EP2417278B1 - Gleitelement mit einstellbaren eigenschaften - Google Patents
Gleitelement mit einstellbaren eigenschaften Download PDFInfo
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- EP2417278B1 EP2417278B1 EP09763853.0A EP09763853A EP2417278B1 EP 2417278 B1 EP2417278 B1 EP 2417278B1 EP 09763853 A EP09763853 A EP 09763853A EP 2417278 B1 EP2417278 B1 EP 2417278B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- sliding element
- wear
- element according
- percent
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- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 71
- 239000002347 wear-protection layer Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910003470 tongbaite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 241000792859 Enema Species 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007920 enema Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229940095399 enema Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910018487 Ni—Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 as WC) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- UFGZSIPAQKLCGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium carbide Chemical compound [Cr]#C[Cr]C#[Cr] UFGZSIPAQKLCGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013101 initial test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001120 nichrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005382 thermal cycling Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
- C23C28/021—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material including at least one metal alloy layer
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- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
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- C23C28/023—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material only coatings of metal elements only
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
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- C23C28/321—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer with at least one metal alloy layer
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
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- C23C28/322—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer only coatings of metal elements only
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- C23C28/324—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer with at least one metal matrix material layer comprising a mixture of at least two metals or metal phases or a metal-matrix material with hard embedded particles, e.g. WC-Me
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
- C23C28/341—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with at least one carbide layer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
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- C23C28/347—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with layers adapted for cutting tools or wear applications
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/36—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including layers graded in composition or physical properties
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/06—Metallic material
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10T428/12056—Entirely inorganic
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- Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sliding element, in particular a piston ring, with adjustable properties, in particular with respect to the wear behavior, according to claim 1.
- Iron-based coatings applied by means of thermal spraying, are not yet used on the piston ring.
- LDS arc wire spraying
- EP 1 022 351 B2 The production of wear protection layers by means of the thermal spraying process is a known method.
- Today's powder materials used for it are based on Mo, WC, NiCr and Cr 3 C 2 .
- WO 2008/083793 and DE 10 2007 025949 reveal wear protection coatings for piston rings.
- the invention is therefore based on the following objects.
- an optimization of the run-in behavior should be achieved.
- the base material matrix should preferably have similar physical properties (thermal expansion coefficient and thermal conductivity) as the underlying substrate and sufficient mechanical properties (hardness, ductility).
- a minimum proportion of the iron-containing base system of 25% by weight results in a quasi-homogeneous system between the substrate and the coating.
- the thermal energy generated during the mixed friction in particular in the OT or UT range, can be better dissipated and a uniform thermal relaxation process can be ensured by the temperature fluctuations present in the motor.
- the application of Fe base alloys as a piston ring base coating material together with a carbide system and a run-in layer (graded or not graded) produced by thermal spraying results in a new type of piston ring.
- the piston ring to be coated can be a cast but also a steel piston ring.
- the new material system consists of the following elements: iron (Fe), tungsten (W, as WC), chromium (Cr, as Cr and Cr 3 C 2 ), nickel (Ni), molybdenum (Mo), silicon ( Si) and carbon (C, partially bound in Fe, W and Cr as carbide or in pure form, electrochemically coated with nickel).
- the amount of carbides is 10-75 weight percent composed of 0-60 weight percent tungsten carbide, WC, and 0-50 weight percent chromium carbide, Cr 3 C 2 .
- the iron-base alloy without carbides is not recommended because the wear resistance (measured as described below) does not meet today's requirements.
- An increase of the total carbide content above 75 wt.% Is not recommended for use as a piston ring coating, because too high a carbide content, the layer gets too strong ceramic character (too high modulus) and thus the thermal cycling in the engine does not withstand.
- the sliding element further comprises a transition layer between the wear protection layer and the run-in layer, wherein the chemical composition of the transition layer has a graduation ratio of 20:80 to 80:20, based on the wear protection layer and the run-in layer.
- the chemical composition is in the grading ratio 20:80 to 80:20 for the single-layer types Wear protection layer: inlet layer adjustable.
- the layer thickness of the wear protection layer is in the range of 100-800 ⁇ m, preferably 200-600 ⁇ m, and most preferably 300-500 ⁇ m.
- the layer thickness of the inlet layer is in the range of 100-500 ⁇ m, preferably 200-400 ⁇ m, and most preferably 150-300 ⁇ m.
- the layer thickness of the transition layer in which the wear protection and enema layer are graded is in the range of 0-600 ⁇ m, and most preferably 0-250 ⁇ m.
- the substrate is a ring with a diameter greater than 220 mm, preferably greater than 430 mm and a maximum of 980 mm.
- the particle sizes of the powder are in the range of 1 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the carbides are embedded in a nickel-chromium matrix and have a particle size of 0.5-5 microns.
- the powder was thermally sprayed and, for various variants, the chemical composition (Table 1), the carbide content (Table 2), the microstructure ( Fig. 1 ), porosity and hardness (Table 3).
- Table 1 the chemical composition
- Table 2 the carbide content
- Fig. 1 the microstructure
- Table 3 porosity and hardness
- Experiments 1 and 2 differ in that layer type 1 was produced in experiment 1 and layer type 2 in experiment 2.
- the respective top layer contains no carbides, as this layer is used for a controlled enema.
- the microstructure pictures show homogeneously distributed carbides for the wear protection layer, no unmelted particles and a very dense layer with a very low porosity of ⁇ 2%. In the top layer, the graphite precipitations are clearly visible.
- the layer thickness of the wear protection layer is 330 microns, the inlet layer 180 microns.
- Table 3 Hardness / Porosity of Wear Protection Layer Type 1 attempt Carbide content target HV1 porosity # (Wt%) % 1.1 0 520 ⁇ 1 1.2 20 564 ⁇ 1 1.3 40 597 ⁇ 1 1.4 60 710 ⁇ 2
- Type 1 wear protection layer has a porosity of ⁇ 1-2% at a hardness of about 520HV1 for the carbide-free Fe base material up to 710HV1 for the Fe base material with a carbide content of 60 % By weight.
- the hardness of the inlet layer can not be determined due to the high graphite content.
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Description
- Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Gleitelement, insbesondere einen Kolbenring, mit einstellbaren Eigenschaften, insbesondere bezüglich des Verschleißverhaltens, gemäß Anspruch 1.
- Heutzutage sind die Kundenanforderungen hinsichtlich des Verschleißverhaltens auf dem Kolbenring und der Zylinderlaufbahn unterschiedlich. Einerseits wird ein möglichst geringer Verschleiß verlangt, andererseits benötigen Motorenhersteller auch höhere Verschleißraten, um aus deren Sicht ein möglichst gutes Einlaufverhalten für das System "Kolbenring/Zylinderlaufbuchse geschmiert" zu erhalten. Diese Aufgabe stellt sich zunehmend im Bereich von 2-Takt-Motoren (Ringdurchmesser > 430mm).
- Eisen-basierte Beschichtungen, aufgetragen mittels thermischen Spritzens, finden noch keine Anwendung auf dem Kolbenring. Im Bereich des Kurbeltriebs sind bisher lediglich auf Eisen basierende Beschichtungen auf der Zylinderlaufbahn bekannt, die mittels Lichtbogendrahtspritzens (LDS) hergestellt sind (
EP 1 022 351 B2 ). Die Herstellung von Verschleißschutzschichten mittels des thermischen Spritzprozesses ist ein bekanntes Verfahren. Die heutigen dafür verwendeten Pulvermaterialien basieren auf Mo, WC, NiCr und Cr3C2.DE 10163976 ,WO 2008/083793 undDE 10 2007 025949 offenbaren Verschleißschutzbeschichtungen für Kolbenringe. - Der Erfindung liegen daher folgende Aufgaben zugrunde. Einerseits eine Verbesserung der tribologischen Eigenschaften von thermisch gespritzten Kolbenringen mit einem bisher nicht verwendeten Materialsystem als Beschichtungsmaterial im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Kolbenringbeschichtungen auf Mo-Basis. Weiterhin die Herstellung von den Kundenanforderungen entsprechenden, beschichteten Kolbenringen, die hinsichtlich des Verschleißverhaltens und der Eigenspannungen maßgeschneidert sind, wobei die Beschichtung über thermisches Spritzen erfolgt. Ferner soll eine Optimierung des Einlaufverhaltens erreicht werden. Die Basismaterialmatrix soll bevorzugt ähnliche physikalische Eigenschaften (thermischer Ausdehnungskoeffizient und Wärmeleitfähigkeit) wie das zugrundeliegende Substrat sowie ausreichend mechanische Eigenschaften (Härte, Duktilität) aufweisen.
- Gemäß einem ersten Aspekt der Erfindung wird ein Gleitelement bereitgestellt, insbesondere ein Kolbenring für eine Verbrennungskraftmaschine, umfassend
- ein Substrat; und
- eine Verschleißschutzschicht, erhältlich durch thermisches Spritzen eines Pulvers umfassend die Elementanteile
2-50 Gewichtsprozent Eisen, FE;
5-60 Gewichtsprozent Wolfram, W;
5-40 Gewichtsprozent Chrom, Cr;
5-25 Gewichtsprozent Nickel, Ni;
1-5 Gewichtsprozent Molybdän, Mo;
1-10 Kohlenstoff, C; und
0,1-2 Gewichtsprozent Silizium, Si;
und - eine Einlaufschicht, erhältlich durch thermisches Spritzen eines Pulvers umfassend die Elementanteile
60-95 Gewichtsprozent Nickel;
5-40 Gewichtsprozent Kohlenstoff. - Um die vorstehend beschriebene Aufgabe zu lösen ist ein Schichtsystem herzustellen, bestehend aus einem Basissystem mit ähnlichen physikalischen Eigenschaften wie das zu beschichtende Substrat sowie einer ausreichenden Festigkeit, verbunden mit einem verschleißresistenten Anteil, wobei es je nach Anteil zu unterschiedlichen Verschleißraten am Ring und Liner im geschmierten Zustand kommt. Ebenso ist die Art und Stärke der Eigenspannungen durch die Zugabe von definierten Mengen des verschleißresistenten Anteils einstellbar. Grundsätzlich sind keine Zugeigenspannungen in thermisch gespritzten Schichten erwünscht, da diese das Risswachstum eines entstehenden Risses nicht reduzieren oder sogar fördern können. Die Lösung ist ein neues Fe-basiertes System, das durch Karbide verstärkt wird, verbunden mit einer den Anforderungen des Motorenherstellers angepassten Einlaufschicht.
- Hinsichtlich der physikalischen Eigenschaften (Wärmeleitfähigkeit, thermischer Ausdehnungskoeffizient) entsteht durch einen Mindestanteil des Eisenhaltigen Basissystems von 25 Gew. % ein quasi-homogenes System zwischen Substrat und Beschichtung. Dadurch kann die während der Mischreibung, insbesondere im OT- oder UT-Bereich, entstehende thermische Energie besser abgeführt und ein gleichmäßiger thermischer Relaxationsprozess durch die im Motor vorliegenden Temperaturschwankungen gewährleistet werden. Die Anwendung von Fe-Basis-Legierungen als Kolbenringbasisbeschichtungsmaterial zusammen mit einem karbidischen System und einer Einlaufschicht (gradiert oder nicht gradiert), hergestellt mittels thermischen Spritzens, resultiert in einem neuen Kolbenringtyp. Der zu beschichtende Kolbenring kann dabei ein Guss- aber auch ein Stahlkolbenring sein.
- Gemäß einer Ausführungsform besteht das neue Materialsystem aus den folgenden Elementen: Eisen (Fe), Wolfram (W, als WC), Chrom (Cr, als Cr und Cr3C2), Nickel (Ni), Molybdän (Mo), Silizium (Si) und Kohlenstoff (C, teilweise gebunden in Fe, W und Cr als Karbid oder in Reinform, elektrochemisch umhüllt mit Nickel).
- Gemäß einer Ausführungsform beträgt der Anteil an Karbiden 10-75 Gewichtsprozent, zusammengesetzt aus 0-60 Gewichtsprozent Wolfram-Karbid, WC, und 0-50 Gewichtsprozent Chrom-Karbid, Cr3C2.
- Die Eisenbasislegierung ohne Karbide ist nicht zu empfehlen, da der Verschleißwiderstand (gemessen wie unten beschrieben) die heutigen Anforderungen nicht erfüllt. Eine Erhöhung des gesamten Karbidanteils über 75 Gew.% ist für die Anwendung als Kolbenringbeschichtung nicht zu empfehlen, da bei zu hohem Karbidanteil die Schicht einen zu stark keramischen Charakter bekommt (zu hohes E-Modul) und damit den Temperaturwechselbeanspruchungen im Motor nicht standhält.
- Gemäß einer Ausführungsform umfasst das Gleitelement weiter eine Übergangsschicht zwischen der Verschleißschutzschicht und der Einlaufschicht, wobei die chemische Zusammensetzung der Übergangsschicht ein Graduierungsverhältnis von 20:80 bis 80:20 aufweist, bezogen auf die Verschleißschutzschicht und die Einlaufschicht.
- Die chemische Zusammensetzung ist im Gradierungsverhältnis 20:80 bis 80:20 für die Einzelschichttypen Verschleißschutzschicht : Einlaufschicht einstellbar.
-
- 1. Schicht: Verschleißschutzschicht
- 2. Schicht: auf der Seite der Verschleißschutzschicht ist die chemische Zusammensetzung der Übergangsschicht zu 80 % wie die Zusammensetzung der Verschleißschutzschicht, zu 20 % wie die der Einlaufschicht, zur Seite der Einlaufschicht hin erfolgt ein im Wesentlichen linearer Übergang bis hin zu einer Zusammensetzung, die zu 20 % der Zusammensetzung der Verschleißschutzschicht, zu 80 % der Zusammensetzung der Einlaufschicht entspricht
- 3. Schicht: Einlaufschicht
-
- 1. Schicht: Verschleißschutzschicht
- 2. Schicht: chemische Zusammensetzung 20 % wie Verschleißschutzschicht, 80 % wie Einlaufschicht, Übergang linear zu 80 % wie Verschleißschutzschicht, 20 % wie Einlaufschicht
- 3. Schicht: Einlaufschicht
- Gemäß einer Ausführungsform liegt die Schichtdicke der Verschleißschutzschicht im Bereich von 100-800 µm, bevorzugt 200-600 µm, und am meisten bevorzugt 300-500 µm.
- Gemäß einer Ausführungsform liegt die Schichtdicke der Einlaufschicht im Bereich von 100-500 µm, bevorzugt 200-400 µm, und am meisten bevorzugt 150-300 µm.
- Gemäß einer Ausführungsform liegt die Schichtdicke der Übergangsschicht, in der Verschleißschutz- und Einlaufschicht gradiert vorliegen, im Bereich von 0-600 µm, und am meisten bevorzugt 0-250 µm.
- Gemäß einer Ausführungsform ist das Substrat ein Ring mit einem Durchmesser größer 220 mm, bevorzugt größer 430 mm und maximal 980 mm.
- Gemäß einer Ausführungsform liegen die Partikelgrößen des Pulvers im Bereich von 1 - 100 µm.
- Gemäß einer Ausführungsform sind die Karbide in einer Nickel-Chrom-Matrix eingebettet und weisen eine Partikelgröße von 0,5-5 µm auf.
-
- Fig. 1
- zeigt die Mikrostruktur einer thermisch gespritzten Verschleißschutz/Einlauf-Schicht nach einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung;
- Das Pulver wurde thermisch gespritzt und für verschiedene Varianten wurden die chemische Zusammensetzung (Tabelle 1), der Karbidanteil (Tabelle 2), die Mikrostruktur (
Fig. 1 ), die Porösität und Härte (Tabelle 3) geprüft. Versuch 1 und 2 unterscheiden sich dadurch, dass Schichttyp 1 im Versuch 1 und Schichttyp 2 im Versuch 2 hergestellt wurde. Für die Versuche 1.1 bis 1.4 bzw. 2.1 bis 2.4 wurden unterschiedliche Karbidkonzentrationen eingestellt. Die jeweilige Topschicht enthält keine Karbide, da diese Schicht für einen kontrollierten Einlauf eingesetzt wird.Tabelle 1: Chemische Zusammensetzung der Verschleißschutz-/Einlaufschicht Typ 1 Versuch Karbidanteil Chemische Zusammensetzung Fe W Cr Ni Mo C Si Ni C Verschleißschutzschicht Einlaufschicht # (Gew%) (Gew%) (Gew%) 1.1 0 47,5 0 28 17 4,6 1,8 1,1 70 30 1.2 20 35,7 11,2 30,2 15,2 3,8 3,1 0,8 70 30 1.3 40 23,9 22,5 33,2 12,4 2,6 4,9 0,5 90 10 1.4 60 11,4 33,8 34,8 11,7 2,3 5,7 0,3 90 10 Tabelle 2: Karbidanteil der Verschleißschutz-/Einlaufschicht Typ 1 Versuch Karbidanteil Einzelne Karbide Verschleißschutzschicht Einlaufschicht WC Cr3C2 Karbide insgesamt Soll Ist Ist Ist # (Gew%) (Gew%) 1.1 0 0 0 0 1.2 20 9 13 0 1.3 40 17,5 25 0 1.4 60 26 37,5 0 - Die Mikrostrukturaufnahmen (
Fig. 1 ) zeigen homogen verteilte Karbide für die Verschleißschutzschicht, keine unaufgeschmolzenen Partikel und eine sehr dichte Schicht mit einer sehr geringen Porösität von < 2%. In der Topschicht sind die Graphitaussscheidungen deutlich zu erkennen. Die Schichtdicke der Verschleißschutzschicht beträgt 330 µm, die der Einlaufschicht 180 µm.Tabelle 3: Härte/Porösität der Verschleißschutzschicht Typ 1 Versuch Karbidanteil Soll HV1 Porosität # (Gew%) % 1.1 0 520 <1 1.2 20 564 <1 1.3 40 597 <1 1.4 60 710 <2 - Wie in Tabelle 3 dargestellt, haben erste Versuche gezeigt, dass die Verschleißschutzschicht des Typs 1 eine Porösität von < 1-2 % bei einer Härte von etwa 520HV1 für den Karbidfreien Fe-Basiswerkstoff bis zu 710HV1 für den Fe-Basiswerkstoff mit einem Karbidanteil von 60 Gew.% aufweisen. Die Härte der Einlaufschicht lässt sich aufgrund des hohen Graphitanteils nicht bestimmen.
- Die Zugabe von Karbiden ermöglicht eine gezielte Einstellung der Härte am Ring und der Zylinderlaufbuchse. Zusätzlich bleibt trotz der hohen Belastungen während des Verschleißtests die Mikrostruktur weitgehend erhalten, was grundsätzlich auf einen mit dieser erfindungsgemäßen Beschichtung hergestellten verschleißresistenten Kolbenring für das System "Ring/Laufluchse geschmiert" hinweist, nachdem der Einlaufprozess abgeschlossen ist.
Claims (15)
- Gleitelement, insbesondere Kolbenring für eine Verbrennungskraftmaschine, umfassend- ein Substrat; und- eine Verschleißschutzschicht, erhältlich durch thermisches Spritzen eines Pulvers umfassend die Elementanteile
2-50 Gewichtsprozent Eisen, FE;
5-60 Gewichtsprozent Wolfram, W;
5-40 Gewichtsprozent Chrom, Cr;
5-25 Gewichtsprozent Nickel, Ni;
1-5 Gewichtsprozent Molybdän, Mo;
1-10 Gewichtsprozent Kohlenstoff, C; und
0,1-2 Gewichtsprozent Silizium, Si;
und- eine Einlaufschicht, erhältlich durch thermisches Spritzen eines Pulvers umfassend die Elementanteile
60-95 Gewichtsprozent Nickel;
5-40 Gewichtsprozent Kohlenstoff. - Gleitelement nach Anspruch 1, weiter umfassend eine Übergangsschicht zwischen der Verschleißschutzschicht und der Einlaufschicht, wobei die chemische Zusammensetzung der Übergangsschicht ein Graduierungsverhältnis von 20:80 bis 80:20 aufweist, bezogen auf die Verschleißschutzschicht und die Einlaufschicht, wobei die Zusammensetzung der Übergangsschicht auf der Seite der Verschleißschutzschicht zu 80% der Zusammensetzung der Verschleißschutzschicht und zu 20% der Zusammensetzung der Einlaufschicht entspricht, und wobei zur Seite der Einlaufschicht hin ein linearer Übergang erfolgt bis hin zu einer Zusammensetzung der Übergangsschicht auf der Seite der Einlaufschicht, die zu 20% der Zusammensetzung der Verschleißschutzschicht und zu 80% der Zusammensetzung der Einlaufschicht entspricht.
- Gleitelement nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei der Anteil an Karbiden des Pulvers für die Verschleißschutzschicht 10-75 Gewichtsprozent beträgt, zusammengesetzt aus 0-60 Gewichtsprozent Wolfram-Karbid, WC, und 0-50 Gewichtsprozent Chrom-Karbid, Cr3C2.
- Gleitelement nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Schichtdicke der Verschleißschutzschicht im Bereich von 100-800 µm liegt.
- Gleitelement nach Anspruch 4, wobei die Schichtdicke der Verschleißschutzschicht im Bereich 200-600 µm liegt.
- Gleitelement nach Anspruch 4, wobei die Schichtdicke der Verschleißschutzschicht im Bereich 300-500 µm liegt.
- Gleitelement nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Schichtdicke der Einlaufschicht im Bereich von 100-500 µm, bevorzugt 200-400 µm, und am meisten bevorzugt 150-300 µm liegt.
- Gleitelement nach Anspruch 7, wobei die Schichtdicke der Einlaufschicht im Bereich von 200-400 µm liegt.
- Gleitelement nach Anspruch 7, wobei die Schichtdicke der Einlaufschicht im Bereich von 150-300 µm liegt.
- Gleitelement nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 9, wobei die Schichtdicke der Übergangsschicht, in der Verschleißschutz- und Einlaufschicht gradiert vorliegen, im Bereich von 0-600 µm liegt.
- Gleitelement nach Anspruch 10, wobei die Schichtdicke der Übergangsschicht, in der Verschleißschutz- und Einlaufschicht gradiert vorliegen, im Bereich von 0-250 µm liegt.
- Gleitelement nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Substrat ein Ring mit einem Durchmesser größer 220 mm ist.
- Gleitelement nach Anspruch 12, wobei das Substrat ein Ring mit einem Durchmesser größer 430 mm und maximal 980 mm ist.
- Gleitelement nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Partikelgrößen des Pulvers im Bereich von 1-100 µm liegen.
- Gleitelement nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Karbide in einer Nickel-Chrom-Matrix eingebettet sind und eine Partikelgröße von 0,5-5 µm aufweisen.
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DE (1) | DE102009016650B3 (de) |
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DE102010038289A1 (de) * | 2010-07-22 | 2012-01-26 | Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh | Kolbenring mit thermischen gespritzter Beschichtung und Herstellungsverfahren davon |
BRPI1101402A2 (pt) * | 2011-03-29 | 2013-06-04 | Mahle Metal Leve Sa | elemento deslizante |
DE102011079016B3 (de) | 2011-07-12 | 2012-09-20 | Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh | Verschleißschutzschicht für Kolbenringe, Auftragsverfahren und Kolbenring |
KR20140083020A (ko) | 2011-10-25 | 2014-07-03 | 가부시키가이샤 아이에이치아이 | 피스톤 링 |
DE102012201340A1 (de) * | 2012-01-31 | 2013-08-01 | Aktiebolaget Skf | Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Gleitringdichtung und Gleitringdichtung |
DE102012107499A1 (de) * | 2012-08-16 | 2014-05-22 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Beschichtung |
DE102012018276A1 (de) * | 2012-09-14 | 2014-05-15 | Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh | Verschleißschutzschicht für Kolbenringe |
CN104032254A (zh) * | 2014-05-16 | 2014-09-10 | 浙江欧耀机械有限公司 | 一种柱塞接触面抗磨蚀层喷涂工艺 |
CN104630685A (zh) * | 2015-01-28 | 2015-05-20 | 河北钢铁股份有限公司 | 一种零膨胀系数的金属陶瓷复合粉末过渡层材料 |
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DE102017116480A1 (de) * | 2017-07-21 | 2019-01-24 | Federal-Mogul Friedberg Gmbh | Kolbenring mit kugelgestrahlter Einlaufschicht und Verfahren zur Herstellung |
DE102018106983B4 (de) * | 2018-03-23 | 2022-07-07 | Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh | Kolbenring für Zweitaktmotoren mit einer Verschleißanzeige |
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US20120306158A1 (en) | 2012-12-06 |
CN102333903A (zh) | 2012-01-25 |
US8911875B2 (en) | 2014-12-16 |
KR101603637B1 (ko) | 2016-03-15 |
DE102009016650B3 (de) | 2010-07-29 |
CN102333903B (zh) | 2013-09-18 |
BRPI0924746B1 (pt) | 2019-04-16 |
KR20120014555A (ko) | 2012-02-17 |
BRPI0924746A2 (pt) | 2016-01-26 |
PT2417278E (pt) | 2014-04-30 |
EP2417278A1 (de) | 2012-02-15 |
WO2010115448A1 (de) | 2010-10-14 |
JP2012522896A (ja) | 2012-09-27 |
JP5629307B2 (ja) | 2014-11-19 |
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