EP2376662B1 - Method and section for cooling a moving metal belt by spraying liquid - Google Patents

Method and section for cooling a moving metal belt by spraying liquid Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2376662B1
EP2376662B1 EP10702917.5A EP10702917A EP2376662B1 EP 2376662 B1 EP2376662 B1 EP 2376662B1 EP 10702917 A EP10702917 A EP 10702917A EP 2376662 B1 EP2376662 B1 EP 2376662B1
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Prior art keywords
cooling
strip
temperature
liquid
spray
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EP10702917.5A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2376662A1 (en
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Cyril Claveroulas
Frédéric MARMONIER
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Fives Stein SA
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Fives Stein SA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
    • C21D9/54—Furnaces for treating strips or wire
    • C21D9/56—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire
    • C21D9/573—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire with cooling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/667—Quenching devices for spray quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D11/00—Process control or regulation for heat treatments
    • C21D11/005—Process control or regulation for heat treatments for cooling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
    • C21D9/54—Furnaces for treating strips or wire
    • C21D9/56—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to improvements made to the cooling sections of lines for the continuous treatment of metal strips, in particular for annealing, galvanizing or tinplate.
  • a continuous treatment line for metal strips is made up of a succession of heat treatment sections, in particular heating, temperature maintenance, cooling, aging, etc.
  • the present invention relates to the cooling sections of continuous treatment lines and more particularly to the rapid cooling sections with projection of a liquid onto the strip.
  • the cooling liquid is generally water, which can be treated beforehand, for example to extract dissolved oxygen or mineral salts therefrom, and which can contain additives to improve heat exchange or limit oxidation of the strip.
  • Water cooling makes it possible to obtain very steep cooling slopes, beyond those which can be obtained with gas cooling.
  • the cooling of the strip can also be obtained by spraying on the strip a mixture consisting of a gas and a liquid.
  • the gas is generally present as a carrier gas to carry out the atomization and the projection of the liquid on the strip.
  • the gas used is most often nitrogen but can also be composed of a mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen, or any other gas,
  • the liquid can be sprayed as a mist or sprayed with larger droplets or as a continuous liquid.
  • the cooling of the strip can begin while the latter is at a high temperature, for example 750 ° C.
  • a high temperature for example 750 ° C.
  • film boiling in English, or film of vapor. This is the phenomenon of calefaction.
  • the vapor layer acts as a barrier to heat transfer between the strip and the water, thus reducing the efficiency of the water cooling.
  • the boiling point is close to 100 ° C. It can vary by a few degrees depending on the composition of the water and its content of addition elements,
  • the problem can be reduced to cooling a fictitious wall to 100 ° C with water.
  • This critical temperature depends on many parameters, including the characteristics of the spraying, the temperature of the sprayed liquid or the nature and temperature of the cooled surface.
  • the object of the invention is above all to ensure uniform cooling of the metal strip, in particular to avoid the formation of folds or appreciable differences in mechanical characteristics depending on the width and / or the length.
  • the invention is thus firstly a method of controlling the cooling of a moving metal strip in a continuous treatment line by spraying onto the strip a liquid or a mixture consisting of a gas and a liquid so as to maintain a so-called “vapor film” cooling at the surface of the strip resulting from the phenomenon of heating of the cooling liquid in contact with a hot strip, consisting in increasing the temperature of the cooling liquid in the zone where rewetting could occur, or where it occurs, resulting from the local disappearance of the vapor film, so as to remain or return to cooling in vapor film on the surface of the strip.
  • another adjusted cooling parameter consists of a spraying parameter formed by the speed and / or the diameter of the drops of cooling liquid in the zone or zones concerned.
  • the temperature of the cooling liquid can be adjusted so that it is different between two successive cooling units of the strip. cooling section.
  • a combined adjustment of the temperature and the flow rate of the coolant can be carried out in order to allow modulating the heat flow extracted from the strip.
  • the temperature of the coolant is adjusted across the width of the belt.
  • Several coolant spray units can be distributed across the width of the strip, and the temperature and coolant flow rate for each spray unit are adjusted across the width of the strip.
  • the temperature of the liquid can be adjusted at the start of cooling so as to limit the variation in the temperature slope resulting from the cooling compared to the heating or compared to the previous temperature maintenance.
  • the temperature of the liquid can be adjusted according to the target cooling capacity so as to limit variations in the flow rate of the coolant.
  • the tests can be repeated in a subsequent zone in the direction of travel of the strip so as to remain in a film of vapor throughout the cooling section, or when this is not possible, to postpone the start of the process to a lower temperature. rewetting.
  • the appearance of a sharp increase in the transverse temperature gradient of the strip and of a clear break in the cooling slope is determined. resulting from more intense cooling in the absence of a vapor film, using devices for measuring the temperature of the strip in areas where rewetting is likely to occur.
  • the tests relate to an area located along the length of the strand of the metal strip where the temperature of the strip is between 450 ° C and 250 ° C, and at several points over the width of the strip so as to detect strong variations in temperature.
  • the invention according to claim 12 also relates to a cooling section of a continuous treatment line for implementing the method defined above, which section comprises units for spraying a liquid or dye onto a metal strip.
  • a cooling liquid supply assembly comprising two circuits distinct cold and hot water supply, each equipped with a control valve and connected to the same outlet pipe, a mixture flow controller being provided on the outlet pipe as well as a temperature controller of the mixed.
  • the supply assembly may include a regulator making it possible to adjust the proportion of the cold water and hot water flow rates so as to obtain the target overall flow rate of liquid at the desired temperature, for each spraying device. .
  • the temperature of the coolant can be adjusted as a function of the desired heat flow and as a function of the temperature of the strip.
  • the invention makes it possible to maintain control over cooling by remaining in a film of vapor for longer. .
  • This control of the water temperature possibly combined with an adjustment of the water flow rate over the bandwidth, makes it possible to obtain a uniform band temperature over its width.
  • the determination by calculation of the Lindenfrost temperature is very difficult because many parameters influence it. Spray parameters are very important. Thus, the size of the drops, the distance between the drops, the speed of the drops, the spray temperature of the liquid, the proportion and the temperature of the spray gas all influence the Lindenfrost temperature.
  • the strip also influences the latter, depending on its temperature, the roughness of its surface, its emissivity.
  • the heat flow exchanged by the belt is also decisive.
  • the Lindenfrost temperature will actually depend on the speed at which the drop of liquid will reach its vaporization temperature. The faster it is, the lower the Lindenfrost temperature will be.
  • rewetting occurs and the zone in which it occurs.
  • the appearance of rewetting leads to a sharp increase in the transverse temperature gradient of the strip and to a clear break in the cooling slope resulting from more intense cooling in the absence of a vapor film.
  • the simplest method is to place web temperature measuring devices in areas where rewetting is likely to occur, for example along the length of the strand where the web temperature is between 450 ° C and 250 ° C. ° C, and at several points across the width of the strip so as to detect these strong variations in temperature.
  • the temperature of the cooling liquid is increased by the operator in the zone concerned so as to push back rewetting in the following zone.
  • the operator can also increase the temperature of the cooling water in the following zone or zones in advance to delay the start of rewetting by the same amount.
  • the temperature rise to be applied will have been defined beforehand during the commissioning tests, for example 5 ° C. It can also be adjusted by the operator.
  • the increase in the temperature of the coolant in one zone may be accompanied by another adjustment of the spraying parameters so as to maintain the target temperature slope on the strip without reducing the speed of the line.
  • the cooling water flow can be increased in this area.
  • the increase in the water flow can be carried out automatically by the control and command system of the line so as to reach the belt temperature setpoint at the outlet of the cooling zone. Again, the optimum settings will have been defined when the line is commissioned or by self-learning during operation.
  • the adjustment of the speed and of the diameter of the drops can be carried out by a mechanical change of the nozzle at the level of the orifice for spraying the liquid.
  • the temperature of the coolant and the spraying parameters which are the speed and the diameter of the drops in the zone where rewetting could occur, or where it occurs, resulting in of the local disappearance of the vapor film so as to remain or to return to a vapor film cooling on the surface of the strip.
  • the main parameter for cooling control is the water flow density, expressed in kg / m 2 / s.
  • the gas flow naturally adapts to the water flow.
  • the gas flow rate remains constant.
  • Fig. 1 is a diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a coolant supply assembly A according to the invention for a DI ... DIII unit ( Fig. 2 ) spraying liquid onto a band B, scrolling vertically downwards, to be cooled.
  • a set A is associated with each DI ... DIII unit,
  • the set A provides flow and temperature control of the cooling water.
  • the configuration of A comprises two separate circuits for supplying cold water 1 and hot water 2, each equipped with a regulating valve CV1, CV2, respectively, and connected to the same outlet pipe 3.
  • a flow controller CD of the mixture is provided on line 3 as well as a temperature controller TE for the mixture.
  • a regulator R adjusts the proportion of cold water and hot water flow rates so as to obtain the target overall flow of liquid at the desired temperature, for each spray unit, also called the DI cooling unit. , DII, DIII ( Fig. 2 ).
  • the drops of liquid sprayed by each cooling unit are represented as a whole according to a prismatic sheet, the base of which is located on the strip B, while the opposite edge corresponds to the liquid outlet nozzles of the cooling unit.
  • Controlling the temperature of the sprayed water and / or controlling the spraying parameters according to the invention constitute additional means for controlling the flow of sprayed water. These means provide more flexibility and greater homogeneity of the cooling.
  • the temperature of the cooling liquid and / or the spraying parameters are adjusted so that they are different between two successive cooling units DI, DII, DIII (Fig) in the direction of travel of the strip,
  • the device according to the invention makes it possible to control the temperature of the sprayed water and / or the spray parameters over the length of the cooling section by fractionation along the length in zones I, II, III ( Fig. 2 ) cooling.
  • a cooling unit is provided on each side of the strip, respectively DI, D'I, .., DIII, D'III.
  • Each cooling unit has a device for adjusting the temperature of the liquid and / or the nozzle of the ejector which is separate from that of the other zones.
  • the device according to the invention also makes it possible to control the temperature of the water sprayed over the width of the cooling section by fractionation, illustrated in Fig. 3 , across the width in fractional cooling units DIa, DIb, ... DIe, each having a liquid temperature adjustment member distinct from that of the other zones.
  • the temperature adjustment member constituting the assembly A, is a hot water - cold water mixing valve supplied with a hot water network and a cold water network. According to the temperature setpoint, the mixing valve adjusts the proportion of cold water and hot water flow rates.
  • the temperature adjustment member is a heat exchanger between the cooling liquid and another fluid, for example air or water.
  • the temperature of the sprayed water and / or the spraying parameters in the transverse direction in order to act on the thermal homogeneity over the width of the strip.
  • the temperature of the coolant and / or the spraying parameters are adjusted over the width of the strip, for example for a constant flow of liquid, so as to maintain a film of vapor over the entire width of the strip and control the heat exchange level.
  • Fig. 3 is a diagram of an exemplary embodiment according to the invention of this transverse regulation of the temperature of the coolant, with 5 separate cooling units over the bandwidth,
  • the invention also relates to a method of cooling such that the cooling curve is that aimed at each point of the width of the strip along the cooling section.
  • Adjusting the water temperature also limits the risk of the formation of cool buckles at the start of cooling. This risk may result from a major break in the slope in the path. of the strip when passing from the heating section, or the temperature maintaining section, to the rapid cooling section.
  • the patent FR 2802552 (or the patent US 6464808 ) describes this problem in more detail.
  • the invention makes it possible to limit the initial cooling of the strip and therefore limits the risk of the formation of folds (cool buckle) due to less break in slope,
  • the invention thus also relates to a method for controlling the cooling of a moving metal strip in a continuous treatment line by spraying onto the strip a liquid or a mixture consisting of a gas and a liquid with a liquid temperature adjusted at the start of cooling so as to limit the variation in the temperature slope resulting from the cooling with respect to the heating or to the previous maintenance.
  • the combined adjustment of the temperature and the flow rate of the coolant makes it possible to modulate the heat flow extracted from the belt.
  • the temperature and the flow rate of the coolant are adjusted over the width and length of the belt, so as to increase the flexibility of the installation by benefiting from a greater range of adjustment of the cooling speed of the belt. bandaged.
  • the cooling units are divided according to the width (indices in letters a, ... e) and according to the length (indices in Roman numerals I, II, III) in elementary units DIa, ... DIIIe.
  • control of the temperature profile over the width of the strip resulting from the adjustment of the cooling capacity over the width of the strip makes it possible to improve the guiding of the strip on the transport rollers by the obtaining long or short edges in relation to the center of the strip.
  • control of the temperature profile over the width of the strip resulting from the adjustment of the cooling capacity over the strip width makes it possible to improve the flatness of the strip by controlling the length of the edges relative to the center of the strip. bandaged.
  • control of the temperature profile over the width of the strip resulting from the adjustment of the cooling capacity over the strip width improves the stability of the strip by controlling the length of the edges relative to the center of the strip. bandaged.
  • the adjustment of the cooling capacity over the length of the cooling section and over the width of the strip is carried out in real time by a monitoring and control system (not shown) of the line by means of a computer based on mathematical models taking into account the evolution of heat exchanges between the strip and its environment in the cooling section and in the section located downstream thereof,
  • the computer controls the control valves CV1, CV2 of the various sets A.
  • the invention also consists in splitting into a plurality of units of the cooling device in the width direction and in the length direction of the strip, illustrated in Fig. 4 .
  • Each unit is equipped with the necessary equipment to vary the temperature and flow rate of the coolant, and / or the spray parameters, independently of the other units.
  • the size of the DI ... DIII cooling units may be different along the cooling section with a smaller size in the portion of the cooling section where the heating phenomenon can become unstable so as to better control the phenomenon.
  • the length of the cooling units may be shorter in the direction of travel of the strip.
  • the width of the cooling units can also be reduced in the direction of the bandwidth.
  • each unit may be equipped with two control members making it possible to vary the gas flow rate and the liquid flow rate.
  • Each unit can also be equipped with a device making it possible to vary the temperature of the gas, the liquid or the mixture made up of the gas and the liquid so as to influence the heating phenomenon and to vary the cooling capacity.
  • This variation in the temperature of the cooling means may be carried out for a constant flow rate of the cooling means or combined with a variation in the flow rate of the cooling means so as to increase the flexibility of regulation of the installation.
  • the production capacity of a continuous line varies greatly according to the format of the strip, in particular its thickness, and according to the thermal cycle.
  • the invention also consists in varying the temperature of the cooling liquid so as to limit the amplitude of variation of the water flow.
  • cold water will be sprayed so as to limit the water flow but for low productions, small thicknesses for example, we will spray the water a little warmer to raise the necessary water flow a little.
  • the invention thus also relates to a method for controlling the cooling of a moving metal strip in a continuous treatment line by spraying onto the strip a liquid or a mixture consisting of a gas and a liquid. with a liquid temperature adjusted according to the targeted cooling capacity so as to limit variations in the flow rate of the cooling liquid.

Description

La présente invention concerne des perfectionnements apportés aux sections de refroidissement des lignes de traitement en continu de bandes métalliques, notamment de recuit, de galvanisation ou de fer blanc.The present invention relates to improvements made to the cooling sections of lines for the continuous treatment of metal strips, in particular for annealing, galvanizing or tinplate.

Une ligne de traitement en continu de bandes métalliques est composée d'une succession de sections de traitement thermique, notamment de chauffage, de maintien en température, de refroidissement, de vieillissement, etc...A continuous treatment line for metal strips is made up of a succession of heat treatment sections, in particular heating, temperature maintenance, cooling, aging, etc.

La présente invention concerne les sections de refroidissement des lignes de traitement en continu et plus particulièrement les sections de refroidissement rapide avec projection d'un liquide sur la bande.The present invention relates to the cooling sections of continuous treatment lines and more particularly to the rapid cooling sections with projection of a liquid onto the strip.

Le refroidissement en continue contrôlé suivant la largeur ou la longueur est déjà connu et il est divulgué dans les documents JP 57041317 A , EP 0 614992 A1 ou JP 2004130353 A . Le liquide de refroidissement est généralement de l'eau, pouvant être préalablement traitée, par exemple pour en extraire l'oxygène dissous ou les sels minéraux, et pouvant contenir des additifs pour améliorer l'échange thermique ou limiter l'oxydation de la bande.Continuous cooling controlled according to the width or the length is already known and it is disclosed in the documents JP 57041317 A , EP 0 614992 A1 or JP 2004 130 353 A . The cooling liquid is generally water, which can be treated beforehand, for example to extract dissolved oxygen or mineral salts therefrom, and which can contain additives to improve heat exchange or limit oxidation of the strip.

Le refroidissement par eau permet d'obtenir des pentes de refroidissement très importantes, au-delà de celles pouvant être obtenues avec un refroidissement gazeux.Water cooling makes it possible to obtain very steep cooling slopes, beyond those which can be obtained with gas cooling.

Le refroidissement de la bande peut également être obtenu par la projection sur la bande d'un mélange constitué d'un gaz et d'un liquide. Dans ce cas, le gaz est généralement présent comme gaz porteur pour réaliser la pulvérisation et la projection du liquide sur la bande. Le gaz mis en œuvre est le plus souvent de l'azote mais peut également être composé d'un mélange d'azote et d'hydrogène, ou tout autre gaz,The cooling of the strip can also be obtained by spraying on the strip a mixture consisting of a gas and a liquid. In this case, the gas is generally present as a carrier gas to carry out the atomization and the projection of the liquid on the strip. The gas used is most often nitrogen but can also be composed of a mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen, or any other gas,

Le liquide peut être projeté sous la forme d'un brouillard ou pulvérisé avec des gouttes de taille plus importante ou sous la forme d'un liquide continu.The liquid can be sprayed as a mist or sprayed with larger droplets or as a continuous liquid.

Selon le cycle thermique réalisé, le refroidissement de la bande peut débuter alors que celle-ci est à une température élevée, par exemple 750°C. Lorsque la bande se trouve à une température très supérieure à la température d'ébullition du liquide de refroidissement, on se trouve en situation d'ébullition en film, « film boiling » en anglais, ou film de vapeur. Il s'agit du phénomène de caléfaction. La couche de vapeur fait un peu barrage au transfert thermique entre la bande et l'eau, diminuant ainsi l'efficacité du refroidissement à l'eau.Depending on the thermal cycle carried out, the cooling of the strip can begin while the latter is at a high temperature, for example 750 ° C. When the strip is at a temperature much higher than the boiling temperature of the coolant, there is a film boiling situation, or “film boiling” in English, or film of vapor. This is the phenomenon of calefaction. The vapor layer acts as a barrier to heat transfer between the strip and the water, thus reducing the efficiency of the water cooling.

Pour l'exemple de l'eau, la température d'ébullition est voisine de 100°C. Elle peut varier de quelques degrés selon la composition de l'eau et sa teneur en éléments d'addition,For the example of water, the boiling point is close to 100 ° C. It can vary by a few degrees depending on the composition of the water and its content of addition elements,

Au final, dans la situation de film de vapeur (film boiling), le problème peut se réduire à un refroidissement d'une paroi fictive à 100°C avec de l'eau. La température de l'eau pulvérisée est alors un paramètre de premier ordre pour le contrôle de l'intensité du refroidissement, φ = h (100°C - Teau°C).Ultimately, in the film boiling situation, the problem can be reduced to cooling a fictitious wall to 100 ° C with water. The temperature of the sprayed water is then a first-order parameter for controlling the intensity of the cooling, φ = h (100 ° C - Teau ° C).

Concernant le phénomène de caléfaction, il y a une température critique de la bande, appelée « température de Lindenfrost ». Pour une température supérieure à cette température critique, le refroidissement se fait en film de vapeur, donc le refroidissement est peu efficace, mais relativement très homogène. Pour une valeur de température inférieure mais proche de la température critique, l'efficacité du refroidissement est nettement meilleure mais plutôt chaotique, Dans ce cas, il y a localement disparition de la couche de vapeur, on parle alors de « remouillage », avec une très forte augmentation du transfert de chaleur. Il en résulte un grand gradient de température sur la largeur de bande pouvant être à l'origine de déformations plastiques de la bande, par exemple apparition de plis, ou d'une hétérogénéité de propriétés mécaniques sur la largeur de bande.Regarding the phenomenon of calefaction, there is a critical temperature of the strip, called “Lindenfrost temperature”. For a temperature above this critical temperature, the cooling takes place in a vapor film, so the cooling is inefficient, but relatively very homogeneous. For a temperature value lower but close to the critical temperature, the cooling efficiency is clearly better but rather chaotic. In this case, there is locally disappearance of the vapor layer, one then speaks of “rewetting”, with a very strong increase in heat transfer. This results in a large temperature gradient over the width of the strip which may be the cause of plastic deformations of the strip, for example the appearance of folds, or of a heterogeneity of mechanical properties over the width of the strip.

Cette température critique dépend de nombreux paramètres, entre autres des caractéristiques de la pulvérisation, de la température du liquide pulvérisé ou de la nature et de la température de la surface refroidie.This critical temperature depends on many parameters, including the characteristics of the spraying, the temperature of the sprayed liquid or the nature and temperature of the cooled surface.

On considère principalement l'effet sur cette température de la température du liquide de refroidissement et des paramètres de pulvérisation que sont la vitesse et le diamètre des gouttes.We mainly consider the effect on this temperature of the temperature of the cooling liquid and of the spraying parameters which are the speed and the diameter of the drops.

L'invention a pour but, surtout, d'assurer un refroidissement homogène de la bande métallique, notamment pour éviter la formation de plis ou des différences sensibles de caractéristiques mécaniques suivant la largeur et/ou la longueur.The object of the invention is above all to ensure uniform cooling of the metal strip, in particular to avoid the formation of folds or appreciable differences in mechanical characteristics depending on the width and / or the length.

Dans l'art de contrôle du refroidissement en continu on utilise souvent la principe Lindenfrost comme divulguent les documents JP 63125622 A , JP 58071339 A , EP 2072157 A1 , ou JP 2004 331992 A . L'invention définie selon la revendication 1, concerne un procédé de contrôle du refroidissement d'une bande métallique en défilement dans une section de refroidissement d'une ligne de traitement en continu par projection sur la bande d'un liquide ou d'un mélange constitué d'un gaz et d'un liquide, le refroidissement dépendant de paramètres comprenant la température, la vitesse, les caractéristiques du courant de fluide de refroidissement, est caractérisé en ce que :

  • on détermine une ou des zones dans lesquelles les paramètres du refroidissement sont tels que pourrait se produire, ou se produit, la disparition locale d'un film de vapeur à la surface de la bande chaude, entraînant un remouillage de la bande,
  • et on ajuste, comme paramètre de refroidissement dans la ou les zones ainsi déterminées, au moins la température du liquide de refroidissement, laquelle température est augmentée dans la zone où pourrait se produire un remouillage, ou où celui-ci se produit, afin de maintenir, ou de revenir à, un refroidissement en film de vapeur à la surface de la bande, résultant du phénomène de caléfaction du liquide de refroidissement au contact de la bande chaude.
In the art of continuous cooling control the Lindenfrost principle is often used as disclosed in the documents. JP 63125622 A , JP 58071339 A , EP 2072157 A1 , or JP 2004 331992 A . The invention defined according to claim 1, relates to a method of controlling the cooling of a moving metal strip in a cooling section of a continuous treatment line by spraying a liquid or a mixture onto the strip. consisting of a gas and a liquid, the cooling depending on parameters including the temperature, the speed, the characteristics of the coolant stream, is characterized in that:
  • one or more zones are determined in which the cooling parameters are such that the local disappearance of a film of vapor at the surface of the hot strip could occur, or occur, resulting in rewetting of the strip,
  • and adjusting, as a cooling parameter in the zone or zones thus determined, at least the temperature of the cooling liquid. cooling, which temperature is increased in the area where rewetting could occur, or where rewetting occurs, in order to maintain, or return to, a vapor film cooling at the surface of the strip, resulting from the phenomenon of heating of the coolant in contact with the hot strip.

L'invention est ainsi en premier lieu un procédé de contrôle du refroidissement d'une bande métallique en défilement dans une ligne de traitement en continu par projection sur la bande d'un liquide ou d'un mélange constitué d'un gaz et d'un liquide de sorte de maintenir un refroidissement dit « en film de vapeur » à la surface de la bande résultant du phénomène de caléfaction du liquide de refroidissement au contact d'une bande chaude, consistant à augmenter la température du liquide de refroidissement dans la zone où pourrait se produire un remouillage, ou ou celui-ci se produit, résultant de la disparition locale du film de vapeur, de sorte de rester ou de revenir à un refroidissement en film de vapeur à la surface de la bande.The invention is thus firstly a method of controlling the cooling of a moving metal strip in a continuous treatment line by spraying onto the strip a liquid or a mixture consisting of a gas and a liquid so as to maintain a so-called “vapor film” cooling at the surface of the strip resulting from the phenomenon of heating of the cooling liquid in contact with a hot strip, consisting in increasing the temperature of the cooling liquid in the zone where rewetting could occur, or where it occurs, resulting from the local disappearance of the vapor film, so as to remain or return to cooling in vapor film on the surface of the strip.

Avantageusement, un autre paramètre de refroidissement ajusté est constitué par un paramètre de pulvérisation formé par la vitesse et/ou le diamètre des gouttes de liquide de refroidissement dans la ou les zones concernées.Advantageously, another adjusted cooling parameter consists of a spraying parameter formed by the speed and / or the diameter of the drops of cooling liquid in the zone or zones concerned.

Lorsque le procédé de refroidissement fait intervenir une section de refroidissement avec plusieurs unités de refroidissement successives selon le sens de défilement de la bande, la température du liquide de refroidissement peut être ajustée de sorte qu'elle soit différente entre deux unités de refroidissement successives de la section de refroidissement.When the cooling process involves a cooling section with several successive cooling units according to the direction of travel of the strip, the temperature of the cooling liquid can be adjusted so that it is different between two successive cooling units of the strip. cooling section.

On peut effectuer un ajustement combiné de la température et du débit du liquide de refroidissement afin de permettre de moduler le flux thermique extrait de la bande.A combined adjustment of the temperature and the flow rate of the coolant can be carried out in order to allow modulating the heat flow extracted from the strip.

La température du liquide de refroidissement est ajustée sur la largeur de la bande. Plusieurs unités de projection du fluide de refroidissement peuvent être réparties suivant la largeur de la bande, et la température et le débit du liquide de refroidissement pour chaque unité de projection sont ajustés sur la largeur de la bande.The temperature of the coolant is adjusted across the width of the belt. Several coolant spray units can be distributed across the width of the strip, and the temperature and coolant flow rate for each spray unit are adjusted across the width of the strip.

La température du liquide peut être ajustée en début de refroidissement de sorte de limiter la variation de la pente de température résultant du refroidissement par rapport au chauffage ou par rapport au maintien en température précédent.The temperature of the liquid can be adjusted at the start of cooling so as to limit the variation in the temperature slope resulting from the cooling compared to the heating or compared to the previous temperature maintenance.

La température du liquide peut être ajustée selon la capacité de refroidissement visée de sorte de limiter les variations de débit du liquide de refroidissement.The temperature of the liquid can be adjusted according to the target cooling capacity so as to limit variations in the flow rate of the coolant.

Avantageusement, pour déterminer une ou des zones de section de refroidissement dans lesquelles les paramètres du refroidissement sont tels que pourrait se produire, ou se produit, la disparition locale d'un film de vapeur à la surface de la bande chaude, entraînant un remouillage de la bande, au cours d'essais préalables,

  • on fait varier les conditions opératoires
  • on observe quand se produit le remouillage de la bande et dans quelle zone de la section de refroidissement,
  • et, toutes les autres conditions opératoires étant fixées, on assure l'élévation progressive de la température du liquide de la zone où se produit le remouillage afin de permettre de définir la température de liquide requise pour supprimer le remouillage et revenir a une situation de film de vapeur dans la zone étudiée.
Advantageously, to determine one or more zones of the cooling section in which the cooling parameters are such that the local disappearance of a film of vapor on the surface of the hot strip could occur, or does occur, resulting in rewetting of the band, during preliminary tests,
  • we vary the operating conditions
  • we observe when the rewetting of the strip occurs and in which zone of the cooling section,
  • and, all the other operating conditions being fixed, the temperature of the liquid is gradually raised in the zone where the rewetting occurs in order to make it possible to define the liquid temperature required to eliminate the rewet and return to a film situation. of steam in the study area.

On peut reproduire les essais dans une zone suivante dans le sens de défilement de la bande de sorte de rester en film de vapeur dans toute la section de refroidissement, ou lorsque cela n'est pas possible, repousser à une plus basse température le début du remouillage.The tests can be repeated in a subsequent zone in the direction of travel of the strip so as to remain in a film of vapor throughout the cooling section, or when this is not possible, to postpone the start of the process to a lower temperature. rewetting.

Avantageusement, pour définir le moment où se produit le remouillage et la zone dans laquelle celui-ci se produit, on détermine l'apparition d'une forte augmentation du gradient de température transversal de la bande et d'une nette rupture de pente de refroidissement résultant du refroidissement plus intense en l'absence de film de vapeur, à l'aide de dispositifs de mesures de température de la bande dans les zones où le remouillage est susceptible de se produire.Advantageously, to define the moment when rewetting occurs and the zone in which it occurs, the appearance of a sharp increase in the transverse temperature gradient of the strip and of a clear break in the cooling slope is determined. resulting from more intense cooling in the absence of a vapor film, using devices for measuring the temperature of the strip in areas where rewetting is likely to occur.

De préférence, les essais portent dans une zone située sur la longueur de brin de la bande métallique où la température de la bande est comprise entre 450°C et 250°C, et en plusieurs points sur la largeur de la bande de sorte de déceler des fortes variations de température.Preferably, the tests relate to an area located along the length of the strand of the metal strip where the temperature of the strip is between 450 ° C and 250 ° C, and at several points over the width of the strip so as to detect strong variations in temperature.

L'invention selon la revendication 12 est également relative à une section de refroidissement d'une ligne de traitement en continu pour la mise en œuvre du procédé défini précédemment, laquelle section comporte des unités de projection sur une bande métallique d'un liquide ou d'un mélange constitué d'un gaz et d'un liquide, et est caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte pour au moins une unité de projection de liquide de refroidissement sur la bande, un ensemble d'alimentation en liquide de refroidissement comprenant deux circuits distincts d'alimentation en eau froide et en eau chaude, chacun étant équipé d'une vanne de régulation et relié à une même conduite de sortie, un contrôleur de débit du mélange étant prévu sur la conduite de sortie ainsi qu'un contrôleur de température du mélange.The invention according to claim 12 also relates to a cooling section of a continuous treatment line for implementing the method defined above, which section comprises units for spraying a liquid or dye onto a metal strip. 'a mixture consisting of a gas and a liquid, and is characterized in that it comprises for at least one unit for spraying cooling liquid onto the strip, a cooling liquid supply assembly comprising two circuits distinct cold and hot water supply, each equipped with a control valve and connected to the same outlet pipe, a mixture flow controller being provided on the outlet pipe as well as a temperature controller of the mixed.

L'ensemble d'alimentation peut comporter un régulateur permettant d'ajuster la proportion des débits d'eau froide et d'eau chaude de sorte d'obtenir le débit global visé de liquide à la température souhaitée, et ce pour chaque dispositif de projection.The supply assembly may include a regulator making it possible to adjust the proportion of the cold water and hot water flow rates so as to obtain the target overall flow rate of liquid at the desired temperature, for each spraying device. .

Selon l'invention, la température du liquide de refroidissement peut être réglée en fonction du flux thermique souhaité et en fonction de la température de la bande.According to the invention, the temperature of the coolant can be adjusted as a function of the desired heat flow and as a function of the temperature of the strip.

Ainsi, juste après le début du refroidissement, avec par exemple une température de bande de 700°C, on va pulvériser de l'eau froide, voir proche de 0°C, mais lorsque la bande atteint des températures plus basses, par exemple 450°C, l'eau doit être plus chaude pour garder la situation de film de vapeur (film boiling).Thus, just after the start of cooling, with for example a strip temperature of 700 ° C, we will spray cold water, see close to 0 ° C, but when the strip reaches lower temperatures, for example 450 ° C, the water should be hotter to keep the steam film situation (film boiling).

Avec de l'eau plus chaude en fin de refroidissement (par exemple 35°C au début du refroidissement et 80°C en fin de refroidissement), l'invention permet de garder la maîtrise sur le refroidissement en restant plus longtemps en film de vapeur. Ce contrôle de la température de l'eau éventuellement combiné à un ajustement du débit d'eau sur la largeur de bande permet d'obtenir une température de bande homogène sur sa largeur.With hotter water at the end of cooling (for example 35 ° C at the start of cooling and 80 ° C at the end of cooling), the invention makes it possible to maintain control over cooling by remaining in a film of vapor for longer. . This control of the water temperature, possibly combined with an adjustment of the water flow rate over the bandwidth, makes it possible to obtain a uniform band temperature over its width.

La détermination par le calcul de la température de Lindenfrost est très difficile car de nombreux paramètres influent sur celle-ci. Les paramètres de pulvérisation sont très importants. Ainsi, la taille des gouttes, la distance entre les gouttes, la vitesse des gouttes, la température de pulvérisation du liquide, la proportion et la température du gaz de pulvérisation influent sur la température de Lindenfrost. La bande influe également sur celle-ci, selon sa température, la rugosité de sa surface, son émissivité. Le flux de chaleur échangé par la bande est également déterminant. La température de Lindenfrost va en fait dépendre de la vitesse à laquelle la goutte de liquide va atteindre sa température vaporisation. Plus celle-ci sera rapide et plus la température de Lindenfrost sera réduite.The determination by calculation of the Lindenfrost temperature is very difficult because many parameters influence it. Spray parameters are very important. Thus, the size of the drops, the distance between the drops, the speed of the drops, the spray temperature of the liquid, the proportion and the temperature of the spray gas all influence the Lindenfrost temperature. The strip also influences the latter, depending on its temperature, the roughness of its surface, its emissivity. The heat flow exchanged by the belt is also decisive. The Lindenfrost temperature will actually depend on the speed at which the drop of liquid will reach its vaporization temperature. The faster it is, the lower the Lindenfrost temperature will be.

En raison de la complexité du phénomène, la détermination de la température critique, ou de Lindenfrost, est principalement expérimentale, idéalement directement sur l'installation lors de sa mise en service.Due to the complexity of the phenomenon, the determination of the critical temperature, or Lindenfrost, is mainly experimental, ideally directly on the installation during its commissioning.

Lors des essais, différents moyens sont possibles pour définir le moment où se produit le remouillage et la zone dans laquelle celui-ci se produit. L'apparition du remouillage conduit à une forte augmentation du gradient de température transversal de la bande et à une nette rupture de pente de refroidissement résultant du refroidissement plus intense en l'absence de film de vapeur. La méthode la plus simple consiste à placer des dispositifs de mesures de température de la bande dans les zones où le remouillage est susceptible de se produire, par exemple sur la longueur de brin où la température de la bande est comprise entre 450°C et 250°C, et en plusieurs points sur la largeur de la bande de sorte de déceler ces fortes variations de température.During the tests, various means are possible to define the moment when rewetting occurs and the zone in which it occurs. The appearance of rewetting leads to a sharp increase in the transverse temperature gradient of the strip and to a clear break in the cooling slope resulting from more intense cooling in the absence of a vapor film. The simplest method is to place web temperature measuring devices in areas where rewetting is likely to occur, for example along the length of the strand where the web temperature is between 450 ° C and 250 ° C. ° C, and at several points across the width of the strip so as to detect these strong variations in temperature.

Ces essais permettent de créer des tables précisant, pour chaque cas de production de la ligne, la température du liquide de refroidissement requise dans chaque zone pour éviter ou retarder le remouillage de la bande.These tests make it possible to create tables specifying, for each case of production of the line, the temperature of the coolant required in each zone to avoid or delay rewetting of the strip.

Ces tables sont ensuite intégrées au système de contrôle et de commande de l'installation de sorte de prendre en compte automatiquement pour chaque zone la bonne consigne de température du liquide de refroidissement selon le cas de production de la ligne.These tables are then integrated into the control and command system of the installation so as to automatically take into account for each zone the correct coolant temperature setpoint depending on the production case of the line.

Comme exposé précédemment, le nombre important de paramètres influents sur le remouillage de la bande fait qu'il arrive que celui-ci se produise en production normale de la ligne dans une zone où il n'était pas attendu. Selon l'invention, la température du liquide de refroidissement est augmentée par l'opérateur dans la zone concernée de sorte de repousser le remouillage dans la zone suivante. Selon la zone où s'est produit ce remouillage, l'opérateur pourra par anticipation également augmenter la température de l'eau de refroidissement dans la ou les zones suivantes pour repousser d'autant le début du remouillage. L'élévation de température à appliquer aura été définie au préalable lors des essais de mise en service, par exemple de 5°C. Elle peut également être ajustée par l'opérateur.As explained above, the large number of parameters influencing the rewetting of the strip means that this happens in normal production of the line in an area where it was not expected. According to the invention, the temperature of the cooling liquid is increased by the operator in the zone concerned so as to push back rewetting in the following zone. Depending on the zone where this rewetting has taken place, the operator can also increase the temperature of the cooling water in the following zone or zones in advance to delay the start of rewetting by the same amount. The temperature rise to be applied will have been defined beforehand during the commissioning tests, for example 5 ° C. It can also be adjusted by the operator.

L'augmentation de la température du liquide de refroidissement dans une zone pourra être accompagnée d'un autre ajustement des paramètres de pulvérisation de sorte de maintenir la pente de température visée sur la bande sans réduire la vitesse de la ligne. Par exemple, le débit d'eau de refroidissement pourra être augmenté dans cette zone. L'augmentation du débit d'eau pourra être réalisée automatiquement par le système de contrôle et de commande de la ligne de sorte d'atteindre la consigne de température de bande en sortie de la zone de refroidissement, A nouveau, les réglages optimums auront été définis lors de la mise en service de la ligne ou par auto-apprentissage lors de l'exploitation de celle-ci.The increase in the temperature of the coolant in one zone may be accompanied by another adjustment of the spraying parameters so as to maintain the target temperature slope on the strip without reducing the speed of the line. For example, the cooling water flow can be increased in this area. The increase in the water flow can be carried out automatically by the control and command system of the line so as to reach the belt temperature setpoint at the outlet of the cooling zone. Again, the optimum settings will have been defined when the line is commissioned or by self-learning during operation.

La description de l'invention qui précède correspond à l'ajustement de la température du liquide de refroidissement pour rester en mode de film de vapeur. Un autre moyen pour obtenir ce résultat, à température de liquide constante, consiste à modifier la taille des gouttes et la vitesse à laquelle elles arrivent sur la bande.The foregoing description of the invention corresponds to adjusting the temperature of the coolant to remain in vapor film mode. Another way to obtain this result, at constant liquid temperature, consists in modifying the size of the drops and the speed at which they arrive on the strip.

Dans le cas de la pulvérisation du liquide de refroidissement avec un gaz, l'ajustement de la vitesse et du diamètre des gouttes sera réalisé par un changement de la proportion du gaz.In the case of spraying the coolant with a gas, the adjustment of the speed and the diameter of the drops will be carried out by changing the proportion of the gas.

Dans le cas d'une pulvérisation du liquide sans gaz, l'ajustement de la vitesse et du diamètre des gouttes pourra être réalisé par un changement mécanique de l'ajutage au niveau de l'orifice de pulvérisation du liquide.In the case of spraying the liquid without gas, the adjustment of the speed and of the diameter of the drops can be carried out by a mechanical change of the nozzle at the level of the orifice for spraying the liquid.

Le même mode opératoire que celui décrit précédemment pour optimiser la température du liquide de refroidissement est mis en œuvre pour déterminer, expérimentalement par des essais, les paramètres de pulvérisation.The same operating mode as that described above for optimizing the temperature of the coolant is implemented to determine, experimentally by tests, the spraying parameters.

On comprend aisément qu'il est possible de combiner une variation de température du liquide de refroidissement et des paramètres de pulvérisation pour rester en mode de film de vapeur.It is easily understood that it is possible to combine a variation in the temperature of the coolant and the spraying parameters to remain in vapor film mode.

Selon le procédé de l'invention, on peut ajuster la température du liquide de refroidissement et les paramètres de pulvérisation que sont la vitesse et le diamètre des gouttes dans la zone où pourrait se produire un remouillage, ou où celui-ci se produit, résultant de la disparition locale du film de vapeur de sorte de rester ou de revenir à un refroidissement en film de vapeur à la surface de la bande.According to the method of the invention, it is possible to adjust the temperature of the coolant and the spraying parameters which are the speed and the diameter of the drops in the zone where rewetting could occur, or where it occurs, resulting in of the local disappearance of the vapor film so as to remain or to return to a vapor film cooling on the surface of the strip.

En général sur les installations de refroidissement par projection d'eau, le principal paramètre pour le contrôle du refroidissement est la densité de débit d'eau, exprimée en kg/m2/s, Lorsqu'un gaz est utilisé comme moyen de projection, la régulation sur le débit de gaz n'est pas indispensable. Selon le dispositif de projection, le débit de gaz s'adapte naturellement au débit d'eau. Selon un autre exemple, le débit de gaz reste constant.In general on water spray cooling installations, the main parameter for cooling control is the water flow density, expressed in kg / m 2 / s, When a gas is used as a means of spraying, regulation of the gas flow is not essential. Depending on the projection device, the gas flow naturally adapts to the water flow. According to another example, the gas flow rate remains constant.

L'invention consiste, mises à part les dispositions exposées ci-dessus, en un certain nombre d'autres dispositions dont il sera plus explicitement question ci-après à propos d'exemples de réalisation décrits avec référence aux dessins annexés, mais qui ne sont nullement limitatifs. Sur ces dessins :

  • Fig.1 est un schéma d'une configuration selon l'invention pour alimenter une unité de projection de liquide de refroidissement
  • Fig.2 est un schéma en perspective en élévation d'une section de refroidissement selon l'invention,
  • Fig.3 est un schéma, semblable à Fig.2, d'une variante de réalisation avec des unités de refroidissement fractionnées selon la largeur de bande,
  • Fig.4 est un schéma, semblable à Fig.3, d'une variante de réalisation avec des unités de refroidissement fractionnées selon la largeur et la longueur de bande,
  • Fig.5 est une coupe schématique verticale d'un exemple de section de refroidissement.
The invention consists, apart from the arrangements set out above, of a certain number of other arrangements which will be dealt with more explicitly below with regard to exemplary embodiments described with reference to the accompanying drawings, but which are not in no way limiting. On these drawings:
  • Fig. 1 is a diagram of a configuration according to the invention for supplying a cooling liquid projection unit
  • Fig. 2 is a perspective elevational diagram of a cooling section according to the invention,
  • Fig. 3 is a diagram, similar to Fig. 2 , of an alternative embodiment with cooling units fractionated according to the bandwidth,
  • Fig. 4 is a diagram, similar to Fig. 3 , of an alternative embodiment with cooling units fractionated according to the width and the length of the strip,
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic vertical section of an example of a cooling section.

Fig.1 est un schéma d'un exemple de réalisation d'un ensemble A d'alimentation en liquide de refroidissement selon l'invention pour une unité DI...DIII (Fig.2) de projection de liquide sur une bande B, défilant verticalement vers le bas, à refroidir. A chaque unité DI... DIII est associé un ensemble A, Fig. 1 is a diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a coolant supply assembly A according to the invention for a DI ... DIII unit ( Fig. 2 ) spraying liquid onto a band B, scrolling vertically downwards, to be cooled. A set A is associated with each DI ... DIII unit,

L'ensemble A assure un contrôle en débit et en température de l'eau de refroidissement. La configuration de A comprend deux circuits distincts d'alimentation en eau froide 1 et en eau chaude 2, chacun équipé d'une vanne de régulation respectivement CV1, CV2, et reliés à une même conduite de sortie 3. Un contrôleur de débit CD du mélange est prévu sur la conduite 3 ainsi qu'un contrôleur de température TE du mélange. Un régulateur R permet d'ajuster la proportion des débits d'eau froide et d'eau chaude de sorte d'obtenir le débit global visé de liquide à la température souhaitée, et ce pour chaque unité de projection, également appelée unité de refroidissement DI, DII, DIII (Fig.2).The set A provides flow and temperature control of the cooling water. The configuration of A comprises two separate circuits for supplying cold water 1 and hot water 2, each equipped with a regulating valve CV1, CV2, respectively, and connected to the same outlet pipe 3. A flow controller CD of the mixture is provided on line 3 as well as a temperature controller TE for the mixture. A regulator R adjusts the proportion of cold water and hot water flow rates so as to obtain the target overall flow of liquid at the desired temperature, for each spray unit, also called the DI cooling unit. , DII, DIII ( Fig. 2 ).

Sur les Fig.2 à 5, les gouttes de liquide pulvérisé par chaque unité de refroidissement sont représentées dans leur ensemble selon une nappe prismatique dont la base est située sur la bande B, tandis que l'arête opposée correspond aux ajutages de sortie de liquide de l'unité de refroidissement.On the Fig. 2 to 5 , the drops of liquid sprayed by each cooling unit are represented as a whole according to a prismatic sheet, the base of which is located on the strip B, while the opposite edge corresponds to the liquid outlet nozzles of the cooling unit.

Un contrôle de la température de l'eau pulvérisée et/ou un contrôle des paramètres de pulvérisation selon l'invention constituent des moyens supplémentaires au contrôle du débit d'eau pulvérisée. Ces moyens amènent plus de souplesse et une plus grande homogénéité du refroidissement.Controlling the temperature of the sprayed water and / or controlling the spraying parameters according to the invention constitute additional means for controlling the flow of sprayed water. These means provide more flexibility and greater homogeneity of the cooling.

Selon l'invention, la température du liquide de refroidissement et/ou les paramètres de pulvérisation sont ajustés de sorte qu'ils soient différents entre deux unités de refroidissement successives DI, DII, DIII (Fig) dans le sens de défilement de la bande,According to the invention, the temperature of the cooling liquid and / or the spraying parameters are adjusted so that they are different between two successive cooling units DI, DII, DIII (Fig) in the direction of travel of the strip,

Le dispositif selon l'invention permet de contrôler la température de l'eau pulvérisée et/ou les paramètres de pulvérisation sur la longueur de la section de refroidissement par un fractionnement sur la longueur en zones I, II, III (Fig.2) de refroidissement. Pour chaque zone, une unité de refroidissement est prévue de chaque côté de la bande, respectivement DI, D'I,..,DIII, D'III. Chaque unité de refroidissement dispose d'un organe de réglage de la température du liquide et/ou de l'ajutage de l'éjecteur distinct de celui des autres zones.The device according to the invention makes it possible to control the temperature of the sprayed water and / or the spray parameters over the length of the cooling section by fractionation along the length in zones I, II, III ( Fig. 2 ) cooling. For each zone, a cooling unit is provided on each side of the strip, respectively DI, D'I, .., DIII, D'III. Each cooling unit has a device for adjusting the temperature of the liquid and / or the nozzle of the ejector which is separate from that of the other zones.

Le dispositif selon l'invention permet également de contrôler la température de l'eau pulvérisée sur la largeur de la section de refroidissement par un fractionnement, illustré sur Fig.3, sur la largeur en unités de refroidissement fractionnées DIa, DIb, ... DIe, chacune disposant d'un organe de réglage de la température du liquide distinct de celui des autres zones.The device according to the invention also makes it possible to control the temperature of the water sprayed over the width of the cooling section by fractionation, illustrated in Fig. 3 , across the width in fractional cooling units DIa, DIb, ... DIe, each having a liquid temperature adjustment member distinct from that of the other zones.

Selon un exemple de réalisation de l'invention, l'organe de réglage de la température, constituant l'ensemble A, est un mitigeur eau chaude - eau froide alimenté avec un réseau d'eau chaude et un réseau d'eau froide. Selon la consigne de température, le mitigeur ajuste la proportion des débits d'eau froide et d'eau chaude.According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the temperature adjustment member, constituting the assembly A, is a hot water - cold water mixing valve supplied with a hot water network and a cold water network. According to the temperature setpoint, the mixing valve adjusts the proportion of cold water and hot water flow rates.

Selon un autre exemple de réalisation de l'invention, l'organe de réglage de la température est un échangeur de chaleur entre le liquide de refroidissement et un autre fluide, par exemple de l'air ou de l'eau.According to another exemplary embodiment of the invention, the temperature adjustment member is a heat exchanger between the cooling liquid and another fluid, for example air or water.

Il est également possible de contrôler la température de l'eau pulvérisée et/ou les paramètres de pulvérisation dans le sens transversal pour agir sur l'homogénéité thermique sur la largeur de la bande. Ainsi, la température du liquide de refroidissement et/ou les paramètres de pulvérisation sont ajustés sur la largeur de la bande, par exemple pour un débit constant de liquide, de sorte de maintenir un film de vapeur sur toute la largeur de bande et contrôler le niveau d'échange thermique.It is also possible to control the temperature of the sprayed water and / or the spraying parameters in the transverse direction in order to act on the thermal homogeneity over the width of the strip. Thus, the temperature of the coolant and / or the spraying parameters are adjusted over the width of the strip, for example for a constant flow of liquid, so as to maintain a film of vapor over the entire width of the strip and control the heat exchange level.

Fig.3 est un schéma d'un exemple de réalisation selon l'invention de cette régulation transversale de la température du liquide de refroidissement, avec 5 unités de refroidissement distinctes sur la largeur de bande, Fig. 3 is a diagram of an exemplary embodiment according to the invention of this transverse regulation of the temperature of the coolant, with 5 separate cooling units over the bandwidth,

Comme le montre Fig.4, il est possible de mettre en œuvre cette régulation transversale de la température du liquide de refroidissement sur la longueur de bande de sorte d'obtenir davantage de souplesse de régulation par un ajustement des paramètres de refroidissement de la bande en tous points de la section de refroidissement.As shown Fig. 4 , it is possible to implement this transverse regulation of the temperature of the cooling liquid over the length of the strip so as to obtain more flexibility of regulation by adjusting the cooling parameters of the strip at all points of the cross section. cooling.

L'invention concerne également un procédé de refroidissement de sorte que la courbe de refroidissement soit celle visée en chaque point de la largeur de la bande le long de la section de refroidissement.The invention also relates to a method of cooling such that the cooling curve is that aimed at each point of the width of the strip along the cooling section.

L'ajustement de la température de l'eau permet également de limiter le risque de formation de plis (cool buckle) en début de refroidissement. Ce risque peut résulter d'une rupture de pente importante dans le chemin thermique de la bande lors du passage de la section de chauffage, ou de la section de maintien en température, à la section de refroidissement rapide. Le brevet FR 2802552 (ou le brevet US 6464808 ) décrit plus en détail cette problématique.Adjusting the water temperature also limits the risk of the formation of cool buckles at the start of cooling. This risk may result from a major break in the slope in the path. of the strip when passing from the heating section, or the temperature maintaining section, to the rapid cooling section. The patent FR 2802552 (or the patent US 6464808 ) describes this problem in more detail.

En augmentant la température de l'eau en tout début de refroidissement, par exemple à 80°C, l'invention permet de limiter le refroidissement initial de la bande et donc limite le risque de formation de plis (cool buckle) du fait d'une moindre rupture de pente,By increasing the temperature of the water at the very start of cooling, for example to 80 ° C., the invention makes it possible to limit the initial cooling of the strip and therefore limits the risk of the formation of folds (cool buckle) due to less break in slope,

L'invention est ainsi également relative à un procédé de contrôle du refroidissement d'une bande métallique en défilement dans une ligne de traitement en continu par projection sur la bande d'un liquide ou d'un mélange constitué d'un gaz et d'un liquide avec une température du liquide ajustée en début de refroidissement de sorte de limiter la variation de la pente de température résultant du refroidissement par rapport au chauffage ou au maintien précédent.The invention thus also relates to a method for controlling the cooling of a moving metal strip in a continuous treatment line by spraying onto the strip a liquid or a mixture consisting of a gas and a liquid with a liquid temperature adjusted at the start of cooling so as to limit the variation in the temperature slope resulting from the cooling with respect to the heating or to the previous maintenance.

Pour un même débit de liquide de refroidissement, l'augmentation de sa température selon l'invention, par exemple de 40°C à 60°C, va permettre de refroidir avec des flux plus faibles ce qui permettra de réaliser des cycles avec de plus faibles pentes de refroidissement permettant un gain en souplesse de la section de refroidissement.For the same coolant flow rate, increasing its temperature according to the invention, for example from 40 ° C to 60 ° C, will allow cooling with lower flows which will allow cycles to be carried out with more low cooling slopes allowing a gain in flexibility of the cooling section.

L'ajustement combiné de la température et du débit du liquide de refroidissement permet de moduler le flux thermique extrait de la bande.The combined adjustment of the temperature and the flow rate of the coolant makes it possible to modulate the heat flow extracted from the belt.

Selon l'invention, comme illustré sur Fig.4, la température et le débit du liquide de refroidissement sont ajustés sur la largeur et la longueur de la bande, de sorte d'augmenter la souplesse de l'installation en bénéficiant d'une plus grande plage de réglage de la vitesse de refroidissement de la bande. Les unités de refroidissement sont fractionnées suivant la largeur (indices en lettres a,...e) et suivant la longueur (indices en chiffres romains I, II, III) en unités élémentaires DIa,...DIIIe.According to the invention, as illustrated in Fig. 4 , the temperature and the flow rate of the coolant are adjusted over the width and length of the belt, so as to increase the flexibility of the installation by benefiting from a greater range of adjustment of the cooling speed of the belt. bandaged. The cooling units are divided according to the width (indices in letters a, ... e) and according to the length (indices in Roman numerals I, II, III) in elementary units DIa, ... DIIIe.

Egalement selon l'invention, le contrôle du profil de température sur la largeur de la bande résultant de l'ajustement de la capacité de refroidissement sur la largeur de bande permet d'améliorer le guidage de la bande sur les rouleaux de transport par l'obtention de rives longues ou courtes par rapport au centre de la bande.Also according to the invention, the control of the temperature profile over the width of the strip resulting from the adjustment of the cooling capacity over the width of the strip makes it possible to improve the guiding of the strip on the transport rollers by the obtaining long or short edges in relation to the center of the strip.

Le contrôle du profil de température sur la largeur de la bande résultant de l'ajustement de la capacité de refroidissement sur la largeur de bande permet d'améliorer la planéité de la bande par le contrôle de la longueur des rives par rapport au centre de la bande.The control of the temperature profile over the width of the strip resulting from the adjustment of the cooling capacity over the strip width makes it possible to improve the flatness of the strip by controlling the length of the edges relative to the center of the strip. bandaged.

Le contrôle du profil de température sur la largeur de la bande résultant de l'ajustement de la capacité de refroidissement sur la largeur de bande permet d'améliorer la stabilité de la bande par le contrôle de la longueur des rives par rapport au centre de la bande.The control of the temperature profile over the width of the strip resulting from the adjustment of the cooling capacity over the strip width improves the stability of the strip by controlling the length of the edges relative to the center of the strip. bandaged.

Avantageusement, l'ajustement de la capacité de refroidissement sur la longueur de la section de refroidissement et sur la largeur de la bande est réalisé en temps réel par un système de contrôle et de commande (non représenté) de la ligne au moyen d'un calculateur à partir de modèles mathématiques prenant en compte l'évolution des échanges thermiques entre la bande et son environnement dans la section de refroidissement et dans la section située en aval de celle-ci, Le calculateur commande les vannes de régulation CV1, CV2 des différents ensembles A.Advantageously, the adjustment of the cooling capacity over the length of the cooling section and over the width of the strip is carried out in real time by a monitoring and control system (not shown) of the line by means of a computer based on mathematical models taking into account the evolution of heat exchanges between the strip and its environment in the cooling section and in the section located downstream thereof, The computer controls the control valves CV1, CV2 of the various sets A.

L'invention consiste également en un fractionnement en une pluralité d'unités du dispositif de refroidissement dans le sens de la largeur et dans le sens de la longueur de la bande, illustré sur Fig.4. Chaque unité est équipée des équipements nécessaires pour faire varier la température et le débit du liquide de refroidissement, et/ou les paramètres de pulvérisation, indépendamment des autres unités.The invention also consists in splitting into a plurality of units of the cooling device in the width direction and in the length direction of the strip, illustrated in Fig. 4 . Each unit is equipped with the necessary equipment to vary the temperature and flow rate of the coolant, and / or the spray parameters, independently of the other units.

La taille des unités de refroidissement DI...DIII pourra être différente le long de la section de refroidissement avec une taille plus réduite dans la portion de la section de refroidissement où le phénomène de caléfaction peut devenir instable de sorte de mieux contrôler le phénomène. Dans cette portion, la longueur des unités de refroidissement pourra être plus faible dans le sens de défilement de la bande. La largeur des unités de refroidissement pourra également y être réduite dans le sens de la largeur de bande.The size of the DI ... DIII cooling units may be different along the cooling section with a smaller size in the portion of the cooling section where the heating phenomenon can become unstable so as to better control the phenomenon. In this portion, the length of the cooling units may be shorter in the direction of travel of the strip. The width of the cooling units can also be reduced in the direction of the bandwidth.

Dans le cas d'un refroidissement par un mélange constitué d'un gaz et d'un liquide, chaque unité pourra être équipée de deux organes de contrôle permettant de faire varier le débit de gaz et le débit du liquide.In the case of cooling by a mixture consisting of a gas and a liquid, each unit may be equipped with two control members making it possible to vary the gas flow rate and the liquid flow rate.

Chaque unité peut également être équipée d'un dispositif permettant de faire varier la température du gaz, du liquide ou du mélange constitué du gaz et du liquide de sorte d'influer sur le phénomène de caléfaction et de faire varier la capacité de refroidissement. Cette variation de la température du moyen de refroidissement pourra être réalisée pour un débit constant du moyen de refroidissement ou combinée à une variation du débit du moyen de refroidissement de sorte d'accroître la souplesse de régulation de l'installation.Each unit can also be equipped with a device making it possible to vary the temperature of the gas, the liquid or the mixture made up of the gas and the liquid so as to influence the heating phenomenon and to vary the cooling capacity. This variation in the temperature of the cooling means may be carried out for a constant flow rate of the cooling means or combined with a variation in the flow rate of the cooling means so as to increase the flexibility of regulation of the installation.

La capacité de production d'une ligne continue varie dans des proportions importantes selon le format de la bande, en particulier son épaisseur, et selon le cycle thermique.The production capacity of a continuous line varies greatly according to the format of the strip, in particular its thickness, and according to the thermal cycle.

Selon le niveau de production, le débit d'eau projeté sera ainsi très variable ce qui rend son contrôle difficile pour les grands et les petits débits du fait de la souplesse limitée des organes de contrôle de débit. Pour accroître la précision de régulation du débit d'eau, l'invention consiste également à faire varier la température du liquide de refroidissement de sorte de limiter l'amplitude de variation du débit d'eau.Depending on the level of production, the projected water flow will thus be very variable, which makes its control difficult for large and small flows due to the limited flexibility of the flow control members. To increase the precision in regulating the water flow, the invention also consists in varying the temperature of the cooling liquid so as to limit the amplitude of variation of the water flow.

Ainsi selon l'invention, pour une forte production requérant des flux de refroidissement très importants, on va pulvériser de l'eau froide de sorte de limiter le débit d'eau mais pour les faibles productions, faibles épaisseurs par exemple, on va pulvériser de l'eau un peu plus chaude pour remonter un peu le débit d'eau nécessaire.Thus according to the invention, for a high production requiring very large cooling flows, cold water will be sprayed so as to limit the water flow but for low productions, small thicknesses for example, we will spray the water a little warmer to raise the necessary water flow a little.

L'invention concerne ainsi également un procédé de contrôle du refroidissement d'une bande métallique en défilement dans une ligne de traitement en continu par projection sur la bande d'un liquide ou d'un mélange constitué d'un gaz et d'un liquide avec une température du liquide ajustée selon la capacité de refroidissement visée de sorte de limiter les variations de débit du liquide de refroidissement.The invention thus also relates to a method for controlling the cooling of a moving metal strip in a continuous treatment line by spraying onto the strip a liquid or a mixture consisting of a gas and a liquid. with a liquid temperature adjusted according to the targeted cooling capacity so as to limit variations in the flow rate of the cooling liquid.

Un exemple de réalisation, schématisé sur Fig.5 et repris ci-dessous, fait apparaître les variations de température de l'eau de refroidissement selon l'invention :

  • en début de refroidissement (zone DI,D'I) la bande métallique est à 750°C et l'eau pulvérisée est à 80°C de sorte de limiter le risque de formation de plis sur la bande (cool buckle),
  • ensuite l'eau pulvérisée est à 40°C de sorte d'obtenir un refroidissement rapide, dans toute la zone (DII),DIII,DIV ;D'II,D'III,D'IV) où la température de bande est nettement supérieure à la température de Lindenfrost,
  • puis, dans la zone critique (DV,D'V), ou zone de transition, où la température de bande est voisine de la température de Lindenfrost, la température de l'eau est portée à 80°C de sorte de rester le plus longtemps possible en film de vapeur,
  • pour finir, dans la zone (DVI, D'VI) où la température de bande est inférieure à la température de Lindenfrost, la température de l'eau est ramenée à 40°C pour atteindre rapidement la température de bande (60°C) requise en fin de refroidissement.
An example of realization, schematized on Fig. 5 and shown below, shows the temperature variations of the cooling water according to the invention:
  • at the start of cooling (zone DI, D'I) the metal strip is at 750 ° C and the sprayed water is at 80 ° C so as to limit the risk of creases forming on the strip (cool buckle),
  • then the sprayed water is at 40 ° C so as to obtain a rapid cooling, in the whole zone (DII), DIII, DIV; D'II, D'III, D'IV) where the band temperature is clearly above the Lindenfrost temperature,
  • then, in the critical zone (DV, D'V), or transition zone, where the strip temperature is close to the Lindenfrost temperature, the water temperature is raised to 80 ° C so as to remain the most long possible in vapor film,
  • finally, in the zone (DVI, D'VI) where the strip temperature is lower than the Lindenfrost temperature, the water temperature is reduced to 40 ° C to quickly reach the strip temperature (60 ° C) required at the end of cooling.

Claims (13)

  1. A method for controlling the cooling of a moving metal strip in a cooling section of a continuous processing line which sprays onto the strip a liquid or a mixture consisting of a gas and a liquid, the cooling being dependent on cooling parameters including the temperature, speed, characteristics of the stream of cooling liquid, the cooling being done by spraying along the length of the strip, the spraying divided into zones, the method comprising:
    • a zone or zones are determined in which the cooling parameters are such that the local disappearance of a vapour film on the surface of the hot strip could or does occur, causing the strip to redampen,
    • and adjusting, as a cooling parameter in the zone(s) thus determined, at least the temperature of the cooling liquid which temperature is increased in the zone where rewetting could occur, where it does occur, in order to maintain, or return to, a vapor film cooling at the surface of the web, resulting from the calefaction phenomenon at the cooling liquid in contact with the hot strip
    • wherein the temperature of the cooling liquid is adjusted over the width of the strip so that it remains in a vapor film as long as possible,
    • controlling the cooling parameters in a plurality of spray zones such that a vapor film is maintained at the surface of the hot strip,
    • in which a plurality of units (DIa, DIe) for spraying the cooling fluid are distributed over the width of the strip, and in which the temperature and flow rate of the cooling fluid are adjusted over the width of the strip for each spray unit.
  2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein, as one of the cooling parameters, an atomization parameter is adjusted which is formed by at least one of the velocity of the cooling liquid and the diameter of droplets of cooling liquid.
  3. The method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein a cooling section comprises several successive cooling unit (DI, DII, DIII) according to the strip running direction, in which the temperature of the cooling liquid is adjusted so that it differs between two successive cooling units of the cooling section.
  4. The cooling method as claimed according to any of the preceding claims, wherein a combined adjustment of the temperature and the flow rate of the cooling liquid is carried out so as to enable the heat flow extracted from the strip to be modulated in one or more of the spray zones.
  5. The cooling method as claimed in claim 4, in which a plurality of coolant spray units (Dla, DIe) are distributed along the width of the strip, and in which the temperature and flow rate of the cooling liquid for each spray unit are adjusted along the width of the strip.
  6. The method as claimed according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the temperature of the liquid is adjusted at the beginning of the cooling so as to limit the variation in the temperature slope resulting from cooling, compared with heating or compared with maintaining the preceding temperature.
  7. The method as claimed according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the temperature of the liquid is adjusted according to a target cooling capacity so as to limit the variations in the flow rate of the cooling liquid.
  8. The method as claimed according to any of the preceding claims, wherein, in order to determine one or more cooling section zones in which the cooling parameters are such that local disappearance of a vapour film at the surface of the hot strip could occur, or will occur leading to a redampening of the strip, prior tests are carried out during which:
    • the operating conditions are varied,
    • it is observed when redampening of the strip occurs due to localized disappearance of the vapor film and in which of the spray zones,
    • and, all other operating conditions being unaltered, the temperature of the liquid is gradually raised in the spray zone where the redampening occurs so as to be able to define the liquid temperature required to eliminate the redampening and restore the vapor film.
  9. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the tests are repeated in a following spray zone, in the direction in which the strip moves, so as to preserve the vapor film throughout the cooling section or, when that is not possible, to defer the beginning of the redampening to a lower temperature.
  10. The method as claimed in claim 8 or 9, wherein, in order to define the point in time at which the redampening occurs and the spray zone in which it occurs, the appearance of a steep increase in the transverse temperature gradient of the strip, and of a significant discontinuity in the cooling slope resulting from the more intense cooling with no vapor film present, is determined with the aid of devices for measuring the temperature of the strip in the spray, zones where the redampening is likely to occur.
  11. The method as claimed in claims 8 to 10, wherein the tests are carried out in one of the spray zones situated along the edge of the metal strip where the temperature of the strip is between 450° C. and 250° C., and at several points over the width of the strip so as to detect large variations in temperature.
  12. A cooling section of a continuous processing line for implementing a method as claimed according to any of the preceding claims, the cooling section comprising a plurality of units (D1, D11, D111) for spraying onto the metal strip a liquid or a mixture consisting of a gas and a liquid, comprising, for at least one of the units, a system (A) for supplying cooling liquid which comprises two separate circuits for supplying cold water (1) and hot water (2), each being equipped with a regulating valve (CV1, CV2) and connected to a same outlet duct (3), a controller for the flow rate (CD) of the mixture being provided on the outlet duct (3), as well as a controller (TE) for the temperature of the mixture,
    wherein the cooling fluid spray units are distributed along the width of the strip, and wherein the temperature and flow rate of the cooling fluid are adjusted along the width of the strip for each spray unit.
  13. The cooling section as claimed in claim 12, wherein the supply system (A) has a regulator (R) which makes it possible to adjust the proportion of the flow rates of cold water and hot water so as to obtain the overall target flow rate of the liquid at the desired temperature, and this for each spraying device (D1, D11, D111).
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RU2541233C2 (en) 2015-02-10
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US20110270433A1 (en) 2011-11-03
PT2376662T (en) 2021-07-26
FR2940978B1 (en) 2011-11-11
JP2012514694A (en) 2012-06-28
FR2940978A1 (en) 2010-07-16
PL2376662T3 (en) 2021-11-08
ES2881292T3 (en) 2021-11-29
RU2011133250A (en) 2013-02-20
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JP2015083719A (en) 2015-04-30
KR20110114624A (en) 2011-10-19

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