EP2373768A1 - Huile lubrifiante a base d'esters de polyols - Google Patents
Huile lubrifiante a base d'esters de polyolsInfo
- Publication number
- EP2373768A1 EP2373768A1 EP09775311A EP09775311A EP2373768A1 EP 2373768 A1 EP2373768 A1 EP 2373768A1 EP 09775311 A EP09775311 A EP 09775311A EP 09775311 A EP09775311 A EP 09775311A EP 2373768 A1 EP2373768 A1 EP 2373768A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- carbon atoms
- fatty acids
- oils
- oil
- long
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- -1 Polyol ester Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 23
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 title description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 173
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 139
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 123
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 62
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 49
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 45
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 45
- 235000019387 fatty acid methyl ester Nutrition 0.000 claims description 44
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 34
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 21
- 235000021391 short chain fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 21
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004165 Methyl ester of fatty acids Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000003441 saturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000010696 ester oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 148
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 23
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 20
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 19
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 18
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 15
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 14
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 11
- 150000004668 long chain fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid group Chemical group C(CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)(=O)O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 235000019486 Sunflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002600 sunflower oil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000013870 dimethyl polysiloxane Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)=O MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 5
- QYDYPVFESGNLHU-KHPPLWFESA-N methyl oleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC QYDYPVFESGNLHU-KHPPLWFESA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- QYDYPVFESGNLHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N elaidic acid methyl ester Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC QYDYPVFESGNLHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229940073769 methyl oleate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- HLLSOEKIMZEGFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(dibutylsulfamoyl)benzoic acid Chemical group CCCCN(CCCC)S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 HLLSOEKIMZEGFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Natural products OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 3
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229940117969 neopentyl glycol Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AOHAPDDBNAPPIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxybenzoic acid Chemical compound COC1=CC(C(O)=O)=CC2=C1OCO2 AOHAPDDBNAPPIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QISOBCMNUJQOJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromo-1h-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=1NN=CC=1Br QISOBCMNUJQOJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- JGHZJRVDZXSNKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl octanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(=O)OC JGHZJRVDZXSNKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006008 Brassica napus var napus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005749 Copper compound Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102100031237 Cystatin-A Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000208818 Helianthus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003222 Helianthus annuus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 101000921786 Homo sapiens Cystatin-A Proteins 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isooctane Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)(C)C NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100407037 Oryza sativa subsp. japonica PAO6 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150092791 PAO4 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BTHAQRDGBHUQMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [S]P(=O)=O Chemical compound [S]P(=O)=O BTHAQRDGBHUQMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005595 acetylacetonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004450 alkenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052728 basic metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001638 boron Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 102220389089 c.33G>T Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 150000001734 carboxylic acid salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrimethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)Cl IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001880 copper compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KGGZTXSNARMULX-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;dicarbamodithioate Chemical class [Cu+2].NC([S-])=S.NC([S-])=S KGGZTXSNARMULX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-M decanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanoic acid Chemical class CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-KTKRTIGZSA-N erucic acid Chemical class CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
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- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-L fumarate(2-) Chemical class [O-]C(=O)\C=C\C([O-])=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002815 homogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002432 hydroperoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002530 phenolic antioxidant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000020777 polyunsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004666 short chain fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FGGPAWQCCGEWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2,3-bis(sulfanyl)propane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)CC(S)CS FGGPAWQCCGEWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000013112 stability test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical class O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
- C10M105/32—Esters
- C10M105/38—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
- C10M105/32—Esters
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/56—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing nitrogen
- C10M105/68—Amides; Imides
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/56—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing nitrogen
- C10M105/70—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing nitrogen as ring hetero atom
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- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/74—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing phosphorus
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/76—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing silicon
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M129/68—Esters
- C10M129/74—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/022—Ethene
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
- C10M2205/0285—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms used as base material
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2207/026—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with tertiary alkyl groups
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/2835—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds used as base material
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
- C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
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- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/04—Detergent property or dispersant property
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- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
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- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/10—Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/08—Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids
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- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
- C10N2040/252—Diesel engines
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
- C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines
Definitions
- the present invention relates to oils based on polyol esters that can be obtained from renewable resources and that can be used as lubricating bases or lubricity additives, especially in four-cycle engine oils, hydraulic oils or transmissions, and as industrial lubricants.
- oils used as lubricating bases in engines or various bodies of vehicles or in industry are typically hydrocarbon oils derived from petroleum cuts.
- Vegetable oils are a renewable alternative to these products. They contain mainly esters of glycerol or other polyols and natural fatty acids. However, the poor cold properties and low oxidation resistance of these products limit its use, especially in engine oil formulations. This is the case, for example, rapeseed oils or oleic sunflower oils.
- the natural fatty acid esters that are liquid at room temperature are unsaturated compounds and are therefore sensitive to oxidation. Furthermore, saturated natural fatty acid esters such as lauric, myristic, palmitic or stearic acid are themselves solid at room temperature, which renders them unfit for use as a lubricating base.
- the present invention proposes to solve this problem by providing oils comprising one or more polyol esters, called “mixed” esters, because, in the synthesis of these compounds, at least one alcohol function of each polyol has been esterified with a fatty acid. and at least one alcohol function of the same polyol has been esterified with a synthetic fatty acid.
- Synthetic fatty acids are typically short chain saturated acids (typically having less than 12 carbon atoms) and naturally occurring fatty acids are typically unsaturated long chain acids (typically having at least 14 carbon atoms).
- the synthetic fatty acids used to produce the oils according to the present invention may themselves have been obtained from renewable resources, such as, for example, heptanoic acid obtained by thermal cracking of castor oil, or cuts of C8-C10 fatty acids, resulting from the refining and distillation of natural oils such as for example copra.
- the invention thus relates to an oil comprising at least one tetraester corresponding to the general formula (I):
- R 1, R 2, R 3 and R 4 are aliphatic chains containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms;
- R5, R6, R7 and R8 are either short paraffinic chains containing from 6 to 11 carbon atoms or long olefinic chains containing from 13 to 21 carbon atoms;
- At least one of the groups R5, R6, R7 and R8 is a short paraffinic chain comprising from 6 to 11 carbon atoms and at least one of the groups R5, R6, R7 or R8 is a long olefinic chain comprising from 13 to 21 atoms in which the ratio between the number of moles of long-chain fatty acids comprising from 14 to 22 carbon atoms and the number of moles of short fatty acids comprising from 7 to 12 carbon atoms is between 0 , 3 and 2.5, the ratio being determined on the composition of fatty acid methyl esters obtained from said oil by the implementation of standards NF ISO 5509 and NF ISO 5508, and wherein, said oil comprises at least 15% by weight, preferably at least 18% by weight of tetraester (s) of formula (I) in which 2 groups R5, R6, R7, R8 are short paraffinic chains comprising from 6 to 11 carbon atoms. carbons, and 2 of R5, R6, R7, R8 are long olefinic chains having from 13
- the methyl esters of long-chain fatty acids comprising from 14 to 22 carbon atoms are predominantly mono-unsaturated, in the composition of fatty acid methyl esters, obtained from said oil by the implementation of NF ISO standards. 5509 and
- the oil comprises at least 30% by weight, preferably 35% by weight of tetraesters of formula (I), wherein at least two of R5, R6, R7, R8 are long olefinic chains comprising from 13 to 21 carbon atoms and / or tetraester corresponding to the general formula (II)
- R 9, R 10, R 11, R 12 are aliphatic chains having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and R 13 is a long olefinic chain having from 13 to 21 carbon atoms.
- the oil comprises at most 10%, preferably at most 7% by weight of tetraesters of formula (II).
- the oil comprises at most 10%, preferably at most 7% by weight of tetraesters of formula (II).
- the oil comprises at most 25% by weight of tetraester of formula (I) in which 3 groups R 5, R 6, R 7 and R 8 are long olefinic chains comprising from 13 to 21 carbon atoms.
- the oil comprises at least 85% by weight of total or partial ester (s) obtained by reacting one or more polyols of formula (III)
- R1, R2, R3, R4 are aliphatic chains having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, with one or more long unsaturated fatty acids comprising from 14 to 22 carbon atoms and or one or more short saturated fatty acids comprising from 7 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the oil comprises at least 30% by weight of tetraesters of formula (I) having from 40 to 70 carbon atoms and at least 15% by weight, preferably at least 20% by weight of tetraesters of formula (I) having from 45 to 60 carbon atoms.
- the oil has a hydroxyl number, measured according to standard NF T60-231, less than 10 mg of KOH / g.
- the oil has an acid number, measured according to the NF ISO 660 standard, of less than 1 mg KOH / g.
- the oil has an iodine value, measured according to standard NF ISO 3961, less than 50, preferably less than 40, even more preferably less than 30 g I 2/100 g.
- the ratio, between the number of moles of long fatty acids comprising from 14 to 22 carbon atoms and the number of moles of short fatty acids comprising from 7 to 12 carbon atoms is between 1, 5 and 2.5, preferably between 1, 6 and 2, the ratio being determined on the composition of fatty acid methyl esters obtained from said oil by the implementation of NF ISO 5509 and NF ISO 5508 standards.
- the ratio, between the number of moles of long fatty acids comprising from 14 to 22 carbon atoms and the number of moles of short fatty acids comprising from 7 to 12 carbon atoms is between 0.4 and 1, 1, preferably between 0.42 and 1, the ratio being determined on the composition of fatty acid methyl esters obtained from said oil by the implementation of standards NF ISO 5509 and NF ISO 5508.
- the present invention also relates to lubricating compositions containing said oils. It relates in particular lubricant compositions for four-stroke engine containing the said oils and any type of base oil and additives suitable for this use.
- the lubricating composition comprises from 10 to 99%, or from 10 to 70%, or from 10 to 40%, or from 10 to 50%, or from 15 to 30%, even more preferably from 15 to 25% by weight. an oil as defined above.
- the lubricating composition further comprises: from 0 to 70%, or from 5 to 70%, or from 30 to 70% of one or more base oils selected from group III mineral oils and / or synthetic oils of groups IV, V and VI
- VI-improving polymers From 0 to 30%, or from 2 to 30%, preferably from 5 to 20%, of one or more VI-improving polymers, preferentially chosen from polymers and copolymers of methacrylates, olefins, styrene or dienes,
- antioxidant additives preferably of amine and / or phenolic type
- the lubricating composition comprises from 30 to 70% of one or more Group IV base oils with a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of between 4 and 8 cSt.
- the lubricating composition has a kinematic viscosity at 100 0 C is between 5.6 and 9.3 Cst (grade 20).
- the lubricating composition has a kinematic viscosity at 100 0 C is between 9.3 and 12.5 Cst (grade 30).
- the lubricating composition has a viscosity index greater than 160, preferably greater than 175.
- the present invention also relates to the use of these mixed ester or mixed ester oils as a base oil or friction modifier in lubricating compositions, including engine lubricant, hydraulic, transmissions, and industrial lubricants. It relates to the use of such oils as single lubricating base for engine, hydraulic and transmission of public works vehicles or agricultural vehicles or as lubricant for four-stroke engines, preferably for light motor vehicle or heavy vehicle engine, preferably for motor petrol or diesel.
- the present invention relates to a process for producing mixed ester based oils according to the invention.
- the process for producing an oil according to the invention comprises: i) a first transesterification step, of a polyol of formula (III)
- R 1 to R 4 are aliphatic chains containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, by one or more saturated short fatty acid methyl esters containing from 7 to 12 carbon atoms.
- This first step comprises the following steps: it: introduction at a temperature of the order of 20 to 25 ° C, in the reaction mixture consisting of the polyol and the saturated fatty acid methyl ester (s), of a quantity of catalyst preferably representing between 1 and 2% by weight of the amount of saturated short fatty acid methyl esters, i.2. Raising the temperature of the reaction mixture to a temperature greater than
- Said first transesterification step (i) resulting in a reaction product consisting of partial esters of polyol,
- This second step is carried out in the presence of a basic homogeneous or heterogeneous transesterification catalyst, preferably chosen from sodium methoxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, manganese oxide or zinc oxide.
- an antifoam for example dimethyl polysiloxane (DMS)
- DMS dimethyl polysiloxane
- This second step includes the following steps:
- 11.2 introduction, into said medium, at a temperature of the order of 20 to 25 ° C, of N moles of the long unsaturated fatty acid methyl ester (s), in a molar ratio N / nOH of between 0.8 and 1, 2, preferably equal to 1,
- ii.3 introduction, into said medium, at a temperature of the order of 20 to 25 ° C, of a quantity of catalyst representing between 0.5 and 1.5% by weight; mass, preferably of the order of 0.75% by weight, of the amount of long unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters introduced in step ii.2, ii.4: optionally introduction into said medium at a temperature of 20 to 25 ° C, an amount of antifoaming agent representing about 10 ppm of the total reaction mixture, ii.5. temperature rise of the reaction mixture thus formed up to a temperature above 150 0 C, preferably between 160 and 170 0 C. ii.6. maintaining the reaction mixture at this temperature for a period of more than 3 hours.
- the process further comprises a third step of neutralization with acetic anhydride unreacted hydroxyl groups.
- the mixture of unsaturated long fatty acid methyl esters comprising from 14 to 22 carbon atoms used in step (i) to transesterify the polyol comprises at least 85%, preferably at least 90% by weight, still more preferably at least 95% by weight of mono-unsaturated fatty-chain methyl esters, said percentage being determined by NF ISO5508.
- the mono-unsaturated methyl esters comprise from 16 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably 18 carbon atoms.
- the polyols are chosen from pentaerythritol and neopentylglycol.
- oils comprising at least one tetraester corresponding to the general formula (I):
- R 1, R 2, R 3 and R 4 are aliphatic chains comprising from 1 to 10 carbon atoms
- R5, R6, R7 and R8 are either short paraffinic chains containing from 6 to 11 carbon atoms or long olefinic chains containing from 13 to 21 carbon atoms
- At least one of the groups R5, R6, R7 and R8 is a short paraffinic chain comprising from 6 to 11 carbon atoms and at least one of the groups R5, R6, R7 or R8 is a long olefinic chain comprising from 13 to 21 atoms in which the ratio between the number of moles of long-chain fatty acids comprising from 14 to 22 carbon atoms and the number of moles of short fatty acids comprising from 7 to 12 carbon atoms is between 0 , 3 and 2.5, preferably between 0.4 and 2, the ratio being determined on the composition of fatty acid methyl esters obtained from said oil by the implementation of standards NF ISO 5509 and NF ISO 5508 ..
- oils comprise at least 15% by weight, preferably at least 18%, even more preferably at least 20% by weight of tetraester (s) of formula (I) where 2 groups R5, R6, R7, R8 are short paraffinic chains having 6 to 11 carbon atoms, and 2 R5, R6, R7, R8 groups are long olefinic chains having from 13 to 21 carbon atoms.
- R 1, R 2, R 3 and R 4 are preferably aliphatic chains containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- the methyl esters of long-chain fatty acids comprising from 14 to 22 carbon atoms are predominantly mono-unsaturated, in the composition of fatty acid methyl esters, determined according to standard NF ISO 5509 and NF ISO 5508, of said oil.
- the oils according to the invention contain at least 30% by weight, preferably 35%, even more preferably at least 40% by weight of tetraesters of formula (I), where at least two of the groups R5, R6, R7, R8 are long olefinic chains comprising from 13 to 21 carbon atoms and / or tetraester corresponding to the general formula (II)
- R 9, R 10, R 11, R 12 are aliphatic chains having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and R 13 is a long olefinic chain having from 13 to 21 carbon atoms.
- a minimum content of tetraesters of this type gives a sufficiently high viscosity to be able to use the oils containing them as a lubricating composition, especially for the applications more particularly targeted by the present invention, namely industrial lubricants and automotive lubricants, in particular particular engine, hydraulic and transmissions.
- the oils according to the invention contain at most 10%, preferably at most 9%, preferably at most 7%, preferably at most 6%, even more preferably at most 5% by weight of tetraesters of formula ( II).
- this type of ester if it ensures a sufficient viscosity, however, has at least 4 unsaturations. Too high a content of this type of esters can lead to low resistance to oxidation, which can penalize their use in lubricating compositions, especially in engine lubricants.
- the oils according to the invention preferably contain at most 25%, or at most 20% or at most 15% by weight of tetraesters of formula (I) where 3 groups R5, R6, R7, R8 are long olefinic chains having from 13 to 21 carbon atoms.
- the oils according to the invention preferably contain at least 85%, or at least 90% by weight of total or partial ester (s) obtained by reaction of one or more polyols of formula (III).
- R1, R2, R3, R4 are aliphatic chains having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, with one or more long unsaturated fatty acids comprising from 14 to 22 carbon atoms and / or short saturated fatty acids comprising from 7 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the presence, in excessive amounts, of non-esterified polyols, and more generally non-esterified hydroxyl functional groups, in the oils according to the invention can indeed have a negative impact on their use in lubricating compositions. In particular, it would be possible to observe a sharp increase in the viscosity induced by the formation of hydrogen bonds between the non-esterified hydroxyl functions, which renders them unsuitable for use in lubricating compositions.
- the percentages by weight of the various esters and tetraesters of polyols present in the oils according to the invention are determined from their GC (gas chromatography) analysis.
- the oils according to the invention comprise at least 30% by weight of tetraesters of formula (I) containing from 40 to 70 carbon atoms and at least 15% by weight, preferably at least 20% by weight of tetraesters of formula (I) having from 45 to 60 carbon atoms.
- the mass percentage of tetraesters having a given number of carbon atoms is determined by GPC analysis (gas chromatography) of the oils according to the invention, according to the method described in the examples below.
- the oils according to the invention have a hydroxyl number, measured according to standard NF T60-231, less than 10 mg of KOH / g.
- the hydroxyl number makes it possible to quantify the non-esterified hydroxyl functions in the oils.
- a limited content of such free hydroxyl functions, correlated with a low hydroxyl number, makes it possible to have oils having suitable viscometric properties for use in lubricating compositions. In particular, the formation of the hydrogen bond between the molecules mentioned above is minimized and leads to very high viscosity increases.
- the oils according to the invention have an acid number, measured according to the NF ISO 660 standard, of less than 1 mg KOH / g. The acid number in mg KOH / gram of product makes it possible to quantify the unreacted fatty acids (the higher the index, the more unreacted fatty acids).
- a low acid number thus also reveals a limited content of unreacted hydroxyl and thus makes it possible to obtain oils having viscometric properties more suitable for use in lubricating compositions.
- the oils according to the invention have an iodine number, measured according to the NF ISO 3961 standard, less than 50, preferably less than 40, even more preferably less than 30, or less than 15, or even less than 10, grams of 12 per 100 grams of oil.
- the iodine number is related to the presence of unsaturations and thus to the sensitivity to oxidation.
- Oils with a low iodine number will therefore be useful in applications where the oxidation resistance parameter is important, for example in engine lubricating compositions.
- the oils according to the invention have a ratio, between the number of moles of long fatty acids comprising from 14 to 22 carbon atoms and the number of moles of short fatty acids comprising from 7 to 12 carbon atoms. , between 1.50 and 2.50, preferably between 1.60 and 2.00, more preferably between 1.61 and 1.90. This ratio is determined on the composition of fatty acid methyl esters obtained from said oil by the implementation of NF ISO 5509 and NF ISO 5508 standards.
- oils according to this variant can be used for example as lubricating bases in industrial lubricant applications.
- oils have the viscosity required for application in the field of industrial lubricants, as well as good cold properties. However, their resistance to oxidation is limited. Their viscosity at 100 ° C. according to ASTM D 445 is preferably between 4 and 10 mm 2 / s, preferably between 6 and 9 mm 2 / s, more preferably between 8 and 9 nm / s.
- Their dynamic viscosity at -25 ° C. measured according to the ASTM D5293 standard, is typically less than 4300, preferably less than 3500 mPa.s.
- the oils according to the invention have a ratio, obtained from their composition of fatty acid methyl esters according to the standard NF ISO 5509 and NF ISO 5508, between the number of moles of long-chain fatty acids comprising from 14 to 22 carbon atoms and the number of moles of short fatty acids comprising from 7 to 12 carbon atoms, which is between 0.4 and 1.49, preferentially between 0.4 and 1.20, and even more preferably between 0.42 and 1, 10, or between 0.42 and 1.00.
- oils having these long fatty acid / short fatty acid molar ratio values have the thermaloxidative properties required for application as a lubricating base in engine lubricating compositions. Examples below detail these properties in the ICOT high temperature oxidation test and MCT test, which quantifies the tendency for hot surface deposits to form.
- oils of grade 20 or 30 are also suitable for this use, in particular for formulating oils of grade 20 or 30 according to the classification SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers). They preferentially have a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C., measured according to the standard
- ASTM D445 between 4 and 8 mmVs, preferentially between 4 and 6.5 mmVs.
- Their viscosity number according to ASTM D2270 is preferably greater than or equal to 150, preferably greater than or equal to 155.
- the present invention also relates to lubricating compositions comprising an oil according to the invention as described above.
- compositions comprising oils according to the invention which have a ratio between the number of moles of long fatty acids comprising from 14 to 22 carbon atoms and the number of moles of short fatty acids comprising from 7 to 12 carbon atoms, is between 0.4 and 1.49, preferably between 0.4 and 1.20, still more preferably between 0.42 and 1.10, or between 0.42 and 1, 00.
- This ratio is determined on the composition of fatty acid methyl esters obtained from said oil by the implementation of NF ISO 5509 and NF ISO 5508 standards.
- Said lubricant compositions preferably comprise from 10 to 99%, or from 10 to 70%, or from 10 to 40%, from 10 to 50%, or from 15 to 30%, even more preferentially from 15 to 25% of such oils.
- They may furthermore comprise: from 0 to 70%, or from 5 to 70%, or from 30 to 70% of one or more base oils chosen from group III mineral oils and / or synthetic oils of groups IV, V and VI
- VI-improving polymers From 0 to 30%, or from 2 to 30%, preferably from 5 to 20%, of one or more VI-improving polymers, preferentially chosen from polymers and copolymers of methacrylates, olefins, styrene or dienes,
- antioxidant additives preferably of amine and / or phenolic type
- compositions comprise from 30 to 70% of one or more base oils of group IV, kinematic viscosity at 100 0 C between 4 and 8 mmVs.
- these compositions have a kinematic viscosity at 100 0 C is between 5.6 and 9.3 miriVs, which corresponds to oils of grade 20 according to the SAE classification.
- these lubricating compositions have a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of between 9.3 and 12.5 mm 2 / s, which corresponds to oils of grade 30 according to the SAE classification.
- Their viscosity index is preferably greater than 160, even more preferably greater than 175.
- the present invention also relates to the use of the oils described above as a friction modifying additive and as a lubricating base in lubricating compositions.
- oils according to the invention having a ratio, between the number of moles of long fatty acids comprising from 14 to 22 carbon atoms and the number of moles of short fatty acids comprising from 7 to 12 carbon atoms,
- 1, 50 and 2.50 preferentially between 1.60 and 2.00, more preferably between 1.61 and
- oils according to the invention having a ratio, between the number of moles of long fatty acids comprising from 14 to 22 carbon atoms and the number of moles of short fatty acids. comprising from 7 to 12 carbon atoms, is between 0.4 and 1.49, preferably between 0.4 and 1.20, still more preferably between 0.42 and 1.10, or between 0.42 and 1. , 00, as a lubricating base for engine lubricant, hydraulic, transmission, and for industrial lubricants.
- This ratio is determined on the composition of fatty acid methyl esters obtained from said oil by the implementation of NF ISO 5509 and NF ISO 5508 standards.
- the present invention also relates to the use of lubricant composition as described above as a lubricant for four-stroke engine, preferably for motor of light motor vehicles or heavy goods vehicles.
- the subject of the present invention is also a method for producing oils as described above, comprising: i) a first transesterification step, of a polyol of formula (III): OH R 2
- groups R 1 to R 4 are aliphatic chains comprising from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, by one or more saturated short fatty acid methyl esters containing from 7 to 12 carbon atoms in the presence a basic homogeneous or heterogeneous transesterification catalyst, preferably chosen from sodium methoxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, manganese oxide or zinc oxide, under a flow of nitrogen, preferentially of the order of 30 ml / minute, at atmospheric pressure, in an initial molar ratio polyol / saturated short fatty acid methyl esters of between 1/5 and 1 / 2.5,
- a basic homogeneous or heterogeneous transesterification catalyst preferably chosen from sodium methoxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, manganese oxide or zinc oxide, under a flow of nitrogen, preferentially of the order of 30 ml / minute, at atmospheric pressure, in an initial molar ratio polyol / saturated short fatty acid
- reaction mixture 1.4 preferably maintaining the reaction mixture at a temperature between 160 and 180 0 C, preferably of the order of 170 0 C, until the reaction stops, materialized by stopping the formation of condensates in the flow rate nitrogen.
- 11.4 preferably introducing into said medium at a temperature of the order of 20 to 25 ° C, an amount of antifoaming agent representing about 10 ppm of the total reaction mixture, ii.5. preferably raising the temperature of the reaction mixture thus formed to a temperature of between 160 and 170 ° C., preferably of the order of 165 ° C., and then keeping the reaction mixture at this temperature for a period of time between and 7 hours.
- the process according to the invention also comprises a third step of neutralization with acetic anhydride of the unreacted hydroxyl groups.
- the mixture of unsaturated long fatty acid methyl esters comprising from 14 to 22 carbon atoms used in step (i) to transesterify the polyol comprises at least 85%, preferably at least less than 90% by weight, still more preferably at least 95% by weight of mono-unsaturated methyl esters, said percentage being determined by NF ISO5508.
- the mixture of unsaturated long fatty acid methyl esters used in step i to transesterify the polyol comprises at least 80%, preferably at least 85%, preferably at least 90% by weight, even more preferably at least 95% by weight. % by weight of mono-unsaturated methyl esters comprising from 16 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably 18 carbon atoms, said percentage being determined by NF ISO5508.
- the polyols are chosen from pentaerythritol and neopentyl glycol.
- the subject of the present invention is also products that can be obtained by the processes described above.
- the oils according to the invention are mainly characterized from two types of analyzes.
- This ratio is determined on the composition of fatty acid methyl esters obtained from said oil by the implementation of standards NF ISO 5509 and NF ISO 5508 as follows: The composition of methyl esters of fatty acids of an oil is carried out in two steps: fatty acid methyl esters are prepared from said oil according to EN ISO 5509, the methyl ester mixture obtained is then analyzed by gas chromatography according to the EN ISO 5508 standard.
- the mass percentage of the different fatty acid methyl esters in the oil is then obtained. Knowing the molar mass of these different methyl esters, can thus calculate the molar ratios between these different esters present in the oil analyzed.
- oils according to the invention contain esters of polyols, esterified with two types of fatty acids:
- long fatty acids defined as fatty acids comprising from 14 to 22 carbon atoms. These long fatty acids are in principle unsaturated, but the mixtures used in practice to synthesize the oils may contain minor amounts of saturated (see Example 1 below). For the calculation of the characteristic molar ratio of the oils according to the invention, account will be taken of the methyl esters of all fatty acids comprising from 14 to 22 carbon atoms.
- short fatty acids defined as fatty acids comprising from 7 to 12 carbon atoms. These short fatty acids are in principle exclusively saturated. For the calculation of the characteristic molar ratio of the oils according to the invention, account will however be taken of methyl esters of all fatty acids comprising from 7 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the separation of the different species is done by increasing number of carbon.
- the column is calibrated by passing a mixture of reference triglycerides of known composition.
- the polyol esters of the oils according to the invention emerge at the same time as the triglycerides of the same number of carbon. This method makes it possible to distinguish the polyol tetraesters comprising:
- esters comprising one or more non-esterified OH functions, the tetraesters having three short chains and one long chain (3C81C18), the tetraesters comprising four short chains (4C8), can not to be separated by this method, because of their too close carbon number.
- Tetraesters (other than those included in partial esters). This method identifies the different species present according to their carbon number. This method will therefore be used to calculate the mass percentage of polyol esters comprising from 40 to 70 carbon atoms, or from 45 to 60 carbon atoms, in the oils according to the invention.
- the subject of the present invention is also lubricating compositions comprising oils based on polyol esters according to the present invention, whatever their application, whether they are intended, for example, for engine, hydraulic, transmission or applications applications. industrial.
- the present invention relates to four-stroke lubricant compositions, including oils according to the present invention, and any type of additives or base oils suitable for use thereof.
- the present invention relates to lubricating compositions for a four-cycle engine preferably comprising from 10 to 99%, or from 10 to 70%, or else from 10 to 40%, from 10 to 50%, or from 15 to 30%, still more preferably 15 to 25% of such oils.
- They may further include:
- VI-improving polymers From 0 to 30%, or from 2 to 30%, preferably from 5 to 20%, of one or more VI-improving polymers, preferentially chosen from polymers and copolymers of methacrylates, olefins, styrene or dienes,
- antioxidant additives preferably of amine and / or phenolic type
- pour point depressant additives preferably chosen from methacrylate polymers and copolymers
- said compositions comprise from 30 to 70% of one or more Group IV base oils with a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of between 4 and 8 mm 7s.
- the lubricating compositions for four-stroke engine according to the present invention also comprise: from 0 to 45% of one or more base oil of Group IV, viscosity 6 mm7s 100 0 C - 0 to 45% of one or more base oils of group IV, with a kinematic viscosity of 4 mm 2 / s at 100 ° C. of 5 to 10% of one or more VI-improving polymers of 0.2 to 5% of one or more antioxidant additives of 0.01 to 5% of one or more pour point depressant additives
- ANTIOXIDANT ADDITIVES are given below.
- antioxidants commonly used are the antioxidants of the phenolic type, amines.
- additives for example phospho-sulfur, can be ash generators.
- Phenolic antioxidants may be ashless, or may be in the form of neutral or basic metal salts. Typically, these are compounds containing a sterically hindered hydroxyl group, for example when 2 phenol groups are in the o or p position of each other, or when the phenol is substituted by an alkyl group comprising at least 6 carbon atoms. .
- Amino compounds are another class of antioxidants that can be used, optionally in combination with phenolics.
- Typical examples are aromatic amines of formula R8R9R10N, where R8 is an aliphatic group, or an optionally substituted aromatic group, R9 is an optionally substituted aromatic group, R10 is hydrogen, or an alkyl or aryl group, or a group of formula R11S (O) xR12, where R11 is an alkylene, alkenylene, or aralkylene group, and x is 0, 1 or 2.
- Sulfurized alkyl phenols or their alkali and alkaline earth metal salts are also used as antioxidants.
- Organic boron derivatives such as esters or succinimides can also be used as antioxidants.
- antioxidants are oil-soluble copper compounds, for example copper thio or dithiophosphate, copper and carboxylic acid salts, copper dithiocarbamates, sulphonates, phenates, acetylacetonates. Copper salts I and II, succinic acid or anhydride are used.
- alkyl polymethacrylates polyacrylates, polymers of esters of fumaric or maleic acid and of heavy alcohols, copolymers of different esters of acrylic, methacrylic, fumaric or maleic acid, or copolymers of fumaric acid esters and vinyl esters of fatty acids, copolymers of fumarates, vinyl esters of carboxylic acids, and alkylvinyl ethers, or mixtures thereof.
- polyacrylamides, polyalkylsphenols, polyalkylnaphthalenes, alkylated polystyrene, etc. are especially present and not limited to ??
- condensation products of paraffins or halogenated waxes and aromatic compounds such as benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, phenols.
- the lubricant compositions according to the invention have VI values, measured according to ASTM D2270, greater than or equal to 160, preferably greater than 175, and preferably greater than 180.
- viscosity index improvers examples include polymeric esters, copolymer olefins (OCP), homopolymers or copolymers of styrene, butadiene or isoprene, polymethacrylates (PMA). They are conventionally present at levels of the order of 0 to 40%, preferably 0.01 to 15% by weight, in the lubricant compositions for four-stroke engine.
- the preferred VI-improving polymers are selected from polymers and copolymers of methacrylates, olefins, styrene or dienes,
- the engine lubricating compositions according to the invention may also contain any type of additive adapted to their use, for example:
- Friction modifying additives forming a protective film adsorbed on the friction surfaces, among which are, for example, fatty amines, fatty alcohols, fatty esters,
- additives may be introduced individually into the lubricant compositions or in the form of additive packages or additive concentrates.
- the nature and the proportions of the different base oils and additives in the lubricating compositions according to the present invention will preferably be adjusted so as to that said lubricating compositions are of grade 20 or 30 according to the SAE classification, with a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of between 5.6 and 9.3 or between 9.3 and 12.5 CSt, and their viscosity number high, which may be greater than or equal to 160 for oils of grade 20, and greater than or equal to 175 for oils of grade 30.
- these lubricating compositions are multigrade oils, for example 5W or OW, for example of grade 5W30, or 0W30 according to the SAE classification.
- the present invention also relates to the use of an oil according to the invention as a friction modifying additive in lubricating compositions.
- the use as friction modifier exploits the property that fatty acid esters, such as those present in the oils according to the invention, to form, on the surface of the friction parts, films to maintain a regime. hydrodynamic under heavy load.
- oils according to the invention are typically incorporated at contents of less than 10% or even less than 5%, typically between 1 and 2%.
- the present invention also relates to the use of an oil according to the invention as a lubricating base, alone or mixed with oils of natural origin, animal or vegetable, mineral or synthetic.
- the present invention relates to the use of an oil according to the invention as a lubricating base for motor, hydraulic, transmissions, and industrial lubricants.
- oil according to the invention as a lubricating base is particularly suitable for outdoor and leisure applications, such as agricultural, construction, recreational vehicles, where a biodegradable character is desired, but the oils according to the invention.
- the present invention can be used in multiple applications, including industrial lubricants.
- oils according to the invention can serve as a single lubricating base for engine, hydraulic and vehicle transmissions, in particular for formulating lubricants that can be used interchangeably in the engine, in the hydraulics and the transmission of the same vehicle.
- This type of single lubricant is particularly applicable to public works vehicles or agricultural vehicles.
- oils are typically obtained by transesterification of polyols with methyl esters of short-chain, synthetic fatty acids, comprising between 7 and 12 carbon atoms, followed by transesterification with methyl esters of long-chain natural fatty acids, comprising between 14 and 22 carbon atoms, in the presence of basic transesterification catalysts.
- These catalysts may for example be chosen from homogeneous catalysts such as sodium methoxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, or heterogeneous such as manganese oxide or zinc oxide.
- a further step of esterification in the presence of acetic anhydride can be added so as to neutralize the remaining hydroxyl functions and obtain a better tetraester yield, which improves the physical characteristics of the oils obtained, in particular the viscosity and the pour point. .
- Polyols used to obtain the compounds according to the invention are tetra-alcohols.
- the tetraalcohols used for the preparation of the oils according to the invention correspond to the formula (III) below or R 1, R 2, R 3, R 4 are aliphatic chains comprising from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 4 atoms of carbon.
- oils according to the present invention have the particularity of containing tetraesters of polyols esterified by both long unsaturated fatty acids and saturated short fatty acids.
- UNSATURATED LIGHT FATTY ACIDS
- long refers to fatty acids comprising between 14 and 22 carbon atoms. Saturated long acids are solid at room temperature and therefore unsuitable for use in the synthesis of lubricants. Thus unsaturated long acids are used here. In order to give the oils according to the invention an oxidation resistance adapted to the intended uses, in particular in engine lubricants, the monounsaturated long acids will be preferred. Palmitoleic, oleic, eicosenoic and erucic acids, in particular oleic acid, will be preferred.
- oils can be derived from natural resources.
- unsaturated long fatty acids of natural origin are therefore preferably used. They are present, in the form of their methyl esters, in the oils of plant or animal origin such as palm oil, sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, olive oil, peanut oil ..., which can be refined, enriched, genetically modified, ... so as to increase their fatty acid content of interest.
- sunflower oil enriched with methyl oleate, or rapeseed oil it will be advantageous to use sunflower oil enriched with methyl oleate, or rapeseed oil.
- These natural raw materials are mixtures, which generally also contain, more or less important quantities of methyl esters of polyunsaturated fatty acids (linoleic, linolenic for example), as well as some saturated (myristic, palmitic, stearic, behenic for example ).
- short is used here to mean fatty acids comprising between 7 and 12 carbon atoms. These saturated acids have the advantage of enhancing the oxidation resistance of the oils according to the invention without adverse effect on their lubricating properties.
- caproic heptanoic
- caprylic pelargonic and capric acids.
- the fatty acids having 7 and 8 carbon atoms are particularly preferred.
- oils were prepared by first transesterifying pentaerythritol (PET) with saturated C8-C10 fatty acid methyl esters (VHA) and then transesterifying the resulting product with methyl esters of fatty acids in a second step.
- PET pentaerythritol
- VHA saturated C8-C10 fatty acid methyl esters
- EMTO long unsaturated
- Pentaerythritol of formula C (CH 2 OH) 4, was used as the tetraalcohol at 98% purity, marketed by Aldrich (CAS No. 115-77-5, F. G: 136).
- Saturated short fatty acid methyl esters a mixture of caprate and methyl caprylate marketed by Oléon (EMHV), containing 55% by weight of caprylic esters and 40% by weight of capric ester, and of molar mass is used average 169 g / mol
- Table 1 Composition of the mixture of unsaturated long fatty acid methyl esters Operating Protocol for the first stage:
- reaction mixture is preheated to a temperature of 145 ° C., in other cases it is maintained at ambient temperature (20 ° C.)
- the mixture is then brought to the reaction temperature, between 145 and 170 ° C. This temperature is maintained until the completion of the reaction, noted by the cessation of production of methanol distillate in the effluent. (the reaction time is the holding time at this temperature).
- the distillate (methanol withdrawn progressively by the N2 flow) is recovered, and the crude reaction is analyzed.
- EMTO methyl oleate mixture
- the reaction medium is stirred (600 rpm) and optionally heated: in certain cases, the reaction mixture is preheated to a temperature of 80 ° C., in other cases it is maintained at ambient temperature (20 ° C.). .
- the MeONa (catalyst) and the DMPS are stirred (600 rpm) and optionally heated: in certain cases, the reaction mixture is preheated to a temperature of 80 ° C., in other cases it is maintained at ambient temperature (20 ° C.).
- Antifoaming agent dimethyl polysiloxane
- the reaction mixture is then heated to a temperature of between 130 ° C. (if preheating) and 165 ° C. (without preheating). After 2 to 6 hours of keeping at this temperature, the vacuum is turned off, the heating and stirring stopped, (the reaction time is the holding time at this temperature). The reaction is carried out under vacuum to reduce the reaction temperature. N2 bubbling has been suppressed: indeed, if this step is carried out under N 2 flow, a foaming is observed with the result that the reaction medium is driven out of the reactor, and therefore failure to complete the reaction,
- Neutralization of residual OH (optional): Attempts have been made to decrease the amount of unreacted hydroxyl functions present in the medium. Indeed, the free hydroxyl functions have the particularity of forming intermolecular hydrogen bonds, which increases the viscosity of the medium. In order to avoid this phenomenon, the final product may be esterified with an acid or even an acetic anhydride at the end of the reaction.
- the crude reaction mixture is washed 3 times with salt water and then 3 times with demineralized water. Centrifugation may be necessary during the 1st washing to increase the rate of sedimentation.
- the organic phase is dried at 100 ° C. under a vacuum of 10 mbar in order to eliminate the residual water.
- NF ISO 5508 gives mass percentages of the different EMAGs present in the samples. From this mass composition, and knowing the molar masses of the different EMAGs, it is possible to calculate the molar percentages, respectively, of the methyl esters of short fatty acids and n2 of methyl esters of long fatty acids, relative to the total number of moles. of EMAG present in the sample.
- n 2 / nl The ratio between the number of moles of long fatty acids and the number of moles of short fatty acids, characteristic of the oils according to the invention, n 2 / nl, is then calculated.
- a "short" fatty acid methyl ester will be of the formula RCOO CH3, with R olefinic or paraffinic chain comprising from 6 to 11 carbon atoms (also referred to as C8-C10)
- a "long" fatty acid methyl ester will be of the formula RCOO CH3, with R is an olefinic or paraffinic chain comprising from 13 to 21 carbon atoms (also referred to as C 18).
- Composition in CPG esters it is a question of determining the percentages by mass, with respect to the total weight of sample, of the various categories of polyol esters (here PET) present.
- the method used is a Gas Chromatography (GPC) method, which incorporates the characteristics of the IUPAC method 2.323 used for the determination of Triglycerides.
- a short apolar column of DBl HT type (length: 15 m, internal diameter: 0.32 mm and film thickness: O.l ⁇ m) is used.
- the injector is on-column type and FID detection.
- the reference used here is a mixture: MGLA referenced by the EEC, covering compounds of 24 to 56 carbon atoms. Prior sylilation is necessary to distinguish the partial esters from the total esters In the non-silted samples, the presence of OH groups on the partial esters leads to streaks upstream of the peaks. This trail disappears once the samples are syliled.
- the sylilation is carried out under the following conditions: lOmg of the sample are mixed with 200 ⁇ l of a mixture B STFA (bis trimethylsyliletrifiuoroacetamide) / TMSCl
- the GC analysis conditions are as follows:
- Partial esters which here include both esters having one or more non-esterified OH functions, tetraesters having three short chains and one long chain
- Partial esters (for all the products according to the invention, partial esters include short-chain and long-chain tetraesters, as well as short-chain tetraesters and esters having one or more non-esterified OH functions),
- Tetraesters (other than those included in partial esters).
- the retention times of the different species analyzed in the examples are detailed in Table 3 below). These retention times are subject to slight variations according to the state of the column. In accordance with IUPAC indications, the skilled person will take these developments into account by recalibrating the column with a new passage of the reference.
- Table 3 retention time of the chromatographable species in GPC analysis in the samples The other characteristics measured are:
- the acid number (NF EN ISO 660), in mg of KOH / gram of product, which makes it possible to quantify the unreacted fatty acids (the higher the index, the more unreacted fatty acids)
- the Iodine Number (NF EN ISO 3961), in g I2 / gram of product, which is related to the presence of unsaturation and therefore to the sensitivity to oxidation (the higher the index, the more unsaturations, so less good is the resistance to oxidation;
- hydroxyl number (NF T 60-231), in mg of KOH / gram of product, which makes it possible to quantify the unreacted hydroxyl functions (the higher the index, and the more there are unreacted hydroxyl functions in the middle)
- compositions and physicochemical characteristics of the oils prepared are summarized in Table 4 below.
- PET oils 9-1, PET 12-1, PET 25-3, PET 28-2, PET 29-1 are oils according to the invention.
- PET oil 15-3 is outside the invention.
- PET samples 9-1 and PET 12-1 which have undergone a neutralization step of residual hydroxyl functions with acetic acid or acetic anhydride, have a viscosity compatible with use as lubricating oils. However, they are a little too viscous for a motor application: their viscosity at 100 0 C is between 8 and 9 cSt, then that the base oil mixtures in the 5W30 formulas are set around 4 to 5 is. Their viscosity is, on the other hand, well adapted to the application of industrial lubricants.
- the cold properties are good for the oils according to the invention whereas for the PET 15-3 oil, these properties are so bad that they could not be measured.
- the sample PET 15-3 has a viscosity of 2.7cSt at 100 0 C, becoming too low compared to engine or industry applications.
- Samples PET 25-3, PET 28-2 and PET 29-1 are oils according to the invention. Their viscosity at 100 0 C is close to the target, 6 cSt and suitable for engine application.
- 29-1 are comparable to those of Group I mineral oils. However, it is possible, in view of these values, to formulate viscometric grade oils in accordance with a motor use, including in the formulas polymers and additives of flow (ppd) adapted;
- oils can be expected to have low volatility, as in the case of rapeseed oil.
- the stability tests are carried out in a test tube in a climatic chamber. Most of the samples are clear and stable at room temperature and at 60 ° C. A tendency to deposit formation is observed after prolonged storage at 0 ° C., probably resulting from the presence of compounds or impurities having a pour point. Student. This point could be improved by better purification of the product.
- thermo-oxidative properties of the PET esters described in Example 1 were evaluated in a screening formula consisting of 91.9% of said oils and 8.1% by weight of a conventional performance additive package for motor oils. sold by Lubrizol under the reference 7819H.
- these screening formulas were also prepared from two widely available vegetable oils, oleic sunflower oil 85% oleic acid and rapeseed oil.
- ICOT Evaluation The ICOT (Iron Catalysed Oxidation Test) is described in ASTM D4871-06
- the oils 25-3 and 29-1 according to the invention have a significantly improved oxidation resistance, resulting in a lower increase in viscosity at 40 0 C after ICOT test.
- MCT Micro Coking Test
- the MCT test assesses the thermal stability of a lubricant in a thin layer, subjected to temperature conditions similar to those encountered in the hottest parts of the engine (230 to 280 ° C.). The deposits and varnish are measured by a videocotator. The result is expressed as a score out of 10, called merit.
- the test conditions are as follows:
- the mixed esters 9-1 and 12-1 exhibit a very poor performance compared to the mineral bases (33 Ns) and synthetic (PAO8, Priolube 3985). Their behavior is similar to that of vegetable oils, with a significant formation of deposits.
- the mixed esters according to the invention, 28-2, 25-3 and 29-1 show good performances, and even, in the case of the oil 29-1, performances superior or equivalent to those of the mineral bases. and synthetic synthetics.
- Example 3 Lubricating compositions for a four-stroke engine
- compositions and physicochemical characteristics The oils based on PET esters obtained in Example 1 were included at the level of
- the mixed ester oils are evaluated by comparison with a commercial ester, Priolube 3970, and well-known vegetable oils, rapeseed oil and 85% oleic sunflower oil.
- These ester-based oils are here used as lubricating bases, in combination with Group IV commercial bases (polyalphaolefins): PAO4 Durasyn (kinematic viscosity of 4 cSt at 100 0 C) PAO6 Durasyn (kinematic viscosity of 6 cSt 100 0 C), and PAO 8 Durasyn (kinematic viscosity of 8 cSt at 100 0 C).
- compositions A to I The amounts of these commercial bases are adjusted to formulate oils of grade 30 (compositions A to I), and grade 20 (compositions J to P).
- compositions A to I and J to P respectively are also differentiated by the nature of the additives employed, the table below gives the characteristics of the additives of the two formulas made.
- compositions and physicochemical properties of the various lubricating compositions obtained, as well as the ICOT and MCT test results are given in Table 8 and Table 9.
- compositions D, E, F are lubricating compositions according to the invention, as well as compositions K, L, M.
- compositions A, B, C, as well as the composition J were made with oils based on mixed esters not being oils according to the invention.
- compositions G, H, as well as compositions O, P were made with known vegetable oils, rapeseed oil and 85% oleic sunflower oil.
- Compositions I and N were made with commercial ester Priolube 3970.
- lubricant compositions according to the invention which are additive according to formula 1 are more resistant to oxidation than those additives according to formula 2.
- the lubricant compositions according to the invention formulated from oils based on PET esters, show a markedly improved behavior compared to compositions formulated from conventional vegetable bases (85% oleic sunflower and Colza oil).
- the composition F has a behavior similar to that of the composition I, based on commercial ester.
- All lubricating compositions made with mixed ester oils are positioned between the vegetable bases (rapeseed oil and oleic sunflower oil) and commercial synthetic ester Priolube 3970.
- the additive lubricant compositions according to Formula 2 have significantly better performance than those of vegetable bases.
- the lubricating compositions according to the invention F and M are equivalent to the compositions prepared with Priolube commercial ester 3970. Viscosimetric properties:
- Grade 30 lubricants (compositions D, E, F), and grade 20 (compositions K, L, M) could be formulated from PET oils 28-2, PET 25-3, PET 29-1 according to the invention.
- Table 8 Composition and properties of four-stroke engine lubricants: formula
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0806825A FR2939443B1 (fr) | 2008-12-05 | 2008-12-05 | Huile lubrifiante a base d'esters de polyols |
PCT/IB2009/055553 WO2010064220A1 (fr) | 2008-12-05 | 2009-12-07 | Huile lubrifiante a base d'esters de polyols |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2373768A1 true EP2373768A1 (fr) | 2011-10-12 |
EP2373768B1 EP2373768B1 (fr) | 2015-02-11 |
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ID=40756395
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP09775311.5A Not-in-force EP2373768B1 (fr) | 2008-12-05 | 2009-12-07 | Huile lubrifiante a base d'esters de polyols |
Country Status (8)
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US (1) | US20110306526A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2373768B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP5675637B2 (fr) |
KR (1) | KR101667692B1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN102300966B (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2536419T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2939443B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2010064220A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (13)
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JP5764298B2 (ja) * | 2010-03-31 | 2015-08-19 | 出光興産株式会社 | 難燃性能を有する生分解性潤滑油組成物 |
FR2987052B1 (fr) | 2012-02-17 | 2014-09-12 | Total Raffinage Marketing | Additifs ameliorant la resistance a l'usure et au lacquering de carburants de type gazole ou biogazole |
FR2992655B1 (fr) | 2012-06-29 | 2015-07-31 | Total Raffinage Marketing | Composition lubrifiante |
WO2014025357A1 (fr) * | 2012-08-10 | 2014-02-13 | L'oreal S.A. | Composition cosmétique colorée présetant une intensité de couleur augmentée |
JP6789615B2 (ja) * | 2015-03-31 | 2020-11-25 | 出光興産株式会社 | 変速機用潤滑油組成物 |
CN105001924B (zh) * | 2015-07-15 | 2016-08-17 | 东营天喜化工有限公司 | 低凝点柴油抗磨剂及其制备方法 |
CN106350170A (zh) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-01-25 | 湖南路驰能源科技有限公司 | 一种节能减排的润滑油组合物 |
CN111792993B (zh) * | 2019-04-08 | 2023-04-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 酯类化合物及其制备方法、用途 |
CN110437909B (zh) * | 2019-08-20 | 2021-08-24 | 重庆化工职业学院 | 润滑油基础油及其制备方法 |
JP7569326B2 (ja) | 2019-10-11 | 2024-10-17 | カヤバ株式会社 | 緩衝器用潤滑油組成物、緩衝器、および緩衝器用潤滑油の摩擦調整方法 |
JP7454438B2 (ja) * | 2020-04-23 | 2024-03-22 | カヤバ株式会社 | 緩衝器および緩衝器用潤滑油の摩擦特性の調整方法 |
CN113861032B (zh) * | 2020-06-30 | 2023-10-13 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 酯类化合物及其制备方法、用途和润滑油组合物 |
CN113862058B (zh) * | 2020-06-30 | 2023-01-13 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种润滑油组合物及其制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1310226A (en) * | 1969-09-17 | 1973-03-14 | Ici Ltd | Production of esters of polyols containing a neopentyl group |
JPS59133297A (ja) * | 1983-01-20 | 1984-07-31 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | 高温用潤滑油組成物 |
BR9504838A (pt) * | 1994-11-15 | 1997-10-07 | Lubrizol Corp | Ester de poliol composição de óleo lubrificante |
CN1084786C (zh) * | 1996-04-16 | 2002-05-15 | 尤尼剑马化学股份有限公司 | 液压液 |
US6391996B1 (en) * | 1999-11-30 | 2002-05-21 | Rohmax Additives Gmbh | Copolymers obtainable by the ATRP method and a method for their preparation and their use |
EP2322592A1 (fr) * | 2000-07-26 | 2011-05-18 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | Huile lubrifiante pour réfrigérateur et composition de liquides pour réfrigérateur l'utilisant |
US6551968B2 (en) * | 2001-01-05 | 2003-04-22 | Hatco Corporation | Biodegradable polyneopentyl polyol based synthetic ester blends and lubricants thereof |
US20040092411A1 (en) * | 2002-11-13 | 2004-05-13 | Godici Patrick E. | High temperature stability lubricant composition containing short chain acids and method for making the same |
US7928045B2 (en) * | 2006-02-28 | 2011-04-19 | Chemtura Corporation | Stabilizing compositions for lubricants |
-
2008
- 2008-12-05 FR FR0806825A patent/FR2939443B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2009
- 2009-12-07 ES ES09775311.5T patent/ES2536419T3/es active Active
- 2009-12-07 EP EP09775311.5A patent/EP2373768B1/fr not_active Not-in-force
- 2009-12-07 US US13/132,875 patent/US20110306526A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-12-07 JP JP2011539168A patent/JP5675637B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-12-07 CN CN200980155911.9A patent/CN102300966B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-12-07 KR KR1020117015501A patent/KR101667692B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2009-12-07 WO PCT/IB2009/055553 patent/WO2010064220A1/fr active Application Filing
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See references of WO2010064220A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2373768B1 (fr) | 2015-02-11 |
CN102300966A (zh) | 2011-12-28 |
US20110306526A1 (en) | 2011-12-15 |
JP5675637B2 (ja) | 2015-02-25 |
FR2939443B1 (fr) | 2013-01-18 |
KR101667692B1 (ko) | 2016-10-19 |
JP2012511077A (ja) | 2012-05-17 |
CN102300966B (zh) | 2015-07-29 |
WO2010064220A1 (fr) | 2010-06-10 |
ES2536419T3 (es) | 2015-05-25 |
FR2939443A1 (fr) | 2010-06-11 |
KR20110111284A (ko) | 2011-10-10 |
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