EP2429045A2 - Dispositif et procédé de surveillance d'usure d'une brosse d'un système de commutateur dans une machine électrique - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé de surveillance d'usure d'une brosse d'un système de commutateur dans une machine électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2429045A2
EP2429045A2 EP20110177892 EP11177892A EP2429045A2 EP 2429045 A2 EP2429045 A2 EP 2429045A2 EP 20110177892 EP20110177892 EP 20110177892 EP 11177892 A EP11177892 A EP 11177892A EP 2429045 A2 EP2429045 A2 EP 2429045A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
brush
wear
brushes
collector
electric machine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP20110177892
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2429045A3 (fr
Inventor
Michael Bayer
Juergen Gross
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP2429045A2 publication Critical patent/EP2429045A2/fr
Publication of EP2429045A3 publication Critical patent/EP2429045A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
    • H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
    • H01R39/38—Brush holders
    • H01R39/40—Brush holders enabling brush movement within holder during current collection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
    • H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
    • H01R39/58—Means structurally associated with the current collector for indicating condition thereof, e.g. for indicating brush wear

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device and a method for monitoring the wear of a brush of a commutator system in an electrical machine.
  • the invention has for its object to be able to reliably detect the brush wear in a commutator of an electric machine with simple measures.
  • the device or the method according to the invention serves to monitor the wear of a brush of a commutator in an electrical machine such as an electric motor or an electric generator.
  • an electrical machine such as an electric motor or an electric generator.
  • the device for wear monitoring is used in a starter motor for an internal combustion engine.
  • the commutator system comprises a plurality of brushes for power transmission, of which at least one brush is adjustably received in a brush holder and is subjected to force by a spring element in the direction of a collector.
  • the brush is adjusted in the direction of the collector in case of wear, so that over a long period of operation, a secure power transmission between brush and rotating collector is ensured.
  • At least one brush has a defined, preferably a maximum wear path-seen in the direction of adjustment of the brush-with the reaching of the defined wear path changing the contact surface between brush and collector.
  • the achievement of the defined wear path is to be recorded via a measured variable.
  • This design makes it possible to use brushes made of a single brush material, since the measured variable, over which the defined wear path is detected, does not depend on a material difference, but only on the distance traveled by the brush.
  • the feed can either be sensed mechanically, for example by reaching a stop and triggering a contact or, according to a preferred embodiment, in an electrical manner by sensing an electrical characteristic value of the machine which changes due to the different contact surface.
  • the contact surface is reduced upon reaching the defined wear path, which also includes embodiments in which interrupted the contact between the brush and the collector surface becomes.
  • the contact area or interruption of the contact at least one electrical characteristic changes, which can be determined via a corresponding measuring arrangement or electronics.
  • the reduction of the contact surface leads to an increase in the electrical resistance and thus to a reduced voltage drop in the electrical system, which can be detected, whereupon, for example, a signal is displayed, that the wear path of this brush is used up and a brush change is pending.
  • At least two brushes of the electric machine have a different defined wear path, which is thus achieved-under the condition of an approximately equal wear-at different times.
  • a corresponding signal is displayed;
  • the brush with a longer defined wear path is still in contact with the collector and contributes to power transmission.
  • the electric machine can continue to operate in full or at least only slightly reduced extent.
  • the feed of at least one brush is limited in the direction of the collector to a maximum allowable wear, which is achieved in particular by means of a stop.
  • This stop is expediently located on the brush holder or alternatively on another, housing-side component.
  • the adjusting movement of the brush is limited so that the brush is not subjected to the force of the spring element in the direction of the collector with the arrival of the stopper.
  • the adjusting movement of the brush is limited by the stop, so that the brush, which is subjected to force of the spring element in the direction of the collector reaches the maximum permissible wear path with the arrival of the stop, in which the contact surface between the brush and Collector either reduced or the contact is completely canceled.
  • the stop is designed, for example, in the form of an inwardly directed shoulder on the brush holder, which limits the feed in the desired manner.
  • the brush body comprises a wear section with a constant cross-sectional area and a base section which has a different cross-sectional area with respect to the wear section.
  • the wear portion is subject to allowable wear, with the consumption of the wear portion of the base portion comes into contact with the collector and due to the different cross-sectional area of the base portion changes an electrical characteristic, in particular the voltage in the electric machine, which can be registered.
  • the base section has a smaller cross-sectional area than the wear section, wherein in principle also larger cross-sectional areas of the base section come into consideration.
  • the electric machine has a plurality of pairs of brushes, each with two brushes, wherein at least one brush of a pair of brushes, but expediently both brushes of this pair of brushes differs in the maximum allowable wear of the other brush pairs.
  • the brush or the two brushes of this pair of brushes have a shortened maximum wear path in order to be able to point out the wear at an early stage without overriding the functionality of the electrical machine.
  • brush systems with six carbon brushes are used in six-pole electrical machines, of which the two carbon brushes of a pair of brushes have a reduced wear path, so that when the maximum wear path of this brush pair is reached, only four carbon brushes transmit electricity, which is detected on the basis of the increased total electrical resistance can.
  • the electrical characteristics by which the critical range of wear can be determined on the one hand, a voltage dip when switching on the electric machine, on the other hand, an increased flow time of the electric machine after turning off the energization.
  • both the plus brush and the minus brush have a reduced wear path in a pair of brushes in order to avoid overloading the polarity and thus causing rapid wear.
  • the wear path is preferably the same size, and in principle also different wear paths, which are each reduced with respect to the other brushes come into consideration, for example, to specifically compensate for a different wear behavior within the brush pair.
  • the shortened wear path can be both the same size and different sizes, for example, in a gradual process to indicate an increasing failure of the brush.
  • the commutation system 1 is part of an only schematically illustrated electrical machine 2, for example, an electric starter motor for an internal combustion engine.
  • the commutation system 1 comprises a carbon brush 3, which is adjustably received in a housing-side brush holder 4, and a collector 5, which is fixedly connected to the rotor of the electric machine 2.
  • the rotor axis about which the collector 5 also rotates is designated by reference numeral 6.
  • the adjustably received in the brush holder 4 carbon brush 3 is acted upon by the force of a spring element 7 in the direction of the collector shell surface.
  • the spring element 7 is also accommodated in the brush holder 4.
  • the adjusting movement of the carbon brush 3 and the effective direction of the spring element 7 takes place radially to the rotor longitudinal axis 6.
  • the carbon brush 3 Due to the radial adjustability of the carbon brush 3 in the brush holder 4 as well as the application of force by the spring element 7, the carbon brush 3 automatically turns in the direction of the collector 5 in case of wear.
  • a commutation system 1 is shown, which largely follows the one Fig. 1 corresponds, but is additionally equipped with a feed limit to realize a defined, maximum wear path of the carbon brush 3.
  • the stop is formed via a stop element 9 on the brush holder 4 and a brush-side stop element 10. Due to the view on the commutation system in Fig. 2 extend in the tangential direction the stop elements 9 and 10 on the brush holder 4 and the carbon brush 3 in the axial direction.
  • the stop element 9 forms a formed on the lower end of the brush holder 4, inwardly directed projection, which is assigned to the stop member 10 on the carbon brush 3, wherein the stop member 10 projects axially relative to the brush body and radially the contact surface facing the collector side of the brush is located.
  • the positions of the stop elements 9 and 10 are matched to one another in such a way that the carbon brush in the commutation 1 according to Fig. 2 a smaller maximum wear length - seen in the radial adjustment direction - than the commutation according to Fig. 1 , As soon as the stop element 10 on the carbon brush 3 comes into contact with the stop element 9 on the brush holder 4, the further radial feed in the direction of the collector 5 is interrupted.
  • the force of the spring element 7 is based on the inwardly directed stop element 9 on the brush holder 4, as soon as the carbon brush 3 has traveled a corresponding wear path , With the support on the stop element 9, the spring element 7 loses its effect on the carbon brush 3, so that it is not subjected to any further radial force in the direction of the lateral surface of the collector 5 and maintains its position reached. In this way, the wear path of the carbon brush 3 is limited.
  • FIG. 3 A view of the commutator 1 in the axial direction.
  • the rotational movement of the collector 5 and corresponding to the rotor the electric machine is shown by arrow 11.
  • the stop element 9 is located on the inside of the holder 4 adjacent to the free end face of the brush holder, on a peripheral side wall.
  • Fig. 4 is analogous to Fig. 2 limited the feed path of the carbon brush 3.
  • the stop elements 9 and 10 act on the brush holder 4 and the carbon brush 3 together.
  • the stop members 9, 10 are not on the axial end face of the brush holder or the carbon brush, but on the peripheral side, whereby the carbon brush and the brush holder in the axial direction can be designed correspondingly shorter.
  • the wear path of the carbon brush 3 is limited by the fact that within the brush body, an incision 14 is made in the carbon brush.
  • the brush body is divided in the radial direction into a base section 12 facing away from the collector 5 and a wear section 13 facing the collector 5, wherein the wear section extends between the contact surface to the collector and the base section 12.
  • the base portion 12 has in the region of the recess 14 has a smaller cross-sectional area than the wear portion 13, which has a constant cross-sectional area over its radial extent.
  • the wear section 13 has been completely removed by abrasion, the base section 12 comes into contact with the lateral surface of the collector 5 in the region of the notch 14 with the reduced cross-sectional area. Due to the reduced cross-sectional area, the electrical characteristics in the electric machine change, resulting in the detection of a advanced wear can be displayed.
  • the reduced cross-sectional area of the carbon brush 3 causes an increase in the resistance and a voltage dip that can be measured.

Landscapes

  • Motor Or Generator Current Collectors (AREA)
EP11177892.4A 2010-09-09 2011-08-18 Dispositif et procédé de surveillance d'usure d'une brosse d'un système de commutateur dans une machine électrique Withdrawn EP2429045A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010040525A DE102010040525A1 (de) 2010-09-09 2010-09-09 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Verschleißüberwachung einer Bürste eines Kommutatorsystems in einer elektrischen Maschine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2429045A2 true EP2429045A2 (fr) 2012-03-14
EP2429045A3 EP2429045A3 (fr) 2014-10-08

Family

ID=44675476

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11177892.4A Withdrawn EP2429045A3 (fr) 2010-09-09 2011-08-18 Dispositif et procédé de surveillance d'usure d'une brosse d'un système de commutateur dans une machine électrique

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2429045A3 (fr)
CN (1) CN102565700B (fr)
DE (1) DE102010040525A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104007386B (zh) * 2014-05-28 2016-08-31 中广核核电运营有限公司 发电机转子绝缘测量装置综合离线试验平台
DE102014226322A1 (de) 2014-12-17 2016-06-23 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Bürstenverschleiß im Gleichstrommotor
FR3041175B1 (fr) * 2015-09-16 2017-09-08 Renault Sas Procede de limitation de l'usure des balais de moteur electrique
DE102016223155A1 (de) * 2016-11-23 2018-05-24 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Kohlebürstenverschleiß-Messvorrichtung
CN106972338B (zh) * 2017-04-13 2019-01-29 南京高传机电自动控制设备有限公司 接地碳刷及半直驱风力发电机
CA3094257A1 (fr) 2018-03-21 2019-09-26 Ab Dynamoborstfabriken Dispositif en graphite intelligent
CN109149308B (zh) * 2018-07-20 2020-05-05 博深股份有限公司 一种带指示更换装置的电机用碳刷
EP3734776A1 (fr) * 2019-05-02 2020-11-04 Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy A/S Agencement de surveillance de l'usure de brosses et méthode associée

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004035318A1 (de) 2004-07-21 2006-02-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Erfassung des Verschleisses einer Motoransteuerung
DE102005061412A1 (de) 2005-12-22 2007-06-28 Robert Bosch Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Überwachung der Abnutzung einer Bürste

Family Cites Families (11)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB256978A (en) * 1925-08-13 1927-04-28 Siemens Schuckertwerke Gmbh Means for preventing the burning of commutators and slip rings of dynamo-electric machines due to excessive wear on the brushes
GB301084A (fr) * 1927-11-25 1928-12-20 Siemens - Schuckertwerke Aktiengesellschaft
DE8226352U1 (de) * 1982-09-18 1983-01-13 Ringsdorff-Werke GmbH, 5300 Bonn Vorrichtung zur Überwachung der Abnutzung einer Bürste für elektrische Maschinen
DD230966A1 (de) * 1983-03-10 1985-12-11 Norbert Hauschildt Selbstabschaltende buersten fuer elektromotore sowie deren buerstenanordnung
GB2244178B (en) * 1990-05-14 1994-06-29 Johnson Electric Sa Brush protection in an electric motor
JPH09182384A (ja) * 1995-12-27 1997-07-11 Makita Corp モータのブラシ摩耗報知装置
GB0211604D0 (en) * 2002-05-21 2002-06-26 Johnson Electric Sa Double brush assembly
CN100350682C (zh) * 2003-01-14 2007-11-21 苏州宝时得电动工具有限公司 电动机的碳刷磨损感测装置
JP4380393B2 (ja) * 2004-03-31 2009-12-09 トヨタ自動車株式会社 モータ用ブラシ状態判断装置
DE102005060324B4 (de) * 2005-12-16 2021-03-18 Robert Bosch Gmbh Erfassung des Verschleißes einer Motoransteuerung
DE102008054730A1 (de) * 2008-12-16 2010-06-17 Robert Bosch Gmbh Elektromotor mit Bürstenverschleißerfassung und Verfahren

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004035318A1 (de) 2004-07-21 2006-02-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Erfassung des Verschleisses einer Motoransteuerung
DE102005061412A1 (de) 2005-12-22 2007-06-28 Robert Bosch Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Überwachung der Abnutzung einer Bürste

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2429045A3 (fr) 2014-10-08
CN102565700B (zh) 2016-11-16
CN102565700A (zh) 2012-07-11
DE102010040525A1 (de) 2012-03-15

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