EP1801938B1 - Balai destiné à un système de pistes de glissement ou de commutateur d'une machine électrique avec un dispositif de surveillance de l'usure du balai ainsi qu'un procédé de surveillance de l'usure d'un balai - Google Patents

Balai destiné à un système de pistes de glissement ou de commutateur d'une machine électrique avec un dispositif de surveillance de l'usure du balai ainsi qu'un procédé de surveillance de l'usure d'un balai Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1801938B1
EP1801938B1 EP06125064.3A EP06125064A EP1801938B1 EP 1801938 B1 EP1801938 B1 EP 1801938B1 EP 06125064 A EP06125064 A EP 06125064A EP 1801938 B1 EP1801938 B1 EP 1801938B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
brush
impedance
wear
sensor
signal
Prior art date
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Application number
EP06125064.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1801938A2 (fr
EP1801938A3 (fr
Inventor
Anton Paweletz
Robert Schenk
Gunter Meyer
Thomas Peuser
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SEG Automotive Germany GmbH
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SEG Automotive Germany GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1801938A2 publication Critical patent/EP1801938A2/fr
Publication of EP1801938A3 publication Critical patent/EP1801938A3/fr
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
    • H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
    • H01R39/58—Means structurally associated with the current collector for indicating condition thereof, e.g. for indicating brush wear

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an arrangement for monitoring the wear of a brush of the slideway or commutator of an electric machine, as for example from the DE 10257623 A1 has become known.
  • This document shows a diagnostic device for determining the length of slip ring brushes in Schleifbahnan effet füren, or collectors of electrical machines.
  • an inductive sensor is provided for determining the brush length, which is connected to an evaluation unit for evaluating the sensor signals for determining a value corresponding to the brush length.
  • the inductive sensor has one or more coils which comprise the brush as a whole.
  • the monitoring unit also in the form of an inductive displacement sensor, arranged in a separate, bolted to the brush holder housing.
  • a core of the inductive displacement sensor is coupled via a pin-shaped extension and via a further coaxial with the brush arranged connecting element with the brush and along with this longitudinally displaceable.
  • the publication SU 729 708 A1 describes a monitoring device for the wear of a slidably mounted in a brush holder brush an electric machine. In this case, a magnetic measuring section is integrated in a brush body of the brush.
  • the publications SU 756 529 A1 and SU 860 187 A2 describe similar monitoring devices.
  • the document US 4,344,072 A relates to a monitoring device for a wear of a brush of an electric machine.
  • the monitoring device has a first brush which contacts a commutator.
  • a second brush is arranged in the first brush, wherein the second brush is electrically insulated from the first brush by means of an insulating layer
  • the invention has for its object to provide an apparatus and a method for monitoring the wear of a brush of an electric machine, which operate reliable, can be produced at low cost and require little or no additional space in the machine, so that they are in conventional Brush systems can be integrated or exchanged for them. This is achieved by the characterizing features of the parent device and method claims.
  • the base substance of the brush has a significantly different, preferably lower electrical conductivity ⁇ I than the measuring section integrated in the brush.
  • the base substance of the brush consists of an unfilled or of a metal-filled carbon material with an electrical conductivity ⁇ I in the range between about 0.05 and 20 MS / m, while the use in the brush for clear demarcation of the impedance Z measured from the sensor made of metal , preferably made of copper with an electrical conductivity ⁇ 2 of 56 to 57 MS / m.
  • the measuring principle can also be reversed by using a dielectric as the material that is fairly integrated into the brush with a different electrical conductivity ⁇ 2 than the base substance of the brush, so that the impedance Z drops significantly in this measuring range the permissible wear area of the brush.
  • the integrated into the brush section with different electrical conductivity with respect to the ground substance of the brush is electrically insulated and not flowed through by the working current of the brush to prevent the influence of the operating current on the impedance measurement.
  • the connection between the mission and the brush can also be made by gluing, so that with regard to the design of the parts to be joined no or almost no additional effort.
  • a positive connection can be additionally secured by an adhesive connection.
  • a riveted connection between the brush and the insert is advantageous.
  • the impedance sensor is structurally separated from the evaluation unit and integrated as a compact unit directly into the brush holder.
  • the evaluation unit advantageously a signal generator for the supply of the sensor with an AC voltage U can be integrated.
  • Such an arrangement is structurally very variable and can be easily installed without significant additional space in the brush area of the machine.
  • the inventive method for monitoring the wear of a brush of the slideway or Kommutatorsystems an electrical machine is characterized in that a fixedly arranged impedance sensor with an AC voltage U or a signal sequence in the frequency range of 100 kHz to 30 MHz, preferably in a range of 500 kHz is fed to 3MHz.
  • the sensor supplies therefrom a variable impedance signal as a measure of the remaining brush length to an evaluation unit.
  • This method is very reliable with little additional effort and ensures an easily detectable by simple means measuring signal for the wear of the brush, so that conventional difficulties are avoided by an unforeseen brush failure.
  • the brush is turned off by the output of the evaluation of the power supply, as soon as a predetermined signal level is exceeded. This ensures that consequential damage is safely avoided in critical applications.
  • FIG. 1 is denoted by 10 a slip ring or commutator of an electric machine, not shown, which is connected via a brush 12 and a wire 13 to the positive terminal 14 of a DC voltage network.
  • the brush 12 is held longitudinally displaceable in a brush holder 18 to the commutator or slip ring 10 and is pressed by a spring 20 which is centered on an extension 22 of the brush 12 to the slip ring or commutator 10.
  • the negative terminal 16 of the DC voltage network is connected to a further, only schematically drawn brush, which is designed and maintained similar.
  • the monitoring device for the wear of the brush 12 has a contactless sensor device in the form of an impedance sensor 24 with a coil 26 and an E-shaped magnetic core 28, which is arranged directly adjacent to the brush 12 adjacent and the brush has no closed magnetic circuit.
  • the impedance sensor 24 is connected to an evaluation unit 30, which includes an impedance measuring device 32 and a signal generator 34 for feeding the coil 26 with a high-frequency voltage U.
  • the immediately adjacent to the impedance sensor 24, in the brush holder 18 longitudinally guided brush 12 is designed as a two-component component. It consists essentially of an unfilled or partially metal-filled carbon material with an electrical conductivity ⁇ 1 in the range between about 0.05 and 20 MS / m.
  • an insert 38 inserted from a material having a significantly higher electrical conductivity ⁇ 2, for example, a copper insert with a conductivity of 56th up to 57 MS / m. This insert is insulated by a thin insulating layer 40 against the base substance 35 of the brush 12.
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows the size of the frequency-dependent impedance Z detected by the measuring device 32 in the section I at the end of the brush life, in section II for the range of entry 38 into the detection range of the sensor 24 to the full coverage of the measuring range through the insert 38, and in section III the value of the sensor 24 measured
  • Impedance Z of a new brush as long as the section 36, or the insert 38 has no influence on the impedance of the sensor 24.
  • FIGS. 3a and 3b the curves of the voltage supplied by the signal generator 34 U and the signal current I shown, the curve in FIG. 3a Section I for a badly worn brush and the course in FIG. 3b in Section III for a new brush.
  • the difference .DELTA.I corresponds to the advanced wear of the brush.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 show by way of example two different designs of a two-component brush, each having an insert 38 with respect to the ground substance 35 significantly increased electrical conductivity ⁇ 2.
  • the insert 38 with a suitably shaped portion 42 in a dovetail groove 44 of the brush body inserted.
  • the outer dimensions of the insert 38 made of the material of higher conductivity ⁇ 2 are adapted to the dimensions of the brush, so that it can be accommodated freely in the brush holder 18 without hindrance without structural alteration.
  • FIG. 5 which has an insert 38 connected to the base substance 35 of the brush 12 by a riveting 46. Again, the outer geometry of the brush remains unchanged.
  • the insulation between the insert 38 and the base substance 35 of the brush takes place in each case by a suitable insulating coating of the insert 38, on the representation in the FIGS. 4 and 5 has been omitted.
  • the monitoring device according to the invention or the monitoring method according to the invention thus enable a continuous monitoring of brush wear in electric motors in drive or generator applications, in particular caused by different operating conditions different wear of the brushes can be found in good time before their failure.
  • This applies for example, for use in the automotive sector, where a different operation and / or different environmental conditions, such as pollution, can cause a greatly shortened life of the brushes of electrical machines.
  • a gradual warning is made possible by a visual, audible or other warning signal, which gives the user the time and the opportunity to prevent foreseeable disruptions in good time. This can result in significant follow-up costs Surprising failure of the electrical machine and in particular also caused thereby risks, for example in traffic, timely and certainly avoided.

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  • Motor Or Generator Current Collectors (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Balai destiné à un système de pistes de glissement ou de commutateur d'une machine électrique, comportant un dispositif de surveillance de l'usure du balai, comportant un dispositif capteur sans contact permettant de déterminer la longueur du balai et une unité d'évaluation (30) qui comporte un dispositif de mesure d'impédance (32) ainsi qu'un générateur de signal (34), dans lequel le dispositif capteur est un capteur d'impédance (24) qui est relié à l'unité d'évaluation (30), et dans lequel le capteur d'impédance (24) comporte un noyau magnétique (28) et une bobine (26) et est relié au générateur de signal (34) pour générer un courant alternatif (I) dans le capteur d'impédance (24), et dans lequel le capteur d'impédance (24) est disposé en position fixe et de manière adjacente au balai (12) pouvant être déplacé dans un support de balai (18), caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une partie (36, 38) du balai (12) présente une conductivité électrique (γ2) qui diffère de la conductivité (γ1) de la substance de base (35) du balai (12), et dans lequel la partie (36, 38) intégrée dans le balai (12) est électriquement isolée avec une conductivité électrique (γ2) différente par rapport à la substance de base (35) du balai (12), et dans lequel une variation de la conductivité peut être détectée par le capteur d'impédance (24), dans lequel une impédance (Z) du capteur d'impédance (24) peut être détectée dans le dispositif de mesure d'impédance (32) et peut être délivrée sous forme de signal numérique (48) à une unité de diagnostic.
  2. Balai comportant un dispositif de surveillance selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la substance de base (35) du balai (12) présente une conductivité électrique (γ1) plus faible que celle de la partie (36, 38) intégrée dans le balai (12).
  3. Balai comportant un dispositif de surveillance selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la substance de base (35) du balai (12) est constituée d'un matériau carboné non chargé ou chargé de métal et d'un insert (38) métallique, de préférence de cuivre.
  4. Balai comportant un dispositif de surveillance selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le capteur d'impédance (24) est intégré à un support de balai (18) et est disposé en position fixe par rapport à celui-ci et par rapport au système de piste de glissement ou de commutateur.
  5. Balai comportant un dispositif de surveillance selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la partie (36, 38) présentant la conductivité électrique (γ2) différente de la substance de base (35) du balai (12) est disposée dans la zone d'extrémité du déplacement admissible du balai à la périphérie du balai (12).
  6. Balai comportant un dispositif de surveillance selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la partie (36, 38) présentant la conductivité électrique (γ2) différente de celle de la substance de base (35) du balai (12) est réalisée de manière séparée et est fixée au balai (12) par une liaison (42, 44) par complémentarité de forme, de préférence par liaison en forme de queue d'aronde et/ou par collage et/ou par un rivetage (46).
  7. Balai comportant un dispositif de surveillance selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la partie (36, 38) présentant la conductivité électrique (γ2) différente de celle de la substance de base (35) du balai (12) est déformée et de préférence comprimée lors d'une opération consistant à obtenir un balai fini (12) lors de la fabrication du balai (12) en association avec le matériau (γ1) de la substance de base (35).
  8. Procédé destiné à la surveillance de l'usure d'un balai du système de pistes de glissement ou de commutateur d'une machine électrique, dans lequel un dispositif capteur sans contact délivre à une unité d'évaluation un signal correspondant à l'usure du balai, caractérisé en ce qu'un capteur d'impédance (24) disposé en position fixe obtient en provenance d'un générateur de signal (34) un signal (U, I) et délivre à l'unité d'évaluation (30) un signal d'impédance (Z) variable en fonction de la valeur de conductivité (γ1, γ2) d'une partie (36, 38) du balai déplaçable (12) adjacente au capteur (24), en tant que mesure de l'usure du balai (12) et/ou de la longueur de balai restante, dans lequel une impédance (Z) du capteur d'impédance (24) est détectée par un dispositif de mesure (32) dans l'unité d'évaluation (30) et est délivrée sous forme de signal numérique (48) à une unité de diagnostic, et dans lequel une partie (36, 38) intégrée au balai (12) et ayant une conductivité électrique différente est électriquement isolée par rapport à une substance de base (35) du balai (12) et est traversée par un courant de fonctionnement du balai (12) .
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que le balai (12) est déconnecté de l'alimentation en tension (14, 16) par le signal de sortie (48) de l'unité d'évaluation (30) dès qu'une valeur de seuil prédéterminée du signal d'impédance (Z) est dépassée.
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 8 ou 9, caractérisé en ce que la surveillance de l'usure du balai est effectuée en permanence en fonction du déplacement du balai (12) par rapport au support de balai (18).
  11. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 10, caractérisé en ce que le capteur d'impédance (24) délivre à l'unité d'évaluation (30) un signal de mesure (Z) variant pas à pas et/ou continument en tant que mesure de l'usure du balai.
  12. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 11, caractérisé en ce que l'unité d'évaluation (30) du capteur d'impédance (24) délivre un signal (48), de préférence numérique, en tant que signal de commande à une unité de diagnostic et/ou à un instrument d'affichage d'un véhicule automobile.
EP06125064.3A 2005-12-22 2006-11-30 Balai destiné à un système de pistes de glissement ou de commutateur d'une machine électrique avec un dispositif de surveillance de l'usure du balai ainsi qu'un procédé de surveillance de l'usure d'un balai Active EP1801938B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005061412A DE102005061412A1 (de) 2005-12-22 2005-12-22 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Überwachung der Abnutzung einer Bürste

Publications (3)

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EP1801938A2 EP1801938A2 (fr) 2007-06-27
EP1801938A3 EP1801938A3 (fr) 2014-04-23
EP1801938B1 true EP1801938B1 (fr) 2017-12-27

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EP06125064.3A Active EP1801938B1 (fr) 2005-12-22 2006-11-30 Balai destiné à un système de pistes de glissement ou de commutateur d'une machine électrique avec un dispositif de surveillance de l'usure du balai ainsi qu'un procédé de surveillance de l'usure d'un balai

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EP (1) EP1801938B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102005061412A1 (fr)

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EP2112518A1 (fr) 2008-04-25 2009-10-28 ALSTOM Technology Ltd Moniteur d'usure de brosse
DE102010040525A1 (de) 2010-09-09 2012-03-15 Robert Bosch Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Verschleißüberwachung einer Bürste eines Kommutatorsystems in einer elektrischen Maschine
GB201104155D0 (en) * 2011-03-11 2011-04-27 Esdaco Bvba Apparatus for monitoring of brushes in particular slipring or commutator brushes, on electrical machines
DE102011088500B4 (de) * 2011-12-14 2013-06-27 Robert Bosch Gmbh Elektrische Maschine für ein Kraftfahrzeug
JP6116159B2 (ja) 2012-08-27 2017-04-19 キヤノン株式会社 スリップリング、スリップリング電気システム、及びロボット
US9252643B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2016-02-02 Cutsforth, Inc. System and method for monitoring the status of one or more components of an electrical machine
DE102014226322A1 (de) 2014-12-17 2016-06-23 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Bürstenverschleiß im Gleichstrommotor
JP2018518933A (ja) 2015-06-01 2018-07-12 カッツフォース インコーポレイテッドＣｕｔｓｆｏｒｔｈ，Ｉｎｃ． ブラシホルダおよび振動の監視
EP3403153B1 (fr) 2016-01-11 2020-12-30 Cutsforth, Inc. Système de contrôle destiné à un appareil de mise à la terre
DE102016221226A1 (de) * 2016-10-27 2018-05-03 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verschleißüberwachungsvorrichtung einer Bürste einer Stromübertragungseinrichtung in einer elektrischen Maschine
DE102017207265A1 (de) * 2017-04-28 2018-10-31 Schunk Carbon Technology Gmbh Messvorrichtung und Verfahren zur Messung eines Verschleißzustandes
DE102017115744A1 (de) * 2017-07-13 2019-01-17 Conductix-Wampfler Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Erkennung des Verschleißes eines Schleifkontaktes und Schleifleitungssystem
EP3861605A1 (fr) 2018-10-04 2021-08-11 Cutsforth, Inc. Système et procédé pour surveiller l'état d'un ou plusieurs composant(s) d'une machine électrique
US11355991B2 (en) 2018-10-04 2022-06-07 Cutsforth, Inc. System and method for monitoring the status of one or more components of an electrical machine
DE102021107839A1 (de) * 2021-03-29 2022-09-29 Metabowerke Gmbh Schichtkohlebürste für einen Elektromotor
CN114204734B (zh) * 2021-12-13 2022-08-26 常州鼎唐电机有限公司 一种磨损率小具有高寿命的电机

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Publication number Publication date
EP1801938A2 (fr) 2007-06-27
DE102005061412A1 (de) 2007-06-28
EP1801938A3 (fr) 2014-04-23

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