EP2434873A2 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur konservierung von zellkernen - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zur konservierung von zellkernenInfo
- Publication number
- EP2434873A2 EP2434873A2 EP10721965A EP10721965A EP2434873A2 EP 2434873 A2 EP2434873 A2 EP 2434873A2 EP 10721965 A EP10721965 A EP 10721965A EP 10721965 A EP10721965 A EP 10721965A EP 2434873 A2 EP2434873 A2 EP 2434873A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cell
- cell nuclei
- nuclei
- dehydration
- biological cells
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N1/00—Preservation of bodies of humans or animals, or parts thereof
- A01N1/02—Preservation of living parts
- A01N1/0205—Chemical aspects
- A01N1/021—Preservation or perfusion media, liquids, solids or gases used in the preservation of cells, tissue, organs or bodily fluids
- A01N1/0221—Freeze-process protecting agents, i.e. substances protecting cells from effects of the physical process, e.g. cryoprotectants, osmolarity regulators like oncotic agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N1/00—Preservation of bodies of humans or animals, or parts thereof
- A01N1/02—Preservation of living parts
- A01N1/0205—Chemical aspects
- A01N1/021—Preservation or perfusion media, liquids, solids or gases used in the preservation of cells, tissue, organs or bodily fluids
- A01N1/0226—Physiologically active agents, i.e. substances affecting physiological processes of cells and tissue to be preserved, e.g. anti-oxidants or nutrients
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N1/00—Preservation of bodies of humans or animals, or parts thereof
- A01N1/02—Preservation of living parts
- A01N1/0236—Mechanical aspects
- A01N1/0242—Apparatuses, i.e. devices used in the process of preservation of living parts, such as pumps, refrigeration devices or any other devices featuring moving parts and/or temperature controlling components
- A01N1/0252—Temperature controlling refrigerating apparatus, i.e. devices used to actively control the temperature of a designated internal volume, e.g. refrigerators, freeze-drying apparatus or liquid nitrogen baths
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N1/00—Preservation of bodies of humans or animals, or parts thereof
- A01N1/02—Preservation of living parts
- A01N1/0278—Physical preservation processes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N1/00—Preservation of bodies of humans or animals, or parts thereof
- A01N1/02—Preservation of living parts
- A01N1/0278—Physical preservation processes
- A01N1/0284—Temperature processes, i.e. using a designated change in temperature over time
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for the preservation of cell nuclei of biological cells, in particular for the cryopreservation of cell nuclei, and optionally other cell components, such as cell organelles and / or cytoplasm, or of cored out biological cells.
- the invention further relates to a device which is configured for carrying out such a method and in particular for the preservation of cell nuclei of biological cells and optionally of further cell constituents or of cored out biological cells.
- the invention also relates to a method for the regeneration or recovery of biological cells. Applications of the invention are particularly in the preservation and storage of biological materials.
- the cryopreservation of biological materials is a technique that has been established for decades and has numerous applications in medicine, biology, biotechnology, agriculture, food industry and environmental technology (see, for example, US Pat US 2002/0177119 Al).
- biological cells can be stored in the frozen state for long periods of time, such as years or decades, and regain their full vitality after thawing, limited vitality rates have resulted in practice.
- the rate of vitality ie the proportion of cells capable of thawing, depends on the biological species and the cell type and can be less than 1% (eg in insect eggs, oocytes of mammals, fish or reptiles) or up to 95% or more (eg in mammalian fat cells ren).
- a number of cell types are unsuitable for conventional cryopreservation as they do not freeze and revitalize. In animal cells this is especially true for oocytes, while plant cells often can not be kept alive because of the vacuum oils in the cells. Problems arise in particular for the protection of species, since for most species a cryopreservation of sperm is possible, but not of oocytes.
- Z. He et al. (“Fertility and Sterility" Vol. 79, 2003, p. 347 ff.) Describe the cryopreservation of nuclear material from oocytes, wherein polar bodies and pronuclei are isolated, converted into groups in a zona pellucida and frozen therein. This method is limited to the cryopreservation of oocyte nuclear material and is detrimental due to complex preparation of the cell material.
- a further known problem of conventional cryopreservation is the dependence of the vitality rate on the conditions during freezing and later thawing of the cells.
- Since the vitality rate decreases with increasing cell stress there has hitherto been the trend, in particular during freezing, to carry out as few partial steps as possible in the shortest possible time. It has been proposed to prevent the formation of ice crystals in the cell material by virtually instantaneous freezing (vitrification) and thus to minimize cell stress.
- attempts to increase the vitality rate that have hitherto been carried out in practice were only specifically applicable to certain cell types or specimen types, but generally not with the desired reproducibility.
- cryoprotectant influences the structure of ice formation inside and outside the cells.
- a disadvantage is that the cryoprotectants used hitherto can adversely affect the cells and the rate of vitality, since they are added in non-physiologically high concentrations (eg 5 to 40%).
- Another disadvantage of the conventional cryoprotectants is that they have a limited ability to penetrate cell membranes (limited membrane reactivity). Since it is essential for the effectiveness of cryoprotectants in conventional cryopreservation that they can passively diffuse into the cells (for example DMSO), substances with limited membrane permeability are hitherto unsuitable as cryoprotectants.
- cryoprotectants for the cryopreservation of biological cells through their cell membrane in order to dehydrate the cells and to freeze the cells in the dehydrated state.
- this method is subject to limitations because the delivery of the cryoprotectants must be so gentle that the cells are viable again after thawing, and a high concentration of cryoprotectant is required, tolerated by only a few cell types.
- a cryo-treatment of nucleic acid molecules using cryoprotectants is described in WO 00/27361 A1.
- cryocon- serving temperature When freezing, a cryocon- serving temperature is to be achieved as quickly as possible in which no changes occur inside and outside the cells, so that the cells can be obtained without damage. Since at temperatures above -130 ° C recrystallizations of microscopic ice domains can take place, the freezing and storage of samples in the conventional cryopreservation to achieve a high vitality rate at temperatures below -140 0 C, for example at -19 ⁇ ° C ( Temperature of the liquid nitrogen) or at -145 ° C to -160 0 C in the cool gas phase (vapor of the liquid nitrogen).
- the object of the invention is to provide an improved method for the cryopreservation of biological materials, which overcomes the limitations of conventional cryopreservation methods and which is characterized in particular by an increased proportion of vital cells obtainable after cryopreservation.
- the method should be executable with high reliability and reproducibility even with small sample quantities and for cell types which are unsuitable for conventional cryopreservation.
- the object of the invention is also to provide an improved device for the cryopreservation of biological materials, with which disadvantages of conventional devices for cryopreservation are avoided.
- the invention is based on the general technical teaching of initially subjecting a biological cell (or biological cells) to a preparation in which the cell membrane of the biological cell is invasively acted upon.
- the preparation is interrupted, the cell membrane, whereby damage to the cytoplasm of the cell can occur.
- the interruption changes the cell membrane in such a way that the cell loses its vitality.
- the disruption of the cell membrane includes, for example, perforation, disruption or degradation.
- this facilitates the targeted provision of predetermined physical and / or chemical conditions in the immediate vicinity of the cell nucleus.
- nucleus during cryopreservation is not subject to any changes that would limit the biological function of the nucleus after its thawing.
- the nucleus After thawing, the nucleus can be placed in a pitted cell to form a vital cell.
- vital cells can be recovered (regenerated or recovered), which is particularly advantageous for cell types that could not or could only be cryopreserved with the conventional technique.
- the cryopreservation method of the invention is further characterized by dehydration of the nucleus.
- Dehydration generally involves a reduction in the amount of water in the nucleus.
- dehydrogenation suppresses or completely eliminates the problem of ice nucleation in the cell nucleus which occurs during conventional cryopreservation, since the reduced formation of water in the cell nucleus hinders crystal formation during freezing. This procedure would result in destruction of the cytoplasm in an intact cell.
- the dehydrogenation of the nucleus can already take place during the preparation of the biological cell or, alternatively, be provided after the preparation.
- the preparation and dehydrogenation steps are carried out at an intermediate storage of the biological material, which is preferably carried out at a higher temperature than the subsequent permanent storage under the preservation conditions.
- the cryocondensation process according to the invention is characterized by the setting of preservation conditions under which the cell nucleus can be stored permanently.
- the setting of preservation conditions includes setting a preservation temperature in a temperature range in which recrystallizations do not occur in the cell nuclei or their environment, so that they can be stored permanently while maintaining their ability to form cell nuclei of living cells. Since the cell nuclei contain a reduced proportion of water as a result of the dehydrogenation or are completely free of water, cryopreservation avoids any unwanted crystal formation in the core material.
- the cell nucleus remains unchanged, so that it has retained its vitality after cryopreservation, in particular after thawing to room temperature.
- the invention is based in particular on the following considerations and experimental results of the inventors. Studies have shown that ice nuclei are formed in cell nuclei of biological cells that have undergone conventional cryopreservation. Although in conventional cryopreservation, a water transport from the interior of the cells takes place in their environment, so far the nucleus has not been involved in this water transport. Since cell nuclei are enveloped by a double membrane (nuclear membrane), cell nuclei can only be dehydrated by pores in the nuclear membrane.
- Cell nuclei are therefore characterized by an osmotic inertia, as a result of which the cell nuclei can not be involved in conventional cryopreservation in the transport of water to the outside.
- the cytoplasm is osmotic to the cell nucleus upstream of the external solution. This increases the inertia and thus shifts the core drainage.
- the preparation step the viability of the cell as a whole is abandoned in order to be able to set physical and / or chemical conditions in the immediate environment of the cell nucleus, ie on the outside of the nuclear membrane. that in the dehydration step, a water transport from the interior of the cell nucleus takes place in its environment.
- the cryopreservation method of the present invention is not limited to a particular cell type.
- the invention may, for. B. with animal or human cells, especially oocytes, nerve cells, muscle cells or immune cells, such as lymphocytes, macrophages or stem cells, can be realized without being limited to these cell types.
- cells are provided which contain a fully formed nucleus (no precursors of nuclear material).
- An important advantage of the invention is that new substance groups can be used as cryoprotectant or dehydrogenation substance, which are unsuitable for conventional methods for cryopreservation because of their limited membrane reactivity.
- substances which are not membrane-permeable and are excessively dehydrating and damaging to the cytoplasm. Because of the lack of vitality of the cell to be preserved z.
- organic antifreeze proteins AFP, Antifreeze proteins
- AFP organic antifreeze proteins
- polypeptides of group AFPL from fish of the polar region eg winter flounder or arctic cod
- AFP of types I to IV as contained in insects, amphibians or algae, or glycoproteins (AFGP), in which Cryopreservation according to the invention can be used as cryoprotective or dehydrating substance.
- the biological state of the cell nuclei and thus their biological function ability to form cell nuclei of living cells, in particular to contain complete and undamaged genetic material, is maintained during the cryopreservation and the thawing.
- This functionality is also referred to here as the vitality of the cell nuclei.
- For the recovery of living cells can be provided by methods of the invention preferably an introduction of cell nuclei in host cells and their cultivation by methods known per se, the z.
- the above-mentioned object is achieved by the general technical teaching of providing a cryopreservation device which has a preparation device configured to carry out the above-mentioned preparation step and a dehydrating device with which cell nuclei can be subjected to the abovementioned dehydration. Furthermore, the cryopreservation device according to the invention has a preserving device with which the cell nuclei can be converted into a cryopreserved state.
- the invention is not limited to the dehydration and preservation of cell nuclei.
- further cell constituents in particular cell membranes, cytoplasm, cell organelles and / or parts thereof, are subjected to dehydrogenation and subsequently to cryopreservation. These steps are separate from the treatment of cell nuclei.
- the physical and / or chemical conditions for the cryopreservation can thus be optimized for the individual cell constituents while preserving the biological function of the respective cell constituents. This is especially important preferably intended to dehydrate the cell components isolated from each other and preserve.
- the cryopreservation device is equipped with a plurality of dehydrating devices and a plurality of preserving devices which are each configured for the dehydration or cryopreservation of specific cell components.
- the further cell constituents may be used in the regeneration or recovery of vital cells by combining with the thawed cell nuclei.
- a cooling of the biological cells is provided.
- the cooling takes place with a set cooling rate such that the cell membrane is destroyed.
- the sample is preferably free of cryoprotectants.
- the preparation and the subsequent setting of the Kryokonserv ists petition can be performed with a single cooling device whose temperature profile is controllable.
- the preparation comprises a mechanical destruction of the cell membranes, for example by centrifugation or electrical permeation.
- cooling of the samples prior to dehydration of the cell nuclei is advantageously avoided.
- a chemical destruction of the cell membranes may be provided, for example using enzymes or detergents. Also in this case, a cooling before the dehydration of the cell nuclei is advantageously avoided.
- a fourth variant involves osmotic destruction of cell membranes.
- the biological cells are exposed to an environment of reduced osmotic pressure.
- the biological cells are placed in water, preferably distilled water, so that the cells swell and the cell membranes rupture (burst).
- water preferably distilled water
- osmotic pressure water penetrates into the cell, where it forms ice domains in the cytoplasm in the vicinity of the nucleus, which withdraw water from the nucleus during the dehydration phase.
- the preparation in the preparation not only an interruption of the cell membrane, but a disorder, for example damage, fragmentation, at least of parts of the cytoplasm of the biological cells in the vicinity of the cell nuclei.
- this can improve the effect of the preparation and simplify the adjustment of physical and / or chemical dehydrogenation conditions for the cell nuclei.
- the preparation comprises a combination of thermal and mechanical action on the biological cells. It can be provided according to the invention a crushing of biological cell material containing the biological cells in the frozen state. The crushing can be done, for example, using ultrasound. The inventors have discovered that the exposure of ultrasound to frozen cell material results in damage to cell membranes and cytoplasm, while preserving cell nuclei and optionally other cell components, such as cell organelles, particularly mitochondria.
- the cell nuclei can be arranged in a medium devoid of cell constituents, in which the physical and / or chemical conditions of the dehydration can be set. Furthermore, an encapsulation of the cell nuclei in an encapsulating substance, such as, for example, alginate, may be provided. This provides additional protection of the cell nuclei.
- the dehydrogenation used according to the invention comprises the setting of a dehydrogenation point. temperature in the environment of cell nuclei.
- the dehydration temperature is selected such that water in the vicinity of the cell nuclei freezes and forms ice crystals, whereby the freezing point is so slightly below that in the ice crystals recrystallization takes place.
- the dehydrogenation temperature in the range below 0 0 C, preferably below -5 0 C is selected.
- the dehydrogenation temperature is preferably in the range above -130 0 C, z. B. above -80 0 C, more preferably above -4O 0 C.
- the setting of the dehydration temperature may include a variation of the temperature around the cell nuclei.
- a dehydrogenation temperature cycle can be set, in the course of which the dehydrogenation temperature in the temperature range mentioned is increased and decreased several times. This stimulates the recrystallization around the cell nuclei.
- it promotes dehydration of the cell nuclei.
- the dehydrogenation temperature cycle one or more temperature increase (s) to above the melting point of the frozen sample, in particular above 0 ° C include.
- the dehydrogenation temperature cycle includes phases in which the environment of the cell nuclei is completely thawed.
- the osmotic pressure on the cell nuclei can be increased and the water transport into the environment enhanced. Furthermore, advantageously during the dew phases a mass transfer in the environment of the cell nuclei can be provided.
- the temperature of the sample is temporarily increased so that the environment of the cell nuclei is liquid. In this state, a substance can be added to the environment of the cell nuclei, with which the dehydration is promoted. This process can be assisted by the addition of substances that lower the freezing point, such as high molecular weight substances, especially dextran or electrolytes.
- a dehydrogenating substance which causes the dehydrogenation of the cell nuclei is arranged in the vicinity of the cell nuclei.
- the dehydration with a dehydrating substance may advantageously be carried out at room temperature.
- dehydrating substances various substance groups are available which comprise alcohols, proteins, sugars, electrolytes and / or polymers and are each characterized by the formation of an osmotic potential with respect to the interior of the cell nuclei.
- the concentration of the dehydrating substance may vary depending on the actual process conditions, e.g. B. by tests or by using known osmotic parameters of the substances (tabular values) can be selected.
- a stabilizing substance is provided in the vicinity of the cell nuclei, which penetrates through the nuclear membrane into the cell nuclei and displaces it into this water.
- Any substance which has higher thermodynamic stability in the molecular environment inside the cell nuclei than outside the cell nuclei and as the water in the cell nuclei can be used as the stabilizing substance.
- various substance groups are available, which in particular comprise alginates, nanoparticles, matrices, cellulose, polymers and / or gels.
- the concentration of the stabilizing substance can also be selected depending on the specific process conditions.
- the dehydration takes place while in the vicinity of the cell nuclei cell constituents (in particular cell membrane, cytoplasm) of the cells are arranged, advantages for the combination of the preparation and dehydrogenation steps and their execution in a combined preparation and dehydration device.
- At least one cryoprotectant may be present around the cell nuclei.
- the cryoprotectant is delivered and dosed so that it acts solely to protect the nucleus.
- cryoprotectant is added to a medium in the vicinity of the cells at a level of less than 5 vol%, preferably less than 3 vol%, e.g. 1 vol.% Or less.
- the supply of the cryoprotectant can in physiological tem- peratures, especially above 10 0 C and / or below 38 0 C, take place.
- the inventive setting of preservation conditions for the cell nuclei preferably comprises the setting of a storage temperature at which a recrystallization of
- Ice domains is suppressed or excluded. It is preferably a storage temperature below -80 0 C, more preferably below -130 0 C set.
- a storage temperature below -80 0 C, more preferably below -130 0 C set.
- the storage temperature advantageously coincides with the usual end temperatures of the conventional cryopreservation, so that prepared and dehydrated cell nuclei can be taken up together with conventionally processed cell material in a common preserving device.
- the cell nuclei can be subjected to compaction or single deposition.
- compaction a concentration of cell nuclei occurs.
- the cell nuclei are arranged for cryopreservation with an increased volume density.
- the effectiveness of the storage can be increased.
- individual storage cell nuclei are separated and stored separately. In this case, advantages arise from the ability to thaw individual nuclei of a sample and feed it to another application.
- a particular feature of the invention is the use of substances which promote enlargement and recrystalization of ice domains in the environment of cell nuclei, as cryoprotectants.
- cryoprotectants according to the invention are distinguished by the fact that they are not nuclear-membrane-like and do not reduce the size of ice domains in the vicinity of the nucleus. Further properties of the cryoprotectants according to the invention are that they are osmotically active and / or cause segregation of the liquid environment of the core into ice crystals and concentrated substances. In conventional cryopreservation processes, such substances as, for example, alcohols, proteins, sugars, electrolytes, polyanions, polycations, polymers, oils or gels are not suitable as cryoprotectants, since in the conventional processes the ice domains should be kept as small and stable as possible. The use of said substances as cryoprotectants thus constitutes an independent subject of the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of method steps which are provided in preferred embodiments of the method according to the invention
- FIGS. 2 to 4 schematic illustrations of three embodiments of the cryopreservation of cell nuclei according to the invention
- Figures 5 and 6 are schematic illustrations of the dehydration and permanent storage of cell nuclei according to the invention
- FIG. 7 shows a schematic illustration of the generation of vital cells using a nuclear transfer method
- FIG. 8 shows a schematic illustration of an embodiment of the cryopreservation device according to the invention.
- a biological cell 1 comprises as cell components in general the cell membrane 2, the nucleus 3, the cytoplasm 4 and cell organelles 5, such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum or the Golgi apparatus. In conventional cryopreservation whole cells are gently frozen. In contrast, in the method according to the invention, as illustrated schematically in FIG. 1, biological cells 1 are treated in such a way that the cell membrane 2 is interrupted and thus the cell 1 is destroyed.
- the cell components 2, 3, 4 and 5 can be separated from one another by isolation methods known per se.
- the nucleus 3 but optionally also the cell membrane 2, the cytoplasm 4, cell organelles 5 and / or parts of them are subjected to dehydration and cryopreservation.
- the cell 1 is processed according to one of the variants explained below.
- the nucleus 3 is dehydrated in an environment of components of the destroyed cell in the schematically shown dehydration device 20, and then conserved in the preservation device 30.
- the cell organelles 5, pitted cells (comprising the cell membrane 2 and the cytoplasm 4 without the nucleus) and / or parts of the cytoplasm 4, optionally with cell organelles 5 or parts thereof, are subjected to dehydration and subsequent preservation.
- mitochondria can be treated as cell nuclei, with dehydration provided and the interior of the mitochondria remaining free of cryoprotectants.
- the biological sample which is subjected to the method according to the invention comprises a multiplicity of biological cells 1, so that cell nuclei 3 in the
- cryopreservation of the cell nuclei are explained below with reference to three process options. These include at least one treatment of the cell nuclei in situ, that is to say in the cells and / or in the cell assembly (FIG. 2), secondly a treatment of the cell nuclei after their isolation from the cells and / or their separation from the cell assembly (FIG. and third, the treatment of cell nuclei within the cells with a subsequent separation of the cell nuclei from the cells (FIG. 4). It is emphasized that the implementation of the invention is not limited to these schemes, but may include further process steps. Other process steps may include physical and / or chemical treatments, such as temperature increases or decreases, mechanical processing, or changes in ambient media. Furthermore, the treatment of the other cell components such as the treatment of cell nuclei can be done.
- FIG. 2A first shows the provision of a sample which contains the cells 1 with the cell membranes 2 and the cell nuclei 3.
- the cells 1 are isolated and suspended in a suspension solution or as cell composition 6 (tissue or tissue part) in a culture medium.
- the provision of the cells 1 is performed at a first temperature Ti above the freezing point of the sample, in particular above the freezing point of water (0 0 C).
- the first temperature Ti is chosen so that neither the cells 1 nor their surrounding medium (suspension solution and / or culture medium) are frozen. In this state, a dehydration and / or stabilizing substance can be added to the cells 1 or the cell composition 6.
- the cells preferably comprise animal or human cells, in particular oocytes, nerve cells, muscle cells or immune cells, such as lymphocytes, macrophages or stem cells. len.
- the cells 1 comprise muscle or nerve cells in a physiological culture solution.
- a sample volume of 1 to 100 ⁇ l with about 10 to 10,000 cells is provided.
- the preparation and dehydrogenation steps according to the invention take place at a second temperature T 2 (intermediate storage temperature) below the freezing point of the sample, in particular below the freezing point of water (FIG. 2B).
- T 2 intermediate storage temperature
- the cells 1 are frozen with the cell nuclei 3 and the surrounding medium 7.
- the destruction of the cell membranes 2 is brought about by the fact that in the temperature range mentioned in the environment of the cells 1 ice crystals grow and are rearranged, wherein a permeation of the cell membranes takes place.
- the cell nuclei 3 are protected by the surrounding cytoplasm, so that the nuclear membranes of the cell nuclei 3 are not disturbed but remain intact.
- the destruction of the cell membranes 2 and the disruption of the structure of the cytoplasm of the cells 1 enable water to be transported from the cell nuclei 3 into their environment.
- the dehydration thus takes place simultaneously with the preparation.
- a stabilizing substance e.g.
- an anionic or cationic polyelectrolyte eg, pectins, alginates, polysaccharides, polyacrylic acid, polyethylenimine, polyvinylamine, polyvinylpyridine, biopolymers (such as DNA), dextran or sugar from the surrounding medium 7 diffuse into the cell nuclei 3 to replace built-in water there. The replaced water exits into the vicinity of the cell nuclei 3.
- T 2 It can be a fixed set second temperature T 2 are selected.
- temperature programs can be executed with increasing and decreasing temperatures in the mentioned interval. It may be provided to temporarily thaw at least the surrounding medium 7 (temperature in particular above the freezing point of water) in order to add or remove hydrogenation and / or stabilizing substances to the surrounding medium 7.
- the duration of the preparation and dehydrogenation steps at the second temperature T 2 depends on the selected temperature and / or the selected temperature profile as well as on sample properties, such as, for example, the sample size and the number of cell nuclei 3.
- the duration of the preparation and dehydration steps is at least half an hour, but may also be at least 1 hour, 5 hours, 24 hours or more, for example 2 days or more or even months to years.
- the preparation and dehydrogenation steps at the second temperature T 2 thus represent an intermediate storage in which the environment of the cell nuclei 3 changes dynamically, in particular by recrystallization, in order to bring about the dehydration of the cell nuclei 1.
- a third temperature T 3 (storage temperature) is set, which is selected below -8O 0 C, preferably below -13O 0 C. At these temperatures, any recrystallization processes in the vicinity of the cell nuclei 3 are prevented so that the cell nuclei 3 and their constituents Ie, especially DNA components no longer change. During storage at the third temperature T 3 , the residues of the biological cells 1 in the vicinity of the cell nuclei 3 still exist.
- cell membranes 2 are highly permeated or completely destroyed, and the cytoplasmic structure is greatly altered (for example, demixed or mixed with ice domains) or completely destroyed (cytoplasm functions as a "sacrificial layer").
- FIG. 2D schematically illustrates the recovery of cell nuclei 3 after cryopreservation.
- the cell nuclei 3 are heated to a fourth temperature T 4 and thawed.
- the fourth temperature T 4 is preferably chosen above -5 ° C, more preferably above 0 0 C. Also during the transition from the third temperature T 3 to the fourth temperature T 4 , temperature changes with increasing and decreasing temperatures can be provided in order to subject the cell nuclei 3 to rehydration.
- the cells 1 are provided with the cell nuclei 3 at a first temperature Ti above the freezing point of the sample, in particular above 0 ° C. (FIG. 3A) and a separation of the cell nuclei 1 of FIG subjected to the remaining cell components.
- the separation comprises methods known per se, such as centrifugation in a density gradient, whereby the cell membranes 2 are destroyed and the cell nuclei 3 are isolated. In a fraction, the cell nuclei 3 are compressed.
- a sample having a volume of, for example, 1 to 10 ⁇ l with 1 to 1000 cell nuclei 3 is present.
- the freezing medium 8 is a physiological solution containing substances, such as electrolytes, serum, glucose or proteins, which promote the freezing of the cell nuclei 3.
- the freezing medium 8 may contain conventional cryoprotectants.
- the feeding into the freezing medium takes place at a second temperature T 2 , which is selected above the freezing point of the freezing medium 8.
- the suspension of the cell nuclei 3 in the freezing medium 8 is cooled to a third temperature T 3 (intermediate storage, FIG. 3C).
- the third temperature T 3 is in the range of -5 ° C to -8O 0 C, preferably selected at -20 0 C, wherein as in the embodiment of Figure 2 temporary temperature changes can be provided in this temperature interval. Furthermore, thawing phases can be provided in which the temperature above the freezing point of the freezing medium 8 is selected.
- a recrystallization in the vicinity of the cell nuclei 3 a dehydration of the interiors of the cell nuclei 3 and optionally a diffusion of stabilizing substances into the cell nuclei 3.
- the duration of the intermediate storage as mentioned above to Figure 2 , depending on the temperature program and / or characteristics of the
- Sample be selected.
- the ice formation can be induced by vibration or by the application of ultrasound at certain times.
- a removal of water from the frozen or temporarily thawed freezing medium can be provided.
- sublimation may be provided in a reduced pressure environment, for example in a vacuum.
- the storage takes place at the storage temperature T 4 , which is selected, for example, below -13O 0 C ( Figure 3D).
- a higher storage temperature T 4 for example in the range of -80 0 C to -130 0 C can be adjusted in particular, if previously from the freezing medium 6 water, z. B. by sublimation was removed.
- FIG. 3E illustrates the recovery of the cell nuclei 3 by heating to the elevated temperature T 5 above the freezing point of the freezing medium 8.
- FIG. 4 illustrates the embodiment of the invention in which the preparation and dehydrogenation are carried out on the cell nuclei 3 under in situ conditions and subsequently a separation of the cell nuclei 3 from the remaining cell material takes place.
- preparation and dehydration are performed as described above with reference to Figure 2 ( Figures 4A, 4B).
- T 2 which is selected, for example, in the range of -20 0 C to -196 ° C, takes place a mechanical treatment of the frozen sample, for example, by the action of ultrasound or by the mechanical comminution by tools or other vibrations.
- the cell nuclei 3 can be separated from the other cell components.
- a further dehydration of the cell nuclei is performed subsequently at the third temperature T 3, which is selected in the range of 0 0 C to -8O 0 C, 1.
- the third temperature T 3 of, for example, dehydration agents and / or stabilizing agents can be added to the freezing medium 8 or be removed from this water.
- the partial images C and D of FIG. 4 illustrate the permanent storage of the dehydrated cell nuclei and their subsequent recovery (see FIGS. 2, 3).
- FIG. 5 schematically illustrates the conditions at the beginning of the intermediate storage.
- a single cell nucleus 3 which is surrounded by a nuclear membrane 3.1 (double membrane), is arranged in the freezing medium 8.
- the water fractions 3.2 can be in the liquid state or already in the frozen state.
- outside the cell nucleus 3 there are also water components 8.1 in the freezing medium 8, which may be in the liquid (dissolved) or frozen state.
- FIG. 6 shows the situation after several months of intermediate storage.
- the water portions 3.2 inside or outside the nucleus are almost or completely removed, while the water portions 8.1 have grown in the freezing medium 8.
- stabilizing substances may be diffused into the interior of the cell nucleus 3.
- FIG. 6 shows the essential difference of the invention over conventional methods such that in the
- FIG. 7 illustrates schematically, using the example of oocytes of the mouse, how a vital, viable cell 1.1 is generated from a cell nucleus 3 which has been subjected to the preservation method according to the invention.
- a mouse 9 fresh egg cells 1.2 are obtained, which are gutted by a method known per se.
- the conserved cell nucleus 3 is removed from the preservation device 30 and introduced into the cored out cell 1.3 using a nuclear transfer method which is also known per se.
- the obtained cell 1.1 is then subjected to a cultivation process, including an increase and a growth of cells, under Unlike the method shown, it can be provided that the thawed cell nucleus is not transferred into fresh oocytes, but thawed, enucleated oocytes.
- FIG. 8 schematically shows a cryopreservation device 100 with a preparation device 10, a dehydration device 20 and a preservation device 30.
- the preparation and dehydration devices 10, 20 can be formed by a common component (see dashed frame).
- the preparation and dehydration devices 10, 20 each contain a controllable cooling device 11, 21, a sample receptacle 12, 22 and a conduit device 13, 23, with which substances can be supplied to the sample or removed therefrom.
- the preservation device 30 is constructed as known from conventional cryopreservation. It includes, for example, a cryotank for receiving liquid nitrogen, the sample being stored with the frozen cell nuclei in liquid nitrogen or in the vapor of liquid nitrogen.
- cryopreservation device 100 shown in Fig. 8 is to be modified to provide a plurality of dehydrating devices 20 and a plurality of preserving devices 30 for treating different cell components, respectively.
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE200910022580 DE102009022580A1 (de) | 2009-05-25 | 2009-05-25 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Konservierung von Zellkernen |
PCT/EP2010/002816 WO2010136118A2 (de) | 2009-05-25 | 2010-05-07 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur konservierung von zellkernen |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2434873A2 true EP2434873A2 (de) | 2012-04-04 |
EP2434873B1 EP2434873B1 (de) | 2013-07-31 |
Family
ID=43028322
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP10721965.1A Not-in-force EP2434873B1 (de) | 2009-05-25 | 2010-05-07 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur konservierung von zellkernen |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2434873B1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102009022580A1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2429144T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2010136118A2 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2014005690A1 (de) * | 2012-07-04 | 2014-01-09 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Substrateinrichtung, konservierungsgerät und verfahren zur kryokonservierung einer biologischen probe |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE102014104330A1 (de) | 2014-03-27 | 2015-10-01 | Seracell Pharma AG | Kassettenhalter, Anordnung und Transportsystem zum Transportieren und Überführen von in Ampullen aufgenommenem, kryokonserviertem Zellmaterial und Verfahren |
DE202014101459U1 (de) | 2014-03-27 | 2014-05-07 | Seracell Pharma AG | Kassettenhalter, Anordnung und Transportsystem zum Transportieren und Überführen von in Ampullen aufgenommenem, kryokonserviertem Zellmaterial |
CN108029676A (zh) * | 2017-11-28 | 2018-05-15 | 陈子江 | 细胞核质体的冷冻方法 |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3648475A (en) * | 1968-12-31 | 1972-03-14 | Georgy Valeryanovich Bakuradze | Apparatus for freezing nucleus-containing cells and other biological materials |
US6127177A (en) * | 1998-09-11 | 2000-10-03 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Controlled reversible poration for preservation of biological materials |
WO2000018882A1 (en) * | 1998-09-25 | 2000-04-06 | Integrated Biosystems | Methods and apparatus for lipid membrane disruption |
US6251599B1 (en) * | 1998-11-06 | 2001-06-26 | Selective Genetics, Inc. | Stabilized nucleic acid compositions and methods of preparation and use thereof |
US20070026377A1 (en) * | 2000-02-10 | 2007-02-01 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Methods for preserving nucleated mammalian cells |
US6635414B2 (en) * | 2001-05-22 | 2003-10-21 | Integrated Biosystems, Inc. | Cryopreservation system with controlled dendritic freezing front velocity |
AU2003268033A1 (en) * | 2002-07-26 | 2004-02-16 | The General Hospital Corporation | Systems and methods for cell preservation |
WO2008011070A2 (en) * | 2006-07-19 | 2008-01-24 | Reprocure, Llc | A method of oocyte cryopreservation including piercing the zona pellucida prior to vitrification |
-
2009
- 2009-05-25 DE DE200910022580 patent/DE102009022580A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2010
- 2010-05-07 WO PCT/EP2010/002816 patent/WO2010136118A2/de active Application Filing
- 2010-05-07 ES ES10721965T patent/ES2429144T3/es active Active
- 2010-05-07 EP EP10721965.1A patent/EP2434873B1/de not_active Not-in-force
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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See references of WO2010136118A2 * |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2014005690A1 (de) * | 2012-07-04 | 2014-01-09 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Substrateinrichtung, konservierungsgerät und verfahren zur kryokonservierung einer biologischen probe |
US9781918B2 (en) | 2012-07-04 | 2017-10-10 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Substrate unit, preservation device and method for the cryopreservation of a biological sample |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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ES2429144T3 (es) | 2013-11-13 |
DE102009022580A1 (de) | 2010-12-02 |
WO2010136118A3 (de) | 2012-02-23 |
WO2010136118A2 (de) | 2010-12-02 |
EP2434873B1 (de) | 2013-07-31 |
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