EP2411590B1 - Roof for an industrial building - Google Patents

Description

A first invention relates to a logistic building of modular design and an associated construction method. Another invention relates to an industrial building roof. These two inventions are independent, but can be advantageously combined.

Buildings dedicated to industrial and commercial logistics - or abbreviated logistic buildings - are known, including at least one ground floor level, designed to store more than 500 tons of combustible material. Such a building is a large building, enclosed on all four facades and on the roof, the average main beam under main beam height is greater than or equal to 8.00 m and its interior volume is greater than 50 000 m ³ , its footprint is greater than 3,000 m ² and may include mezzanines or a storey.

Such a building is out of water and out of air to shelter the stored goods. It is thus secure and constitutes a closed envelope.

It has more than a minimum of 4, or even 5 berths (or a railway wagons unloading platform) per 6000 m ² for goods loading and unloading operations at ground floor level. on one level, the current platform height being between 0.50 m, or even 0.55 m or 0.80 m, which corresponds to a van and 1.55 m, which corresponds to container trailers.

Such a building is equipped with an industrial floor, which is horizontal in part, allows the circulation of handling equipment on wheels, with a permissible load capacity on this industrial floor, minimum of 2T per m ² .

The quay of the truck is on the building facade, with a distance from the facade, to the right of the facade, maximum of 5 m.

Without this excluding an application to another type of building, the invention is particularly applicable to such a logistics building.

In the context thus defined, buildings must meet regulatory constraints and economic constraints, while having a favorable aesthetic aspect. The management of rainwater is a particular concern, because of the need to prevent any risk of disaster, while minimizing the need for maintenance, and maintaining a limited visual impact.

Moreover, in terms of the construction process, it is desired to reduce the time, while minimizing the costs and providing additional functional possibilities for the users of the buildings.

To solve the problems thus mentioned, it is proposed an industrial building roof with an alternation of factages and cover valleys, the slope between a ridge and the adjoining valley respecting the minimum slope permissible for an industrial building, in said roof ridge and the valleys are inclined relative to the horizontal with an angle of between 1 and 5% and this inclination is obtained by varying the height at which are installed successive two-slope beams arranged horizontally and supporting the cover, these beams slopes with slopes corresponding to the slopes between ridge and adjacent valleys.

We already knew from the document NL - 6,601,621 , a roof according to the preamble of claim 1 comprising an alternation of ridges and valleys which are inclined relative to the horizontal of a small angle, using two-slope beams, the inclination of the ridge and resulting from the angle between the two slopes of the two-slope beams. We also knew from the document US - 2,710,584 , a roof using beams having different heights to achieve an inclination, excluding the idea of installing beams at different heights. In addition, according to the document JP - 2003 29 3523 , a roof using beams at different heights, but these beams are not bi-slope type, the ridge and the valleys being made by a corrugated cover.

The roof thus defined has the advantage of being easy to set up for large areas on a case by case, while offering a low roof height, which is advantageous for reasons of safety and aesthetics. The installation of rainwater flows in the surface of the building is also not necessary with such a roof, because of the flow of water it offers to the facades, which respects the regulatory requirements.

According to an advantageous aspect, the valleys have a high point at half their length, and they are inclined symmetrically on either side of this high point.

Preferably, the roof comprises at least two valleys and at least three cracks.

According to an advantageous characteristic, the roof comprises a stepped gable front parapet with an angle between 1 and 5% identical to the angle of inclination of the valleys, or at least similar.

Preferably, the roof further comprises a set defined by a acroterium survey and a plurality of rainwater births all being dimensioned according to the rainfall, the rainwater births being located outside the envelope of the building.

According to one advantageous aspect, the set defined by an acroterium survey and a plurality of rainwater births is dimensioned so that the accumulation of water at the periphery of the acroterium is limited to 10 cm, and that In case of heavy rain, the evacuation is done in weirs along the facades.

According to one embodiment, the inclination of the webs with respect to the horizontal is obtained by varying the depth of anchoring of bearing columns on their foundation or the height of attachment of horizontal beams of roofing on the posts carriers.

Preferably, the valleys are inclined relative to the horizontal with an angle between 1.2 and 3.6%, or preferably between 1.4 and 2.1%.

According to an independent aspect, the following invention is proposed, constituting a logistic building construction method comprising steps of determining a terrain to be constructed, choosing from a predefined finite set of modular building elements of a plurality of elements adapted to cover said ground in a suitable arrangement, and construction of the modular building elements selected according to the adapted arrangement.

According to an advantageous characteristic, the modular building elements are designed according to regulatory constraints.

Preferably, each modular construction element of said assembly is available in a left form, a straight form, and a central shape, respectively adapted to cooperate with a straight form, a left form, or both a left form and a straight form.

According to one embodiment, each modular building element comprises one or two cells with a surface area of less than 6000 m ² , each cell being isolated from a neighboring cell by cross-checking made in fire walls.

According to a preferred embodiment, each modular building element comprises a set of carrying columns, purlins and structural beams, whose adjustment during construction according to said adapted arrangement allows a drainage of rainwater over the whole of the roof surface of the building thus formed.

In a preferred situation, the step of constructing the modular building elements selected according to the adapted arrangement is performed so as to obtain a complete logistics building.

According to an advantageous aspect of the method, the dimensioning of the elements, the nature of the building materials for the elements, as well as the organization that makes it possible to produce them, to deliver them and to assemble them, is predefined.

The invention also proposes a logistics building constructed according to the presented method.

• La figure 1 est un schéma représentant des éléments de base selon un mode de réalisation général de l'invention.
• La figure 2 représente des modes de réalisation particuliers de l'invention.
• Les figures 3a et 3b sont des vues de l'acrotère d'une façade dans un mode de réalisation d'une toiture de bâtiment industriel.
• La figure 4 est une vue de dessus de la toiture d'un bâtiment industriel selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention.
• La figure 5 présente une vue de la façade avant d'un bâtiment industriel selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention.
• La figure 6 présente une vue de la façade arrière d'un bâtiment industriel selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention.
• La figure 7 présente une vue de la façade pignon d'un bâtiment industriel selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention.
• La figure 8 présente une vue de trois quarts d'un bâtiment industriel selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, avec certains murs et la toiture artificiellement supprimés de manière à faire apparaitre les éléments de structure.
• La figure 9 présente une vue de coupe d'un bâtiment industriel selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, la vue figurant l'écoulement des eaux.
• La figure 10 présente une vue de coupe sur façade de quai, présentant un mode de réalisation d'un bâtiment logistique selon l'invention.

The invention will now be presented in more detail in connection with the accompanying figures.

• The figure 1 is a diagram showing basic elements according to a general embodiment of the invention.
• The figure 2 represents particular embodiments of the invention.
• The Figures 3a and 3b are views of the acroterium of a facade in an embodiment of an industrial building roof.
• The figure 4 is a top view of the roof of an industrial building according to one embodiment of the invention.
• The figure 5 shows a view of the front facade of an industrial building according to one embodiment of the invention.
• The figure 6 shows a view of the rear facade of an industrial building according to one embodiment of the invention.
• The figure 7 shows a view of the gable facade of an industrial building according to one embodiment of the invention.
• The figure 8 shows a three-quarter view of an industrial building according to one embodiment of the invention, with some walls and the roof artificially removed so as to reveal the structural elements.
• The figure 9 shows a sectional view of an industrial building according to one embodiment of the invention, the view showing the flow of water.
• The figure 10 shows a sectional view of the dock facade, showing an embodiment of a logistics building according to the invention.

In figure 1 , the principle of modular design of warehouses according to the invention is represented with basically 4 modules, called modules 01, 02, 03, 04. Each module is completely predefined, with all the associated supply chain (set of elements constituting the building, that is to say the building materials, as well as the organization that makes it possible to produce them, deliver them and assemble them), the calculations determining both the design and the method of execution. These modules make it possible to produce, once assembled, virtually all warehouse configurations in France, which consist of warehouse cells limited to 6000 m ^2, which is the maximum regulatory size of a cell. The four modules are either 6000 m ² each (module 1 and module 2) or, when they have two assembled cells (module 3 and module 4), 12000 m ² (2 x 6000 m ² ) each. All modules can be doubled.

In figure 1 , the dashed lines on the right of the modules represent firewalls. This is an insulating element vis-à-vis a module that would come symmetrically.

In addition, the fine horizontal lines in the modules 3 and 4 correspond to an intra-module division which separates a module into two equal elements of 6000 m ² .

The fire wall is a physical or real division: it is a wall made of cellular concrete or reinforced concrete or any other equivalent fire resistance material, for a minimum of 2 hours.

In principle, we have a combinatorics of elements that are fixed at the beginning, frozen, pre-established completely in design engineering mode and execution. With that, we know very quickly designing buildings and making them.

With reference to the figure 2 examples of buildings on almost any type of terrain geometry are shown.

Surfaces of 12000 to 42000 m ^{2 have been represented} : about 80% of the configuration possibilities for the implantation of a warehouse-type industrial building on a parcel of land. In each case, a combination of modules is used to optimize the area built on the plots.

We find the modules of the figure 1 . The first building is 12000 m ² of surface and is built using 2 times the module 1. The building in the third line, on the left, is 24000 m ² and is built using 2 times the module 4.

Always on the figure 2 The building of 36,000 m ² (fourth line on the left) is more complicated: it involves modules that are back-to-back. The building of 42000 m ² (fourth line on the right) comprises five modules. We note that at the level of the truck courses, there are adaptations, implemented on a case by case basis.

The consequence of this principle, which consists in assembling the modules in a juxtaposed way, without any variation, can pose some difficulties, especially in terms of evacuation of rainwater from the roofs of buildings: in France, the rule of collection and evacuation rainwater from buildings, because of the very large horizontal surface of these, implies high flow rates and volumes of rainwater, hence risks, in the event of non-evacuation, subsidence or collapse roofing. One of the key points in the design of these buildings (and logistic buildings in general or industrial buildings with a large roof area), is to manage to effectively reject, to drain rainwater roofing outside the building .

It is in this spirit that has been implemented a roof that consists of repetitive elements, which are also immutable and that can manage all geometry situations on the ground of the building.

This aspect of innovation is represented in figures 3 and 4 . A first principle is to have high points and low points. The high points are called deer lines and the low points are called valleys. Classically, in an industrial building, when you make a roof, you have horizontal lines, which are horizontal and you have valleys that are also horizontal. These valleys can cross in the direction of the width or the length of the roof the building, including from one side dividing the surface of the roof, and they are also present in general in peripheral line, what is called the acroterium, that is to say, the roof that constitutes the highest point of the facade. On a facade, high point just under the acroterium, one can have either an external channel hanging on the facade or a valley on the roof that recovers the rainwater on the periphery.

There are three main elements in general: the acroterium (the highest point of the facade); the high deformations that may eventually exceed the acroterium level; and the network of valleys which cross the building from one side to the other and which move on the periphery.

With reference to Figures 3a and 3b under the guardrail, in black, the acroterium of a modular building, manufactured according to the innovative process.

The arrows represent the flow of water. This flow is in spillway in case of heavy rains, that is to say above the acroterium survey (waterproofing report which covers the acroterium and which prevents the water seeping into the building or trickle inside facade elements). This is an innovation.

We see figure 3a the operation of the flow during storms, and therefore very heavy rain, said operation in exceptional regime.

In figure 3b is shown operating in normal regime with current rainfall. The water is collected by an external water box 1000 (parallelepipedic element on the left) and an external rainwater drain.

In traditional techniques, there are rainwater descents that follow the valleys and collect rainwater in the valleys. This is what we calls births, holes in the roof that are connected to networks and downspouts that are both on the periphery of the building and inside the building according to rules that are determined by the DTUs (technical documents unified here in this case the DTU 43 or NF P84-206). These are rules of execution that everyone agrees with that are validated by the insurance companies.

In the traditional technique, usually, we have de facto lines and gully lines and we position the births of rainwater on the roof every 700 m ² in the case of entry of rainwater in bottom of valley approximately according to these rules, to evacuate these waters.

What is important is that these births are positioned in the building's footprint, the cover, which means that rainwater is brought down by descents, networks, which may be running at the same time. under roof or under pavement of the building. This is not always desirable, as water is brought into the building or under the building, with all the problems that can arise from maintaining networks, and the risks involved.

We have a roof in steel tank with insulation and waterproofing membrane, downspouts, which run vertically along the poles, in the building, and which are then connected, in a gravity network which is under pavement (under the building floor, buried). This is the first technique.

Another technique, called siphoid, consists of routing networks not under pavement, but directly under the roof. This technique is called a siphoid because the filling of 100% pipes allows smaller diameters (suction) so it limits the number of rainwater descents in the building.

The major disadvantage of these usual solutions, is that it brings rain water inside the building but also on the roof is that they can possibly create points of water accumulation depending on the maintenance quality of these births EP (birth of rainwater, a birth being a hole in the roof). If elements come plug an EP birth on the roof, there is a risk of evacuation failure, and almost immediately a buildup of water that can go as far as to cause the collapse or collapse of the roof.

In addition, we know the downspouts that are a vertical network in the building, and the horizontal paths, which are either under roof or under pavement. When the water travels under roof, it ends up going down in the building or periphery.

Two innovations are proposed in this context, with the effect of avoiding the installation of downspouts.

The first relates to the fact that, with a roofing principle, roof slopes are generated which have a total height difference which is small but which allows very long distances of the water course.

The vertical drop is the vertical distance between the highest point (ridge) and the lowest point of the valley. Between the two, there is a roof slope that directs the waters. This slope is set in France at least 3.1% on this type of building. This has been respected in the various embodiments of the invention. Innovation is about putting gins (see figure 4 ) slightly inclined (at 1.5%) perpendicular to the slope of 3.1%, with a high point at the mid-length of the building.

The total height of the building corresponds to a high point line which is in the center of the cell which is in the direction of the width of the building. The lowest point of the roof is on the periphery. The total height difference is the slope of the valley (1.5%) multiplied by the half-depth of the building (approximately 50 m according to one embodiment) to which is added a rating, which corresponds to the elevation difference which is fixed at 3.1% multiplied by the width of the small hump (of each of the beams, half-span or half-distance between two valleys). This distance is fixed relative to a frame frame, which is fixed and repetitive. The invention lies in particular in having a slope of 3.1% over a minimum distance on a fixed element, and having a great distance a slope of 1.5%. This minimizes the total height of the roof.

In summary, there is the regulatory imperative of 3.1%, and an innovation in the introduction of a slope of 1.5% for the valleys which are therefore inclined perpendicularly to two facades of the building front and rear. We also understand that innovation is not limited to the value of 1.5%.

The strategy is to reject with a small total elevation of the rainwater roof relatively far from the periphery of the building and therefore to cover large areas of roof without having to install rainwater births inside the building. The water is discharged entirely to the periphery and the stormwater management system is completely secure.

With this innovation, in addition to the modular aspect, but independently of it, it maximizes the distance of rainwater discharge for a minimized height difference and with standard elements, or identical and repetitive elements (the current beams supporting the coverage are all the same).

The repetitive forms of "bellows" represented in figure 4 allow to comply with the regulations in terms of minimum permissible slope on the surface of coverage (minimal slope in current surface of coverage = 3.1% in France and almost horizontal bowls), and in term of maximum surface where the rainwater is collected.

They have the advantage of rejecting all the rainwater from the building to its periphery (no collection inside the building's right-of-way (gravity network buried or under roof), no risk of water accumulation possible within the roof area), while minimizing the total height of the roof (and thus maximizing for a given elevation the distances of the rainwater on the roof and therefore the surface of the roof , and therefore to limit the overall heights of facade and total height (the highest point of the building's building).

In addition these structures can be juxtaposed at will, which offers a synergistic effect with the modular design of buildings.

Finally, they offer a simple solution for the gable facades of the building without any modification of the principle of the roof. The gable facades have an acrotère which following the valley of the bank is very slightly inclined (1.5%), which visually can be considered almost horizontal. Thus the gable facades are properly treated on the aesthetic level.

A second aspect concerning the roofs, independent of the previous one, is that we must be able to reject rainwater in an intelligent way since we can not always pour on the facades or create a height of acroterium such that we could have an accumulation of water at the periphery.

It is therefore proposed to introduce a leakage survey calculated according to the rainfall recorded in the geographical area concerned (the rainfall statistics). The region can be France, Germany or Poland for example. The dimensioning of the device is at the same time fixed by the height of the report of sealing and by the births of rain water which are distributed on the periphery there also at fixed intervals and with predefined diameters. This set is dimensioned such that in normal operation, in the case of current precipitation, there is a low water accumulation on the periphery of the building, on the periphery of acroterium, on the roof since the accumulation of water is controlled , limited to about 10 cm, that is to say at the height of the survey, on the periphery of acroterium, on the roof of the building. The evacuation is done in spillway on the facades.

The combination of the principle of spill and rainwater downwind outside the building is innovative regardless of the other aspects presented. The descent of rainwater is not calculated to take all the rains, and it needs a complement weir. The spillway only works if the downflow is saturated at its maximum flow. It is the combination of the two that makes the operation, calculated in advance, pass either by one or the other. This is represented in Figures 3a and 3b , and also in figures 9 and 10 where we see the acroterium cap, the waterproofing membrane that runs along the insulation of the roof that comes and has continuity to the acroterion cap.

On a plan view, figure 4 from above, the roof slopes were shown in both directions (horizontal and 90 °). If you start from the middle point, which is the highest point, which is a de facto point at 12.50 m above the ground; and if we go down the width of the building, we have a succession of slopes at 3.1% in one direction and then in the other.

With reference to the figure 4 1 at 1.5% (partially covered), at 2, the horizontal acrotere survey forming a horizontal valley, at 3 the 1.5% inclined valleys on an acroterium or firebreak wall or between two "bellows", in mark 4 the high points of the roof (ridge), in mark 4bis the high points of the valleys, and in mark 5 the water boxes connected on downflow of rainwater in front.

The device consists of "knot - shackle - ridge" successions and the height goes down, in the direction of the length of the building, in a uniform manner of 1,5%, whether on the edges or on the low points, until 'to the penultimate frame where the overall surface of the roof is flattened. This is where we have 1.5% when we are on the valley and 3.76% when we are on the high point to arrive online at identical level (right in the figure).

In addition to the slope at 1.5% on the valleys, to the valley of acroteria, which is 11.35 m. The last framing of the beams was accentuated by the slope of the high point of the beams towards the level of the peripheral valley. For example, there is a ridge that is 11.79 m and is 11.35 m on a slope of 3.76%.

In a way, for example, with a cut-off slope of 3.76%, the roof is flattened between the high point of the beam of the first frame (front and rear): at the right and left end of the building, where the valleys and the factages meet at the same level, namely the level of the acroterium valley.

So we have an innovation on the fact that all over this roof, there is a succession of perfectly identical elements that safely evacuate the rainwater to the periphery. And once these water found in the valley, they can not cause accumulation of water beyond 10 cm. They are evacuated below by the downspouts. From the moment when the flow of rainwater becomes higher, that the descents of rain water are not enough any more, one will overflow, in a very uniform way, in the form of a very discreet film of water along the valley and on the facade (over the parapet and then along the cladding, metal facade - or concrete - building).

On the figure 5 representing a front facade, if we ignore the railing (not shown), we see behind two V-shaped triangles, one near the roof and a higher one. They are almost parallel seen from afar, but in fact the edges are divergent. The vertical ridge that joins the tips of the V is the ridge that flattens. The highest line is the highest point of the building that varies. We see that it descends to come flatten (very crushed triangle).

With reference to the figure 7 , the gables are not the subject of a particular treatment, as mentioned previously: it is considered that the acroterium of the pinion and its raising constitutes a sloping valley, like the others (see the figure 4 ). At the top of the plan, on the gable of the building, the acroterium is a valley inclined at 1.5%, like the others, to the left and to the right from the high point. It's an innovative element.

On the figure 9 we can see the flattening very well (1.76%). On the figure 7 the acroterium of the gable facade inclined at 1.5% has been represented. We also see that the highest point of the building is 13.23 m, in the embodiment considered (which is presented for illustrative purposes only) but the highest point of the gable acrotere, is 12.33 m (in the middle of the gable facade, above the door). The gable facade is almost horizontal for visual perception. This is the goal: a slope of 1.5% is very discreet.

The top point of the pinion is 12.33 m and behind it, a high point is 13.23 m. There is therefore a line of high points at 13.23 m, which is a maximum height for the building, and one is 11.45 m in front of the long walls (front or rear). Which means we have a difference that is very small between the height of the long wall pan and the height of the pinion.

The shape of the roof (in three dimensions) is given by the elements of the structure that supports the roof (frame, figure 8 ) and the elements that constitute the horizontal structure of the frame are constant, always the same. These elements were designed for the Modulog family. They could however be used for other buildings. They constitute the cover medium.

The roof support elements are constant. There are beams 6 17.10 m long (cf. figure 8 , where it is recalled that the dimensions are specific to a particular embodiment, and may vary), which corresponds to the distance between two inclined valleys. They are bi-slope beams 6. This shape gives 3.1% slope in one direction. The juxtaposition of these beams 6 at different heights gives the slope of 1.5% in the other direction.

In figure 8 , the frame is represented: beams 6 which carry from pole to post, which are 17.10 m and whose profile is such that one has a high point in the middle. The material used is glued laminated material, but another material may be chosen. In the other direction, we have a secondary frame, breakdowns, which are 11.90 m (the distance between the beams). All these carrier elements are identical. What makes the slope of the roof in the direction of 1.5% is the variation of height of the columns which are anchored more.or less in the ground, or in a variant variant the height of the fixing device of the beams 6 on the poles. The posts in front are the lowest posts. Then, each time we move a span, we increase the height by the distance multiplied by 1.5%.

The slope of 1.5% is on the pinion facade which is depicted boned in the figure (on the right). Since the truck-side facade is horizontal, the parapet is at constant height. And the beams that are behind, the first line behind, have a high point and two low points. They are V-shaped.

The first load-bearing element along the quay face is at constant inertia (the inertia designates the thickness in the direction of the height of the element carrier). If we take the carrier element which is parallel and therefore the first offset element of a row of posts, it is clear that the beams 6 are V. They have a high point in the middle between the two poles. They are thicker (greater inertia) in the middle and thinner on the edges (smaller inertia). This is seen, especially on the third failure.

It is this aspect that gives the roof slope in the direction of 3.1%. This is found throughout the first row of posts, all along the length of the building. When moving from a row of poles towards the bottom, the height is increased by 1.5% overall. It is the height of the line of posts that varies the height of the roof. This is observed until it reaches the highest point, which is the center of the cell depth, in the figure, the 4 ^th post.

In some embodiments, there may be ten poles. These are the posts that regulate the roof slope, in the direction of the valleys.

These beams 6 carriers are all identical and the failures are all identical in the other direction. It is the anchoring depth of the post on its foundation or the attachment height in the upper part of the beams 6 on the post that adjusts the height and is an element of variation of height of the roof. We see the interest of the modular design; whatever the arrangement of the modules relative to each other and their respective dimensions, it does not change the cover at all. One only has to adjust the depth of anchoring of the post on its foundation or the hanging on the posts to have slopes of roofing on one of the modules and on the other, whatever its depth. There is no interface between the two. This means that each module can be found next to any module. This was not the case for a classic building or it is more complicated.

Each module can be found next to any other module because the structural elements are all identical and the roof slope is set by the hanging system on the vertical poles.

One can have hung on the same pole which would be at the level of the separative wall, two different heights of roofing. Because with this system allowing to have the high point line in the middle of the cell depth on the length of the building, if the depth of the building varies, one has a ridge that is not in the same place depending on the depth, since the depth is divided by two to the dimension. From the moment we have a separative wall with poles, although we are on one side or the other, we know how to adjust the height of the roof. That the first module is more or less deep than the second and therefore the line of the high points is at a different dimension, does not affect the possibility of sticking two modules together.

The modular aspect of the roof that creates the slope of the elements that are completely identical and that it is the hanging system of the posts that can assemble modules that have different roof heights.

With reference to the figure 8 we see four modules 1, side by side. These are modules 1a, 1b, 1c, depending on the position they occupy in the building.

¹ module is boneless, and the other three are left, and the last shows off to the left.

For the sake of simplification, it has not been figure 1 that the module called left module, the one that has the input. The left module includes an entrance, a gate, the technical room with circular reserve, but comes with variants 1a, 1b, 1c. That is, module 1b is the module that is central between two modules, in the middle of the building, and module 1c is the module on the right, which, rather than an input, has an area of flipping and has no technical room. It is not completely symmetrical. But the building is modular. There is very little variation between a, b and c.

Everything is common between the modules 1a and 1b, except that, instead of having a metal front left gear, there is a firewall. The module 1a is represented in full in the figure on the left, and the module 1b is exactly the same except that it does not have the small technical plot on the outside and has no facade in its quantitative since is the firewall of the preceding module.

On the first module of the figure 1 (left module), there is an additional office building. It's a block that we can install at the front of any module. On the left is the technical block or technical garden, symbolized by a circle with a rectangle. These are common facilities: sources of electricity, fire pump, possible boiler, which will serve for the entire building.

This block will not be repeated three times if there are three modules. One always starts a design by a module 1a (or 2a or 3a). Then we put what we want.

So we have an example of simple elements that can be found easily but that we had to think of the combination to achieve a modular result. With very few modules we come with this combination that makes a very special service for the design and execution of buildings.

With this set, the reasoning at the scale of a module on a set of elements of constructions that exist and are widely disseminated. The invention proposes the four modules in their three forms. And from there, it is possible to combine them to arrive at this logic of building without additional engineering neither in study nor in construction.

The minimum size of the buildings used according to the invention is 12000 m ² . Only module 3 or module 4 can be offered.

The product is a logistics building that consists of different subassemblies that are called predefined modules. These modules are themselves composed of one or two cells of 6000 m ² . A cell is always separated from its neighbors by a firewall. The modules are proposed in relation to an analysis based on the depth of ground that can be found in France to set up this type of building.

There is also the question of whether the prime contractor needs two-side berths or one-sided buildings. Modules 1 and 2 were created to meet a need for a face for docking trucks, and 2 faces if they are back-to-back. In modules 3 and 4, there are two faces.

An analysis is made of the depth of terrain.

We build at least two modules when using a module 1 and 2 and they are necessarily glued to another module. The firewall is that which is separative between two cells. In addition, there is a slight variation of the modules (1a, 1b or 1c) where there are possible adjustments in the linear firewalls walls and facades.

We propose at least two modules when using a module 1 or 2, so they are necessarily glued and separated by a firewall. The peculiarity is that we can replace this firewall with a classic metal facade if there is nothing to separate (we can end up for example with a module deeper if we put a module 1 with a module 2 together, from the point where they are no longer in contact, because they do not have the same dimension).

In the non-contact part, the fire wall is replaced by a metal front. The metal facade is the same type as the outer facade of the module. The structure of the building is invariant in its geometry.

The need at the beginning is to be able to play with the depth of the ground.

The depth of the ground is an important parameter determining the area available to build the building. Sometimes the ground has a somewhat patatoïd geometry. The four modules allow adjustment to both the width of the building and its depth. Depending on the surface, choose module 4 or module 3 or module 1 or module 2 instead.

In fact, we will choose a set of modules to maximize and optimize the surface built on a parcel. This is found in figure 2 , with varied terrain shapes. A good example is the building at 42,000 m ² (on the right in the figure) where we are able, while respecting the constraint of 6,000 m ² maximum per cell size, to assemble modules to adjust the shape of the building. to the shape of the ground.

There, in this figure there are modules 4b, 4c. There are some adjustment options that do not call into question the design of modules: you can for example remove a door to dock, equipment, the necessary road.

For example, if the customer wants to be face-to-face, there is a module 4 with only one side, and there is one with only one side door.

Inside the module, figure 7 we see the poles, the roof and the interior equipment.

The invention makes it possible to arrange 6000 m ² very closely, with a fixed screen of 17.10 m by 11.90 m. The frame is the distance between poles. We find a recurring element: the fixed frame. With a fixed frame and 6000 m ² of minimum cell area, we know how to adapt to any depth of ground. This is a major element. And we know how to stick modules.

In addition, the building is innovative on rainwater management.

The invention proposes an innovative assembly method, modular.

We have a step of determining the surface to be built. Then, we choose in the catalog of modules those that correspond to what we want to do.

The method comprises a step where at least two modules are selected, which, when assembled together, give a logistics building corresponding to the specifications in terms of area and type of operation, without requiring particular study, design, execution.

If the modules are compatible with each other, it is because they adapt to the level of the interface. The elements of the interface between two modules are the poles.

There is a firewall two hours which necessarily exceeds (visible on the figure 8 ) one meter from the roof.

What is common between two modules are the poles. In addition, as soon as you are in contact with another module, you put a fire wall two hours.

We know that the regulation imposes cell sizes and grouping between cells. Beyond 6000 m ² , it is often necessary to put a fire wall.

What is important is that the roofs do not touch. There is no connection between the roofs of each cell.

The basic elements are dictated by regulation, and their adjustment by the field, and also functionality. Depending on the situation, you need plans, a preparation area, racks ...

The modules are designed according to the regulatory constraints. They are totally optimized vis-à-vis a regulation in terms of surface and group firebreak.

Then they are assembled according to the constraints of the ground.

The module is designed with respect to a precise constraint which is the crossover and the 6000 m ² and then assembled according to the terrain. We then join modules that have a different geometry.

A cell is a volume of undivided ground footprint of a logistic building, with a maximum area of 6000 m ² , which is isolated from neighboring cells by overlapping fire-resistant firewalls for a minimum of two hours. -fire protruding from the roof of one meter.

A module is a predefined subset, pre-engineering a logistics building and possibly its associated outdoor spaces (yard truck, bypass, access ramp, technical premises) which includes 1 or 2 cells, and which is attached to another or other modules form a complete building.

A set of common beams bi-slope 6 all identical supporting the cover, placed in the direction parallel to the direction of the front and rear facades, adjusted only by the height of attachment to the pole, allows to create a succession of "bellows", that is to say, alternating high points and low points of coverage (furrows and valleys), creating appropriate slope shapes directed to the acroterium valley of the front and rear facades of the building.

These front and rear facade valleys form a survey allowing a accumulation of water of a few centimeters along the front and rear facades. This accumulation of water is evacuated by one or more external water boxes hung ( figure 3b ) at the façade and connected to gravity rainwater outlets outside the building's right-of-way.

These downspouts are calculated to resume the flow of normal precipitation. In case of heavy rain, ie at a low annual event frequency, the acroterium survey with a watertightness test acts as a continuous weir, rainwater flowing directly along the overflow facade ( figure 3a ), avoiding any additional water accumulation height on the roof beyond the height of the acroterium survey.

The set consisting of the downpipes and the height of the acroterium survey was the subject of a specific calculation taking into account the rainfall statistics in France.

With reference to the figure 9 the water accumulation height controlled by descent in EP in the current rain regime and by pouring over the acroterium survey is shown. The descent rate EP has also been represented in a regime of intense rain. Also shown is the slope, which on a left portion is 1.50%, then 3.76% up to the vertical wall on the right.

In figure 10 , which as mentioned above is a sectional view on the wharf facade, showing an embodiment of a logistics building according to the invention, the 1.5% slope determined by the height of the columns and continuing to on a vertical wall without breaking the slope (see figure 4 : the absence of slope failure is in this embodiment specific to the valleys), the cover comprising a PVC membrane, an insulation layer, and a steel BAC.

There was also a laminated glue failure, a concrete post, a platinum metal closure and a glued laminated roof structure. Also included are the acroterion cap, the watertightness above the acroterium cap, a horizontal rail, and a railing.

Claims (9)

1. Roof for an industrial building having alternating ridges (1) and valleys (3) of roof covering, the slope between one ridge and the adjacent valley in compliance with the minimum permissible slope for an industrial building, the ridges and the valleys being inclined relative to the horizontal with an angle, characterized in that said angle is comprised between 1 and 5% and that said inclination is obtained by variation of the height at which successive double-pitched beams (6) are horizontally arranged supporting the roof covering, said double-pitched beams (6) having slopes corresponding to the slopes between the adjacent ridges and valleys of said alternation.
2. Roof according to claim 1, characterized in that the valleys have a high point (4bis) at the mid-point of their length, and that they are inclined symmetrically on each side of this high point.
3. Roof according to one of the previous claims, characterized in that it comprises at least two valleys and at least three ridges.
4. Roof according to one of the previous claims, characterized in that it comprises a gable end parapet (Figure 7) inclined with an angle comprised between 1 and 5% identical to the angle of inclination of the valleys.
5. Roof according to one of the previous claims, characterized in that it comprises moreover an assembly defined by a parapet upstand (2) and a plurality of rainwater outlets (5) dimensioned according to the pluviometry, the rainwater outlets being situated outside the envelope of the building.
6. Roof according to claim 5, characterized in that the assembly defined by a parapet upstand (2) and a plurality of rainwater outlets (5) is dimensioned so that the accumulation of water at the periphery of the parapet is limited to 10 cm (Figure 3a), and so that in the event of heavy rainfall, drainage is carried out by overflow along the façades (Figure 3b).
7. Roof according to one of the previous claims, characterized in that the valleys (3) are inclined relative to the horizontal with an angle comprised between 1.2 and 3.6%, or preferentially between 1.4 and 2.1 %.
8. Roof according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the roof covering is constituted by a steel tray with insulation and waterproofing membrane (Figure 10).
9. Industrial building comprising a roof according to one of claims 1 to 8, that can for example be a logistics building.

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