EP2422153B1 - Drying and/or curing installation - Google Patents

Description

Technical area

The invention relates to a drying and / or curing plant, which is used in particular for drying and / or curing of coated and / or glued workpieces. Specifically, the invention relates to the field of continuous dryers, continuous hardening plants, chamber dryers and chamber hardening plants in which glued and / or painted bodies or body parts can be dried and / or cured. Furthermore, the invention relates to a paint shop with such a drying and / or curing plant.

From the DE 29 45 914 A1 is a painting with paint spray booths known, which is followed by a hot air-fed drying system for the painted workpieces. The paint shop is constantly flowed through by a tempered fresh or mixed air stream, which is enriched with paint mist exhaust air cleaned by a circulating water operated washing device. Furthermore, a heat pump for energy recovery is provided which has a water tank as a heat storage, a collecting container for the circulating water of the paint spray booths also serves as a heat storage for the heat pump. The heat pump also serves to supply energy to the drying plant. The known heat pump is designed here as a motor-driven heat pump.

The from the DE 29 45 914 A1 known drying plant, which is connected downstream of the paint shop, has the disadvantage that a large amount of fresh air is required to meet the requirements for avoiding solvent enrichment and to ensure a seal to the outside. The heating of this amount of fresh air leads to a high energy demand. Thus, the operation of the drying plant is associated with a high energy consumption and thus high costs.

The US 3,947,235 discloses a paint shop drying system according to the preamble of the first claim, in which there are airlocked airlocks with a mixture of fresh air and pretreated exhaust air.

Presentation of the invention

The object of the invention is to provide a drying and / or curing plant and a paint shop with such a drying and / or curing plant, which allows optimized energy consumption.

The object is achieved by a drying and / or curing system according to the invention with the features of claim 1 and a paint shop with the features of claim 13.

The measures listed in the dependent claims advantageous refinements are possible.

Advantageously, the amount of fresh air and the amount of exhaust air can be optimized. It is also possible that the amount of exhaust air discharged from a zone is wholly or partly recycled to the drying and / or curing plant. The amount of exhaust air can thereby serve wholly or partly as a circulating air volume.

It is advantageous if at least one adjustable in terms of their throughput fan unit is provided, which is assigned to the zone. Advantageously, the fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity control controls the fan unit and regulates the flow rate to the volume of fresh air introduced into the zone and / or adjust the volume of exhaust air that can be diverted from the zone as needed. Here, a fan unit may be provided with a plurality of possibly different fans and assigned to a zone. Several fans can be controlled independently of each other and switched individually in the manner of a simple on / off control. The multiple, individually switchable fans work together preferably as a step-by-step fan unit. Furthermore, several zones can be provided, each of which is assigned one or more fan units. In addition, it is possible for a fan unit to serve multiple zones. By using a fan unit with at least one frequency-controlled fan, it is possible to vary the fresh air and / or exhaust air amount quickly and easily. This can optimize energy consumption. Likewise, in all embodiments, a fan can be provided with adjustable rotor blades in order to realize a throughput / volume flow adjustment with this can.

It is furthermore advantageous if a fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity control varies the fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity in particular by means of an adjustable fan unit so that the fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity is sufficient to prevent condensation in the zone. It can preferably be provided that the dew point in the zone or the actual relative and / or absolute air humidity is determined and used as influencing variables for the system control. As a result, on the one hand, the energy consumption can be optimized and, on the other hand, the amount of fresh air required for the tightness of sluice zones can be set sufficiently large in order to prevent condensation in the system.

The amount of fresh air can also be optimized in relation to other requirements. For example, a solvent enrichment in the air of the drying and / or curing plant can be limited with respect to a predetermined limit. For example, the solvent enrichment can be limited to less than 25% of the lower explosion limit (LEL) according to DIN EN 1539. For a calculation of the amount of fresh air to avoid such solvent enrichment then the LEL according to DIN EN 1539 is authoritative and for ensuring the slipperiness, in particular by thermal separation by air curtain, empirical formulas are used. In order to meet both criteria, the larger of the two values resulting from a full utilization of the dryer or hardener would have to be selected for the installed fresh air quantity. The amount of fresh air supplied and thus the energy consumption of the system can be optimized with respect to the compliance of such limits. This is particularly advantageous for a temporary partial utilization of the system.

It is advantageous if the fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity control controls the fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity as a function of a current number of supplied workpieces. For example, a number of introduced into the plant workpieces, in particular the number of bodies or body parts, are counted to determine the utilization rate of the system. With a high number of workpieces, which are hardened and / or dried in the drying and / or curing plant or the paint shop (plant), the fresh air amount can be increased to a predetermined value, for example, by empirical formulas and / or by a individually performed measurement is determined. At a lower utilization then a corresponding reduction in the amount of fresh air can be done.

It is advantageous if the fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity control sets the fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity as a function of instantaneous moisture in at least one zone, in particular in a zone designed as a lock zone. By measuring the humidity of the air (relative or absolute humidity) in the lock zone, a process can be secured in the system, since condensation in the lock chamber and thus also in the usable space is prevented from the outset. Here, a sucked from the environment, cold ambient air, in particular hall air, are brought by means of an intermediate air-air heat exchanger through the heated fresh air to temperature before it comes into contact with the lock air circulation. Condensation in the system is thus counteracted.

It is advantageous if the fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity control the amount of fresh air and / or exhaust air in dependence on a size based on an emission of organic substances (hydrocarbon compounds) in at least one zone, especially in a designed as a lock zone zone, based, controls and / or that the fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity control sets the fresh air and / or exhaust air depending on an energy consumption of a heater, in particular a gas consumption of a gas burner of the heater and / or the position of a gas control valve for the gas burner of the heater. This variable, which is based on the emission of organic substances in the plant or a working space or a zone of the plant, can be measured at a measuring point in the working space or the zone or in an exhaust duct by means of one or more sensors. With respect to a given setpoint for this size, the drying and / or curing plant may optionally also perform a control. However, this quantity may also serve as a control parameter, which may be taken into account together with other control parameters. About the energy supply, in particular the gas consumption or the position of the gas control valve, said size can also be determined indirectly. That is, in the form of the energy supply of the heater is given an indirect process variable in the work space, which can serve for control or regulation.

It is advantageous if this size, which is based on the emission of organic substances, is a so-called total carbon Cges in the exhaust air. A Cges rule is concerned with counteracting a solvent increase, in particular to limit solvent enrichment to 25% of the lower explosion limit (LEL). The total amount of carbon (total carbon Cges) can be determined absolutely or relatively. In a relative determination, a determination of the total amount of carbon in the exhaust air takes place based on the volume of the exhaust air. This represents a concentration measurement. This can be reliable the achievement of an explosion limit can be prevented. In the context of the total carbon quantity determination, hydrocarbons in particular are recorded with regard to their carbon content and possibly weighted. In a modified embodiment, similar quantities such as a total amount of halogen, a total amount of hydrogen or a total amount of CO2 may alternatively or additionally be used.

It is advantageous if the fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity control controls the fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity as a function of a current total heat capacity of the air and / or a total amount of carbon in the air in at least one zone, in particular in a zone designed as a lock zone, and / or that the fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity control sets the fresh air and / or exhaust air depending on an energy consumption of a heater, in particular a gas consumption of a gas burner of the heater and / or the position of a gas control valve for the gas burner of the heater. The gas consumption or the position of the TAR gas control flap, which is the position of the gas control flap for the thermal exhaust air purification (TAR), preferably serves as an indirect process variable for the determination of the total carbon content (Cges). The total carbon content in the exhaust air can be measured at a suitably arranged measuring point, for example in an exhaust duct, by means of one or more sensors. With regard to a predetermined setpoint for the total carbon, the drying and / or curing plant may optionally also perform a control. However, the total carbon of the exhaust air may also serve as a control parameter which may be considered along with other control parameters. By the energy consumption, in particular the gas consumption or the position of the gas control flap, the total carbon of the exhaust air can also be determined indirectly. That is, by the energy consumption (gas consumption) of the heater is given an indirect process variable for the determination of the total carbon of the exhaust air in the work space, which can be used for control or regulation.

In a drying and / or curing plant according to the invention, a zone configured as a lock zone is provided with at least one nozzle arranged at an outer end of the lock zone.

Such a nozzle can be designed in different ways, for example as a slot nozzle or exhaust opening. A desired flow for the fresh air quantity introduced into the zone can advantageously be predefined by the nozzle. Here, a targeted mixture of fresh air and air serving as circulating air in the lock zone is possible.

It is also advantageous if the nozzle is directed into an interior of the lock zone or if the nozzle forms a fresh air curtain at the outer end of the lock zone. As a result, the provided in the system, heated air can be kept in the system. In this case, a thermal pressure of the warm system atmosphere can be counteracted by the nozzle. A reduction of the supplied fresh air can be compensated for example by a corresponding increase in a mixed to the fresh air exhaust air.

It is advantageous if a further zone, in particular a holding zone, is provided and if the fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity control controls or regulates the fresh air quantity which can be introduced into the sluice zone and the exhaust air quantity which can be diverted from the further zone. For example, in the holding zone increased evaporation of solvents or the like can take place. However, the actual accumulation of air in the holding zone can vary considerably, especially at different capacity utilization of the system. By controlling the discharged from the holding zone exhaust air amount can thus be an optimization of energy requirements. This is particularly advantageous when this amount of exhaust air must be completely or partially replaced by fresh air, which is to heat up accordingly.

It is advantageous to introduce at least part of the exhaust air quantity which can be diverted from the further zone into the lock zone with the fresh air quantity which can be introduced into the lock zone, wherein preferably the fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity control controls or regulates at least indirectly the part of the exhaust air quantity which can be introduced into the lock zone. Here, for example, a reduced amount of fresh air can be compensated by increasing the amount of fresh air added exhaust air. Moreover, it is advantageous if the amount of exhaust air is removed from a holding zone or the like, in which the solvent enrichment is large, to evenly distribute the air in the system. The exceeding of a limit value can be prevented in an advantageous manner.

It is also advantageous if a part of the exhaust air quantity which can be diverted from the further zone of the fresh air quantity which can be introduced into the sluice zone is admixed before being introduced into the sluice zone and / or if the fresh air quantity and the exhaust air quantity which can be introduced into the sluice zone are separated from one another Sluice zone are conductive. Furthermore, it is advantageous if a slot nozzle is provided, at which the fresh air quantity and the exhaust air quantity can be introduced into the lock zone. Here, the fresh air can be heated by the warm air. A heating of the fresh air can be optimized thereby.

Fig. 1

eine erste Anlage in einer schematischen Darstellung;

Fig. 2

eine zweite Anlage in einer schematischen Darstellung;

Fig. 3

eine dritte Anlage in einer schematischen Darstellung;

Fig. 4

eine Schleusenzone einer Anlage entsprechend einer möglichen Ausgestaltung, die insbesondere bei den in Fig. 1, 2 und 3 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen vorgesehen sein kann;

Fig. 5

eine vierte Anlage in einer schematischen Darstellung;

Fig. 6

eine fünfte Anlage in einer schematischen Darstellung;

Fig. 7

eine Schleusenzone einer Anlage entsprechend einer weiteren möglichen Ausgestaltung, die insbesondere bei den in Fig. 5 und 6 dargestellten Anlagen vorgesehen sein kann;

Fig. 8

eine sechste Anlage in einer schematischen Darstellung;

Fig. 9

eine siebte Anlage in einer schematischen Darstellung;

Fig. 10

eine Schleusenzone einer Anlage entsprechend einer möglichen Ausgestaltung, die insbesondere bei den in Fig. 8 und 9 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen vorgesehen sein kann;

Fig. 11

eine achte Anlage in einer schematischen Darstellung;

Fig. 12

eine neunte Anlage in einer schematischen Darstellung;

Fig. 13

eine Schleusenzone einer Anlage entsprechend einer weiteren möglichen Ausgestaltung, die insbesondere bei den in Fig. 11 und 12 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen vorgesehen sein kann;

Fig. 14

eine zehnte Anlage in einer schematischen Darstellung und

Fig. 15

eine elfte Anlage in einer schematischen Darstellung.

Preferred embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail in the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which corresponding elements are provided with corresponding reference numerals. Show it:

Fig. 1

a first plant in a schematic representation;

Fig. 2

a second system in a schematic representation;

Fig. 3

a third annex in a schematic representation;

Fig. 4

a lock zone of a system according to a possible embodiment, in particular in the in Fig. 1 . 2 and 3 illustrated embodiments may be provided;

Fig. 5

a fourth Appendix in a schematic representation;

Fig. 6

a fifth annex in a schematic representation;

Fig. 7

a lock zone of a system according to another possible embodiment, in particular in the in Fig. 5 and 6 can be provided;

Fig. 8

a sixth Appendix in a schematic representation;

Fig. 9

a seventh Appendix in a schematic representation;

Fig. 10

a lock zone of a system according to a possible embodiment, in particular in the in Fig. 8 and 9 illustrated embodiments may be provided;

Fig. 11

an eighth Appendix in a schematic representation;

Fig. 12

a ninth Appendix in a schematic representation;

Fig. 13

a lock zone of a system according to another possible embodiment, in particular in the in Fig. 11 and 12 illustrated embodiments may be provided;

Fig. 14

a tenth plant in a schematic representation and

Fig. 15

an eleventh Appendix in a schematic representation.

Fig. 1 shows a drying and / or curing system 1 in a schematic representation according to a first embodiment. This drying and / or curing plant is not according to the invention. The drying and / or curing plant 1 may be part of a paint shop 2. For example, the painting installation 2 can have one or more painting zones 3, in which a workpiece 4 and a multiplicity of further such workpieces are painted. The drying and / or curing system 1 can be attached to these painting zones 3 and, in particular, can be connected downstream in a conveying direction. This drying and / or curing system 1 is usually downstream of a cooling zone, not shown, in which the workpiece 4 is cooled for further process steps or steps. Specifically, the drying and / or curing plant 1 is suitable for drying and / or curing of painted and / or glued components, in particular of bodies, body parts or other assemblies / parts of a land, water or aircraft.

Another possible type of dryer is an A-dryer. In this, the lock and the system are at different levels. The actual lock function is achieved by thermal separation. For A dryers or A curing systems, the locks also work with an air curtain. For this purpose, hot fresh air is blown at the level of the useful space floor via an exhaust opening in the A-part.

For example, that is in the Fig. 1 illustrated workpiece 4 designed as a painted body for a vehicle or aircraft. The workpiece 4 is in this case mounted on a suitable carrier 5, which is movable in a conveying direction 6 in order to convey the workpiece 4 from the painting zones 3 into the drying and / or curing installation 1 and through the drying and / or curing installation 1. The transport of the workpiece 1, in particular the body, can be continuous or discontinuous. However, the drying and / or curing system and the painting 2 according to the invention are also suitable for other applications.

The drying and / or curing plant 1 has a plurality of zones 7, 8, 9, 10, 11. In this case, a zone is designed as a lock zone 7 in the form of an inlet lock 7. A zone is designed as a first heating zone 8. Another zone is designed as a second heating zone 9. Furthermore, a zone is designed as a holding zone 10. And a zone is designed as a lock zone 11 in the form of an outlet lock 11. During operation of the drying and / or curing plant 1, the workpiece 4 first passes into the inlet lock 7, wherein the inlet lock 7 the interior 12 of the drying and / or curing plant 1 with respect to an environment, especially a hall in which the drying and / or or curing unit 1 is installed, seals. In this sealing essentially takes place a certain thermal separation between the interior 12, which is heated, and the environment. The zones 7 to 11 are thermally insulated against the environment on its outer wall, in particular by suitable insulation means. However, the workpiece 4 must go into the drying and / or curing plant 1 and out of this again. The lock zones 7, 11 are advantageously designed so that in particular a provided in the interior 12, heated air does not escape or escape is at least largely avoided.

The first heating zone 8 and the second heating zone 9 allow heating of the workpiece 4, wherein in this embodiment, a heating in two stages is possible. At full capacity, one or more workpieces 4 can be heated in zones 8, 9. In this case, the workpiece 4 can be transported after heating in the zone 8 in the zone 9, to allow further heating. In the holding zone 10, one or more workpieces 4 may remain for a certain period of time. Drying and hardening of the workpiece 4 takes place, for example, in the holding zone 10 (possibly assisted by means of electromagnetic radiation). Solvents (solvents) in the form of aliphatic and / or aromatic hydrocarbons, fluorohydrocarbons, fluorochlorohydrocarbons, esters, ketones, glycol ethers, alcohols, water and the like then accumulate mainly in the region of the zone 10 in the air of the interior 12. However, in which conditions the solvents escape in the drying and / or curing plant 1, depends on the particular solvent or the solvent component. Low boilers escape at low (<100 ° C), medium boilers at medium (100 ° C to 150 ° C) and high boilers at high (> 150 ° C) temperatures. For the drying and / or curing process in the holding zone 10 may be given a certain amount of time after which the workpiece 4 is transported via the lock zone 11 from the drying and / or curing unit 1. The glued and / or painted workpiece 4 is then dried and / or cured.

During operation of the drying and / or curing plant 1, some replacement of the air provided in the interior 12 is required. In this case, a certain amount of air can be removed from the drying and / or curing plant, which is replaced by fresh air. This air exchange and the fresh air are required because the air in the interior 12 with solvents accumulates, during the drying and / or curing process from a paint film or adhesive into the interior (work space) 12 of the drying and / or curing system 1 reach, and this enrichment must be counteracted. As a result, the solvent-enriched air can be gradually, in particular continuously, replaced to ensure that the air can continue to absorb solvent. In this case, a certain threshold value can be predetermined, which should not be exceeded or only slightly exceeded in order to maintain a proper drying and / or curing process. This exchange or the supply of fresh air into the interior 12 takes place here targeted, with an exchange via the lock zones 7, 11 is prevented as possible, otherwise hot air from the interior 12 enters the hall in an undesirable manner.

The drying and / or curing plant 1 of this embodiment has gas-operated heating devices 15, 16, 17, 18, 19. In this case, a gas burner 20 is provided on the heater 15, which serves for heating a suitable medium, in particular of air. In this embodiment, a thermal exhaust air purification (TAR) is formed, which is a preferably central heating unit or heat source and exhaust air purification system in one. These hot gases generated by the gas burner 20 are conducted in this embodiment via the heaters 15 to 19 and then released to the atmosphere, as illustrated by the arrow 21. That is, in this embodiment, the hot exhaust gases of the gas burner 20 are used in the heaters 15 to 19 as an energy source. Herein, for example, the heater 16 has throttle valves 22, 23 to use some of the heat energy generated by the gas burner 20 in the heater 16, while the remaining part is forwarded to the next heater 17. Accordingly, the heaters 17, 18, 19 have throttle valves. In this embodiment, the heating device 15 also has a throttle valve 24 over which a part of the gas burner 20 generated, hot gases can be forwarded directly to the heater 16.

The heating devices 15 to 19 have heat exchangers 25, 26, 27, 28, 29. The heat exchanger 26 of the heater 16, a suction side 30 and an outflow side 31 of an exhaust duct 32 is assigned in this embodiment. In this case, the heat exchanger 26 is arranged together with a fan 33 in the exhaust duct 32. In this embodiment, the fan 33 is arranged downstream of the heat exchanger 26 in the flow direction of the exhaust air guided through the exhaust duct 32. At the suction side 30, air can be sucked out of the zone 8 and led to the heat exchanger 26. Depending on the position of the throttle valves 22, 23 there is a more or less strong heating of the exhaust air flowing through the heat exchanger 26. The heated exhaust air is then passed through the fan 33 and the exhaust duct 32 back into the zone 8. Thus, during operation, a certain temperature of the air in the first heating zone 8 can be achieved and maintained. Accordingly, the zone 9 is connected via an exhaust air line 34 to the heater 17, wherein the heat exchanger 27 is arranged in the exhaust air line 34. In addition, the holding zone 10 is connected via an exhaust air line 35 to the heater 18, wherein the heat exchanger 28 is arranged in the exhaust air line 35. Thus, the air in the zones 8, 9, 10 can be heated and maintained at a desired level. Here, the temperature in the zones 8, 9, 10 can be influenced within certain limits by the heaters 16, 17, 18 separated from each other. For example, the temperature may increase from zone 8 to zone 9 and from zone 9 to zone 10, respectively.

In this embodiment, an exhaust pipe 40 is also provided. A suction side 41 of the exhaust air line 40 is arranged in the zone 10. An outflow side 42 of the exhaust air line 40 opens into a combustion chamber 43 of the gas burner 20. The required for burning the gas Oxygen can thus be recovered from the air flowing through the exhaust air line 40 from the holding zone 10, wherein this air is heated. Here, the exhaust air is thermally cleaned from the holding zone, so that in the direction of arrow 21 clean gas is released to the atmosphere. In this case, the heat exchanger 25 is arranged in the exhaust air line 40, so that the exhaust air flowing on the outflow side 42 into the combustion chamber 43 exhaust air can be preheated.

In the exhaust duct 40, a throttle valve 44 is arranged. In addition, a fan 45 is arranged in the exhaust duct 40, which is designed as a particular (frequency) controlled fan 45. In this case, a control device 46 is provided, which forms an interface to the fan 45. In alternative variants (which can be formed incidentally to the other embodiments), the fan via adjustable inlet or outlet grille or nozzles and / or adjustable blades and / or a variable rotational frequency with respect to its flow rate (volume flow) is made adjustable.

The drying and / or curing plant 1 has a fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity control 50. The fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity controller 50 is connected to the control device 46 of the fan 45. Thus, the fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity control 50 can specifically control the exhaust air amount taken from the zone 10 via the exhaust air line 40.

In addition, the drying and / or curing system 1 has a fresh air line 51. The fresh air line 51 has a fresh air inlet 52, via which fresh air can be sucked. From the fresh air inlet 52, the fresh air is first passed through the fresh air line 51 through the heater 19. Here, the heat exchanger 29 is arranged in the fresh air line 51. In this exemplary embodiment, the fresh air line 51 has a first outlet point 53 at the lock zone 7 and a second outlet point 54 at the lock zone 11. Here are in front of the outlet points 53, 54 throttle valves 55, 56 arranged to each of the outlet points 43, 44 guided proportion of the amount of fresh air, which is supplied via the fresh air line 51, to determine and optionally to vary. Optionally, adjustable gratings or nozzles are provided at individual or all outlet points in order to be able to make an adjustment of the volume flows passed through.

In the fresh air line 51, in turn, a frequency-controlled fan 57 is advantageously arranged. In this embodiment, the fan 57 is arranged in the flow direction in front of the heat exchanger 29 of the heater 19 in the fresh air line 51. Further, a control device 58 is provided, which is associated with the fan 57 and forms an interface to the fan 57. The fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity control 50 is connected to the control device 58 of the fan 57. Thus, the fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity control 50 can control the amount of fresh air conducted via the fresh air line 51 into the zones 7, 11. The throttle valves 55, 56 may be fixed and optionally changed in position by an operator. However, it is also possible that the throttle valves 55, 56 are variably adjusted by the fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity control 50 in order to control the proportions of the fresh air quantity which are conducted into the zones 7, 11.

At the outlet points 53, 54 of the fresh air line 51, nozzles 59, 60 are arranged. Here, the nozzle 59 is disposed at an outer end 61 of the lock zone 7. The nozzle 59 is obliquely in the interior 12, that is directed into the interior of the lock zone 7. Further, the nozzle 60 is disposed at an outer end 62 of the lock zone 11. The nozzle 60 is directed obliquely into the interior 12, that is, into the interior of the lock zone 11.

The fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity control 50 controls the fan 45 via the control device 46 and the fan via the control device 58 57 variable. The particular frequency-controlled fans 45, 57 can be easily adjusted. The fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity control 50 can thus adjust the amount of exhaust air currently discharged from the zone 10 via the fan 45. Furthermore, the fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity control 50 can set the fresh air quantity introduced into the zones 7, 11 via the fresh air line 51. The extracted via the exhaust duct 40 exhaust air amount can be replaced by a corresponding amount of fresh air. The introduced amount of fresh air and the discharged exhaust air amount are chosen so that a condensate avoidance in the area of the lock zones 7, 11 is prevented. Furthermore, the amount of fresh air and the amount of exhaust air are optimized, that is selected as small as possible in order to save energy. In particular, energy is required in the heating device 19 for heating the fresh air supplied via the fresh air line 51, the consumption of which can thereby be optimized. Thus, the required minimum amount of fresh air and exhaust air amount can be adjusted, with a sufficient amount of fresh air to avoid condensation in the sluice zones 7, 11 is reached. The fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity control 50 may take into account one or more parameters for controlling the amount of fresh air introduced into the zones 7, 11 and the amount of exhaust air discharged from the zone 12. Corresponding parameters are advantageously stored in the control software, wherein the parameters are variable depending on the operation of the system. Since at different operating conditions, for example in pause operation, partial load operation or full load operation, the amount of solvent introduced into the interior 12 varies, the number of workpieces 4 can serve as a parameter. As a rule, the amount of solvent introduced into the interior 12 varies in direct dependence on the number of workpieces 4, so that the amounts of fresh air and exhaust air can be varied proportionally to the number of workpieces 4. In this case, however, it is also possible that further properties of the workpieces 4 are taken into account, for example a size of the workpiece 4, a material of the workpiece 4 or the type and amount of the coating material or glue. This information can receive the fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity control 50 from a higher-level system control of the paint shop 2.

Thus, an accumulation of solvents, which reach during the drying and / or curing process from the paint film, an adhesive or the like in the work space 12 of the drying and / or curing unit 1, can be counteracted. For this purpose, sufficient fresh air can be continuously conducted into the work space 12 and at the same time solvent-containing air can be discharged from the work space 12. This can be done in the heater 15 for the exhaust air discharged thermal exhaust air. The required energy consumption is optimized.

Fig. 2 shows a painting 2 with a drying and / or curing system 1 in a schematic representation according to an embodiment of the invention. In this exemplary embodiment, a workpiece detection device 65 is provided which, viewed in the conveying direction 6, is arranged in front of the lock zone 7 of the drying and / or curing system 1, but after the painting zone 3. In a modified embodiment, alternatively or additionally, a workpiece detection device is provided, which is connected downstream of a dryer. In a further embodiment, a separate workpiece detection device is dispensed with if an indicator for the number of workpieces is defined in another way via the system control. According to the invention, sensors or transmitting / receiving units that work on the basis of electromagnetic waves, induction and / or weight measuring are preferably suitable as workpiece detection devices.

The workpiece detection device 65 can be designed as a sensor which outputs a clock signal to the fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity control 50 when passing through the carrier 5 or the workpiece 4. From the received clock signals, the fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity control 50 then determine the current utilization rate of the drying and / or curing plant 1. The current utilization rate depends on the number of workpieces 4 detected per time interval. Thus, with relatively little effort, an advantageous control or regulation of the amount of fresh air introduced into the drying and / or curing plant 1, and the amount of exhaust air, which is discharged from the drying and / or curing system 1, take place. However, the workpiece detection device 65 can also be designed as a reading device, RFID reader, barcode reader or the like. In such an embodiment, the workpiece detecting device 65 may detect a workpiece number of the workpiece 4 or information related to the workpiece 4. As a result, the fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity control 50 can take into account further information about the workpiece 4 in the control. For example, the condition of the workpiece 4 can be taken into account. In this case, a size of the workpiece 4, a material of the workpiece 4 or also the type and quantity of a coating material, in particular a lacquer layer, or an adhesive, are taken into account. In this case, this information can be obtained by reference to a workpiece number of the workpiece 4 from a higher-level system control system. The fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity control 50 may take into account in the control the information of the workpieces which are already in the drying and / or curing plant 1 and / or take into account the information of one or more workpieces 4 for which a drying process or curing process is pending. As a result, the control of the fresh air and / or exhaust air quantities can be further optimized.

Another process variable which is taken into account by the fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity control 50 is the humidity of the air in the lock area, that is to say in the lock zone 7 and / or the lock zone 11. In this exemplary embodiment, a humidity sensor 66 is arranged in the lock zone 7 , The humidity sensor 66 detects a Humidity in the lock zone 7, in particular a relative humidity. However, the sensor 66 may also detect several physical quantities, for example both the humidity and a temperature in the zone 7.

The humidity detected by the humidity sensor 66 is sent to the fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity controller 50. The fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity control 50 controls the fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity as a function of the humidity detected by the humidity sensor 66 and other input variables, in particular the utilization rate of the drying and / or curing system 1 detected via the workpiece detection device 65.

Further, a sensor 77 is provided, which is connected via a line 78 to the fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity control 50. The sensor 77 is used to detect the total carbon in the work space 12. In this embodiment, the sensor 77 is arranged in the holding zone 10. It is advantageous if the sensor 77 is arranged in the exhaust air line 40 in order to measure the total carbon of the exhaust air, which is guided through the exhaust air line 40. Furthermore, a detection device 79 is provided on a gas line 80 for a gas burner 20, which serves to detect the current gas consumption of the gas burner 20. The detection device 79 can also detect the position of a gas control valve in the gas line 80. As a result, indirect process variables for determining the total carbon with respect to the usable space 12 of the zone 10 are possible. The fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity control 50 may take into account the directly or indirectly determined total carbon relative to the useful space 12 in controlling the fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity control alone or together with other sensed quantities.

In this embodiment, an exhaust pipe 40 is provided. The suction side 41 of the exhaust air line 40 is arranged in the holding zone 10. Further, the exhaust duct 40 passes through the heat exchanger 25 of the heater 15 to the gas burner 20. In addition, a further exhaust duct 82 is provided in addition to the exhaust duct 40. A suction side 83 of the exhaust air line 82 is also arranged in the holding zone 10. The further exhaust air line 82 is merged with the fresh air line 51 at a connection point 84. Thus, the fresh air from the fresh air line 51 and the exhaust air from the further exhaust air line 82 mix at the connection point 84. From the connection point 84, this mixture is continued in a common line (gas line) 85. The line 85 has in this case according to the in the Fig. 1 Fresh air line 51 shown a first outlet point 53 at the lock zone 7 and a second outlet point 54 at the lock zone 11 on.

In the further exhaust duct 82 is a variable in its throughput, in particular frequency-controlled fan 86 is arranged. The fan 86 is connected to a control device 87, which serves as an interface to the fan 86. The fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity controller 50 is connected to the control device 87 of the fan 86. Further, in the further exhaust duct 82, a throttle valve 88 is arranged. The throttle valve 88 is viewed in the flow direction of the exhaust air behind the fan 86 in the further exhaust duct 82. The throttle valve 88 is adjustable by means of an electric motor 89. The fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity controller 50 is connected to the electric motor 89 of the throttle valve 88. In addition, the frequency-controlled fan 57 is arranged in the fresh air line 51, which can be controlled via the control device 58 of the fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity control 50.

The fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity control 50 controls the fresh air and / or exhaust air quantities as a function of the input variables. In this embodiment, the control takes place via a particular frequency-controlled fan 45, which is arranged in the exhaust duct 40, another particular frequency-controlled fan 86, which is arranged in the further exhaust duct 82, a throttle valve 88 in the exhaust duct 82 is arranged, and another more frequency-controlled fan 57, which is arranged in the fresh air line 51. The control takes place here in relation to the two criteria, namely energy saving and condensate avoidance, and the third criterion, namely the limitation of the solvent concentration to below 25% of the LEL. To meet these criteria, a certain amount of exhaust air from the holding zone 10 is to be diverted. The exhaust air to be discharged is removed via the exhaust air line 40 from the drying and / or curing plant 1, wherein a thermal exhaust air purification takes place in the combustion chamber 43.

However, the extracted via the exhaust duct 40 exhaust air is only a part of the total extracted from the holding zone 10 exhaust. Another part of the out of the holding zone 10 exhaust air passes through the further exhaust duct 82 in the line 85. This other part of the exhaust air is then introduced into the zones 7, 11 together with the fresh air. The other part of the exhaust air is thus used in relation to the entire drying and / or curing plant 1 as circulating air. As a result, the solvent-enriched air can be distributed over the interior 12. As a result, a high concentration of solvents in the air of the zone 10 is reduced, whereby the thermal energy is maintained. Thus, the energy demand can be further reduced. About the fans 45, 86, the total, discharged from the holding zone 11 exhaust air amount can be adjusted specifically to the actual needs. In addition, the guided over the exhaust duct 40 part of the exhaust air amount and guided over the further exhaust duct 82 further part of the exhaust air amount can be adjusted specifically. In addition, the throttle valve 88 for controlling the part of the exhaust air amount, which is guided via the further exhaust duct 82, are used. Specifically, the throttle valve 88 can serve to block the further exhaust air line 82, so that an inflow of fresh air from the fresh air line 51 is prevented in the opposite direction by the further exhaust air line 82. This can be done, for example, in the fully loaded state of the drying and / or curing system 1, in which the fan 86 can be turned off.

Thus, the guided over the further exhaust duct 82 part of the exhaust air amount to replace part of the supplied fresh air quantity. In this case, the air mixture passing through the nozzles 59, 60 into the lock zones 7, 11 is heated from the exhaust air and the fresh air and relatively dry when it comes into contact with the lock air in the lock zones 7, 11. Condensation in the lock zones 7, 11 is therefore counteracted.

The air in the interior 12 of the drying and / or curing plant 1, in particular the lock air in the lock zones 7, 11, can also be filtered in a suitable manner.

Fig. 3 shows a painting plant 2 with a drying and / or curing plant 1 in a schematic representation according to another embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, unlike the basis of the Fig. 2 described embodiment in the line 85 a particular (frequency) controlled fan 57 'arranged. In an alternative exemplary embodiment, an optionally uncontrolled fan 57 'is assigned a passage / guide grille and / or an outlet flap device, by means of which a flow through the fan can be adjusted. The fan 57 'is connected to a control device 58', which serves as an interface. Via the control device 58 ', the fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity control 50 can control the fan 57' and / or its passage grille. The fan 57 'in the line 85 thus replaced with respect to the second embodiment, the fan 86 in the further exhaust duct 82 and the fan 57 in the fresh air line 51. Thus, the associated control means 58, 87 are replaced by a control device 58'. The preferably regulated adjustable executed fan 57 'is used in this embodiment as (multifunctional) fan 57' for sucking the fresh air through the fresh air line 51 and for sucking the circulating air for the drying and / or curing system 1 serving exhaust air from the holding zone 10th Alternatively or additionally, as the circulating air serving exhaust air from another zone, such as the heating zone 8 and / or the heating zone 9, are removed. Via the fan 57 'is thus directly a setting of the total amount of air possible, which is passed through the lock zones 7, 11 in the drying and / or curing system 1. However, the proportion of the exhaust air and the proportion of fresh air of the air mixture fed into the drying and / or curing plant 1 can not be adjusted by the fan 57 'since this affects only the total amount. For adjusting the guided over the further exhaust duct 82 portion of the exhaust air amount and guided through the fresh air line 51 fresh air amount are the throttle 88 in the other exhaust duct 82 and a throttle valve 90 in the fresh air line 51. Here, an electric motor 91 is provided for the throttle valve 90, the from the fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity control 50 can be controlled.

Thus, in this embodiment, fresh air can be mixed with a serving as circulating air part of the exhaust air before entering the lock zones 7, 11. Furthermore, the total amount of the air mixture via the fan 57 'can be influenced. The proportions of the exhaust air and the fresh air in this air mixture can be adjusted via the throttle valves 88, 90. In this case, an advantageous control by the fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity control is possible, which may depend directly or indirectly on the instantaneous degree of utilization and the operating state of the drying and / or curing system 1.

Fig. 4 shows a lock zone of a drying and / or curing plant 1 according to a possible embodiment, in particular in the basis of FIGS. 1 . 2 and 3 described drying and / or curing systems 1 of the first, second and third embodiment may be provided. The lock zone 7 has a floor 92 and a ceiling 93. The first outlet point 53 of the fresh air line 51 or the line 85 opens into a by a suitable elements 94 separated from the interior 12 antechamber 95. In the vestibule 95, a filter 96 is arranged, of the passing through the outlet 53 into the vestibule 95 passing air is passed. From the vestibule 95, the air, that is, the fresh air or the mixture of fresh air and exhaust air flows into the interior 12. At least one nozzle 59 is disposed at the outer end 61 of the lock zone 7 and directed at a certain angle into the inner space 12 , Preferably, one side of the slot nozzle is designed to be movable (eg in a slot guide). Thus, the commissioning staff can set and fix the slot width of the nozzle. Thus, the nozzle exit speed can be adjusted.

By the direction of the nozzle 59, a parting plane 106 is predetermined, which in the Fig. 4 is illustrated by a broken line 106. The parting plane 106 divides the inner space 12 in the region of the lock zone 7 into an outer part 97 and an inner part 98. In the inner part 98 prevails due to the warm atmosphere, a thermal pressure which causes a flow 99 in the inner part 98 of the inner space 12 in the direction of the outer end 61 of the lock zone 7. The flow 99 is in the Fig. 4 illustrated by arrows 99. The air flowing in via the nozzle 59 works against this flow 99. The flow 99 is hereby deflected by the air flowing in via the nozzle 59 into the lock zone 7, so that the heated air flows back into the interior, as illustrated by arrows 100 , Thus, the hot air from the inner part 98 does not get into the outer part 97, so that a lock is formed. At least energy delivery by thermal convection is substantially reduced.

Especially in the case of the Figures 2 and 3 described second and third embodiments, there is the advantage that the gas mixture flowing through the nozzle 59 into the inner space 12 is well preheated and relatively dry, so that condensation on the confluence of the flow 99 is prevented with the flowing through the nozzle 59 mixture , The energy required to heat the fresh air in the heating device 19 can thereby be optimized.

Fig. 5 shows a painting 2 with a drying and / or curing system 1 in a schematic representation according to a fourth embodiment. In this exemplary embodiment, an exhaust air line 82 'is provided, via which exhaust air serving as circulating air can be discharged from the holding zone 10. A suction side 83 'of the exhaust air line 82' is arranged here in the conveying direction at the beginning of the holding zone 10. In addition, the exhaust air line 40 is provided, the suction side 41 is also arranged at the beginning of the holding zone 10. The exhaust duct 82 'branches into a part 101 and a part 102. In this case, the part 101 of the exhaust duct 82 'leads to a first outlet point 53' of the exhaust duct 82 '. The second part 102 of the exhaust air line 82 'leads to an outlet point 54' of the exhaust air line 82 '. The exhaust air line 82 'divides here at a branch point 103 in the parts 101, 102. Viewed in the direction of flow of the exhaust air, a fan 86 'is arranged in the exhaust air line 82' in front of the branching point 103. In this embodiment, the fan 86 'is not necessarily frequency controlled. In particular, the fan 86 'can generate a constant exhaust air volume flow. The over the exhaust air line 82 'in the zones 7, 11 guided exhaust air amount can be fixed in this case. In the parts 101, 102 throttle valves 104, 105 are arranged, which are fixed. In this case, for example, an operator or an auxiliary drive manually and / or individually adjust the throttle valves 104, 105 in order to divide the exhaust air routed via the exhaust air line 82 'to the parts 101, 102 and thus the sluice zones 7, 11.

In this embodiment, the nozzles 59, 60 of the lock zones 7, 11 designed to be split. Here, the nozzle 59 has an outer part 59 'and an inner part 59 ". Further, the nozzle 60 has an outer part 60' and an inner part 60". The configuration of the nozzles 59, 60 is based on the Fig. 7 described in more detail.

In this embodiment, the fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity controller 50 determines the required amount of fresh air. This controls the Fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity control 50, the frequency-controlled fan 57 ', which is arranged in the fresh air line 51, so that the desired amount of fresh air is directed into the interior 12. According to the introduced fresh air quantity, the fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity control 50 activates the fan 45 in order to remove the exhaust air quantity corresponding to the fresh air quantity from the interior 12 via the exhaust air line 40. The discharged via the exhaust duct 82 'from the holding zone 10 exhaust air is not taken into account in this control, since this is performed as circulating air in the zones 7, 11 and thus passes back into the interior 12.

Fig. 6 shows a painting 2 with a drying and / or curing system 1 in a schematic representation according to a fifth embodiment. In this embodiment, exhaust ducts 82 ', 82 "are provided Fig. 5 Therefore, in addition to the exhaust air line 82 ', a further exhaust air line 82 "is provided, which also changes the configuration of the exhaust air line 82' Fig. 6 illustrated fifth embodiment, there is a suction region 83 'in the region of the holding zone 10. Further, in this embodiment, in addition to the holding zone 10, the lock zone 11 is arranged. The exhaust air line 82 'leads the exhaust air from the holding zone 10 in the adjacent to the holding zone 10 sluice zone 11. The exhaust air is guided at the second outlet 54' to the nozzle 60. In the exhaust duct 82 ', a fan 86' and a throttle valve 105 are arranged. The fan 86 'is arranged upstream of the throttle valve 105 in the flow direction. The fan 86 'is not frequency-controlled in this embodiment. The throttle valve 105 is fixed and can optionally be adjusted by an operator or by means of an electric drive.

The exhaust air line 82 "has a suction region 83", which is arranged in the region of the first heating zone 8. This is considered in the conveying direction 6 the lock zone 7 is arranged directly in front of the first heating zone 8. The exhaust air line 82 "leads from the first heating zone 8 into the lock zone 7 arranged next to the first heating zone 8. This allows a certain amount of exhaust air to be conducted from the first heating zone 8 into the lock zone 7. In the exhaust air line 82" there are a fan 86 "and a fan The throttle valve 104 is arranged downstream of the fan 86. The fan 86 is not necessarily frequency-controlled. The throttle valve 104 can be fixed by an operator via the exhaust air lines 82 ', 82 "can each be predetermined, constant , Are passed as circulating air serving amounts of exhaust air. In this case, the exhaust air quantity conducted via the exhaust air line 82 'is removed from the holding zone 10. Furthermore, the exhaust air quantity conducted via the exhaust air line 82 "is removed from the first heating zone 8. The extracted exhaust air quantities are then led back into the interior 12 via the sluice zones 7, 11.

In this embodiment, the fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity control 50 controls the exhaust air amount finally taken off from the inner space 12 via the exhaust air line 40 by means of a fan 45 with an adjustable volumetric flow rate. Furthermore, this amount of exhaust air is replaced by a corresponding amount of fresh air. For this purpose, the fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity control 50 preferably sets the rotational frequency or the passage cross section of the fan 57, specifically adapted to the requirements in the plant. With a plurality of fans connected in parallel, these can be switched on or off individually, adjusted to the requirements.

Fig. 7 shows the lock zone 7 of a drying and / or curing system 1 according to another possible embodiment, in particular in the case of the Fig. 5 described fourth embodiment and the basis of the Fig. 6 described fifth embodiment may be provided. The lock zone 7 is fresh air via the first outlet point 53 of the fresh air line 51 is supplied. In addition, the waste air zone 7 is supplied with exhaust air via the first outlet point 53 of the part 101 of the exhaust air line 82 'or the exhaust air line 82 ", where the fresh air from the outlet point 53 enters a filter 96 and the exhaust air from the outlet point 53' enters into In this exemplary embodiment, the antechamber 95 is divided into two parts, wherein a part 95 'is provided for passing the fresh air out of the outlet point 53. A part 95 "of the antechamber 95 is provided for the exhaust air from the outlet point 53. The two parts 95 ', 95 "of the antechamber 95 are separated from one another by a fixed dividing wall 107. The dividing wall 107 separates the fresh air flowing through the antechamber 95 from the exhaust air flowing through the antechamber 95. As a result, the fresh air and the exhaust air are separated In this case, the fresh air from the part 95 'of the antechamber 95 is guided into the outer part 59' of the nozzle 59, while the exhaust air is guided into the inner part 59 "of the nozzle 59. The nozzle 59 is designed so that two adjacent flows are generated in the inner space 12. This is in the Fig. 7 Here, the parting plane 106 associated with the fresh air is closer to the outer end 61 of the lock zone 7 than the parting plane 106 "associated with the exhaust air. Viewed from the outer end 61, the outer part 59 'precedes the inner part 59 "of the nozzle 59. Thus, a sucked, cold hall air is heated by the fresh air curtain in the region of the parting plane 106', before it comes into contact with the lock air circulation. In this way, for example, condensation can be counteracted.

Here, the flow 99 is deflected by the exhaust air flow from the nozzle 59 and the fresh air flow from the nozzle 59, as illustrated by the arrows 100.

Also in this embodiment, one or more slot nozzles can be movably mounted on one side (eg slot guide). Thus, the commissioning staff can set the slot width and then be fixed. This allows the nozzle exit speed to be set. Several nozzles connected in parallel can furthermore be arranged next to one another with or without a large distance.

Fig. 8 shows a painting 2 with a drying and / or curing system 1 in a schematic representation according to an eighth embodiment. In this embodiment, the exhaust duct 82 'is provided, which on its suction side 83' serving as circulating air exhaust air from the holding zone 11 via the parts 101, 102 of the exhaust duct 82 'to the nozzles 59, 60 of the lock zones 7, 11 passes. However, unlike that based on the Fig. 5 described embodiment, a control device 87 'for the fan 86' is provided. The fan 86 'is in this case preferably designed as a frequency-controlled fan 86'. The controller 87 'serves as an interface for the particular (frequency) controlled fan 86'. The fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity control 50 can in this case control the fan 86 'via the control device 87'. Thus, the exhaust air serving as circulating air, which is passed via the exhaust air line 82 'from the holding zone 10 into the sluice zones 7, 11, with respect to their exhaust air amount of the fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity control 50 can be varied. As a result, for example, an increased concentration of solvents occurring in the holding zone 10 can be reduced by a stronger redistribution in the interior space 12. As a result, the discharged via the exhaust duct 40 exhaust air amount and thus the supplied via the fresh air line 51 fresh air can be reduced in each case. This allows for energy savings.

In addition, actuators 108, 109 for the nozzles 59, 60 are provided in this embodiment. The configuration of the actuators 108, 109 for the nozzles 59, 60 is based on the Fig. 10 described in further detail.

Fig. 9 shows a painting 2 with a drying and / or curing system 1 in a schematic representation corresponding to a seventh Embodiment. In this exemplary embodiment, the exhaust air line 82 "is provided, which directs exhaust air from the first heating zone 8 into the lock zone 7. Furthermore, the exhaust air line 82 is provided, which directs exhaust air from the holding zone 10 into the lock zone 11. In contrast to that with reference to FIGS Fig. 6 described fifth embodiment, a control device 87 is provided for the fan 86. The fan 86 is configured as an adjustable fan with respect to the volume flow. In addition, a controller 87 'for the fan 86' is provided. The fan 86 'is in this case designed as a particular frequency-controlled fan 86'. In modified embodiments, the volume flows of the fans 86, 86 '(fan unit) by means of guide / passage grids or flaps are remotely adjustable electromechanically.

The fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity control 50 can control the fan 86 arranged in the exhaust air line 82 "via the control device 87. Furthermore, the fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity control 50 can arrange the fan 86 'in the exhaust air line 82 via the control device 87' In this way, the amount of exhaust air, which is conducted in the form of circulating air from the first heating zone 8 into the sluice zone 7, can be set in. In addition, the exhaust air serving as circulating air, which is led out of the holding zone 10 into the sluice zone 11, can be adjusted as needed Furthermore, the fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity control 50 can actuate the actuators 108, 109, as described in further detail with reference to FIGS Fig. 10 is described.

Fig. 10 shows a lock zone 7 a drying and / or curing system 1 according to another possible embodiment, in particular in the basis of Fig. 8 described sixth embodiment and the basis of the Fig. 9 described seventh embodiment may be provided. In this embodiment, the partition 107 is connected to the actuator 108. The actuator 108 may adjust the partition 107, as illustrated by the double arrow 115 is. The partition 107 may be configured, for example, as a separating plate 107. When using the Fig. 7 the partition wall 107 is preferably arranged such that at least approximately the same size slot nozzle widths result for the outer part 59 'and the inner part 59 "of the nozzle 59. Preferably, in each case one side is designed to be movable (eg slot guide) This means that the commissioning staff can set the slit width and then fix it, so that the nozzle exit speed of both jets can be adjusted.

In the in the Fig. 10 On the other hand, the partition wall 107 can be adjusted manually or automatically, so that a variation of the slot nozzle widths of the outer part 59 'and the inner part 59 "of the nozzle 59 is possible starting from a basic position during operation of the system the fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity control 50 are controlled, as it is in the Fig. 8 and 9 is illustrated. Correspondingly, the actuator 109 can also be actuated by the fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity control 50 in order to vary the slot nozzle widths of the outer part 60 'and the inner part 60 "of the nozzle 60 of the lock zone 11. This makes it possible to adapt to different amounts of fresh air and / or exhaust air quantities which are conducted into the lock zones 7, 11. Thus, a constant nozzle speed can be realized with different amounts of fresh air or exhaust air.

Fig. 11 shows a painting 2 with a drying and / or curing system 1 in a schematic representation according to an eighth embodiment. In this embodiment, the fan arranged in the exhaust duct 82 'generates a constant circulating air flow. Thus, a constant amount of exhaust air in the sluice zones 7, 11 is passed through the exhaust air line 82 '. In contrast to that on the basis of Fig. 5 described fourth embodiment, the nozzle 59 is arranged in the lock zone 7, which serves in this embodiment only for the first outlet point 53 'of the part 101 of the exhaust duct 82' flowing exhaust air. Accordingly, the nozzle 60 of the lock zone 11 is used only for the over the part 102 of the exhaust duct 82 'flowing exhaust air. For the fresh air flowing via the fresh air line 51 at the outlet points 53, 54 into the lock zones 7, 11, separate fresh air inlet regions 116, 117 are provided, which are oriented downwards and by means of which a fresh air curtain is produced. The fresh air quantities conducted via the fresh air inlet regions 116, 117 into the sluice zones 7, 11 preferably produce vertically expanded fresh air curtains in order to seal the interior 12 at the outer ends 61, 62 of the sluice zones 7, 11 with respect to the cold indoor air. Concretely, such fresh air inlet regions can be configured as follows: nozzles, for example slot nozzles, round nozzles, high-pressure nozzles, variable-speed nozzles for variable speed. In addition, air outlets, for example comprising filters or jalousie flaps, can be used and distributed at different positions over the entire clear sluice cross section. As a result, condensation in the lock zones 7, 11 is prevented. In a modified embodiment, the nozzles 59, 60 are directed obliquely into the interior to retain a flow 99.

Fig. 12 shows a painting 2 with a drying and / or curing system 1 in a schematic representation according to a ninth embodiment. In this exemplary embodiment, the exhaust air line 82 "is provided between the first heating zone 8 and the lock zone 7. In this way, exhaust air can be passed from the first heating zone 8 into the lock zone 7. The exhaust air quantity serves as circulating air quantity Accordingly, the exhaust air line 82 'serves to guide a certain amount of exhaust air from the holding zone 10 into the lock zone 11. The exhaust air flows from the exhaust air line 82 "through the nozzle 59 into the interior 12 of the lock zone 7. Furthermore, the exhaust air flows from the exhaust duct 82 'via the nozzle 60 into the interior 12 of the lock zone eleventh

Separate fresh air inlet regions 116, 117 are provided for the fresh air supplied, whose fresh air quantity can be controlled by the fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity control 50. The separate fresh air inlet areas 116, 117 produce vertically oriented fresh air curtains. Various nozzles, for example slot nozzles, round nozzles, high pressure nozzles and variable velocity nozzles for variable speed, or air outlets, such as filters or louvers, may be used and distributed at various positions throughout the entire airlock cross section.

Fig. 13 shows a lock zone 7 of a drying and / or curing system 1 according to a possible further embodiment, in particular in the case of the Fig. 11 described eighth embodiment or in the basis of the Fig. 12 described ninth embodiment of the painting 2 with the drying and / or curing system 1 may be provided. The zone 7 has in the region of its ceiling 93 elements 94, which separate the vestibule 95 from the interior 12. In this case, only the exhaust air is guided through the vestibule 95 in this embodiment. The fresh air is passed through a separate vestibule 95 '. In this embodiment, the nozzle 116 is designed in the form of a diaphragm, which may have one or more aperture openings separated from one another by webs or the like. In this embodiment, the nozzle 116 also includes one or more openings 116 'on one side wall of the zone 7. Corresponding openings opposite the openings 116' of the nozzle 116 are provided on the other side wall of the zone 7. Thus, fresh air flows in through the nozzle 116 both from top to bottom and from the two sides inwards. As a result, a vertically oriented fresh air curtain 118 is formed. The fresh air curtain 118 brings the cold hall air to an elevated temperature, before this with the lock air circulation comes into contact. Thus, air outlets, such as filters, jalousie flaps, are possible over the entire airlock cross-section.

The guided through the vestibule 95 exhaust air flows through the nozzle 59, wherein the nozzle 59 is directed obliquely into the interior 12. By the exhaust air thus the flow 99 is deflected, as illustrated by the arrows 100.

Fig. 14 shows a painting 2 with a drying and / or curing system 1 in a schematic representation according to a tenth embodiment. In this embodiment, the exhaust duct 82 'is provided, which is associated with the holding zone 10. Here, exhaust air from the holding zone 10 can be discharged via the exhaust air line 82 '. The suction side 83 'of the exhaust duct 82' is arranged in the holding zone 10. In the exhaust duct 82 ', the fan 86' is arranged. Here, the fan 86 'may optionally be adjusted by an operator to produce a certain, constant exhaust air volume flow.

In this embodiment, the exhaust air volume flow generated by the fan 86 'is divided behind the fan 86' on the parts 101, 102 of the exhaust duct 82 '. In this case, the part 101 of the exhaust air line 82 'leads to the lock zone 7, while the part 102 leads to the lock zone 11. An operator or an auxiliary operator can adjust the throttle valves 104, 105 in a suitable manner. By setting the throttle valves 104, 105 and the setting of the fan 86 ', a certain amount of exhaust air for the lock zone 7 and a certain amount of exhaust air for the lock zone 11 can be specified within certain limits. The amount of exhaust air for the sluice zone 7 can be set smaller, equal to or greater than the amount of exhaust air for the sluice zone 11 as needed.

Fresh air is also drawn in via the fresh air inlet 52, a fresh air volume flow being generated by the fresh air line 51 by means of the fan 57. An operator or a system control device can in this case adjust the fan 57 in order to generate the desired fresh air volume flow through the fresh air line 51. Further, the operator can adjust the throttle valves 55, 56 associated with the lock zones 7, 11 appropriately. By adjusting the fan 57 and the throttle valves 55, 56 thus a fresh air amount for the lock zone 7 and a fresh air amount for the lock zone 11 can be specified. The fresh air quantities for the sluice zones 7, 11 are in this case the same size or different sizes adjustable depending on the desired operating state.

When in the Fig. 14 shown drying and / or curing unit 1 of the tenth embodiment can therefore without a fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity control 50, as for example in the Figures 5 . 6 and 7 is shown, the amount of fresh air to be supplemented by an amount of exhaust air. As a result, the required amount of fresh air can be reduced, resulting in energy savings. In this embodiment, the exhaust air is removed from the holding zone 10. This corresponds to a situation, as for example, on the basis of Fig. 5 is described. But there are also other configurations possible. For example, an embodiment is possible, as they are based on the Fig. 6 is described. Here, the exhaust air amount for the lock zone 7 of the first heating zone 8 can be removed. And the amount of exhaust air for the sluice zone 11 can be removed from the holding zone 10. Furthermore, it is possible that one based on the Fig. 2 described variant is realized in a corresponding manner in which the fresh air and the exhaust air are mixed in the conduit 85. The fan 86, which in the Fig. 2 is shown, can also be adjusted individually by an operator or an auxiliary drive in this case. Further, the throttle valve 88 can be adjusted by an operator or an auxiliary drive. Thus, also in this variant Without a fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity control 50, an energy saving can be achieved by adding a certain amount of exhaust air to the fresh air. As a result, the required amount of fresh air is reduced.

Furthermore, different lock concepts can be realized in the lock zones 7, 11. For example, the lock 7 according to the basis of Fig. 7 be configured described embodiment.

In an embodiment of the in Fig. 14 illustrated lock zone 7 according to the basis of Fig. 7 In the exemplary embodiment shown, the fresh air nozzle area formed by the outer part 59 'can be preceded by the fresh air nozzle area formed by the outer part 59. As a result, the cold hall air sucked in at the outer end 61 of the lock zone 7 is first brought to temperature by the fresh air curtain before it is heated the lock air comes into contact.

The nozzle 59 can be designed in different ways. For example, the nozzle 59 may be configured as a slit nozzle, a round nozzle, a high-pressure nozzle, a variable-speed variable-speed nozzle or the like. It is also possible that the nozzle 59 is divided into several partial nozzles, which are distributed at different positions over the entire clear lock cross-section. Thus, it can be counteracted by means of fresh air in an advantageous manner condensate formation.

Advantageously, the inner part 59 "of the nozzle 59 serving as a dryer exhaust nozzle or dryer air nozzle is located downstream of the outer part 59 'of the nozzle 59 serving as a fresh air nozzle is directed and counteracts the thermal pressure of the warm plant atmosphere. The inner part 98 thereby represents the plant interior and thus the working space dar. The nozzle 59 can be configured in different ways. For example, as a slot nozzle, round nozzle, high-pressure nozzle, variable-speed nozzle for variable speed or the like. Furthermore, different air outlets can be used, which can be arranged at different positions over the entire clear sluice cross-section. As air outlets can serve, inter alia, filters or jalousie flaps. Thus, with the help of the dryer exhaust air or dryer air, the tightness of the sluice zone 11 serving as a lock can be ensured.

Due to the separate nozzle parts for the fresh air and the dryer exhaust air or dryer air, it is also possible to separate certain functions of a lock, namely tightness and condensate avoidance of each other. This difference in function allows the amount of fresh air to be significantly reduced compared to other lock concepts that use pure fresh air. The amount of fresh air is a particularly important parameter for the energy requirement of the system 1.

In the case of the in Fig. 14 described tenth embodiment, the fresh air is adjusted on the cold side by means of the fan 57. With the fan 86 'of the circulating air volume flow is determined, the throttle valves 104, 105 are used for the division of the lock zones 7, 11. A possible extraction point for the recirculated air from the interior (work space) 12 of the drying and / or curing plant 1 is at the beginning of the holding zone 10. This is in the Fig. 14 illustrated by the arrangement of the suction side 83 'at the holding zone 10.

Fig. 15 shows a painting 2 with a drying and / or curing system 1 in a schematic representation according to an eleventh embodiment. In this embodiment, the amount of exhaust air for the sluice zone 7 is removed from the first heating zone 8. The amount of exhaust air for the lock zone 11 is removed from the holding zone 10.

Here are exhaust ducts 82 ', 82 "provided to guide the respective amount of exhaust air to the lock zones 7, 11.

In this embodiment, an operator sets the fan 86 and the throttle valve 104 to set the exhaust air amount for the lock zone 7. In addition, the operator sets the fan 86 'and the throttle valve 105 to set the exhaust air amount for the lock zone 11. The respective amount of fresh air for the sluice zones 7, 11 can be adjusted via the fan 57 and the throttle valves 55, 56 by the operator. Thus, on the one hand, the amount of fresh air for the sluice zone 7 can be determined and, on the other hand, the amount of fresh air for the sluice zone 11 can be determined. On a fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity control 50, as for example in the basis of the Fig. 6 described embodiment is used, this can be omitted if necessary. The operator can be replaced by an electro-mechanical, pneumatic or hydraulic external drive with associated control device in the rest.

Thus, the fresh air can be supplemented by exhaust air, so that the required amount of fresh air is reduced. As a result, a considerable energy saving is possible. An advantageous lock concept can thus be realized independently of a fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity control 50. This is in particular on the basis of Figures 14 and 15 described. However, fresh air and / or exhaust air quantity control or regulation can advantageously be combined with such a lock concept.

In the exemplary embodiments of the painting installation 2 with the drying and / or curing installation 1, there are thus several advantages. Energy savings can be achieved through optimized, needs-based fresh air and exhaust air volumes. Furthermore, an optimized air budget with regard to exhaust air, fresh air and lock air circulation with regard to condensation formation in the lock zones 7, 11 can be achieved. Furthermore, a Drift of the drying and / or curing system 1, in particular towards an excess temperature to be avoided in partial load and pause operation. Thus, it is possible to react flexibly to different operating conditions, in particular the number, size and material of the workpieces 4 to be dried, and to optimally utilize the heat energy provided by the thermal exhaust air purification by means of the gas burner. In this case, the problem can be avoided that at a constant heat energy set by the thermal exhaust air purification of the clean gas heated drying and / or curing system 1 drifting is possible in which the temperature increases in the plant use space 12 above the target temperature. In this case, for example, in the pause or part load operation, the energy introduced into the drying and / or curing plant 1 can be reduced and, if appropriate, the gas burner 20 can be throttled with regard to its power output.

Claims (13)

1. Drying and/or curing installation (1), in particular for drying and/or curing painted and/or bonded workpieces (4), having an interior (12) which has a zone (8, 9, 10) for drying and curing workpieces, from which it is possible to remove a quantity of exhaust air, and which has a lock zone (7, 11) with an opening through which workpieces (4) can be moved along a conveying direction (6) through an air flow (99, 100) by means of which hot air from an interior of the lock zone (7, 11) cannot reach an outer part (97) of the lock zone (7, 11), with a nozzle (59, 60) that is arranged at an outer end of the lock zone (7, 11) and that supplies air to the interior (12) in order to generate the air flow (99, 100), and with a fresh air quantity control and/or exhaust air quantity control (50) for controlling the fresh air quantity that can be introduced into the lock zone (7, 11) and/or the exhaust air quantity that can be discharged from the zone (8, 10) for drying and curing workpieces, wherein the nozzle (59, 60) serves to supply, to the interior (12), a gas mixture formed by means which admix, to the fresh air quantity that can be introduced in the lock zone (7, 11), prior to introduction into the lock zone (7, 11), part of the exhaust air quantity that can be discharged,
   characterized in that
   the means comprise an exhaust air line (82) which is connected on the suction side to the zone (10) for drying and curing, which serves for discharging exhaust air from the zone (8, 10) and which is joined, at a junction point (84), to a fresh air line (51) in order to form the gas mixture, so as to further convey the gas mixture in a common line (85).
2. Drying and/or curing installation according to Claim 1, characterized in that in the exhaust air line (82) there is provided at least one fan unit (86) with an adjustable delivery flow rate and a throttle flap (88) arranged downstream of the fan unit (86) in the flow direction of the exhaust air, and the fresh air quantity control and/or exhaust air quantity control (50) controls the fan unit (86) and the throttle flap (88) in order to control the fresh air quantity that can be introduced into the lock zone (7, 11) and/or the exhaust air quantity that can be discharged from the zone (8, 10) for drying and curing workpieces.
3. Drying and/or curing installation according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fresh air quantity control and/or exhaust air quantity control (50) sets the fresh air quantity and/or exhaust air quantity such that the fresh air quantity and/or exhaust air quantity is sufficient to prevent condensate formation in the lock zone (7, 11).
4. Drying and/or curing installation according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the fresh air quantity control and/or exhaust air quantity control (50) sets the fresh air quantity and/or exhaust air quantity in dependence on an instantaneous number of supplied workpieces (4).
5. Drying and/or curing installation according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the fresh air quantity control and/or exhaust air quantity control (50) sets the fresh air quantity and/or exhaust air quantity in dependence on an instantaneous humidity in at least one zone (7 - 11), in particular in a zone configured as a lock zone (7, 11).
6. Drying and/or curing installation according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the fresh air quantity control and/or exhaust air quantity control (50) sets the fresh air quantity and/or exhaust air quantity in dependence on an instantaneous total carbon content in at least one zone (7 - 11), in particular in a zone configured as a lock zone (7, 11) or as a retention zone (10), and/or in that the fresh air quantity control and/or exhaust air quantity control (50) sets the fresh air quantity and/or exhaust air quantity in dependence on an energy consumption of a heating device (15 - 19), in particular a gas consumption of a gas burner (20) of the heating device (15 - 19), and/or in dependence on the setting of a gas regulator flap for the gas burner (20) of the heating device (15 - 19).
7. Drying and/or curing installation according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the nozzle (59, 60) is oriented into an interior of the lock zone (7, 11).
8. Drying and/or curing installation according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the gas mixture in the common line (85) can be introduced into the lock zone (7, 11), and in that the fresh air quantity control and/or exhaust air quantity control (50) controls at least indirectly that part of the exhaust air quantity that can be introduced into the lock zone (7, 11).
9. Drying and/or curing installation according to Claim 8, characterized in that the nozzle (59, 60) is a slotted nozzle.
10. Drying and/or curing installation according to Claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the lock zone (7) is a first lock zone and a further lock zone (11) is provided with an opening through which workpieces (4) can be moved along the conveying direction (6) through an air flow (99, 100) by means of which hot air from an interior of the further lock zone (11) cannot reach an outer part (97) of the further lock zone (11), with a nozzle (60) that is arranged at an outer end of the further lock zone (11) and that supplies air to the interior (12) in order to generate the air flow (99, 100), wherein the gas mixture in the common line (85) can be introduced into the further lock zone (11), and wherein the fresh air quantity control and/or exhaust air quantity control (50) controls at least indirectly that part of the exhaust air quantity that can be introduced into the further lock zone (11).
11. Drying and/or curing installation according to Claim 10, characterized in that the nozzle (60) arranged at the outer end of the second lock zone (11) is a slotted nozzle.
12. Painting installation (2), which has a drying and/or curing installation (10029 according to one of Claims 1 to 11.
13. Use of a drying and/or curing installation according to one of Claims 1 to 11 for drying painted bodies for a vehicle or aircraft.

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