EP1801938A2 - Dispositif et procédé destinés à la surveillance de l'usure d'un balai - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé destinés à la surveillance de l'usure d'un balai Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1801938A2
EP1801938A2 EP06125064A EP06125064A EP1801938A2 EP 1801938 A2 EP1801938 A2 EP 1801938A2 EP 06125064 A EP06125064 A EP 06125064A EP 06125064 A EP06125064 A EP 06125064A EP 1801938 A2 EP1801938 A2 EP 1801938A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
brush
sensor
monitoring device
signal
wear
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP06125064A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1801938A3 (fr
EP1801938B1 (fr
Inventor
Anton Paweletz
Robert Schenk
Gunter Meyer
Thomas Peuser
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SEG Automotive Germany GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP1801938A2 publication Critical patent/EP1801938A2/fr
Publication of EP1801938A3 publication Critical patent/EP1801938A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1801938B1 publication Critical patent/EP1801938B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
    • H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
    • H01R39/58—Means structurally associated with the current collector for indicating condition thereof, e.g. for indicating brush wear

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an arrangement for monitoring the wear of a brush of the slideway or commutator of an electric machine, as for example from the DE 10257623 A1 has become known.
  • This document shows a diagnostic device for determining the length of slip ring brushes in Schleifbahnan effet füren, or collectors of electrical machines.
  • an inductive sensor is provided for determining the brush length, which is connected to an evaluation unit for evaluating the sensor signals for determining a value corresponding to the brush length.
  • the inductive sensor has one or more coils which comprise the brush as a whole.
  • optical, capacitive or electrical sensors are mentioned, wherein the electrical determination of the brush length by resistance detection is not contactless but by scanning.
  • FIG. 1 Another known device for contactless monitoring of the brushes of an electric machine is in the DE 19619733 A described.
  • This document discloses a brush holder with a housing in which a brush slidably disposed against a spring force and can be brought into contact with a slip ring.
  • the plug brush holder has a monitoring unit with at least one sensor, which triggers a signal from a predetermined displacement of the brush in the direction of the slip ring.
  • the monitoring unit also in the form of an inductive displacement sensor, arranged in a separate, bolted to the brush holder housing.
  • a core of the inductive displacement sensor is coupled to the brush via a pin-shaped extension and via a further coaxial with the brush arranged connecting element and along with this longitudinally displaceable.
  • Such an arrangement is complicated and requires additional space within the machine, thereby increasing their dimensions and significantly increasing the manufacturing cost.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an apparatus and a method for monitoring the wear of a brush of an electric machine, which operate reliable, can be produced at low cost and require little or no additional space in the machine, so that they are in conventional Brush systems can be integrated or exchanged for them. This is achieved by the characterizing features of the parent device and method claims.
  • the base substance of the brush has a significantly different, preferably lower electrical conductivity ⁇ 1 than the measuring section integrated in the brush.
  • the base substance of the brush consists of an unfilled or of a metal-filled carbon material with an electrical conductance ⁇ 1 in the range between about 0.05 and 20 MS / m, while the use in the brush for clear demarcation of the impedance Z measured from the sensor made of metal , preferably made of copper with an electrical conductivity ⁇ 2 of 56 to 57 MS / m.
  • the measuring principle can also be reversed by using a dielectric material as the material for the section with deviating electrical conductivity ⁇ 2 that is integrated into the brush, so that the impedance Z clearly drops in this measuring range the permissible wear area of the brush.
  • it can be advantageous in particular when using the invention in commutator motors, when the integrated into the brush section with different electrical conductivity with respect to the ground substance of the brush electrically insulated and not flowed through by the working current of the brush to the influence of the operating current to the impedance measurement prevent.
  • the connection between the mission and the brush can also be made by gluing, so that with regard to the design of the parts to be joined no or almost no additional effort.
  • a positive connection can be additionally secured by an adhesive connection.
  • a riveted connection between the brush and the insert is advantageous.
  • the impedance sensor is structurally separated from the evaluation unit and integrated as a compact unit directly into the brush holder.
  • the evaluation unit advantageously a signal generator for the supply of the sensor with an AC voltage U can be integrated.
  • Such an arrangement is structurally very variable and can be easily installed without significant additional space in the brush area of the machine.
  • the inventive method for monitoring the wear of a brush of the slideway or Kommutatorsystems an electrical machine is characterized in that a fixedly arranged impedance sensor with an AC voltage U or a signal sequence in the frequency range of 100 kHz to 30 MHz, preferably in a range of 500 kHz is fed to 3MHz.
  • the sensor supplies therefrom a variable impedance signal as a measure of the remaining brush length to an evaluation unit.
  • This method is very reliable with little additional effort and ensures an easily detectable by simple means measuring signal for the wear of the brush, so that conventional difficulties caused by an unforeseen brush failure can be avoided.
  • the brush is turned off by the output of the evaluation of the power supply, as soon as a predetermined signal level is exceeded. This ensures that consequential damage is safely avoided in critical applications.
  • FIG. 2 shows the change in the impedance value Z measured with increasing wear of the brush.
  • Figure 3 the course of an input AC signal and the respective current I through the impedance sensor, in the representation 3a at high impedance value Z corresponding to a high electrical conductance in the brush and in the representation 3b at a low impedance value Z corresponding to a low electrical conductance of the Impedance sensor adjacent brush part
  • Figure 4 is an example of a positive connection between the body of a brush and a use of a material with different electrical conductance
  • in Figure 5 another example of a brush with an attached by a rivet on the brush body insert from a material with different electrical conductance.
  • 10 denotes a slip ring or commutator of an electric machine, not shown, which is connected via a brush 12 and a wire 13 to the positive terminal 14 of a DC voltage network.
  • the brush 12 is held longitudinally displaceable in a brush holder 18 to the commutator or slip ring 10 and is pressed by a spring 20 which is centered on an extension 22 of the brush 12 to the slip ring or commutator 10.
  • the negative terminal 16 of the DC voltage network is connected to a further, only schematically drawn brush, which is designed and maintained similar.
  • the monitoring device for the wear of the brush 12 has a contactless sensor device in the form of an impedance sensor 24 with a coil 26 and an E-shaped magnetic core 28, which is arranged directly adjacent to the brush 12 adjacent and the brush has no closed magnetic circuit.
  • the impedance sensor 24 is connected to an evaluation unit 30, which includes an impedance measuring device 32 and a signal generator 34 for feeding the coil 26 with a high-frequency voltage U.
  • the immediately adjacent to the impedance sensor 24, in the brush holder 18 longitudinally guided brush 12 is designed as a two-component component. It consists essentially of an unfilled or partially metal-filled carbon material with an electrical conductivity ⁇ 1 in the range between about 0.05 and 20 MS / m.
  • an insert 38 inserted from a material having a significantly higher electrical conductivity ⁇ 2, for example, a copper insert with a conductivity of 56th up to 57 MS / m. This insert is insulated by a thin insulating layer 40 against the base substance 35 of the brush 12.
  • the device works as follows:
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows the size of the frequency-dependent impedance Z detected by the measuring device 32 in the section I at the end of the brush life, in section II for the region of entry of the insert 38 into the detection range of the sensor 24 until the full coverage of the measuring region by the insert 38 , and in section III the value measured by the sensor 24 Impedance Z of a new brush, as long as the section 36, or the insert 38 has no influence on the impedance of the sensor 24.
  • FIGS. 3a and 3b corresponds to the characteristic sections I and III in FIG. 2, the curves of the voltage U and the signal current I supplied by the signal generator 34 are shown in FIGS. 3a and 3b, the curve in FIG. 3a being the section I for a heavily worn brush and the curve in FIG 3b corresponds to section III for a new brush.
  • the difference .DELTA.I corresponds to the advanced wear of the brush.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 show, by way of example, two different designs of a two-component brush, each of which has an insert 38 with a significantly increased electrical conductivity ⁇ 2 compared to the base substance 35.
  • the insert 38 with a suitably shaped section 42 can be inserted into a dovetail groove 44 of the brush main body.
  • the outer dimensions of the insert 38 made of the material of higher conductivity ⁇ 2 are adapted to the dimensions of the brush, so that it can be accommodated freely in the brush holder 18 without hindrance without structural alteration.
  • FIG. 5 which has an insert 38 connected to the base substance 35 of the brush 12 by a riveting 46. Again, the outer geometry of the brush remains unchanged.
  • the insulation between the insert 38 and the base substance 35 of the brush takes place in each case by a suitable insulating coating of the insert 38, the representation of which has been dispensed with in FIGS. 4 and 5.
  • the monitoring device according to the invention or the monitoring method according to the invention thus enable a continuous monitoring of brush wear in electric motors in drive or generator applications, in particular caused by different operating conditions different wear of the brushes can be found in good time before their failure.
  • This applies for example, for use in the automotive sector, where a different operation and / or different environmental conditions, such as pollution, can cause a greatly shortened life of the brushes of electrical machines.
  • a gradual warning is made possible by a visual, audible or other warning signal, which gives the user the time and the opportunity to prevent foreseeable disruptions in good time. This can result in significant follow-up costs Surprising failure of the electrical machine and in particular also caused thereby risks, for example in traffic, timely and certainly avoided.

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  • Motor Or Generator Current Collectors (AREA)
EP06125064.3A 2005-12-22 2006-11-30 Balai destiné à un système de pistes de glissement ou de commutateur d'une machine électrique avec un dispositif de surveillance de l'usure du balai ainsi qu'un procédé de surveillance de l'usure d'un balai Active EP1801938B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005061412A DE102005061412A1 (de) 2005-12-22 2005-12-22 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Überwachung der Abnutzung einer Bürste

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1801938A2 true EP1801938A2 (fr) 2007-06-27
EP1801938A3 EP1801938A3 (fr) 2014-04-23
EP1801938B1 EP1801938B1 (fr) 2017-12-27

Family

ID=37856296

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06125064.3A Active EP1801938B1 (fr) 2005-12-22 2006-11-30 Balai destiné à un système de pistes de glissement ou de commutateur d'une machine électrique avec un dispositif de surveillance de l'usure du balai ainsi qu'un procédé de surveillance de l'usure d'un balai

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1801938B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102005061412A1 (fr)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2112518A1 (fr) * 2008-04-25 2009-10-28 ALSTOM Technology Ltd Moniteur d'usure de brosse
WO2012123402A1 (fr) * 2011-03-11 2012-09-20 Esdaco Bvba Appareil pour la surveillance de balais, en particulier de balais de bagues ou de balais de collecteur, sur des machines électriques
US9252643B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2016-02-02 Cutsforth, Inc. System and method for monitoring the status of one or more components of an electrical machine
DE102014226322A1 (de) 2014-12-17 2016-06-23 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Bürstenverschleiß im Gleichstrommotor
WO2018078085A1 (fr) * 2016-10-27 2018-05-03 Robert Bosch Gmbh Dispositif de surveillance d'usure d'un balai d'un dispositif de surveillance de courant dans une machine électrique
US10348047B2 (en) 2015-06-01 2019-07-09 Cutsforth, Inc. Brush wear and vibration monitoring
US10371726B2 (en) 2016-01-11 2019-08-06 Cutsforth, Inc. Monitoring system for grounding apparatus
US11211757B2 (en) 2018-10-04 2021-12-28 Cutsforth, Inc. System and method for monitoring the status of one or more components of an electrical machine
CN114204734A (zh) * 2021-12-13 2022-03-18 常州鼎唐电机有限公司 一种磨损率小具有高寿命的电机
US11355991B2 (en) 2018-10-04 2022-06-07 Cutsforth, Inc. System and method for monitoring the status of one or more components of an electrical machine

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010040525A1 (de) 2010-09-09 2012-03-15 Robert Bosch Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Verschleißüberwachung einer Bürste eines Kommutatorsystems in einer elektrischen Maschine
DE102011088500B4 (de) * 2011-12-14 2013-06-27 Robert Bosch Gmbh Elektrische Maschine für ein Kraftfahrzeug
JP6116159B2 (ja) 2012-08-27 2017-04-19 キヤノン株式会社 スリップリング、スリップリング電気システム、及びロボット
DE102017207265A1 (de) * 2017-04-28 2018-10-31 Schunk Carbon Technology Gmbh Messvorrichtung und Verfahren zur Messung eines Verschleißzustandes
DE102017115744A1 (de) * 2017-07-13 2019-01-17 Conductix-Wampfler Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Erkennung des Verschleißes eines Schleifkontaktes und Schleifleitungssystem
DE102021107839A1 (de) * 2021-03-29 2022-09-29 Metabowerke Gmbh Schichtkohlebürste für einen Elektromotor

Citations (5)

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SU729708A1 (ru) * 1977-12-26 1980-04-25 Рижский Краснознаменный Институт Инженеров Гражданской Авиации Им. Ленинского Комсомола Бесконтактный измеритель положени щетки электрической машины
SU756529A1 (ru) * 1978-07-24 1980-08-15 Rizhskij Krasnoznam Grazh Индуктивный измеритель износа щетки электрической машины 1
SU860187A2 (ru) * 1979-10-31 1981-08-30 Рижский Краснознаменный Институт Инженеров Гражданской Авиации Им.Ленинского Комсомола Индуктивный измеритель износа щетки электрической машины
US4344072A (en) * 1979-12-10 1982-08-10 Harper Jr Harold L Worn brush indicator
DE10257623A1 (de) * 2002-12-09 2004-07-22 Schleifring Und Apparatebau Gmbh Diagnosevorrichtung für Schleifringbürsten

Family Cites Families (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19619733A1 (de) * 1996-05-15 1997-11-20 Siemens Ag Steckbürstenhalter sowie eine Einrichtung und ein Verfahren zum Überwachen der Bürste
US5870026A (en) * 1997-07-15 1999-02-09 The Morgan Crucible Company Plc Brush wear indicator
DE19743080B9 (de) * 1997-09-30 2004-10-21 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Überwachen des Verschleißzustands der Kommutatorbürste des Elektromotors einer Fahrzeugkraftstoffpumpe
DE10222618B4 (de) * 2001-05-23 2005-03-10 Lust Antriebstechnik Gmbh Anordnung zur Bestimmung der axialen Lage einer Welle
EP1406357A1 (fr) * 2002-10-04 2004-04-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Alimentation du courant d'excitation pour une machine électrique tournante

Patent Citations (5)

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SU729708A1 (ru) * 1977-12-26 1980-04-25 Рижский Краснознаменный Институт Инженеров Гражданской Авиации Им. Ленинского Комсомола Бесконтактный измеритель положени щетки электрической машины
SU756529A1 (ru) * 1978-07-24 1980-08-15 Rizhskij Krasnoznam Grazh Индуктивный измеритель износа щетки электрической машины 1
SU860187A2 (ru) * 1979-10-31 1981-08-30 Рижский Краснознаменный Институт Инженеров Гражданской Авиации Им.Ленинского Комсомола Индуктивный измеритель износа щетки электрической машины
US4344072A (en) * 1979-12-10 1982-08-10 Harper Jr Harold L Worn brush indicator
DE10257623A1 (de) * 2002-12-09 2004-07-22 Schleifring Und Apparatebau Gmbh Diagnosevorrichtung für Schleifringbürsten

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7923892B2 (en) 2008-04-25 2011-04-12 Alstom Technology Ltd Switch for a brush wear recording circuit
US8084704B2 (en) 2008-04-25 2011-12-27 Alstom Technology Ltd Switch for a brush wear recording circuit
US8120503B2 (en) 2008-04-25 2012-02-21 Alstom Technology Ltd Brush wear monitor having mounted flags interactable with an impedance dependent switch
CN101567607B (zh) * 2008-04-25 2013-04-17 阿尔斯托姆科技有限公司 用于电刷磨损记录电路的开关
EP2112518A1 (fr) * 2008-04-25 2009-10-28 ALSTOM Technology Ltd Moniteur d'usure de brosse
US9599450B2 (en) 2011-03-11 2017-03-21 Esdaco Bvba Apparatus for monitoring of brushes, in particular slipring or commutator brushes, on electrical machines
WO2012123402A1 (fr) * 2011-03-11 2012-09-20 Esdaco Bvba Appareil pour la surveillance de balais, en particulier de balais de bagues ou de balais de collecteur, sur des machines électriques
US20140009142A1 (en) * 2011-03-11 2014-01-09 Esdaco Bvba Apparatus for monitoring of brushes, in particular slipring or commutator brushes, on electrical machines
US9640930B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2017-05-02 Cutsforth, Inc. System and method for monitoring the status of one or more components of an electrical machine
US9252643B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2016-02-02 Cutsforth, Inc. System and method for monitoring the status of one or more components of an electrical machine
USRE48756E1 (en) 2013-03-14 2021-09-28 Cutsforth, Inc. System and method for monitoring the status of one or more components of an electrical machine
DE102014226322A1 (de) 2014-12-17 2016-06-23 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Bürstenverschleiß im Gleichstrommotor
US11050205B2 (en) 2015-06-01 2021-06-29 Cutsforth, Inc. Brush wear and vibration monitoring
US10348047B2 (en) 2015-06-01 2019-07-09 Cutsforth, Inc. Brush wear and vibration monitoring
US10371726B2 (en) 2016-01-11 2019-08-06 Cutsforth, Inc. Monitoring system for grounding apparatus
US10649011B2 (en) 2016-01-11 2020-05-12 Cutsforth, Inc. Monitoring system for grounding apparatus
WO2018078085A1 (fr) * 2016-10-27 2018-05-03 Robert Bosch Gmbh Dispositif de surveillance d'usure d'un balai d'un dispositif de surveillance de courant dans une machine électrique
US11211757B2 (en) 2018-10-04 2021-12-28 Cutsforth, Inc. System and method for monitoring the status of one or more components of an electrical machine
US11355991B2 (en) 2018-10-04 2022-06-07 Cutsforth, Inc. System and method for monitoring the status of one or more components of an electrical machine
US11616413B2 (en) 2018-10-04 2023-03-28 Cutsforth, Inc. System and method for monitoring the status of one or more components of an electrical machine
US11949314B2 (en) 2018-10-04 2024-04-02 Cutsforth, Inc. System and method for monitoring the status of one or more components of an electrical machine
US12003067B2 (en) 2018-10-04 2024-06-04 Cutsforth, Inc. System and method for monitoring the status of one or more components of an electrical machine
CN114204734A (zh) * 2021-12-13 2022-03-18 常州鼎唐电机有限公司 一种磨损率小具有高寿命的电机

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102005061412A1 (de) 2007-06-28
EP1801938A3 (fr) 2014-04-23
EP1801938B1 (fr) 2017-12-27

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