EP2587507B1 - Matériau pour contact électrique - Google Patents

Matériau pour contact électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2587507B1
EP2587507B1 EP11797992.2A EP11797992A EP2587507B1 EP 2587507 B1 EP2587507 B1 EP 2587507B1 EP 11797992 A EP11797992 A EP 11797992A EP 2587507 B1 EP2587507 B1 EP 2587507B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrical contact
contact material
less
mass
tungsten carbide
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EP11797992.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2587507A4 (fr
EP2587507A1 (fr
Inventor
Takashi Hatakeyama
Noboru Uenishi
Norihito Goma
Yasuhiko Suzuki
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ALMT Corp
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ALMT Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/021—Composite material
    • H01H1/027—Composite material containing carbon particles or fibres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
    • C22C32/0052—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
    • C22C5/06—Alloys based on silver
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/021—Composite material

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to electrical contact materials and more particularly, to an electrical contact material formed of a silver-tungsten carbide-graphite (Ag-WC-Gr) based material and used for an interrupter switch (breaker) or the like.
  • Ag-WC-Gr silver-tungsten carbide-graphite
  • an electrical contact material formed of a silver-tungsten carbide based material including a given quantity or more of tungsten carbide as a heat-resistant non-oxide is commonly used in a breaker or the like whose rated current value is 200A or more.
  • graphite is added in order to suppress a temperature rise by preventing the tungsten carbide from being oxidized under a high heat condition upon breaking (temperature performance) and to enhance welding resistance.
  • Patent Literature 1 discloses an electrical contact material which includes: 5% through 70% by weight of a carbide, such as a tungsten carbide, of IVa, Va, or VIa group metal in an element periodic table; 1% through 11% by weight of graphite; 5% through 60% by weight of iron group metal; and 0.1% through 30% by weight of a nitride of IVa, Va, VIa, or VIIa group metal, the remainder consisting of silver, with the carbide and the nitride dispersed in the iron group metal and the silver.
  • a carbide such as a tungsten carbide, of IVa, Va, or VIa group metal in an element periodic table
  • 1% through 11% by weight of graphite 5% through 60% by weight of iron group metal
  • 0.1% through 30% by weight of a nitride of IVa, Va, VIa, or VIIa group metal the remainder consisting of silver, with the carbide and the nitride dispersed in the iron group metal and the silver.
  • Patent Literature 2 discloses an electrical contact material which includes: 5% through 70% by weight of a carbide, such as a tungsten carbide, of IVa, Va, or VIa group metal in an element periodic table; 1% through 11% by weight of graphite; 5% through 60% by weight of iron group metal; and 0.1% through 5% by weight of IVa, Va, VIa, or VIIa group metal, the remainder consisting of silver, with the carbide and the IVa, Va, VIa, or VIIa group metal dissolved in a solid state or dispersed in the iron group metal and the silver.
  • a carbide such as a tungsten carbide, of IVa, Va, or VIa group metal in an element periodic table
  • 1% through 11% by weight of graphite 5% through 60% by weight of iron group metal
  • 0.1% through 5% by weight of IVa, Va, VIa, or VIIa group metal the remainder consisting of silver, with the carbide and the IVa, Va, VIa, or VIIa group metal dissolved in a solid
  • the above-mentioned electrical contact material is manufactured by employing a powder metallurgy method, instead of a melting method.
  • a powder metallurgy method a starting material powder is subjected to compression molding, thereby preparing a compact, and this compact is sintered.
  • interstices pores
  • the obtained electrical contact material has a low relative density and is not densified, an electrical conductivity becomes low. In a breaker configured by using this electrical contact material, this causes heat generated at a contact upon breaking to be increased. Accordingly, there arises a problem in that the obtained electrical contact material is inferior in welding resistance, wear-out resistance, and temperature performance.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide an electrical contact material excellent in welding resistance, wear-out resistance, and temperature performance.
  • An electrical contact material according to the present invention includes 10% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less of tungsten carbide and 2% by mass or more and 5% by mass or less of graphite, the remainder including silver and an unavoidable impurity, the electrical contact material: having a relative density of 98.0% or more; an oxygen content of 350 ppm or less; an electrical conductivity of 60% IACS or more; and a transverse rupture strength of 330 MPa or more.
  • an average particle diameter of the tungsten carbide is 0.2 ⁇ m or more and 5 ⁇ m or less.
  • an average particle diameter of the graphite is 1 ⁇ m or more and 50 ⁇ m or less.
  • a relative density is 98.0% or more, an oxygen content is 350 ppm or less, an electrical conductivity is 60% IACS or more, and a transverse rupture strength is 330 MPa or more, an electrical contact material excellent in welding resistance, wear-out resistance, and temperature performance can be provided.
  • a breaker 10 includes: a fixed-side contact member 30; and a moving-side contact member 20 arranged so as to be repeatedly movable to be capable of contacting the fixed-side contact member 30 and of separating from the fixed-side contact member 30.
  • a junction body of an electrical contact material 31 and a metal base 32 constitutes the fixed-side contact member 30.
  • a junction body of an electrical contact material 21 and a metal base 22 constitutes the moving-side contact member 20.
  • An electrical contact material 31 according to the embodiment of the present invention is used in one part of the fixed-side contact member 30 of the breaker 10.
  • the electrical contact material 31 shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 is one example of the "electrical contact material" according to the present invention.
  • the electrical contact material 31 and the metal base 32 are joined to each other via a brazing filler metal 4, with an upper surface of a junction part 32a being a joint surface, the junction part 32a integrally formed on a side of the metal base 32.
  • the electrical contact material 21 and the metal base 22 are joined to each other via a brazing filler metal 4, with an upper surface of a junction part being a joint surface, the junction part integrally formed on a side of the metal base 22.
  • the moving-side contact member 20 and the fixed-side contact member 30 are configured as described above. Therefore, in a case where a current exceeding a permissible current value of the breaker 10 flows for a predetermined period of time, a built-in contact tripping device (not shown) operates, thereby shifting a state of the breaker 10 from a state where the electrical contact material 21 of the moving-side contact member 20 is in contact with the electrical contact material 31 of the fixed-side contact member 30 as shown in Fig. 1 (closed state) to a state where the electrical contact material 21 of the moving-side contact member 20 is instantaneously pulled apart from the electrical contact material 31 of the fixed-side contact member 30 in a direction indicated by an arrow Q as shown in Fig. 2 and thereby breaking the current.
  • the breaker 10 is configured. As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 , in the fixed-side contact member 30, a side of an end portion of the metal base 32, where the electrical contact material 31 is not provided, is connected to a primary side (power source side) terminal of the breaker 10, and in the moving-side contact member 20, an end portion of the metal base 22, where the electrical contact material 21 is not provided, is connected to a secondary side (load side) terminal of the breaker 10.
  • the electrical contact material 21 on the moving side, incorporated into the breaker 10, is formed of a silver-tungsten carbide (Ag-WC) based material
  • the electrical contact material 31 on the fixed side as the electrical contact material according to the present invention is formed of a silver-tungsten carbide-graphite (Ag-WC-Gr) based material and includes: 10% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less of tungsten carbide (WC); and 2% by mass or more and 5% by mass or less of graphite (Gr), the remainder including silver (Ag) and an unavoidable impurity, and a relative density is 98.0% or more, an oxygen content is 350 ppm or less, an electrical conductivity is 60% IACS or more, and a transverse rupture strength is 330 MPa or more.
  • the electrical contact material according to the present invention first, 10% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less of the tungsten carbide as the heat-resistant non-oxide which is a refractory is included, thereby obtaining an advantage in that arc resistance, welding resistance, and wear-out resistance can be enhanced so as to achieve a given level or more. If a content of the tungsten carbide is less than 10% by mass, because not only the above-mentioned advantage cannot be obtained, but also elution of the silver cannot be suppressed, it is likely that the welding resistance is reduced. If the content of the tungsten carbide exceeds 30% by mass, because the electrical conductivity is reduced, the material does not function as a contact for a breaker, a magnetic switch, or the like. Specifically, if the content of the tungsten carbide exceeds 30% by mass, it is likely that the electrical conductivity is less than 60% IACS. It is preferable that the content of the tungsten carbide is 10% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less.
  • the electrical contact material according to the present invention 2% by mass or more and 5% by mass or less of the graphite is included, thereby obtaining advantages in that the tungsten carbide as the heat-resistant non-oxide is prevented from being oxidized under a high heat condition upon breaking and the welding resistance is enhanced. If a content of the graphite is less than 2% by mass, the above-mentioned advantages cannot be obtained. If the content of the graphite exceeds 5% by mass, compacting of the material is impossible. It is preferable that the content of the graphite is 2% by mass or more and 4% by mass or less.
  • the remainder includes: the silver and the unavoidable impurity, and in order to ensure the electrical conductivity of the contact, it is preferable that 65% by mass or more and 88% by mass or less of the silver is included. If a content of the silver is less than 65% by mass, the electrical conductivity is reduced, and the material is not suited to an electrical contact material for a breaker, a magnetic switch, or the like. If the content of the silver exceeds 88% by mass, because the content of the tungsten carbide as the heat-resistant non-oxide which is the refractory becomes small, it is made impossible to enhance the arc resistance, the welding resistance, and the wear-out resistance so as to achieve a given level or more. It is preferable that the content of the silver is 70% by mass or more and 85% by mass or less.
  • the electrical contact material as the remainder, 0% by mass or more and 3% by mass or less of at least one kind of an element or a carbide selected from the group consisting of iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), copper (Cu), tantalum (Ta), vanadium (V), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), and tin (Sn) and carbides of these elements may be included. If a content of the above-mentioned element or carbide exceeds 3% by mass, it is likely that the electrical conductivity is less than 60% IACS. It is preferable that the content of the above-mentioned element or carbide is 1% by mass or less.
  • the relative density is 98.0% or more, thereby allowing excellent welding resistance and wear-out resistance to be obtained. If the relative density is less than 98.0%, because it is likely that the electrical conductivity is less than 60% IACS, the electrical contact material is inferior in the welding resistance and the wear-out resistance. It is preferable that the relative density is 99.0% or more and 100% or less.
  • the oxygen content is 350 ppm or less, thereby excellent wear-out resistance to be obtained. If the oxygen content exceeds 350 ppm, oxygen remaining in the electrical contact material is abruptly released upon breaking, whereby it is likely that wear-out of a contact becomes large. Specifically, if the oxygen content exceeds 350 ppm, since oxygen present in the material is gasified by a high heat of several thousand degrees generated during a short-circuit test, a part of a base material of the electrical contact material is dispersed. This increases a rate at which the electrical contact material is worn out. It is preferable that the oxygen content is 280 ppm or less.
  • the oxygen content is 80 ppm or more.
  • the "difficulty in manufacturing” means that however small an oxygen content may be desired to be, 80 ppm is the limit thereof in manufacturing.
  • the electrical conductivity is 60% IACS or more, thereby allowing excellent welding resistance, wear-out resistance, and temperature performance to be obtained. If the electrical conductivity is less than 60% IACS, the welding resistance, the wear-out resistance, and the temperature performance become worse. However, for the reason of difficulty in manufacturing, it is preferable that the electrical conductivity is 75% IACS or less.
  • the "difficulty in manufacturing" means that however large the electrical conductivity may be desired to be, 75% IACS is the limit thereof in manufacturing.
  • the transverse rupture strength is 330 MPa or more. If the transverse rupture strength is less than 330 MPa, in the short-circuit test in which a contact load is large, the electrical contact material is destroyed due to an insufficiency of a mechanical strength of the material. It is preferable that the transverse rupture strength is 350 MPa or more. In the overload test, since a contact load is small, the transverse rupture strength hardly exerts an influence. However, for the reason of difficulty in manufacturing, it is preferable that the transverse rupture strength is less than or equal to 450 MPa.
  • the "difficulty in manufacturing" means that however large the transverse rupture strength may be desired to be, 450 MPa is the limit thereof in manufacturing.
  • an average particle diameter of the tungsten carbide is 0.2 ⁇ m or more and 5 ⁇ m or less. If the average particle diameter of the tungsten carbide is less than 0.2 ⁇ m, compacting of the material is impossible. If the average particle diameter of the tungsten carbide exceeds 5 ⁇ m, a variation of strengths among portions of the electrical contact material is caused. If portions having low strengths come to be connected, the electrical contact material is selectively worn out after the short-circuit test. As a result, it is likely that the arc resistance, the welding resistance, and the wear-out resistance become worse.
  • an average particle diameter of the graphite is 1 ⁇ m or more and 50 ⁇ m or less. If the average particle diameter of the graphite is less than 1 ⁇ m, compacting of the material is impossible. In addition, if the average particle diameter of the graphite exceeds 50 ⁇ m, a variation of strengths among portions of the electrical contact material is caused. If portions having low strengths come to be connected, the electrical contact material is selectively worn out after the short-circuit test. As a result, it is likely that the arc resistance, the welding resistance, and the wear-out resistance become worse.
  • the electrical contact material formed of the silver-tungsten carbide-graphite (Ag-WC-Gr) based material according to the present invention is manufactured as described below.
  • An average particle diameter of the prepared silver (Ag) powder is 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less, an average particle diameter of the prepared tungsten carbide (WC) powder is 0.2 ⁇ m or more and 5 ⁇ m or less, and an average particle diameter of the prepared graphite (Gr) powder is 1 ⁇ m or more and 50 ⁇ m or less. If the average particle diameter of each of the powders is less than each of the respective lower limits, flocculation of the powders becomes intense and the particles of the powders cannot be evenly dispersed, whereby an area of the silver eluted onto a surface of the electrical contact material becomes large. As a result, it is likely that welding performance of the electrical contact material becomes worse.
  • the average particle diameter of each of the powders exceeds each of the respective upper limits, in each of the powders, distances among particles become large and the particles thereof cannot be finely dispersed, whereby an area of the silver eluted onto a surface of the electrical contact material becomes large. As a result, it is likely that welding performance of the electrical contact material becomes worse.
  • the average particle diameter of the silver (Ag) powder is 1 ⁇ m or more and 5 ⁇ m or less
  • the average particle diameter of the tungsten carbide (WC) powder is 0.4 ⁇ m or more and 3 ⁇ m or less
  • the average particle diameter of the graphite (Gr) powder is 3 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less.
  • a purity of each of the silver (Ag) powder, the tungsten carbide (WC) powder, and the graphite (Gr) powder is 99.5% or more. If the purity of each of the powders is less than 99.5%, impurities, such as oxygen (O) and carbon (C), present in grain boundaries of the powders are increased, whereby it is likely that an electrical conductivity of the electrical contact material is reduced.
  • the silver powder, the tungsten carbide powder, and the graphite powder are mixed in, for example, a dry-type ball mill in a vacuum of 80 Pa or more and 150 Pa or less for, for example, 30 minutes or more and 60 minutes or less.
  • the raw material powders are mixed in the vacuum in the above-mentioned manner, thereby allowing the fine raw material powders to be evenly mixed and the particles to be evenly dispersed. This allows a mechanical strength such as a transverse rupture strength of the electrical contact material to be increased and resistance to the short-circuit test, in which a contact load is large, to be enhanced.
  • the pressure of the atmosphere in which the mixing is conducted is less than 80 Pa, it is likely that a cost of producing a high vacuum is increased. If the pressure of the atmosphere in which the mixing is conducted exceeds 150 Pa, a degree of the vacuum becomes insufficient, whereby it is likely that the particles of each of the raw material powders having large differences in specific gravities cannot be evenly dispersed. If the mixing time is less than 30 minutes, the mixing becomes insufficient, whereby it is likely that the particles of each of the raw material powders cannot be evenly dispersed. If the mixing time exceeds 60 minutes, it is likely that productivity becomes worse.
  • a pressure of, for example, 250 MPa or more and 350 MPa or less is applied to the mixed powder, thereby forming a compression compact.
  • This step is conducted in order to allow an electrical contact material having a higher relative density to be obtained by conducting a coining step and an extrusion step which are the subsequent steps.
  • the press pressure is less than 250 MPa, a deformation amount in the coining step becomes large, whereby it is likely that pressurization which allows the relative density to be 93% or more cannot be conducted by the coining step conducted once.
  • the press pressure exceeds 350 MPa, the relative density of the pressed body exceeds 85%, thereby making interstices in the pressed body small. As a result, it is likely that, in the sintering step which is the subsequent step, reduction of an inside of the material becomes insufficient, whereby oxygen remains.
  • the obtained compression compact is retained in, for example, a reducing gas atmosphere such as a hydrogen gas having, for example, a temperature of 850°C or more and 950°C or less for, for example, 1 hour or more and 2 hours or less, thereby conducing sintering.
  • a reducing gas atmosphere such as a hydrogen gas having, for example, a temperature of 850°C or more and 950°C or less for, for example, 1 hour or more and 2 hours or less, thereby conducing sintering.
  • the compression compact is subjected to the sintering in the reducing gas atmosphere in the above-mentioned manner, thereby allowing a quantity of oxygen as an impurity adsorbed to the inside of the electrical contact material to be reduced. If the sintering temperature is less than 850°C, the sintering cannot be completed.
  • the sintering temperature exceeds 950°C, this sintering temperature exceeds a melting point of the silver, whereby it is likely that the material is foamed. If the sintering time is less than 1 hour, the sintering cannot be completed. If the sintering time exceeds 2 hours, it is likely that productivity becomes worse.
  • the obtained sintered body is subjected to a coining process under a pressure of, for example, 1000 MPa or more and 1200 MPa or less so as to allow a relative density to be 93% or more and 99% or less.
  • This step is conducted in order to allow an electrical contact material having a higher relative density to be obtained by conducting the extrusion step which is the subsequent step.
  • this step is conducted in order to reduce a quantity of oxygen as an impurity entering an inside of the material upon preheating at the extrusion step. If the coining pressure is less than 1000 MPa, it is likely that a relative density of the material is approximately 90%. If the coining pressure exceeds 1200 MPa, it is likely that durability of a mold to be used becomes worse.
  • the relative density after the coining step is less than 93%, it is likely that a quantity of the oxygen as the impurity entering the inside of the material upon the preheating at the extrusion step is increased. If the relative density after the coining step exceeds 99%, it is likely that even if a further pressure is applied, a relative density is not enhanced due to spring-back and productivity becomes worse.
  • the sintered body subjected to the coining process is preheated by retaining in, for example, an atmosphere of a reducing gas such as a hydrogen gas or an atmosphere of an inert gas such as a nitrogen gas, having, for example, a temperature of 750°C or more and 850°C or less, for, for example, 1 hour or more and 2 hours or less, and thereafter, an extrusion pressure of 150 GPa or more and 250 Gpa or less is applied to the sintered body, thereby extruding the sintered body so as to have a predetermined shape.
  • a reducing gas such as a hydrogen gas
  • an inert gas such as a nitrogen gas
  • the electrical contact material formed of the silver-tungsten carbide-graphite (Ag-WC-Gr) based material according to the present invention is manufactured.
  • the sintered body subjected to the coining process is extruded as described above, thereby allowing the relative density to be enhanced, causing the old powder grain boundaries to be elongated and silver particles having a high purity to contact one another, and making an influence of the old powder grain boundaries in the raw material powder extremely small.
  • the electrical conductivity and the transverse rupture strength of the electrical contact material are enhanced.
  • the preheating temperature is less than 750°C, deformation resistance of the extruded material is increased, whereby it is likely that the material cannot be extruded. If the preheating temperature exceeds 850°C, the temperature upon the extrusion exceeds a melting point of the silver, whereby it is likely that a surface of the extruded material is foamed. If the preheating time is less than 1 hour, since the heating causing the heat to reach the inside of the material is not conducted, the deformation resistance is increased, whereby it is likely that the material cannot be extruded. If the preheating time exceeds 2 hours, the material is sufficiently and evenly heated, whereby it is likely that productivity becomes worse.
  • the extrusion pressure is less than 150 GPa, it is likely that a relative density of the extruded material is reduced. If the extrusion pressure exceeds 250 GPa, it is likely that an extrusion die is broken.
  • the sintered body is repressurized, thereby enhancing the relative density.
  • the impurities such as the oxygen and the carbon remain in the concentrated manner. These remaining impurities causes a problem in that the electrical conductivity and the transverse rupture strength of the material are reduced.
  • the sintered body is repressurized, it is required to restrain an outer circumferential direction of the sintered body without interstices. Therefore, it is required to individually set a sintered body in a mold to be pressurized. As a result, there arises a problem in that a production cost is increased.
  • the extrusion method is adopted. Therefore, the electrical contact material having the relative density of 98% or more can be manufactured by employing the method of high mass production performance. As a result, the production cost can be reduced.
  • the electrical contact material according to the present invention a high electrical conductivity in the material including 10% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less of the tungsten carbide which is the refractory can be obtained. Since this allows heat generation upon breaking to be reduced, the welding resistance, the wear-out resistance, and the temperature performance can be enhanced. In addition, since the transverse rupture strength of the electrical contact material according to the present invention is high, as compared with the conventional electrical contact material, destruction of the contact in the short-circuit test in which a contact load is large can be reduced.
  • electrical contact materials 31 of fixed sides in the following examples 1 through 15 were prepared.
  • the electrical contact materials 31 of fixed sides according to the following comparison examples 1 through 4 were prepared.
  • an average particle diameter of a graphite (Gr) powder used for preparing each of the electrical contact materials 31; a content of graphite (Gr) in each of the prepared electrical contact materials 31; an average particle diameter of the tungsten carbide (WC) powder; a content of the tungsten carbide (WC) in each of the prepared electrical contact material 31; and a relative density, an oxygen content, an electrical conductivity, and a transverse rupture strength of each of the electrical contact materials 31 are shown in below Table 1.
  • each of the electrical contact materials 31 formed of the silver-tungsten carbide-graphite (Ag-WC-Gr) based material including the graphite (Gr) and the tungsten carbide (WC) whose contents are shown in Table 1 was prepared as described below.
  • a graphite (Gr) powder and a tungsten carbide (WC) powder each having an average particle diameter shown in Table 1 and a silver (Ag) powder having an average particle diameter of 3 ⁇ m were mixed in a vacuum (100 Pa) for 45 minutes by using a dry-type ball mill so as to have a Gr content and a WC content shown in Table 1.
  • a pressure of 300 MPa was applied to each of the obtained mixed powders by using a press, thereby forming each disc-like compression compact having a thickness of 300 mm and an external diameter of 80 mm.
  • Each of these compression compacts was retained in a hydrogen gas, which was a reducing gas atmosphere and had a temperature of 900°C, for 1.5 hours, whereby each of these compression compacts was subjected to sintering.
  • Each of these sintered bodies was subjected to a coining process under a pressure of 1100 MPa so as to have a true density of 97% or more.
  • Each of the sintered bodies subjected to the coining process was preheated by retaining each of the sintered bodies in a hydrogen gas, which was a reducing gas atmosphere and had a temperature of 800°C, for 1.5 hours, and thereafter, an extrusion pressure of 200 GPa was applied to each of the sintered bodies, thereby extruding each of the sintered bodies so as to obtain each rod-like body having a cross section of a 10 mm square.
  • Each of the obtained rod-like bodies was cut so as to have a thickness of 1 mm, thereby preparing each electrical contact material 31.
  • an electrical contact material 31 of a silver-tungsten carbide-graphite (Ag-WC-Gr) based material including a graphite (Gr) and a tungsten carbide (WC) whose contents are shown in Table 1 was prepared as described below.
  • the graphite (Gr) powder and the tungsten carbide (WC) powder each having an average particle diameter shown in Table 1 and a silver (Ag) powder having an average particle diameter of 3 ⁇ m were mixed in the air for 30 minutes by hand work so as to have a Gr content and a WC content shown in Table 1.
  • a pressure of 300 MPa was applied to the obtained mixed powder by using a press, thereby forming a plate-like compression compact having a planar shape of a 10 mm square and a thickness of 1 mm.
  • This compression compact was retained in a vacuum which had a temperature of 900°C, for 1 hour, whereby this compression compact was subjected to sintering.
  • This sintered body was subjected to a coining process under a pressure of 500 MPa so as to have a true density of 97% or more.
  • the electrical contact material 31 was obtained.
  • an electrical contact material 31 of a silver-tungsten carbide-graphite (Ag-WC-Gr) based material including a graphite (Gr) and a tungsten carbide (WC) having the same average particle diameters and contents as those of example 1 as shown in Table 1 was prepared.
  • an electrical contact material 31 of a silver-tungsten carbide-graphite (Ag-WC-Gr) based material including a graphite (Gr) and a tungsten carbide (WC) having the same average particle diameters and contents as those of example 1 as shown in Table 1 was prepared.
  • a relative density [%] of each of the prepared electrical contact materials was calculated by dividing a density, which was calculated by dividing a weight of each of the electrical contact materials by a volume (a value obtained as the product by calculating the expression: a length dimension ⁇ a width dimension ⁇ a thickness dimension) of each of the electrical contact materials, by a theoretical density of each of the materials.
  • an electrical conductivity [% IACS] was measured by means of SIGMATESTER (manufactured by FOERSTER INSTRUMENTS, model: SIGMATEST D).
  • Each sample for a transverse test having a size of 5 mm ⁇ 2 mm ⁇ 30 mm, was prepared by using the same material as each of the prepared electrical contact materials. By using each of these samples, each transverse rupture strength [MPa] was measured under the condition that a distance between fulcra was 15 mm and a head speed was 1 mm/min.
  • a load voltage of 220V and a breaking current of 600A were set.
  • a CO duty a test in which a breaker is set in a circuit in which a breaking current of 600A flows with a load voltage of 220V, and in a state where a switch of the breaker is off, the switch is turned on in a forced manner, thereby instantaneously breaking a current
  • a wear-out rate of each of the electrical contact materials 31 after the overload test was calculated by using the following expression.
  • a load voltage of 220V and a breaking current of 5000A were set.
  • an O duty (a test in which in a state where a switch of a breaker is on, a breaking current is flowed, thereby breaking a current)
  • a CO duty (a test in which a breaker is set in a circuit in which a breaking current of 5000A flows with a load voltage of 220V, and in a state where a switch of the breaker is off, the switch is turned on in a forced manner, thereby instantaneously breaking a current) were performed in the following procedure.
  • a rated current was applied after the overload test and after the breaking test, and when a temperature became stable, a temperature of a terminal of a breaker was measured.
  • Table 1 “ ⁇ ” shows that a temperature rise was less than 75K, “o” shows that the temperature rise was 75K or more and less than 80K, and “ ⁇ ” shows that the temperature rise was 80K or more.
  • each of the electrical contact materials 31 was configured such that 10% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less of the tungsten carbide and 2% by mass or more and 5% by mass or less of the graphite were included, the remainder including the silver and unavoidable impurity, the relative density was 98.0% or more, the oxygen content is 350 ppm or less, the electrical conductivity was 60% IACS or more, and the transverse rupture strength was 330 MPa or more, thereby allowing not only the wear-out rate after the overload test but also the wear-out amount after the short-circuit test to be reduced, the welding after the breaking test by the short-circuit test to be prevented, and further, the temperature rise after the overload test and after the breaking test to be suppressed.
  • each of the electrical contact materials 31 according to the present invention is applied to the fixed-side contact member 30 of the breaker 10 .
  • the present invention is not limited to this example, and each of the electrical contact materials according to the present invention may be used for either the moving-side contact member 20 or the fixed-side contact member 30 of the breaker 10. It is preferable that the electrical contact material according to the present invention is incorporated into a breaker 10 whose rated current value is approximately 1A through 250A, and it is more preferable that the electrical contact material according to the present invention is incorporated into a breaker 10 whose rated current value is 1A or more and less than 100A.
  • the electrical contact material 31 according to the present invention is used for the breaker 10 as one example of a switch.
  • the present invention is not limited to this example, and the electrical contact material according to the present invention may be used for, for example, a switch (switching device), such as an electromagnetic switch, other than the breaker.
  • An electrical contact material according to the present invention is used by being incorporated into a breaker whose rated current value is 1A through 250A.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Contacts (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Claims (4)

  1. Matériau de contact électrique (31) comportant 10 % en masse ou plus et 30 % en masse ou moins de carbure de tungstène et 2 % en masse ou plus et 5 % en masse ou moins de graphite, le reste comportant de l'argent et une impureté inévitable, le matériau de contact électrique (31) : ayant une conductivité électrique de 60 % IACS ou plus ; caractérisé en ce que le matériau de contact électrique a une densité relative de 98,0 % ou plus ; une teneur en oxygène de 350 ppm ou moins ; et une résistance à la rupture transversale de 330 MPa ou plus.
  2. Matériau de contact électrique (31) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel un diamètre moyen de particules du carbure de tungstène est supérieur ou égal à 0,2 µm et inférieur ou égal à 5 µm.
  3. Matériau de contact électrique (31) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel un diamètre moyen de particules du graphite est supérieur ou égal à 1 µm et inférieur ou égal à 50 µm.
  4. Procédé de fabrication du matériau de contact électrique (31) selon la revendication 1, comprenant les étapes consistant :
    à obtenir une poudre mixte en mélangeant une poudre d'argent, une poudre de carbure de tungstène, et une poudre de graphite sous vide ;
    à former un produit compact de compression en appliquant une pression à la poudre mixte ;
    à obtenir un corps fritté par frittage du produit compact de compression en maintenant le produit compact de compression dans une atmosphère de gaz réducteur ;
    à soumettre le corps fritté à un procédé de matriçage sous une pression ; et
    après préchauffage en maintenant le corps fritté soumis au procédé de matriçage dans une atmosphère de gaz réducteur ou une atmosphère de gaz inerte, à extruder le corps fritté en appliquant une pression d'extrusion.
EP11797992.2A 2010-06-22 2011-06-09 Matériau pour contact électrique Not-in-force EP2587507B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2010141246 2010-06-22
PCT/JP2011/063199 WO2011162106A1 (fr) 2010-06-22 2011-06-09 Matériau pour contact électrique

Publications (3)

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EP2587507A1 EP2587507A1 (fr) 2013-05-01
EP2587507A4 EP2587507A4 (fr) 2014-12-10
EP2587507B1 true EP2587507B1 (fr) 2015-12-09

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EP (1) EP2587507B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4898977B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN102985988B (fr)
WO (1) WO2011162106A1 (fr)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011162107A1 (fr) * 2010-06-22 2011-12-29 株式会社アライドマテリアル Matériau de contact électrique
CN102522229B (zh) * 2011-12-30 2014-10-29 浙江天银合金技术有限公司 一种银碳化钨复银镍铜电触头的生产工艺
CN102899551B (zh) * 2012-11-07 2014-12-10 福达合金材料股份有限公司 一种高性能低压断路器用节银银碳化钨石墨电触头材料
JP2015125936A (ja) * 2013-12-26 2015-07-06 株式会社徳力本店 電気接点
CN109852837B (zh) * 2019-01-11 2021-02-09 东南大学 一种Ag/MAX电接触材料的制备方法
CN111363947A (zh) * 2020-03-09 2020-07-03 温州中希电工合金有限公司 一种添加镍合金的银碳化钨石墨复合材料及制备方法

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS52147768A (en) * 1976-06-03 1977-12-08 Sumitomo Electric Industries Electric contact material
JPS5811754A (ja) 1981-07-15 1983-01-22 Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd 電気接点材料
JPS5811753A (ja) 1981-07-15 1983-01-22 Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd 電気接点材料
US4689196A (en) * 1985-06-24 1987-08-25 Gte Products Corporation Silver-tungsten carbide-graphite electrical contact
JPS637345A (ja) * 1986-06-27 1988-01-13 Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd 電気接点材料及びその製造方法
US5831186A (en) * 1996-04-01 1998-11-03 Square D Company Electrical contact for use in a circuit breaker and a method of manufacturing thereof
JPH11269579A (ja) * 1998-03-24 1999-10-05 Nippon Kagaku Yakin Co Ltd Ａｇ−Ｗ／ＷＣ系焼結型電気接点材料およびその製造方法
JP4410066B2 (ja) * 2003-10-21 2010-02-03 三菱電機株式会社 電気接点材料の製造方法
CN100365747C (zh) * 2003-12-23 2008-01-30 哈尔滨东大电工有限责任公司 一种低压电器用的电触头材料
CN1658346A (zh) * 2005-03-10 2005-08-24 上海大学 一种银－碳化钨－碳电触头材料的制造方法
WO2009041246A1 (fr) * 2007-09-25 2009-04-02 A.L.M.T.Corp. Procédé pour produire un élément de contact, élément de contact et commutateur

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2587507A4 (fr) 2014-12-10
CN102985988A (zh) 2013-03-20
EP2587507A1 (fr) 2013-05-01
JP4898977B2 (ja) 2012-03-21
WO2011162106A1 (fr) 2011-12-29
JPWO2011162106A1 (ja) 2013-08-19
CN102985988B (zh) 2015-09-02

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