EP2413337A1 - Matériau pour contact électrique - Google Patents

Matériau pour contact électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2413337A1
EP2413337A1 EP10755584A EP10755584A EP2413337A1 EP 2413337 A1 EP2413337 A1 EP 2413337A1 EP 10755584 A EP10755584 A EP 10755584A EP 10755584 A EP10755584 A EP 10755584A EP 2413337 A1 EP2413337 A1 EP 2413337A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrical contact
equal
contact material
graphite
silver
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10755584A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2413337A4 (fr
Inventor
Takashi Hatakeyama
Noboru Uenishi
Yasuhiko Suzuki
Norihito Goma
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ALMT Corp
Original Assignee
ALMT Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ALMT Corp filed Critical ALMT Corp
Publication of EP2413337A1 publication Critical patent/EP2413337A1/fr
Publication of EP2413337A4 publication Critical patent/EP2413337A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/021—Composite material
    • H01H1/023—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
    • C22C5/06—Alloys based on silver
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/021—Composite material
    • H01H1/023—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material
    • H01H1/0233—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material and containing carbides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/021—Composite material
    • H01H1/027—Composite material containing carbon particles or fibres

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to electrical contact materials and more particularly, to an electrical contact material made of a silver-graphite (Ag-Gr) based material and used for an interrupter switch (breaker) or the like.
  • Ag-Gr silver-graphite
  • Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Publication No. 8-239724 discloses a material for an electrical contact, made of silver, a silver alloy, or a silver composite material, which contains 0.05 through 7% by weight of carbon.
  • the carbon which is in the form of carbon black having an average primary particle diameter of less than 150 nm is added to a powder of the silver, the silver alloy, or the silver composite material, and this mixture is subjected to cold hydrostatic pressure compression through extrusion and to sintering.
  • Patent Document 2 discloses a composite material for an electrical contact, which is made of silver, a silver-containing alloy, or a silver-containing composite material and 0.5 through 10% by weight of carbon.
  • This composite material for an electrical contact is formed by subjecting a carbon powder in combination with carbon fibers and a powdery metal composition to a powder metallurgy process so as to have an average length of the carbon fibers being greater than or equal to twice as long as an average diameter of carbon powder particles.
  • Patent Document 3 discloses a material for an electrical contact, which is a sintered compact of a composite powder whose chief ingredient is a silver powder.
  • This material for an electrical contact is manufactured by conducting a step of mixing a chief material whose chief ingredient is the silver powder and the carbon fine powder through mechanical alloying to obtain a mixed powder, wherein the silver is formed by dispersively mixing a carbon fine powder into the silver powder, a step of compacting this composite powder to form a compact, and a step of sintering this compact.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide an electrical contact material capable of reducing a wear-out rate after breaking tests in an overload test and a short-circuit test of a breaker and the like.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an electrical contact material capable of preventing welding after the breaking tests in the overload test and the short-circuit test of a breaker and the like.
  • the present inventors have conducted various studies regarding causes of a large wear-out rate of an electrical contact material, caused after a short-circuit breaking test of a breaker using an electrical contact material made of a silver-graphite based material.
  • the electrical contact material used for the breaker for a large current includes 4% by mass or more and 7% by mass or less of graphite, and the remainder is composed of silver and an unavoidable impurity.
  • an electrical contact material according to one aspect of the present invention has the following features.
  • the electrical contact material according to the one aspect of the present invention includes 4% by mass or more and 7% by mass or less of graphite, the remainder includes silver and an unavoidable impurity, a deflection thereof is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm, a Vickers hardness thereof is greater than or equal to 55, and an oxygen content therein is less than or equal to 100 ppm.
  • a transverse rupture strength is greater than or equal to 210 MPa.
  • an average particle diameter of the graphite is greater than or equal to 40 nm and less than or equal to 8 ⁇ m.
  • the electrical contact material according to the one aspect of the present invention further includes a tungsten carbide.
  • an average particle diameter of the tungsten carbide is greater than or equal to 40 nm and less than or equal to 3 ⁇ m and a content of the tungsten carbide is greater than or equal to 2% by mass and less than or equal to 4% by mass. It is further preferable that an average particle diameter of the tungsten carbide is greater than or equal to 40 nm and less than or equal to 150 nm.
  • the electrical contact material used for the breaker for a small current includes 0.5% by mass or more and 2% by mass or less of graphite, and the remainder is composed of silver and an unavoidable impurity.
  • an electrical contact material according to another aspect of the present invention has the following features.
  • the electrical contact material according to the another aspect of the present invention includes 0.5% by mass or more and 2% by mass or less of graphite, the remainder includes silver and an unavoidable impurity, a deflection thereof is greater than or equal to 0.8 mm, a Vickers hardness thereof is greater than or equal to 40, and an oxygen content therein is less than or equal to 100 ppm.
  • a transverse rupture strength is greater than or equal to 120 MPa.
  • an average particle diameter of the graphite is greater than or equal to 40 nm and less than or equal to 8 ⁇ m.
  • a wear-out rate of an electrical contact material, incorporated into a breaker for a large current, after a short-circuit test can be reduced.
  • a wear-out rate of an electrical contact material, incorporated into a breaker for a small current, after an overload test can be reduced.
  • the electrical contact material of the breaker for a large current to further include a tungsten carbide, welding after a breaking test in the short-circuit test can be prevented.
  • Fig. 1 is a side view illustrating a layout of a fixed side contact member and a moving side contact member, constituting a breaker into which an electrical contact material as one embodiment of the present invention is incorporated, in a closed state.
  • Fig. 2 is a side view illustrating a layout of the fixed side contact member and the moving side contact member, constituting the breaker into which the electrical contact material as the one embodiment of the present invention is incorporated, in an open state.
  • a breaker 10 includes: a fixed-side contact member 30; and a moving-side contact member 20 arranged so as to be repeatedly movable to be capable of contacting the fixed-side contact member 30 and of separating from the fixed-side contact member 30.
  • a junction body of an electrical contact material 31 and a metal base 32 constitutes the fixed-side contact member 30.
  • a junction body of an electrical contact material 21 and a metal base 22 constitutes the moving-side contact member 20.
  • An electrical contact material 31 according to the embodiment of the present invention is used in one part of the fixed-side contact member 30 of the breaker 10.
  • the electrical contact material 31 shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 is one example of the "electrical contact material" according to the present invention.
  • the electrical contact material 31 and the metal base 32 are joined to each other via a brazing filler metal 4, with an upper surface of a junction part 32a being a joint surface, the junction part 32a integrally formed on a side of the metal base 32.
  • the electrical contact material 21 and the metal base 22 are joined to each other via a brazing filler metal 4, with an upper surface of a junction part being a joint surface, the junction part integrally formed on a side of the metal base 22.
  • the moving-side contact member 20 and the fixed-side contact member 30 are configured as described above. Therefore, in a case where a current exceeding a permissible current value of the breaker 10 flows for a predetermined period of time, a built-in contact tripping device (not shown) operates, thereby shifting a state of the breaker 10 from a state where the electrical contact material 21 of the moving-side contact member 20 is in contact with the electrical contact material 31 of the fixed-side contact member 30 as shown in Fig. 1 (closed state) to a state where the electrical contact material 21 of the moving-side contact member 20 is instantaneously pulled apart from the electrical contact material 31 of the fixed-side contact member 30 in a direction indicated by an arrow Q as shown in Fig. 2 and thereby breaking the current.
  • the breaker 10 is configured. As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 , in the fixed-side contact member 30, a side of an end portion of the metal base 32, where the electrical contact material 31 is not provided, is connected to a primary side (power source side) terminal of the breaker 10, and in the moving-side contact member 20, an end portion of the metal base 22, where the electrical contact material 21 is not provided, is connected to a secondary side (load side) terminal of the breaker 10.
  • the electrical contact material 21 on the moving side incorporated into the breaker 10 for a large current whose rated current value is approximately 100A through 3200A, is made of a silver-tungsten carbide (Ag-WC) based material
  • the electrical contact material 31 on the fixed side is made of a silver-graphite (Ag-Gr) based material in which 4% by mass or more and 7% by mass or less of graphite is included, the remainder includes silver and an unavoidable impurity, a deflection is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm, a Vickers hardness is greater than or equal to 55, and an oxygen content is less than or equal to 100 ppm.
  • the hardness of the electrical contact material 31 at an ordinary temperature is set to be relatively large, being greater than or equal to the specific value; the deflection amount is set to be relatively large, being greater than or equal to the specific value; the oxygen content is suppressed to be less than or equal to the specific value; and the electrical contact material 31 is formed so as to avoid deformation in a state where heat is generated by flowing of a large current (under a high temperature), thereby allowing a wear-out amount after a short-circuit test to be reduced.
  • a content of the graphite is increased, since the graphite particles finely dispersed in the material bring about a pinning effect, the material is reinforced. This enhances the hardness and a transverse rupture strength of the material. If a content of the graphite is less than 4% by mass, the pinning effect cannot be obtained. If a content of the graphite exceeds 7% by mass, since the pinning effect becomes excessive, a deflection amount is decreased.
  • a deflection amount is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm. If a deflection amount is less than 0.5 mm, since toughness of the material is low, the above-mentioned repetitive shocks cause cracking in the electrical contact material 31. However, for the reason of difficulty in manufacturing, it is preferable that a deflection amount is less than or equal to 2 mm.
  • the "difficulty in manufacturing" means that however large a deflection amount may be desired to be, 2 mm is the limit thereof in manufacturing.
  • a Vickers hardness is greater than or equal to 55. If a Vickers hardness is less than 55, due to an insufficiency of a hardness of a material, a contact shape cannot be maintained in the short-circuit test in which a contact load is large. In the overload test, since a contact load is small, a Vickers hardness hardly exerts an influence on the contact shape. However, because an excessively large hardness increases a contact resistance between contacts, it is preferable that a Vickers hardness is less than or equal to 150.
  • an oxygen content exceeds 100 ppm, since oxygen present in a material is gasified by a high heat of several thousand degrees generated during the short-circuit test, a part of a base material of the electrical contact material 31 is dispersed. This increases a rate at which the electrical contact material 31 is worn out.
  • an oxygen content is greater than or equal to 20 ppm.
  • the "difficulty in manufacturing” means that however small an oxygen content may be desired to be, 20 ppm is the limit thereof in manufacturing.
  • a transverse rupture strength is greater than or equal to 210 MPa. If a transverse rupture strength is less than 210 MPa, in the short-circuit test in which a contact load is large, the electrical contact material 31 is destroyed due to an insufficiency of a mechanical strength of the material. In the overload test, since a contact load is small, a transverse rupture strength hardly exerts an influence. However, for the reason of difficulty in manufacturing, it is preferable that a transverse rupture strength is less than or equal to 300 MPa.
  • the "difficulty in manufacturing" means that however large a transverse rupture strength may be desired to be, 300 MPa is the limit thereof in manufacturing.
  • an average particle diameter of the graphite is greater than or equal to 40 nm and less than or equal to 8 ⁇ m. If an average particle diameter of the graphite is less than 40 nm, since the graphite particles are excessively fine, the graphite particles are densely crammed into interstices among the silver particles. Therefore, each area where a silver particle and a silver particle are in contact with each other becomes extremely small. Originally, the silver serves to retain a strength of the electrical contact material 31.
  • the electrical contact material 31 further includes a tungsten carbide.
  • the electrical contact material 31 further includes the tungsten carbide (WC), thereby allowing a hardness and a transverse rupture strength of the electrical contact material 31 to be further enhanced.
  • a Vickers hardness can be set to be greater than or equal to 70 and a transverse rupture strength can be set to be greater than or equal to 230 MPa. This allows a wear-out amount after the short-circuit test to be more effectively reduced.
  • the graphite particles are dispersed, for example, in fibrous form.
  • the electrical contact material 31 made of a silver-graphite-tungsten carbide (Ag-Gr-WC) based material which further includes the tungsten carbide, it can be prevented that the silver comes up to a surface of the electrical contact material 31.
  • an average particle diameter of the tungsten carbide is greater than or equal to 40 nm and less than or equal to 3 ⁇ m and that a content of the tungsten carbide is greater than or equal to 2% by mass and less than or equal to 4% by mass. If an average particle diameter of the tungsten carbide is less than 40 nm, it is difficult to prepare a powder of the tungsten carbide. If an average particle diameter of the tungsten carbide exceeds 3 ⁇ m, a variation of strengths among portions of the electrical contact material 31 is caused. If portions having low strengths come to be connected, the electrical contact material 31 is selectively worn out after the short-circuit test.
  • a content of the tungsten carbide is less than 2% by mass, since it is impossible to suppress the liquation of the silver, the electrical contact material 31 becomes inferior in welding resistance performance and an effect to enhance a hardness of the electrical contact material 31 is small. If a content of the tungsten carbide exceeds 4% by mass, since electrical conductivity of the electrical contact material 31 is worsened, a heat is easily generated. Therefore, a wear-out amount resulting when the electrical contact material 31 is short-circuited is increased.
  • an average particle diameter of the tungsten carbide is greater than or equal to 40 nm and less than or equal to 150 nm.
  • an average particle diameter of the tungsten carbide is greater than or equal to 40 nm and less than or equal to 150 nm, since the tungsten carbide particles can be evenly dispersed in the silver, the liquation of the silver can be more effectively suppressed. This allows the welding after the breaking test in the short-circuit test to be prevented. In other words, the welding resistance performance of the electrical contact material 31 can be enhanced.
  • an average particle diameter of the tungsten carbide exceeds 150 nm, since a multitude of the tungsten carbide particles are present on the surface of the electrical contact material 31, a heat is easily generated. Therefore, a wear-out amount resulting when the electrical contact material 31 is short-circuited is increased.
  • an average particle diameter of the graphite is greater than or equal to 1 ⁇ m and less than or equal to 5 ⁇ m.
  • an average particle diameter of the graphite is greater than or equal to 1 ⁇ m and less than or equal to 5 ⁇ m, since the graphite can be evenly dispersed in the electrical contact material, the electrical contact material can be reinforced. This allows a hardness and a transverse rupture strength of the electrical contact material to be enhanced.
  • an average particle diameter of the graphite is less than 1 ⁇ m, fine graphite particles and tungsten carbide particles are densely crammed into interstices among the silver particles after mixing of the raw powders. Therefore, each area where a silver particle and a silver particle are in contact with each other becomes extremely small.
  • the silver serves to retain a strength of the electrical contact material 31.
  • even when a pressure is applied in a state where each area where a silver particle and a silver particle are in contact with each other is extremely small, since the silver becomes incapable of retaining the strength, it is difficult to form a compact.
  • an electrical contact material 21 on a moving side incorporated into a breaker 10 for a small current whose rated current value is approximately 1A through 60A, is made of a silver-tungsten carbide (Ag-WC) based material
  • an electrical contact material 31 on a fixed side is made of a silver-graphite (Ag-Gr) based material in which 0.5% by mass or more and 2% by mass or less of graphite is included, the remainder includes silver and an unavoidable impurity, a deflection is greater than or equal to 0.8 mm, a Vickers hardness is greater than or equal to 40, and an oxygen content is less than or equal to 100 ppm.
  • At least a deflection amount of the electrical contact material 31 is set to be relatively large, being greater than or equal to a specific value; further, a hardness of the electrical contact material at an ordinary temperature is set to be relatively large, being greater than or equal to a specific value; the oxygen content is suppressed to be less than or equal to a specific value; and the electrical contact material 31 is formed so as to be capable of enduring a mechanical shock repeated at a multitude of times, thereby allowing a wear-out amount after the overload test to be reduced.
  • the material is reinforced. This enhances the hardness and a transverse rupture strength of the material. If a content of the graphite is less than 0.5% by mass, the pinning effect cannot be obtained. If a content of the graphite exceeds 2% by mass, since the pinning effect becomes excessive, a deflection amount is decreased.
  • a deflection amount is greater than or equal to 0.8 mm. If a deflection amount is less than 0.8 mm, since toughness of the material is low, the above-mentioned repetitive loads cause cracking in the electrical contact material 31. However, for the reason of difficulty in manufacturing, it is preferable that a deflection amount is less than or equal to 2.5 mm.
  • the "difficulty in manufacturing" means that however large a deflection amount may be desired to be, 2.5 mm is the limit thereof in manufacturing.
  • a Vickers hardness is greater than or equal to 40. If a Vickers hardness is less than 40, due to an insufficiency of the hardness of the material, a contact shape cannot be maintained in the short-circuit test in which a contact load is large. In the overload test, since a contact load is small, a Vickers hardness hardly exerts an influence on the contact shape. However, because an excessively large hardness increases a contact resistance between contacts, it is preferable that a Vickers hardness is less than or equal to 100.
  • an oxygen content exceeds 100 ppm, since oxygen present in a material is gasified by a high heat of several thousand degrees generated during the short-circuit test, a part of a base material of the electrical contact material 31 is dispersed. This increases a rate at which the electrical contact material 31 is worn out.
  • an oxygen content is greater than or equal to 30 ppm.
  • the "difficultly in manufacturing” means that however small an oxygen content may be desired to be, 30 ppm is the limit thereof in manufacturing.
  • a transverse rupture strength is greater than or equal to 120 MPa. If a transverse rupture strength is less than 120 MPa, in the short-circuit test in which a contact load is large, the electrical contact material 31 is destroyed due to an insufficiency of a mechanical strength of a material. In the overload test, since a contact load is small, a transverse rupture strength hardly exerts an influence. However, for the reason of difficulty in manufacturing, it is preferable that a transverse rupture strength is less than or equal to 280 MPa.
  • the "difficulty in manufacturing" means that however large a transverse rupture strength may be desired to be, 280 MPa is the limit thereof in manufacturing.
  • an average particle diameter of the graphite is greater than or equal to 40 nm and less than or equal to 8 ⁇ m. If an average particle diameter of the graphite is less than 40 nm, since the graphite particles are excessively fine, the graphite particles are densely crammed into interstices among the silver particles. Therefore, each area where a silver particle and a silver particle are in contact with each other becomes extremely small. Originally, the silver serves to retain a strength of the electrical contact material 31.
  • the electrical contact material 31 according to the present invention made of the silver-graphite (Ag-Gr) based material, is manufactured as described below.
  • the silver powder and the graphite powder are mixed in, for example, a vacuum of 80 through 150 Pa for, for example, 30 through 60 minutes. Thereafter, a pressure of, for example, 250 through 350 MPa is applied to the mixed powder, thereby forming a compression compact.
  • This compression compact is retained in, for example, an atmosphere of a reducing gas such as hydrogen gas, which has a temperature of, for example, 850°C through 950°C, for, for example, 1 through 2 hours, thereby conducting partial sintering.
  • This partially sintered body is subjected to a coining process under a pressure of, for example, 1000 through 1200 MPa so as to allow a true density to be, for example, greater than or equal to 97%.
  • an extrusion pressure of 100 through 200 GPa is applied to the partially sintered body, thereby extruding the partially sintered body so as to have a predetermined shape.
  • the electrical contact material 31 according to the present invention which includes the tungsten carbide and is made of the silver-graphite-tungsten carbide (Ag-Gr-WC) based material, is manufactured as described below.
  • the silver powder, the graphite powder, and the tungsten carbide powder are mixed in, for example, a vacuum of 80 through 150 Pa for, for example, 30 through 60 minutes. Thereafter, a pressure of, for example, 250 through 350 MPa is applied to the mixed powder, thereby forming a compression compact.
  • This compression compact is retained in, for example, an atmosphere of a reducing gas such as hydrogen gas, which has a temperature of, for example, 850°C through 950°C, for, for example, 1 through 2 hours, thereby conducting partial sintering.
  • a reducing gas such as hydrogen gas
  • This partially sintered body is subjected to a coining process under a pressure of, for example, 1000 through 1200 MPa so as to allow a true density to be, for example, greater than or equal to 97%.
  • a pressure of, for example, 1000 through 1200 MPa so as to allow a true density to be, for example, greater than or equal to 97%.
  • an inert gas such as nitrogen gas or an atmosphere of a reducing gas such as hydrogen gas or an atmosphere in which these gases are mixed, which has a temperature of, for example, 750°C through 850°C, for, for example, 1 through 2 hours
  • an extrusion pressure of 100 through 200 GPa is applied to the partially sintered body, thereby extruding the partially sintered body so as to have a predetermined shape.
  • the extruding method As described above, to manufacture the electrical contact material 31, according to the present invention by using the silver-graphite (Ag-Gr) based or silver-graphite-tungsten carbide (Ag-Gr-WC) based material, the extruding method is adopted.
  • the electrical contact material 31 is manufactured by adopting the extruding method, an old powder grain boundary in the raw material powders is torn off, thereby reinforcing a powder grain boundary in the extruded body, which is most fragile in powder metallurgy. This allows a transverse rupture strength and a deflection of the material to be enhanced.
  • the material is densified by the extruding method, a hardness of the material can be enhanced.
  • the raw material powders are mixed in the vacuum. Since a specific gravity of the silver powder as the raw material powder is approximately 4.8 times as large as a specific gravity of the graphite powder, it is difficult to mix the silver powder and the graphite powder by evenly dispersing the silver powder and the graphite powder in the air. Therefore, since the electrical contact material 31 manufactured by using a mixed powder obtained by mixing in the air is incapable of obtaining an effect attained through reinforcement made by evenly dispersing particles, a hardness and a transverse rupture strength are reduced. In contrast to this, the electrical contact material 31 manufactured by using the mixed powder obtained by the mixing in the vacuum is capable of obtaining the effect attained through the reinforcement made by evenly dispersing the particles.
  • a density of the material upon the preheating becomes greater than or equal to 98%. Therefore, an amount of oxygen which enters the material from an inside of a heating furnace upon the preheating can be decreased.
  • an oxygen content in the finally obtained electrical contact material 31 to be controlled to be greater than or equal to 20 ppm and less than or equal to 100 ppm.
  • a density of the material is approximately 90%, an amount of the oxygen which enters the material from the inside of the heating furnace upon the preheating is increased. Therefore, since oxidation of the silver progresses, an oxygen content of the finally obtained electrical contact material 31 is increased.
  • electrical contact materials 31 of fixed sides in the following examples A1 through A9 were prepared.
  • electrical contact materials 31 of fixed sides in comparison examples A1 through A8, in each of which a content of graphite, a deflection, a Vickers hardness, and an oxygen content were out of the ranges in the present invention were prepared.
  • electrical contact materials 31 of fixed sides in the following comparison examples A11 through A16, A21 through A26, A31 through A36, and A41 through A46 were prepared.
  • each breaker for a large current, which was configured by incorporating each of these electrical contact materials 31 and whose rated current value was 100A, breaking tests in an overload test and a short-circuit test were conducted.
  • Each electrical contact material 21 on a moving side was configured by using a material in which 50% by mass of silver was included and the remainder was composed of a tungsten carbide.
  • an average particle diameter of a graphite (Gr) powder used for preparing each of the electrical contact materials 31; a content of graphite (Gr) in each of the prepared electrical contact materials 31; and a deflection, a transverse rupture strength, a hardness, an oxygen content, and a density of each of the electrical contact materials 31 are shown in below Table 1.
  • the evaluation results regarding a wear-out rate of each of the electrical contact materials 31 after the overload test and a wear-out rate of each of the electrical contact materials 31 after the short-circuit test are also shown in Table 1.
  • the underlined numerical values in Table 1 show that the underlined numerical values are out of the ranges in the present invention.
  • each of the electrical contact materials 31 of a silver-graphite (Ag-Gr) based material including graphite (Gr) whose each content is shown in Table 1 was prepared as described below.
  • a graphite (Gr) powder having an average particle diameter shown in Table 1 and a silver (Ag) powder having an average particle diameter of 3 ⁇ m were mixed in a vacuum (100Pa) for 30 minutes by using a ball mill so as to have each graphite content shown in Table 1.
  • a pressure of 300 MPa was applied to each of the obtained mixed powders by using a press, thereby forming each disc-like compression compact having a thickness of 300 mm and an external diameter of 80 mm.
  • Each of these compression compacts was retained in a hydrogen gas, which was a reducing gas atmosphere and had a temperature of 950°C, for one hour, whereby each of these compression compacts was subjected to partial sintering.
  • each of these partially sintered bodies was subjected to a coining process under a pressure of 1100 MPa so as to have a true density of greater than or equal to 97%.
  • a nitrogen gas which was an inert gas atmosphere and had a temperature of 800°C, for 2 hours
  • an extrusion pressure of 100 GPa was applied to each of the partially sintered bodies, thereby extruding each of the partially sintered bodies so as to obtain each rod-like body having a cross section of a 10 mm square.
  • Each of the obtained rod-like bodies was cut so as to have a thickness of 1 mm, thereby preparing each electrical contact material 31.
  • an electrical contact material was tried to be prepared by using a graphite powder having an average particle diameter of 10 nm and employing the above-mentioned method, the preparation failed.
  • each electrical contact material 31 of a silver-graphite (Ag-Gr) based material including graphite (Gr) whose each content is shown in Table 1 was prepared.
  • each electrical contact material 31 of a silver-graphite (Ag-Gr) based material including graphite (Gr) whose each content is shown in Table 1 was prepared.
  • each compression compact was retained in a nitrogen gas, which was a protective gas atmosphere and had a temperature of 950°C, for one hour, whereby each compression compact was subjected to partial sintering, each electrical contact material 31 of a silver-graphite (Ag-Gr) based material including graphite (Gr) whose each content is shown in Table 1 was prepared.
  • a nitrogen gas which was a protective gas atmosphere and had a temperature of 950°C, for one hour
  • each electrical contact material 31 of a silver-graphite (Ag-Gr) based material including graphite (Gr) whose each content is shown in Table 1 was prepared as described below.
  • each graphite (Gr) powder having an average particle diameter shown in Table 1 and a silver (Ag) powder having an average particle diameter of 3 ⁇ m were mixed in the air for 30 minutes by hand work so as to have each graphite content shown in Table 1.
  • a pressure of 300 MPa was applied to each of the obtained mixed powders by using a press, thereby forming each plate-like compression compact having a planar shape of a 10 mm square and a thickness of 1 mm.
  • Each of these compression compacts was retained in a vacuum which had a temperature of 900°C, for one hour, whereby each of these compression compacts was subjected to partial sintering.
  • Each of these partially sintered bodies was subjected to a coining process under a pressure of 500 MPa so as to have a true density of greater than or equal to 97%.
  • each of the electrical contact materials 31 was obtained.
  • the deflections [mm] of the prepared electrical contact materials were measured in conformity with JIS H5501.
  • Each sample for a transverse test having a size of 5 mm ⁇ 2 mm ⁇ 30 mm, was prepared by using the same material as each of the prepared electrical contact materials. By using each of these samples, each transverse rupture strength [MPa] was measured under the condition that a distance between fulcra was 15 mm and a head speed was 1 mm/min.
  • Each Vickers hardness [HV] of each of the prepared electrical contact materials was measured by using a Vickers hardness meter in conformity with JIS Z 2244.
  • a density (relative density) of each of the prepared electrical contact materials was calculated by dividing a density, which was calculated by dividing a weight of each of the electrical contact materials by a volume (a value obtained as the product by calculating the expression: a length dimension ⁇ a width dimension ⁇ a thickness dimension) of each of the electrical contact materials, by a theoretical density of each of the materials.
  • a load voltage of 220V and a breaking current of 600A were set.
  • a CO duty a test in which a breaker is set in a circuit in which a breaking current of 600A flows with a load voltage of 220V, and in a state where a switch of the breaker is off, the switch is turned on in a forced manner, thereby instantaneously breaking a current
  • a wear-out rate of each of the electrical contact materials 31 after the overload test was calculated by using the following expression.
  • a load voltage of 220V and a breaking current of 5000A were set.
  • an O duty a test in which in a state where a switch of a breaker is on, a breaking current is flowed, thereby breaking a current
  • a CO duty a test in which a breaker is set in a circuit in which a breaking current of 5000A flows with a load voltage of 220V and in a state where a switch of the breaker is off, the switch is turned on in a forced manner, thereby instantaneously breaking a current
  • electrical contact materials 31 of fixed sides in the following examples B1 through B9 were prepared.
  • electrical contact materials 31 of fixed sides in comparison examples B1 through B8, in each of which a content of graphite, a deflection, a Vickers hardness, and an oxygen content were out of the ranges in the present invention were prepared.
  • electrical contact materials 31 of fixed sides in the following comparison examples B11 through B16, B21 through B26, B31 through B36, and B41 through B46 were prepared.
  • each breaker for a small current, which was configured by incorporating each of these electrical contact materials 31 and whose rated current value was 30A, breaking tests in an overload test and a short-circuit test were conducted.
  • Each electrical contact material 21 on a moving side was configured by using a material in which 50% by mass of silver was included and the remainder was composed of a tungsten carbide.
  • an average particle diameter of a graphite (Gr) powder used for preparing each of the electrical contact materials 31; a content of graphite (Gr) in each of the prepared electrical contact materials 31; and a deflection, a transverse rupture strength, a hardness, an oxygen content, and a density of each of the electrical contact materials 31 are shown in below Table 2.
  • the evaluation results regarding a wear-out rate of each of the electrical contact materials 31 after the overload test and a wear-out rate of each of the electrical contact materials 31 after the short-circuit test are also shown in Table 2.
  • the underlined numerical values in Table 2 show that the underlined numerical values are out of the ranges in the present invention.
  • Methods of measuring a deflection, a transverse rupture strength, a e hardness, an oxygen content, and a density of each of the electrical contact materials 31 are the same as in the above-described examples A. Methods of the breaking tests of each breaker for a small current in the overload test and the short-circuit test and evaluations of the wear-out rates after these breaking tests will be described later.
  • each of the electrical contact materials 31 of a silver-graphite (Ag-Gr) based material including graphite (Gr) whose each content is shown in Table 2 was prepared as described below.
  • Each graphite (Gr) powder having an average particle diameter shown in Table 2 and a silver (Ag) powder having an average particle diameter of 3 ⁇ m were mixed in a vacuum (100Pa) for 30 minutes by using a ball mill so as to have each graphite content shown in Table 2.
  • a pressure of 300 MPa was applied to each of the obtained mixed powders by using a press, thereby forming each disc-like compression compact having a thickness of 300 mm and an external diameter of 80 mm.
  • Each of these compression compacts was retained in a hydrogen gas, which was a reducing gas atmosphere and had a temperature of 950°C, for one hour, whereby each of these compression compacts was subjected to partial sintering.
  • each of these partially sintered bodies was subjected to a coining process under a pressure of 1100 MPa so as to have a true density of greater than or equal to 97%.
  • a nitrogen gas which was an inert gas atmosphere and had a temperature of 800°C, for 2 hours
  • an extrusion pressure of 100 GPa was applied to each of the partially sintered bodies, thereby extruding each of the partially sintered bodies so as to obtain each rod-like body having a cross section of a 10 mm square.
  • Each of the obtained rod-like bodies was cut so as to have a thickness of 1 mm, thereby preparing each electrical contact material 31.
  • an electrical contact material was tried to be prepared by using a graphite powder having an average particle diameter of 10 nm and employing the above-mentioned method, the preparation failed.
  • each electrical contact material 31 of a silver-graphite (Ag-Gr) based material including graphite (Gr) whose each content is shown in Table 2 was prepared.
  • each electrical contact material 31 of a silver-graphite (Ag-Gr) based material including graphite (Gr) whose each content is shown in Table 2 was prepared.
  • each compression compact was retained in a nitrogen gas, which was a protective gas atmosphere and had a temperature of 950°C, for one hour, whereby each compression compact was subjected to partial sintering, each electrical contact material 31 of a silver-graphite (Ag-Gr) based material including graphite (Gr) whose each content is shown in Table 2 was prepared.
  • a nitrogen gas which was a protective gas atmosphere and had a temperature of 950°C, for one hour
  • each electrical contact material 31 of a silver-graphite (Ag-Gr) based material including graphite (Gr) whose each content is shown in Table 2 was prepared as described below.
  • each graphite (Gr) powder having an average particle diameter shown in Table 2 and a silver (Ag) powder having an average particle diameter of 3 ⁇ m were mixed in the air for 30 minutes by hand work so as to have each graphite content shown in Table 2.
  • a pressure of 300 MPa was applied to each of the obtained mixed powders by using a press, thereby forming each plate-like compression compact having a planar shape of a 10 mm square and a thickness of 1 mm.
  • Each of these compression compacts was retained in a vacuum which had a temperature of 900°C, for one hour, whereby each of these compression compacts was subjected to partial sintering.
  • Each of these partially sintered bodies was subjected to a coining process under a pressure of 500 MPa so as to have a true density of greater than or equal to 97%.
  • each of the electrical contact materials 31 was obtained.
  • a load voltage of 220V and a breaking current of 180A were set.
  • a CO duty a test in which a breaker is set in a circuit in which a breaking current of 180A flows with a load voltage of 220V, and in a state where a switch of the breaker is off, the switch is turned on in a forced manner, thereby instantaneously breaking a current
  • a wear-out rate of each of the electrical contact materials 31 after the overload test was calculated by using the above-mentioned (Expression 1).
  • a load voltage of 220V and a breaking current of 300A were set.
  • an O duty a test in which in a state where a switch of a breaker is on, a breaking current is flowed, thereby breaking a current
  • a CO duty a test in which a breaker is set in a circuit in which a breaking current of 300A flows with a load voltage of 220V, and in a state where a switch of the breaker is off, the switch is turned on in a forced manner, thereby instantaneously breaking a current
  • electrical contact materials 31 of fixed sides in the following examples C1 through C20 were prepared.
  • electrical contact materials 31 of fixed sides in the following comparison examples C107, C207, C307, and C407 were prepared.
  • breaking tests in an overload test and a short-circuit test were conducted.
  • Each electrical contact material 21 on a moving side was configured by using a material in which 50% by mass of silver was included and the remainder was composed of a tungsten carbide.
  • an average particle diameter of a graphite (Gr) powder used for preparing each of the electrical contact materials 31; a content of graphite (Gr) in each of the prepared electrical contact materials 31; an average particle diameter of each tungsten carbide (WC) powder; a content of a tungsten carbide (WC) in each of the prepared electrical contact materials 31; and a deflection, a transverse rupture strength, a hardness, an oxygen content, and a density of each of the electrical contact materials 31 are shown in below Table 3.
  • Methods of measuring the deflection, the transverse rupture strength, the hardness, the oxygen content, and the density of each of the electrical contact materials 31 are the same as in the above-described examples A.
  • Methods of the breaking tests in the overload test and the short-circuit test of each breaker for a large current and evaluations of the wear-out rates after these breaking tests are also the same as in the above-described examples A.
  • each of the electrical contact materials 31 of a silver-graphite-tungsten carbide (Ag-Gr-WC) based material including graphite (Gr) and a tungsten carbide (WC) whose contents are shown in Table 3 was prepared as described below.
  • Each graphite (Gr) powder and each tungsten carbide (WC) powder, having an average particle diameter shown in Table 3, and a silver (Ag) powder having an average particle diameter of 3 ⁇ m were mixed in a vacuum (100Pa) for 30 minutes by using a ball mill so as to have each graphite content and each tungsten carbide content shown in Table 3.
  • a pressure of 300 MPa was applied to each of the obtained mixed powders by using a press, thereby forming each disc-like compression compact having a thickness of 300 mm and an external diameter of 80 mm.
  • each of these compression compacts was retained in a hydrogen gas, which was a reducing gas atmosphere and had a temperature of 950°C, for one hour, whereby each of these compression compacts was subjected to partial sintering.
  • Each of these partially sintered bodies was subjected to a coining process under a pressure of 1100 MPa so as to have a true density of greater than or equal to 97%.
  • each of the partially sintered bodies subjected to the coining process was preheated by retaining each of the partially sintered bodies in a nitrogen gas, which was an inert gas atmosphere and had a temperature of 800°C, for 2 hours, an extrusion pressure of 100 GPa was applied to each of the partially sintered bodies, thereby extruding each of the partially sintered bodies so as to obtain each rod-like body having a cross section of a 10 mm square.
  • Each of the obtained rod-like bodies was cut so as to have a thickness of 1 mm, thereby preparing each electrical contact material 31.
  • Ag-Gr-WC silver-graphite-tungsten carbide
  • WC tungsten carbide
  • each electrical contact material 31 of a silver-graphite-tungsten carbide (Ag-Gr-WC) based material including graphite (Gr) and a tungsten carbide (WC), whose content and average particle diameter were the same as in example C7 as shown in Table 3 was prepared.
  • each compression compact was retained in a nitrogen gas, which was a protective gas atmosphere and had a temperature of 950°C, for one hour, whereby each compression compact was subjected to partial sintering, each electrical contact material 31 of a silver-graphite-tungsten carbide (Ag-Gr-WC) based material including graphite (Gr) and a tungsten carbide (WC), whose content and average particle diameter were the same as in example C7 as shown in Table 3 was prepared.
  • Ag-Gr-WC silver-graphite-tungsten carbide
  • WC tungsten carbide
  • an electrical contact material 31 of a silver-graphite-tungsten carbide (Ag-Gr-WC) based material including graphite (Gr) and a tungsten carbide (WC) whose contents are shown in Table 3 was prepared as described below.
  • a graphite (Gr) powder and a tungsten carbide (WC) powder, having an average particle diameter shown in Table 3, and a silver (Ag) powder having an average particle diameter of 3 ⁇ m were mixed in the air for 30 minutes by hand work so as to have a graphite content and a tungsten carbide content shown in Table 3.
  • a pressure of 300 MPa was applied to the obtained mixed powder by using a press, thereby forming a plate-like compression compact having a planar shape of a 10 mm square and a thickness of 1 mm.
  • the compression compact was retained in a vacuum which had a temperature of 900°C, for one hour, whereby the compression compact was subjected to partial sintering.
  • the partially sintered body was subjected to a coining process under a pressure of 500 MPa so as to have a true density of greater than or equal to 97%.
  • the electrical contact material 31 was obtained.
  • electrical contact materials 31 of fixed sides in the following examples D1 through D9 were prepared.
  • electrical contact materials 31 of fixed sides in comparison examples D1 through D4 in each of which an average particle diameter of a tungsten carbide powder and a content of a tungsten carbide were out of the preferable ranges in the present invention, were prepared.
  • each breaker for a large current which was configured by incorporating each of these electrical contact materials 31 and whose rated current value was 100A, a welding test was conducted.
  • Each electrical contact material 21 on a moving side was configured by using a material in which 50% by mass of silver was included and the remainder was composed of a tungsten carbide.
  • an average particle diameter of a graphite (Gr) powder used for preparing each of the electrical contact materials 31; a content of graphite (Gr) in each of the prepared electrical contact materials 31; an average particle diameter of each tungsten carbide (WC) powder; and a content of a tungsten carbide (WC) in each of the prepared electrical contact materials 31 are shown in below Table 4.
  • the evaluation results regarding the welding test are also shown in Table 4.
  • the underlined numerical values in Table 4 show that the underlined numerical values are out of the preferable ranges in the present invention.
  • each of the electrical contact materials 31 of a silver-graphite-tungsten carbide (Ag-Gr-WC) based material including graphite (Gr) and a tungsten carbide (WC) whose contents are shown in Table 4 was prepared as described below.
  • Each graphite (Gr) powder and each tungsten carbide (WC) powder, having an average particle diameter shown in Table 4, and a silver (Ag) powder having an average particle diameter of 3 ⁇ m were mixed in a vacuum (100Pa) for 30 minutes by using a ball mill so as to have each graphite content and each tungsten carbide content shown in Table 4.
  • a pressure of 300 MPa was applied to each of the obtained mixed powders by using a press, thereby forming each disc-like compression compact having a thickness of 300 mm and an external diameter of 80 mm.
  • each of these compression compacts was retained in a hydrogen gas, which was a reducing gas atmosphere and had a temperature of 950°C, for one hour, whereby each of these compression compacts was subjected to partial sintering.
  • Each of these partially sintered bodies was subjected to a coining process under a pressure of 1100 MPa so as to have a true density of greater than or equal to 97%.
  • each of the partially sintered bodies subjected to the coining process was preheated by retaining each of the partially sintered bodies in a nitrogen gas, which was an inert gas atmosphere and had a temperature of 800°C, for 2 hours, an extrusion pressure of 100 GPa was applied to each of the partially sintered bodies, thereby extruding each of the partially sintered bodies so as to obtain each rod-like body having a cross section of a 10 mm square.
  • Each of the obtained rod-like bodies was cut so as to have a thickness of 1 mm, thereby preparing each electrical contact material 31.
  • the electrical contact material was formed by using the silver-graphite-tungsten carbide based material whose average particle diameter of the tungsten carbide was greater than or equal to 40 nm and less than or equal to 150 nm and content of the tungsten carbide was greater than or equal to 2% by mass and less than or equal to 4% by mass, thereby allowing the welding after the breaking test in the short-circuit test to be prevented.
  • each of the electrical contact materials 31 according to the present invention is applied to the fixed-side contact member 30 of the breaker 10 is described.
  • the present invention is not limited to this example, and each of the electrical contact materials according to the present invention may be used for either the moving-side contact member 20 or the fixed-side contact member 30 of the breaker 10.
  • each of the electrical contact materials 31 according to the present invention is used for the breaker 10 as one example of a switch.
  • the present invention is not limited to this example, and each of the electrical contact materials according to the present invention may be used for, for example, a switch (switching device), such as an electromagnetic switch, other than the breaker.
  • An electrical contact material according to the present invention is used by being incorporated into a breaker for a large current, whose rated current value is 100 through 3200A, or a breaker for a small current, whose rated current value is 1 through 60A.
EP10755584.9A 2009-03-24 2010-03-03 Matériau pour contact électrique Withdrawn EP2413337A4 (fr)

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JP2009071526 2009-03-24
PCT/JP2010/001444 WO2010109777A1 (fr) 2009-03-24 2010-03-03 Matériau pour contact électrique

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EP2413337A4 EP2413337A4 (fr) 2014-08-20

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EP2586883A1 (fr) * 2010-06-22 2013-05-01 A.L.M.T. Corp. Matériau de contact électrique
RU176664U1 (ru) * 2017-07-10 2018-01-25 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Информационные технологии" (ООО "ИнфоТех") Композитный электрический контакт
EP4328933A1 (fr) * 2022-08-26 2024-02-28 TE Connectivity Solutions GmbH Revêtement sur une surface pour transmettre un courant électrique

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CN109243872A (zh) * 2018-09-21 2019-01-18 靖江市海源有色金属材料有限公司 一种银石墨基电触头及其制备方法
RU198536U1 (ru) * 2019-11-01 2020-07-15 Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Инновационные Технологии На Железнодорожном Транспорте" (Ооо "Итжт") Контакт-деталь низковольтного электромагнитного реле
KR102356988B1 (ko) * 2021-07-08 2022-02-08 주식회사 유승 전자부품 측정 소자용 분산 경화형 은계 복합재료 및 분말야금법에 의한 그의 제조방법

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EP2586883A1 (fr) * 2010-06-22 2013-05-01 A.L.M.T. Corp. Matériau de contact électrique
EP2586883A4 (fr) * 2010-06-22 2014-03-12 Almt Corp Matériau de contact électrique
RU176664U1 (ru) * 2017-07-10 2018-01-25 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Информационные технологии" (ООО "ИнфоТех") Композитный электрический контакт
EP4328933A1 (fr) * 2022-08-26 2024-02-28 TE Connectivity Solutions GmbH Revêtement sur une surface pour transmettre un courant électrique
EP4328934A1 (fr) * 2022-08-26 2024-02-28 TE Connectivity Solutions GmbH Revêtement sur une surface pour transmettre un courant électrique

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CN103794385B (zh) 2016-03-30
CN102362326B (zh) 2015-03-25
CN103794385A (zh) 2014-05-14
WO2010109777A1 (fr) 2010-09-30
CN102362326A (zh) 2012-02-22
JPWO2010109777A1 (ja) 2012-09-27
EP2413337A4 (fr) 2014-08-20

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