EP2453233A1 - Procédé et appareil pour détecter la mousse sur la surface d'un liquide dans un récipient - Google Patents
Procédé et appareil pour détecter la mousse sur la surface d'un liquide dans un récipient Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2453233A1 EP2453233A1 EP10191353A EP10191353A EP2453233A1 EP 2453233 A1 EP2453233 A1 EP 2453233A1 EP 10191353 A EP10191353 A EP 10191353A EP 10191353 A EP10191353 A EP 10191353A EP 2453233 A1 EP2453233 A1 EP 2453233A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- image
- vessel
- liquid
- liquid surface
- foam
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/70—Determining position or orientation of objects or cameras
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/90—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination in a container or its contents
- G01N21/9018—Dirt detection in containers
- G01N21/9027—Dirt detection in containers in containers after filling
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
- G01N35/10—Devices for transferring samples or any liquids to, in, or from, the analysis apparatus, e.g. suction devices, injection devices
- G01N35/1009—Characterised by arrangements for controlling the aspiration or dispense of liquids
- G01N35/1016—Control of the volume dispensed or introduced
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
- G01N35/10—Devices for transferring samples or any liquids to, in, or from, the analysis apparatus, e.g. suction devices, injection devices
- G01N35/1009—Characterised by arrangements for controlling the aspiration or dispense of liquids
- G01N35/1016—Control of the volume dispensed or introduced
- G01N2035/1018—Detecting inhomogeneities, e.g. foam, bubbles, clots
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for detecting foam on a liquid surface in a vessel.
- the term vessel denominates a container, e.g. a tube, a bottle, a cup etc.
- Such systems for detecting foam on a liquid surface in a vessel are particularly useful in the field of automatic analysers which comprise pipetting systems for the exchange of predetermined amounts of liquid between vessels or containers which are automatically handled in such automatic analyser systems.
- the pipetting of a liquid sample or an analyte from a respective vessel is carried out by means of a pipette which is slightly immerged with its pipette tip into the liquid, and a predefined volume of the liquid is sucked into the pipette.
- US 5,414,778 A is directed to a dynamic fluid level and bubble inspection for quality and process control and relates to fast image processing for the detection of bubbles in a liquid and gives information on algorithms to characterize the bubbles.
- foam on the surface is not considered and images are taken in transmission and not from the top of the vessel.
- Images of foam are taken through the vascular wall of the vessel. There is no description for taking images from the top of the vessel.
- the known systems of the prior art for detecting foam are not capable of providing specific results of foam distribution on the liquid surface in the vessel.
- a further object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for carrying out the method of the present invention.
- the method according to the present invention comprises the steps:
- the observation direction of the image sensing device corresponds substantially to the direction in which a pipette has to be moved with its tip into the respective vessel when liquid is to be pipetted from said vessel.
- the image sensing device is directed to the target area of such a pipette tip and the surrounding of that target area, and this is an optimal view direction for taking an image of the foam distribution on the liquid surface in the vessel.
- the image sensing device is preferably a camera with a CCD-sensor chip or a CMOS-sensor chip which provides coloured or grayscale images.
- the image sensing device may be alternatively operated in a continuous video mode or in a serial mode to provide a series of corresponding images of a liquid surface, wherein the data of corresponding image pixels are averaged to provide a respective mean value of each pixel for further data processing.
- the automatic evaluation of said image is performed by processing the image data by means of a data processing system which operates with an image evaluation program that is adapted to identify foam specific areas in the image and to provide information about the presence or absence of foam specific areas in the image as a result of the image evaluation.
- the automatic evaluation of the image may provide results of the distribution of foam on the liquid surface in the respective vessel so that a decision can be made whether a sufficient large central region, e.g. a target region for pipetting is substantially free of foam. If such a target region of the liquid surface is free of foam, pipetting may be performed regardless of any foam outside that region.
- the image processing or image evaluation includes preferably three main steps, namely:
- image evaluation algorithms may include an algorithm for calculation of a radial image with the image points or pixels are assigned to radial coordinates or polar coordinates. If such a radial image is calculated a best fit calculation of the vessel opening boarder may be easily performed to a curve which is close to a sine and/or cosine curve, particularly if the border is a circle. After the border is identified, it is easy to identify the centre of the liquid surface and a central target region as seen from above through the opening of the vessel.
- an operator for the detection of edges is applied to at least a part of the image data or to corresponding data derived therefrom, particularly in order to detect borders of foam specific areas in the image.
- the well-known Sobel-operator as operator for the detection of edges is preferably used.
- histogram calculation algorithms may be applied for identifying foam specific areas on the liquid surface.
- the liquid surface should be illuminated preferably from the top of the vessel and the image should be taken through a polarizer in order to suppress light which is reflected directly from the liquid surface.
- the illumination light is preferably linearly polarized, wherein the polarizer, through which the image is taken, is adapted to transmit light that is polarized perpendicular with regard to the polarisation direction of the illumination light.
- Subject of the present invention is further an apparatus for detecting foam on a liquid surface in a vessel having an upper opening surrounded by a border and including an amount of a liquid.
- the apparatus of the invention comprises
- the apparatus according to the present invention is preferably adapted to automatically performing the above explained method of the present invention.
- the holder for positioning the vessel with its opening at the top at the predetermined location may be a moveable vessel holder of an automatic analyser.
- An example for such a moveable vessel holder is a turntable with receptacles for a lot of vessels which can be positioned at predetermined locations by rotating the turntable accordingly.
- the illumination device may comprise any type of an adequate light source like LED, light bulb, super luminescence diodes (SLD), laser, arc lamp or a strobe.
- the wave length of the light emitted by the source can be optimized to the absorption and/or reflection properties of the liquid to be observed.
- the illumination device has a typical wavelength between 400 nm and 700 nm, and it is not excluded to use UV-light or infra red light, if applicable.
- the image sensing device may include a CCD-camera or CMOS-camera for taking the images and for providing corresponding image data for the data processing system.
- the data processing system is preferably a personal computer or the like.
- the illumination device includes at least one light source which illuminates the liquid surface in the vessel either directly or indirectly via a reflecting device from above.
- a reflecting device can be a mirror or a beam splitter, in particular a polarizing beam splitter.
- at least one optical imaging lens should be arranged in front of the image sensing device, wherein an iris is positioned in front of the lens in order to achieve a relatively great depth of focus.
- the iris aperture may be for example 1 mm.
- a polarizing filter is arranged in the illuminating optical path between the light source and the vessel, and also a polarizing filter is arranged in the imaging optical path between the vessel and the image sensing device, wherein the direction of polarisation of the polarizing filter in the illuminating optical path is perpendicular to the direction of polarisation of the polarizing filter arranged in the imaging optical path.
- This arrangement of polarizing filters is used to suppress light which is directly reflected from the liquid surface.
- a polarizing beam splitter may be used instead of two polarizing filters.
- the apparatus according to the invention is preferably a part of an automatic liquid pipetting system which comprises at least one pipetting means that is operable between said image sensing device and the vessel to suck liquid from the vessel.
- the automatic liquid pipetting system has a control means communicating with said data processing system, wherein said control means is adapted to control the pipetting means in dependence of information provided by said data processing system about the presence or absence of foam specific areas in the respective vessel.
- the apparatus according to the invention is part of an automatic liquid pipetting system which comprises at least one pipetting means, wherein said image sensor device is attached to said pipetting means or to a moveable holder of said pipetting means.
- the first embodiment of the apparatus comprises a light source 2 which emits a light beam 4 to a mirror 8 along a horizontal part of the illuminating optical path 6.
- the mirror reflects the light beam downwards under a small angle ⁇ with respect to the vertical direction.
- the reflected light beam enters a tube-shaped vessel 10 through the ring-shaped upper opening 12 thereof.
- the light beam 4 illuminates the surface 14 of a liquid 16 in the vessel 10.
- a polarizing filter 18 is inserted between the illumination device 2 and the mirror 8.
- the polarizing filter 18 linearly polarizes the light beam 4.
- the illumination device 2 comprises at least one light emitting diode as a light source, but it is to be noted that other kinds of light sources are applicable.
- an image sensing device 20 is arranged and directed to the vessel 10.
- an optical imaging lens 24 is arranged in front of the image sensing device 20.
- a polarizing filter 26 is arranged in the imaging optical path 22.
- the direction of polarisation of the filter 26 is perpendicular to the direction of polarisation of the filter 18.
- an iris 28 is arranged in front of the imaging lens 24.
- the aperture of the iris 28 is preferably small in the order of 1 mm.
- a data processing system 30, preferably a PC is connected to the image sensing device 20 for data transmission.
- a holder which positions the vessel 10 at the predetermined location beneath the image sensing device 20.
- the image sensing device 20 is preferably a CCD-camera which provides grayscale information of images taken therewith, but it is not excluded to use an image sensing device 20 which also provides colour information to be evaluated.
- the resolution of the image sensing device 20 is extremely high. Good results were achieved with a resolution of 500 x 500 pixel of a sensor-chip of 4 mm x 4 mm.
- an imaging lens 24 with a focal length of f 35 mm was used together with an iris having an aperture of 1 mm. Since the numerical aperture of the optics is very small, the depth of sharpness for sufficient optical imaging extends at least over +/- 40 mm. Such a great range of the depth of focus or sharpness is important to account for different liquid levels leading to different distances between a respect liquid level 14 in a vessel 10 and the lens 24.
- vessels may be employed for exposing a liquid surface to the image sensing device 20.
- tube-shaped vessels e.g. standard-tube vessels as shown in the figures.
- the lengths and diameters of said vessels may differ. Good results were achieved with vessels having a diameter between approx. 5 mm and 20 mm and a length up to under 150 mm.
- Typical tubes to be used for the invention have a diameter of 13 mm and a length of 100 mm.
- the distance between the imaging lens 24 and the highest possible liquid level of a vessel 10 at its predetermined location is approx. 220 mm and may increase when the liquid level in a vessel 10 is smaller. Such a relatively great distance allows to move pipetting means between the optical components of the apparatus and the vessel 10 in order to pipette liquid from the vessel 10.
- the apparatus of the present invention is integrated in an automatic analyser, wherein the liquid 16 in the vessel 10 is a biological sample as human serum or haemolytic liquid.
- the liquid 16 in the vessel 10 is a biological sample as human serum or haemolytic liquid.
- other liquids e.g. analytes or the like may be employed.
- Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of the apparatus according to the present invention, which differs from the first embodiment in that a polarizing beam splitter 25 is inserted in the imaging optical path 22 instead of the polarizing filter 26.
- a polarizing beam splitter 25 in the second embodiment acts with the polarizing filter 18 to suppress light which is directly reflected by the liquid surface.
- the polarizing beam splitter 25 further provides a second imaging beam 32 that may be passed to a second image sensing device (not shown) or to an other observing device.
- the embodiment of Fig. 3 differs from the embodiment of Fig. 1 in that the position of the illumination device 2 and the position of the image sensing device 20 with the optical components 24, 28 have been exchanged so that in Fig. 3 the imaging optical path 22 is folded by the mirror 9 whereas the illuminating optical path 6 is straight.
- the embodiment according to Fig. 4 differs from the embodiment of Fig. 1 in that a common polarizing beam splitter 5 is inserted in the illuminating optical path 6 and in the imaging optical path 22 whereas the polarizing filters 18, 26 are omitted in the embodiment of Fig. 4 .
- a polarizing ring 18 is provided in order to polarize the light emitted by the light diodes. All embodiments shown in the Figs. 1-5 are applicable to perform the method according to the present invention.
- the vessel 10 is positioned by the holder (not shown) at the predetermined location with its upper opening 12 exposed to the image sensing device 20 as shown Figs. 1-5 .
- the illuminating light beam is directed to the surface 14 of the liquid 16 and the image sensing device 20 takes an image of the liquid surface from the top of the vessel 10.
- the image data preferably pixel data with grayscale and/or colour information
- the image data are transmitted to the data processing system for performing an automatic evaluation of that image on the basis of said image data whereas an image evaluation program is used to identify foam specific areas in that image and to provide information about the presence or absence of foam specific areas in the image as a result of the image evaluation.
- the image evaluation program applies applicable image processing algorithms in order to identify the border of the upper opening 12 and/or an other feature of the vessel 10 so that the type of vessel 10 can be determined by the data processing system. It has be proven useful to apply an algorithm which performs a radial image calculation in order to assign the image data to radial coordinates or polar coordinates in cases of circular vessel openings 12.
- FIGs. 6a, 7a, 8a and Fig. 6b, 7b and 8b three different situations of foam occurrence in the vessel 10 and the influence of foam occurrence on a pipetting process are illustrated.
- Fig. 6a the vessel is shown with a liquid 16 therein which has no foam on its upper surface 14.
- the pipette tip 35 slightly dips into the liquid 16 such that a pipetting process may be performed without failure.
- Fig. 6b corresponds to the situation illustrated in Fig. 6a and shows an image taken with an image sensing device 20.
- the white circle 37 was sketched in in order to mark a central target area for the pipette tip 35.
- Fig. 7a a relatively thick compact foam layer 39 rests on the liquid surface 14.
- the foam consists of a conglomerate of small bubbles with typical diameters between 0,2 mm and 5 mm. Also bigger bubbles can be included.
- the pipette tip 35 in its predetermined immersion depth ends in the foam layer 39. When performing the pipette process, only foam will be sucked in the pipette and the pipetting result is faulty.
- Fig. 7b is an image taken from the top of the vessel and shows the foam situation according to Fig. 7a .
- Fig. 8a illustrates the situation where only an outer circular area of the liquid surface 14 is covered with foam 39 and the central region greater than the target region for the pipette tip 35 is free of foam. The tip 35 dips into the target region of the liquid 16 and the pipetting process to be performed therewith will provide correct results.
- the foam situation shown in Fig. 8b corresponds to that illustrated in Fig. 8a .
- an automatic decision can be made by the data processing system 30 whether the target area 37 on the liquid surface 14 is free of foam or covered with foam.
- This decision can be used to automatically control a liquid pipetting system. In the case of Fig. 6a, 6b and 8a, 8b pipetting is allowed whereas in the case of Fig. 7a and 7b pipetting is not allowed.
- the method according to the invention may be performed before and after a pipetting step in order to monitor the pipetting process.
- the method can be perfomed continuously also during the pipetting step.
- the immersion depth of the pipette tip may be controlled by conventional control means.
- Illumination of the liquid surface may be performed by using optical fibres.
- the image sensing device may be adapted to provide information for a rough spectrum analysis of the sample in the vessel. According to a variant of the invention dark field images are taken and evaluated for foam detection.
- direct images may be taken and evaluated.
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
- Measurement Of Levels Of Liquids Or Fluent Solid Materials (AREA)
- Image Analysis (AREA)
- Image Processing (AREA)
- Automatic Analysis And Handling Materials Therefor (AREA)
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP10191353A EP2453233A1 (fr) | 2010-11-16 | 2010-11-16 | Procédé et appareil pour détecter la mousse sur la surface d'un liquide dans un récipient |
JP2013538238A JP5968896B2 (ja) | 2010-11-16 | 2011-11-16 | 容器内の液面上の泡を検出する方法および装置 |
CN201180055197.3A CN103314293B (zh) | 2010-11-16 | 2011-11-16 | 用于检测器皿内的液体表面上的泡沫的方法和设备 |
PCT/EP2011/070250 WO2012066034A1 (fr) | 2010-11-16 | 2011-11-16 | Procédé et appareil pour détecter la mousse sur une surface liquide dans une cuve |
ES11787663T ES2530495T3 (es) | 2010-11-16 | 2011-11-16 | Método y aparato para detectar espuma sobre una superficie líquida en un recipiente |
EP11787663.1A EP2641085B1 (fr) | 2010-11-16 | 2011-11-16 | Procédé et appareil pour détecter la mousse sur une surface liquide dans une cuve |
US13/888,567 US8649605B2 (en) | 2010-11-16 | 2013-05-07 | Method and apparatus for detecting foam on a liquid surface in a vessel |
HK14102556.6A HK1189654A1 (en) | 2010-11-16 | 2014-03-14 | Method and apparatus for detecting foam on a liquid surface in a vessel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP10191353A EP2453233A1 (fr) | 2010-11-16 | 2010-11-16 | Procédé et appareil pour détecter la mousse sur la surface d'un liquide dans un récipient |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2453233A1 true EP2453233A1 (fr) | 2012-05-16 |
Family
ID=43876949
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP10191353A Withdrawn EP2453233A1 (fr) | 2010-11-16 | 2010-11-16 | Procédé et appareil pour détecter la mousse sur la surface d'un liquide dans un récipient |
EP11787663.1A Active EP2641085B1 (fr) | 2010-11-16 | 2011-11-16 | Procédé et appareil pour détecter la mousse sur une surface liquide dans une cuve |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP11787663.1A Active EP2641085B1 (fr) | 2010-11-16 | 2011-11-16 | Procédé et appareil pour détecter la mousse sur une surface liquide dans une cuve |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8649605B2 (fr) |
EP (2) | EP2453233A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP5968896B2 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN103314293B (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2530495T3 (fr) |
HK (1) | HK1189654A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2012066034A1 (fr) |
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EP3252476A4 (fr) * | 2015-01-28 | 2018-10-03 | Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation | Dispositif d'inspection de surface de liquide, dispositif d'analyse automatisée et dispositif de traitement |
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2011
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- 2011-11-16 JP JP2013538238A patent/JP5968896B2/ja active Active
- 2011-11-16 CN CN201180055197.3A patent/CN103314293B/zh active Active
- 2011-11-16 EP EP11787663.1A patent/EP2641085B1/fr active Active
- 2011-11-16 ES ES11787663T patent/ES2530495T3/es active Active
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2013
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EP3252476A4 (fr) * | 2015-01-28 | 2018-10-03 | Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation | Dispositif d'inspection de surface de liquide, dispositif d'analyse automatisée et dispositif de traitement |
US10739364B2 (en) | 2015-01-28 | 2020-08-11 | Hitachi High-Tech Corporation | Liquid surface inspection device, automated analysis device, and processing device |
EP3061730A1 (fr) * | 2015-02-24 | 2016-08-31 | Host B.V. | Digesteur et procédé pour détecter la présence de mousse dans un lessiveur |
EP3465612A4 (fr) * | 2016-05-27 | 2020-02-26 | Biomerieux, Inc | Procédé et appareil de détection de mousse dans des récipients à échantillons |
CN113646641A (zh) * | 2019-04-08 | 2021-11-12 | 株式会社日立高新技术 | 图像处理装置、自动分析系统以及图像处理方法 |
CN113436149A (zh) * | 2021-06-02 | 2021-09-24 | 广州市广惠通线缆有限公司 | 一种线缆发泡层均匀度检测方法及系统 |
CN113436149B (zh) * | 2021-06-02 | 2021-12-14 | 广州市广惠通线缆有限公司 | 一种线缆发泡层均匀度检测方法及系统 |
CN117152448A (zh) * | 2023-05-11 | 2023-12-01 | 中南大学 | 一种基于微分频域特征的浮选过程关联泡沫图像特征选择方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2641085B1 (fr) | 2014-12-17 |
CN103314293B (zh) | 2015-02-25 |
US20130315486A1 (en) | 2013-11-28 |
ES2530495T3 (es) | 2015-03-03 |
CN103314293A (zh) | 2013-09-18 |
US8649605B2 (en) | 2014-02-11 |
EP2641085A1 (fr) | 2013-09-25 |
WO2012066034A1 (fr) | 2012-05-24 |
HK1189654A1 (en) | 2014-06-13 |
JP2014500955A (ja) | 2014-01-16 |
JP5968896B2 (ja) | 2016-08-10 |
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