular on protective vests.
  • the invention relates to a bullet or cartridge for self-loading.
  • An autoloader is a firearm that uses part of the energy released during the shot to re-arm the weapon.
  • the self-unloader automatically opens the cap, i. without intervention of the shooter. This removes the empty cartridge case from the weapon, introduces a new cartridge to the weapon, tightens the ignition mechanism and closes the cap again.
  • Self-loading weapons can be designed so that the trigger must be operated again after each shot. In linguistic usage, the term semiautomatic has prevailed for this purpose. Self-loading weapons, which can fire bursts or continuous fire (the weapon shoots once the trigger is pulled once, until the trigger is released or the ammunition stock is exhausted) are called automatic or fully automatic.
  • the closure may only be opened when the gas pressure in the barrel has fallen sharply. This is the case shortly after the bullet leaves the muzzle. On the other hand, sufficient energy must still be available to drive the mechanism.
  • the shutter control depending on the ammunition used thus forms a central, constructive problem for the construction of self-loaders.
  • Armies and security services such as the German Federal Armed Forces or police, often use cartridges with a caliber of 9mm for automatic weapons.
  • a cartridge consists of the projectile, the sleeve, the propellant powder and the primer.
  • the projectile is the object shot down by the weapon.
  • the weight of the bullet one such 9mm caliber cartridge commonly used by armies is 8g. It flies at a speed of 340 to 350 m / s. It is a so-called supersonic projectile that generates a shockwave when leaving the muzzle, which is clearly audible as a projectile blast.
  • an increase in weight is basically unproblematic.
  • a reduction of the usual weight is usually problematic when the cartridge or the projectile is to be used in self-loaders, such as in an automatic weapon. Then threatens namely, that the shutter is not properly backwards is transported and an autoloader no longer works properly.
  • This can be compensated for by an adapted internal ballistic, in which initially a higher internal pressure is generated by a more aggressive powder.
  • a bullet usually consists completely or at least predominantly of brass (that is, a mixture of copper and zinc) and usually of Tombak.
  • Tombacs are called the brass varieties in which the proportion of copper is at least 80 wt .-%.
  • the specific gravity of copper is 8.9 g / cc.
  • the specific gravity of tin is 7.2 g / cc.
  • the specific gravity of brass is at least 8.3 g / cc and the specific gravity of Tombak is 8.6 g / cc.
  • the specified specific weights of brass or Tombak are desired in order to achieve a desired minimum weight of a bullet which is to be used in a self-loading.
  • the coat of a self-loading loft is not made of a firmer material such as Tombak, for reasons of weight alone.
  • a firmer material such as Tombak is able to support the so-called Leisten concept, as in the DE 2031 7717 U1 is described.
  • Leisten as in the DE 2031 7717 U1 is described.
  • a coat of a solid floor may consist of a soft iron.
  • friction welding in low-carbon soft iron, which would worsen the bullet-run friction pairing to greater friction. At high bullet speed, the barrel can be destroyed by build-up welding until it is unusable.
  • the object of the present invention consists, starting from the US 5,943,749 to provide an improved bullet for practice cartridges of the type mentioned,
  • the metallic bullet for practice cartridges initially comprises a rear cylindrical area, which is particularly solid (with the exception of the recess described below in the ground) and a front arcuate ogive of the projectile, wherein in the Ogive a cavity enclosed by an Ogivenwand is arranged.
  • the front region of the ogive has a lower hardness than the rest of the projectile and / or the cavity has predetermined breaking points.
  • the Ogivenwand in the region of the cavity has at least one predetermined breaking point.
  • This breaking point can z. B. be realized as a circumferential edge on the wall of the cavity. An edge is a sharp transition of material thickness that is capable of inducing material failure under load at this point. This can also be done by notches, so a defined recess or depression in the wall.
  • These predetermined breaking points serve as predetermined zones in which material failure is initiated or promoted. Even rounded notches or edges can form a predetermined breaking point in the sense of the invention, since there is a smaller wall thickness in this area.
  • the failure does not necessarily have to start as a crack from the edge or notch, but instead the notch facilitates a folding of the material in the present case, whereby the crack in the outer skin of the ogive can arise.
  • the tip portion of the projectile can thus deform mushroom-shaped when hitting the target and thus initiate a further deformation of the projectile. The earlier an initial deformation occurs when hitting a resistor used, the faster deformed in the desired manner, the entire Ogive, so that a breakdown of the bullet through a protective vest such as the police uses, is prevented.
  • the notch / edge or a plurality of spaced apart notches / edges are annularly guided around the circumference of the cavity. This facilitates symmetrical and defined mushrooming, whereby the number, geometry and arrangement in the cavity can be determined experimentally by a person skilled in the art as required. It has proven in projectiles 9 mm para three evenly distributed in the cavity ring notches or edges as effective.
  • the wall of the cavity at the top of the projectile on the smallest wall thickness makes it possible for the projectile to deform sufficiently early and quickly on impact. Since the tip makes the first contact with the target, it is decisive for the overall deformation of the projectile, the faster it colums, the faster the projecting head surface of the projectile increases, thus a large deformation on impact of the projectile also leads to an enlarged one Levels cross-section. This can dissipate more energy, which further increases the cross-section, which prevents penetration or threading through the fibers from the projectile in the vest. In this way it is better ensured that there is no penetration of the projectile through a protective vest. The preferably flattening of the bullet point is also helpful here.
  • the front portion of the projectile has a lower hardness than the rest of the projectile.
  • a front tip region is provided on the ogive, in which the ogive wall has a lower hardness than the cylindrical region and preferably as the rest of the ogive. If the lower hardness, for example, by a particular carried out after pressing local heat treatment of the tip portion, z. B. by means of inductive heating, is produced, the bullet in one piece, d. H. from a single material, eg. A copper alloy such as Tombak, in particular MS95, CuZn5 or another copper wrought alloy with equivalent technological properties as Tombak or a soft iron material such as C4C; formerly QSt 32-3.
  • the bottom of the projectile has a recess in the mostly solid cylindrical region, which is in particular conical or frusto-conical and / or flattened towards the cylindrical region ,
  • the recess ensures an increase in the powder volume of the Cartridge.
  • Production-related fluctuations in the powder quantity depending on the quality of the particular TLP lot to be processed, can occasionally result in gas pressure peaks, which can have a negative effect on the internal ballistic behavior of the cartridge.
  • the dome or recess in the bullet tail and the consequent increase in the powder space these fluctuations can be better compensated by the thus created, larger total powder chamber volume, resulting in an improved internal ballistic behavior of the cartridge with this projectile.
  • the volume ratio of filling space to space occupied by the powder is particularly small, ie even small fluctuations in the filling quantity or batch-dependent burning rate of the powder lead to different pressures and thus projectile velocities, which in turn have an influence on the projectile deformation and penetration capability of the projectile.
  • the projectile has a one-piece construction, in particular of a non-toxic material such as a copper alloy.
  • This construction allows an economic production of the projectiles of a single material in one or more pressing steps, for. B. from a copper or soft iron wire.
  • a shell for the bullet components and thus manufacturing steps can be reduced.
  • the disposal is cheaper because no substances must be separated.
  • the emergence of environmentally harmful lead dust by projectiles on the shooting range is completely prevented.
  • the projectile is complete or at least substantially of a material z.
  • B. soft iron which has a specific gravity of less than 8 g / cc. It is a particularly inexpensive, easy to process non-toxic material
  • an outer coating consisting of copper and / or tin is applied. This prevents, especially in low-carbon soft iron, the risk of friction welding, which would worsen the bullet-run friction pairing to greater friction out.
  • the coating is preferably applied electrolytically, in particular in the order copper-tin.
  • the coating thickness is preferably 0.03 0.05 mm in total.
  • FIG. 1 on an enlarged scale projectile 1 for practice cartridges 9 mm para. is divided into an ogive 2 with a front tip region 21 and a rear cylindrical region 3.
  • the ogive 2 extends arcuately in the direction of the tip 5 of the projectile, wherein the foremost tip region in this example is not flattened in the weft direction.
  • a flattened tip region 10 on the one hand, provides for precise ballistic flight behavior and, on the other hand, helps initiate sufficient deformation of the tip region 21 when hitting a target.
  • the cavity 9 which is covered by the Ogivenwand 8.
  • predetermined breaking points 81, 82, 83 are provided in the form of edges or notches, which extend along a circumference around the projectile axis A around.
  • the height of the cavity 9 in the ogive 2 substantially corresponds to the height of the ogive.
  • the top 5 of the projectile has the lowest Ogivenwonddicke. Since solidification can occur in this area, for example as a result of forming processes during manufacture, the tip 5 or the tip region 21 is preferably heat-treated in order to achieve lower hardness in this area. For this purpose, a targeted heat treatment such as inductive heating with the hardening can be degraded.
  • Umformungs has after pressing the bullet of a copper wire of the cylindrical part - compared to the base material relatively large - Vickers hardness of about 110 HV and the Ogive a Vickersharte of up to about 130 HV. The latter is reduced by heat treatment to 80 HV5 ⁇ 20 HV5 in the tip area. This is hard enough for proper feeding of the cartridges and soft enough to prevent penetration of the protective vests.
  • the bottom 6 of the projectile 1 has in the center a frustoconical depression 7, which is flattened towards the cylindrical region 3.
  • a small residual opening in the Ogivenspitze which serves as a flattening.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Projectile métallique (1) pour des cartouches d'exercice, notamment pour des armes à chargement automatique, comprenant une partie arrière cylindrique (3) et une ogive avant en forme d'arc (2) du projectile, une cavité (9) entourée par une paroi d'ogive (8) étant disposée dans l'ogive et le projectile comprenant une structure d'un seul tenant,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la partie avant (2 ; 21) du projectile comprend une dureté plus faible que le reste du projectile et la partie avant est soumise à un traitement thermique local ;
    une région de pointe avant (21) est prévue sur l'ogive (2), dans laquelle région de pointe avant la paroi d'ogive (8) comprend une dureté plus faible que celle de la partie cylindrique (3) et de préférence plus faible que celle du reste (22) de l'ogive ;
    la partie cylindrique comprend une dureté Vickers de 110 HV5 +/- 10 HV5 ;
    la paroi d'ogive comprend une dureté Vickers de 80 HV5 +/- 20 HV5 dans la région de pointe avant ;
    le projectile est fabriqué avec un calibre de 9 mm para., de .45ACP, de .40S&W ou de .357Mag ;
    l'évidement dans la partie cylindrique occupe un volume compris entre 10 et 20 mm3, de préférence entre 12 et 17 mm3 et notamment de préférence d'environ 14 mm3 ;
    la région de pointe avant représente environ le tiers avant et/ou les premiers 2 à 4 mm, notamment les premiers 2.5 à 3.5 mm de l'ogive.
  2. Projectile selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que celui-ci est fabriqué en un matériau non toxique, notamment en un alliage de cuivre, notamment en tombac Ms95 ou en CuZn5 ou en un matériau de fer doux.
  3. Projectile selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la paroi d'ogive (8) comprend au moins un point destiné à la rupture, qui est de préférence configuré comme une encoche (81, 83) ou un bord (82), dans la région de la cavité (9).
  4. Projectile selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'encoche/le bord ou une pluralité d'encoches/de bords espacés l'un de l'autre dans la direction de l'axe de projectile est ou sont guidé(s) de façon annulaire autour de la circonférence de la cavité.
  5. Projectile selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la pointe avant (5) de l'ogive est aplatie, notamment par moyen de l'ouverture qui reste dans la pointe d'ogive après le processus de formage, laquelle ouverture a un diamètre compris entre 0,5 et 0,8 mm.
  6. Projectile selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le fond (6) du projectile comprend un évidement (7) dans la partie cylindrique, lequel évidement est notamment conique ou tronconique.
  7. Projectile selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le fond (6) du projectile comprend un évidement (7) dans la partie cylindrique, lequel évidement est aplati vers la partie cylindrique.
  8. Projectile selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la cavité s'étend essentiellement sur la longueur de l'ogive.
  9. Projectile selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la paroi d'ogive comprend une épaisseur de paroi de maximum 1,3 mm et de minimum 0,7 mm.
  10. Projectile selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'aplatissement de la pointe avant de l'ogive occupe une surface ayant un diamètre compris entre 1,0 et 2,5 mm, de préférence entre 1,2 et 1,8 mm.
  11. Projectile selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le projectile consiste en un matériau, notamment en fer doux, qui a un poids spécifique de moins de 8 g/centimètre cubique.
  12. Projectile selon l'une des revendications précédentes, comprenant un revêtement extérieur en cuivre ou en étain, qui est de préférence appliqué de manière électrolytique.
  13. Projectile selon l'une des revendications précédentes, comprenant un revêtement extérieur en cuivre ou en étain, qui est de préférence appliqué de manière électrolytique dans l'ordre de l'étain après le cuivre.
  14. Cartouche, notamment cartouche d'exercice et/ou cartouche à chargement automatique, comprenant un projectile selon l'une des revendications précédentes.
EP11182185.6A 2011-03-10 2011-09-21 Projectile pour cartouches d'exercice Not-in-force EP2498045B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE201110005389 DE102011005389B3 (de) 2011-03-10 2011-03-10 Geschoss für Übungspatronen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2498045A1 EP2498045A1 (fr) 2012-09-12
EP2498045B1 true EP2498045B1 (fr) 2016-07-20

Family

ID=44674535

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11182185.6A Not-in-force EP2498045B1 (fr) 2011-03-10 2011-09-21 Projectile pour cartouches d'exercice

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EP (1) EP2498045B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102011005389B3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014037434A1 (fr) * 2012-09-06 2014-03-13 Ruag Ammotec Gmbh Projectile pour cartouches de stand de tir et d'entraînement
DE102012021531A1 (de) 2012-10-30 2014-04-30 Jork Meyer Geschosskappe zum Aufsetzen auf einen Geschosskörper, sowie Geschoss und Munition mit Geschosskappe
DE202012010485U1 (de) 2012-10-30 2012-11-16 Jork Meyer Geschosskappe zum Aufsetzen auf einen Geschosskörper, sowie Geschoss und Munition mit Geschosskappe
DE102016009571B3 (de) 2016-08-05 2018-02-08 Ruag Ammotec Gmbh Metallisches Vollgeschoss, Werkzeug-Anordnung und Verfahren zum Herstellen von metallischen Vollgeschossen
DE102016015790B4 (de) 2016-08-05 2023-07-06 Ruag Ammotec Gmbh Metallisches Vollgeschoss, Werkzeug-Anordnung und Verfahren zum Herstellen von metallischen Vollgeschossen
DE102021104760A1 (de) * 2021-02-26 2022-09-01 Ruag Ammotec Ag Deformationsgeschoss für Polizei- und Behördenmunition
DE102021104757A1 (de) * 2021-02-26 2022-09-01 Ruag Ammotec Ag Metallisches Übungspatronen-Geschoss

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE627704A (fr) * 1962-03-17
US3138102A (en) * 1962-11-13 1964-06-23 Earl J Meyer Shotgun projectile having slits
DE3205612A1 (de) * 1982-02-17 1983-09-08 Mauser-Werke Oberndorf Gmbh, 7238 Oberndorf Geschoss fuer uebungsmunition
DE8328476U1 (fr) * 1983-10-04 1987-08-20 Mauser-Werke Oberndorf Gmbh, 7238 Oberndorf, De
US5259320A (en) * 1989-06-29 1993-11-09 Barnes Bullets, Inc. Intermediate article used to form a bullet projectile or component and a finally formed bullet
DE4227068B4 (de) * 1992-01-25 2006-04-27 Dynamit Nobel Ag Bleifreies Vollgeschoss
DE4210204A1 (de) * 1992-03-28 1993-09-30 Elisenhuette Metallwerk Patrone für Schußwaffen
DE4435859A1 (de) * 1994-10-07 1996-04-18 Herbert Haefner Vollgeschoß
US5943749A (en) * 1997-11-04 1999-08-31 The Nippert Company Method of manufacturing a hollow point bullet
US6244187B1 (en) * 1999-07-01 2001-06-12 Federal Cartridge Company Increased velocity-performance-range bullet
RU2175106C1 (ru) * 2001-02-08 2001-10-20 ОАО "Тульский патронный завод" Пуля охотничьего патрона
DE20317717U1 (de) * 2003-11-12 2004-03-18 Möller, Lutz Reibungsarmes Führbandvollgeschoß
WO2006086902A1 (fr) * 2005-02-16 2006-08-24 Saltech Ag Projectile
DE102009001454A1 (de) * 2009-03-10 2010-09-16 Metallwerk Elisenhütte GmbH Geschoss für Übungspatronen

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Publication number Publication date
EP2498045A1 (fr) 2012-09-12
DE102011005389B3 (de) 2012-03-01

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