EP2372296B1 - Kinetic energy penetrator - Google Patents

Kinetic energy penetrator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2372296B1
EP2372296B1 EP20110290134 EP11290134A EP2372296B1 EP 2372296 B1 EP2372296 B1 EP 2372296B1 EP 20110290134 EP20110290134 EP 20110290134 EP 11290134 A EP11290134 A EP 11290134A EP 2372296 B1 EP2372296 B1 EP 2372296B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
kinetic energy
tungsten
nose cone
energy penetrator
elongation
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EP20110290134
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2372296A1 (en
Inventor
Nicolas Eches
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Nexter Munitions SA
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Nexter Munitions SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/04—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type
    • F42B12/06—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type with hard or heavy core; Kinetic energy penetrators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/04—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type
    • F42B12/08—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type with armour-piercing caps; with armoured cupola
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
    • F42B12/201—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type characterised by target class
    • F42B12/204—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type characterised by target class for attacking structures, e.g. specific buildings or fortifications, ships or vehicles

Definitions

  • the technical field of the invention is that of kinetic energy penetrators intended to be dispersed by a carrier such as a missile to destroy targets concreted and scraped.
  • Cruise missiles are known that are capable of destroying large concrete thicknesses (close to the meter). However, these missiles have a large mass (greater than 500 kg or even close to 1000 kg) and very expensive to implement. They are not adapted to more modest concrete targets, having a thickness of the order of a few tens of centimeters.
  • Lighter guided munitions (mass in the range of 20 to 50 kg), such as air-to-ground or ground-to-ground missiles, should be provided with the ability to perforate concrete targets. However, it is then necessary to reduce the weight of the perforator to less than 10 kilograms which greatly affects its effectiveness and also the speed imparted by the missile to this puncher remains moderate (less than 300 meters per second).
  • the patent EP965028 proposes to have a tungsten alloy ballast inside a steel casing. This solution effectively increases the mass to diameter ratio of the indenter which is favorable to perforation.
  • This penetrator is however designed to be of large diameter and mass (piercing bomb body, diameter of the order of 90mm). Although it has a small tungsten piercing tip (40mm) at its front, the mechanical characteristics of the body surrounding this tungsten tip are not sufficient to participate effectively in the perforation.
  • the object of the invention is to propose an indenter for overcoming such disadvantages.
  • the indenter according to the invention has significant perforating capacities despite a moderate speed and reduced dimensions. This penetrator is however able to generate splinters after crossing the target.
  • the subject of the invention is a kinetic energy indenter comprising a piercing body enclosing an explosive charge that can be initiated by a priming means, an indenter characterized in that the substantially cylindrical body enclosing the explosive material is extended by a shaped warhead. integrally made of tungsten-based material with high mechanical properties.
  • the thickness of the body increases gradually and continuously at its connection with the warhead.
  • the cylindrical body can be made in one piece with the ogive.
  • the warhead may carry an axial bore in which will be housed a tip made of tungsten-based material having a practical resistance at 0.2% elongation (R P0,2 ) greater than or equal to 1500 Mega Pascals and an elongation greater than 8%.
  • the body is a tubular element which is closed at its front by the ogive.
  • the body can be made of steel.
  • the body may be made of a tungsten-based material having mechanical characteristics lower than those of the material of the warhead.
  • the warhead will be made of a tungsten-based material having a practical resistance at 0.2% elongation (R P0.2 ) greater than or equal to 1500 Mega-pascals and an elongation greater than 8%.
  • the material of the body will be able to bring embrittlement favoring the fragmentation.
  • the indenter may have a length less than or equal to 500 mm and a diameter less than or equal to 100 mm.
  • a kinetic energy indenter 1 comprises a piercing body 2 which delimits an internal cavity 2a enclosing an explosive charge 3 that can be initiated by a priming means 4 (or rocket).
  • the rocket 4 will for example be designed to ensure the initiation of the explosive charge 3 after a certain delay after the impact on a target. It is then certain to initiate the explosive charge 3 once the target crossed.
  • the body 2 is substantially cylindrical and is extended by an ogive 5 made entirely of a material based on tungsten and with high mechanical characteristics.
  • the cylindrical body 2 is made in one piece with the ogive 5.
  • tungsten density greater than or equal to 17
  • high mechanical characteristics a material whose Practical resistance at 0.2% elongation (R P0.2 ) is greater than or equal to 1000 Mega-Pascals.
  • R P0.2 Practical resistance at 0.2% elongation
  • These tungsten alloys are those commonly used to make barrel ammunition arrows fired by tank cannons.
  • the patent FR2622209 describes an example of such a material.
  • the body 2 ogivé will be obtained for example by sintering.
  • the thickness E of the body 2 is also chosen to be sufficiently small for the explosive carry 3 to be maximum and that the effectiveness of the chips is ensured during the initiation of the loading 3.
  • a tungsten body with high mechanical characteristics can be achieved a wall of the body 2 having a thickness E of the order of 3 to 5 millimeters.
  • embrittlement promoting fragmentation can be provided on the outside of the body 2 embrittlement promoting fragmentation.
  • embrittlement 6 formed by a network of lines 6a, 6b delimiting the desired chips.
  • This embrittlement can be performed by laser, electron bombardment or machining.
  • the ogive 5 connects continuously with the cylindrical body 2. There is no discontinuity in the profile la external connection. Furthermore, it is also noted that the explosive material 3 comprises a front portion 3a, of length A and gradually decreasing diameter, the front portion which penetrates at the rear of the ogive 5.
  • the thickness E of the body 2 grows gradually and continuously over the entire length A. This results in improved mechanical strength during the impact of the body 2 on a target.
  • the warhead 5 does not separate from the body 2 despite the fact that the thickness E of the latter is minimized to ensure the formation of the desired chips.
  • the solid portion of the warhead 5 extends over a length B.
  • a body 2 will be defined so that the solid length B is between 20% and 35% of the total length L of the body 2. This ensures a length LA of the fragment generating portion to obtain a satisfactory amount of splinters.
  • the alloys of tungsten have a density substantially double that of steel.
  • the volume of material of the body itself can thus be halved for a comparable mass of penetrator, which allows a higher explosive carry and gives a large body length with efficient fragmentation (length L-A-B).
  • the length L-A-B can thus represent nearly 70% of the total length L.
  • a penetrator of the same mass having a steel body and of which only the warhead 5 is made of tungsten alloy will have a useful fragmentable length which will not exceed 40% of the total length.
  • tungsten makes it possible to obtain splinters which, for a given mass, are half the size of steel splinters. This results in a reduction in the aerodynamic drag of the bursts, thus increasing their speed of impact at great distances.
  • the perforation capabilities of the chips are also increased because of their higher density. Splinters are therefore much more effective, especially at a great distance.
  • the dimensions of tungsten chips being smaller, there will be more fragments on the same length of indenter.
  • the figure 2 shows a second embodiment which differs from the previous one in that the body 2 is a tubular element which is closed at its front by the ogive 5.
  • a securing means such as a thread or radial pins (not shown).
  • the nose 5 has a rear portion 5a thinned which is positioned on a cylindrical surface 2b of the front of the cylindrical body 2.
  • the body 2 also abuts against a shoulder 5b of the nose 5, while the rear of the warhead is in abutment against a countersink 2c of the body 2.
  • the explosive material 3 comprises a front portion 3a, of length A and gradually decreasing diameter, which penetrates at the rear of the ogive 5.
  • the thickness E of the body 2 carrying the warhead 5 grows gradually and continuously over the entire length A. This again results in improved mechanical strength during the impact of the body 2 on a target.
  • the body 2 will also be made of a material based on tungsten. However, the material of the body 2 may be given mechanical characteristics inferior to those of the material of the warhead 5.
  • a perforating ogive made of a tungsten-based material having a practical resistance at 0.2% elongation (R P0.2 ) greater than or equal to 1500 mega-pascals and an elongation greater than 8%. and a body 2 made of a tungsten-based material having a practical 0.2% strength between 700 and 900 mega-pascals and an elongation greater than 20%.
  • the material of the ogive 5 is a material used in the kinetic perforators (ammunition arrow for tank). Such a material is described for example by the patent EP313484 . Such mechanical characteristics are obtained generally by the implementation, after the sintering steps, of a wrought (or hardening), the patent EP313484 describes in detail such a manufacturing method.
  • the material of the body 2 is a sintered and uncorrealed tungsten alloy.
  • the patent EP349446 describes in its preamble a process for obtaining such a material.
  • Such an embodiment makes it possible to optimize the material of the body 2 for the formation of fragments while the material of the ogive 5 is optimized for perforation.
  • the external surface of the body 2 can carry embrittlement 6.
  • the figure 3 shows an alternative embodiment in which the body 2 comprises as in the mode according to the figure 1 a warhead before 5 made of the same material as that of the body 2.
  • the nose 5 comprises an axial bore 8 in which is placed a front tip 7 fixed by threading or gluing.
  • the front part of the ogive 5 bears against a shoulder 7a of the tip 7.
  • This tip is made of an alloy with high mechanical characteristics having a practical resistance to 0.2% elongation (R P0,2 ) greater than or equal to 1,500 mega-pascals and an elongation greater than 8%.
  • the remainder of the body 2 is made of an alloy optimized for fragmentation (R P0.2 between 700 and 900 mega-pascals and elongation greater than 20%).
  • the tip extends axially to the explosive charge 3.
  • the thickness E of the body 2 increases regularly over the entire length A of the front portion 3a of the explosive charge 3.

Description

Le domaine technique de l'invention est celui des pénétrateurs à énergie cinétique destinés à être dispersés par un porteur tel un missile pour détruire des cibles bétonnées et ferraillées.The technical field of the invention is that of kinetic energy penetrators intended to be dispersed by a carrier such as a missile to destroy targets concreted and scraped.

On connaît des missiles de croisière qui sont capables de détruire des épaisseurs de béton importantes (voisines du mètre). Cependant ces missiles sont de masse importante (supérieure à 500 kg voire voisine de 1000 kg) et très coûteux à mettre en oeuvre. Ils ne sont pas adaptés à des cibles bétonnées plus modestes, ayant une épaisseur de l'ordre de quelques dizaines de centimètres.Cruise missiles are known that are capable of destroying large concrete thicknesses (close to the meter). However, these missiles have a large mass (greater than 500 kg or even close to 1000 kg) and very expensive to implement. They are not adapted to more modest concrete targets, having a thickness of the order of a few tens of centimeters.

Il est nécessaire pour de telles cibles d'utiliser les tirs d'artillerie qui le plus souvent nécessitent le tir de plusieurs obus et n'ont pas la précision souhaitée pour des "frappes chirurgicales" dans un contexte urbain.It is necessary for such targets to use artillery fire that most often require firing multiple shells and lack the desired accuracy for "surgical strikes" in an urban context.

Il serait souhaitable de doter des munitions guidées plus légères (masse de l'ordre de 20 à 50 kg), telles que les missiles air/sol ou sol/sol, de la capacité de perforer les cibles bétonnées. Cependant il est alors nécessaire de réduire la masse du perforateur à moins de 10 kilogrammes ce qui nuit fortement à son efficacité et par ailleurs la vitesse communiquée par le missile à ce perforateur reste modérée (inférieure à 300 mètres par seconde).Lighter guided munitions (mass in the range of 20 to 50 kg), such as air-to-ground or ground-to-ground missiles, should be provided with the ability to perforate concrete targets. However, it is then necessary to reduce the weight of the perforator to less than 10 kilograms which greatly affects its effectiveness and also the speed imparted by the missile to this puncher remains moderate (less than 300 meters per second).

En outre, il est nécessaire le plus souvent de réaliser des munitions ayant un certain rayon létal, c'est à dire engendrant des éclats lors de l'initiation de l'explosif. Ceci impose de pouvoir mettre en place dans le perforateur une masse d'explosif suffisamment importante pour communiquer une vitesse efficace aux éclats (ce qui réduit encore la masse dévolue au corps perforant, donc son efficacité).In addition, it is most often necessary to produce ammunition having a certain lethal radius, that is to say generating splinters during the initiation of the explosive. This requires being able to set up in the perforator a mass of explosive large enough to communicate an effective speed to the chips (which further reduces the weight devolving to the piercing body, so its effectiveness).

Différents concepts ont été proposés pour permettre de réaliser un tel pénétrateur.Various concepts have been proposed to enable such an indenter to be realized.

Le brevet EP965028 propose ainsi de disposer un lest en alliage de tungstène à l'intérieur d'une enveloppe en acier. Cette solution permet effectivement d'accroître le rapport masse sur diamètre du pénétrateur ce qui est favorable à la perforation.The patent EP965028 proposes to have a tungsten alloy ballast inside a steel casing. This solution effectively increases the mass to diameter ratio of the indenter which is favorable to perforation.

Cependant les caractéristiques mécaniques de l'alliage de tungstène qui est mis en oeuvre ne sont pas adaptées à la pénétration ce qui limite l'efficacité perforante de ce pénétrateur.However, the mechanical characteristics of the tungsten alloy which is used are not suitable for penetration which limits the perforating efficiency of this penetrator.

On connaît également par le brevet EP1701131 un pénétrateur associant un corps en acier de grand diamètre et un insert avant de diamètre réduit qui est réalisé en alliage de tungstène à hautes caractéristiques mécaniques et qui se loge dans un alésage avant du corps.It is also known from the patent EP1701131 a penetrator associating a large diameter steel body and a reduced diameter front insert made of a high mechanical strength tungsten alloy and which is housed in a front bore of the body.

Ce pénétrateur est cependant conçu pour être de diamètre et de masse importants (corps de bombe perforante, diamètre de l'ordre de 90mm). Même s'il comporte une pointe perforante de tungstène de calibre réduit (40mm) à sa partie avant, les caractéristiques mécaniques du corps qui entoure cette pointe de tungstène ne sont pas suffisantes pour participer de façon efficace à la perforation.This penetrator is however designed to be of large diameter and mass (piercing bomb body, diameter of the order of 90mm). Although it has a small tungsten piercing tip (40mm) at its front, the mechanical characteristics of the body surrounding this tungsten tip are not sufficient to participate effectively in the perforation.

L'invention a pour objet de proposer un pénétrateur permettant de pallier de tels inconvénients.The object of the invention is to propose an indenter for overcoming such disadvantages.

Le pénétrateur selon l'invention a des capacités perforantes importantes malgré une vitesse modérée et des dimensions réduites. Ce pénétrateur est cependant capable d'engendrer des éclats après sa traversée de la cible.The indenter according to the invention has significant perforating capacities despite a moderate speed and reduced dimensions. This penetrator is however able to generate splinters after crossing the target.

Ainsi l'invention a pour objet un pénétrateur à énergie cinétique comportant un corps de perforation renfermant un chargement explosif pouvant être initié par un moyen d'amorçage, pénétrateur caractérisé en ce que le corps sensiblement cylindrique renfermant le matériau explosif est prolongé par une ogive réalisée intégralement en un matériau à base de tungstène et à hautes caractéristiques mécaniques.Thus, the subject of the invention is a kinetic energy indenter comprising a piercing body enclosing an explosive charge that can be initiated by a priming means, an indenter characterized in that the substantially cylindrical body enclosing the explosive material is extended by a shaped warhead. integrally made of tungsten-based material with high mechanical properties.

Selon une caractéristique, l'épaisseur du corps croît progressivement et de façon continue au niveau de son raccordement avec l'ogive.According to one characteristic, the thickness of the body increases gradually and continuously at its connection with the warhead.

Selon un mode de réalisation, le corps cylindrique pourra être réalisé d'une seule pièce avec l'ogive.According to one embodiment, the cylindrical body can be made in one piece with the ogive.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation, l'ogive pourra porter un perçage axial dans lequel se logera une pointe réalisée en matériau à base de tungstène ayant une résistance pratique à 0,2% d'allongement (RP0,2) supérieure ou égale à 1500 Méga-pascals et un allongement supérieur à 8%.According to another embodiment, the warhead may carry an axial bore in which will be housed a tip made of tungsten-based material having a practical resistance at 0.2% elongation (R P0,2 ) greater than or equal to 1500 Mega Pascals and an elongation greater than 8%.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation, le corps est un élément tubulaire qui est obturé à sa partie avant par l'ogive.According to another embodiment, the body is a tubular element which is closed at its front by the ogive.

Le corps pourra être réalisé en acier.The body can be made of steel.

Le corps pourra être réalisé en un matériau à base de tungstène ayant des caractéristiques mécaniques inférieures à celles du matériau de l'ogive.The body may be made of a tungsten-based material having mechanical characteristics lower than those of the material of the warhead.

Dans ce cas, l'ogive sera réalisée en un matériau à base de tungstène ayant une résistance pratique à 0,2% d'allongement (RP0,2) supérieure ou égale à 1500 Méga-pascals et un allongement supérieur à 8%.In this case, the warhead will be made of a tungsten-based material having a practical resistance at 0.2% elongation (R P0.2 ) greater than or equal to 1500 Mega-pascals and an elongation greater than 8%.

Le matériau du corps pourra porter une fragilisation favorisant la fragmentation.The material of the body will be able to bring embrittlement favoring the fragmentation.

Le pénétrateur pourra avoir une longueur inférieure ou égale à 500 mm et un diamètre inférieur ou égal à 100mm.The indenter may have a length less than or equal to 500 mm and a diameter less than or equal to 100 mm.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre de différents modes de réalisation, description faite en référence aux dessins annexés et dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 montre en demi-vue, demi-coupe longitudinale un pénétrateur selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 2 montre en demi-vue, demi-coupe longitudinale un pénétrateur selon un second mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 3 montre en demi-vue, demi-coupe longitudinale un pénétrateur selon un troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention.
The invention will be better understood on reading the following description of various embodiments, a description given with reference to the appended drawings and in which:
  • the figure 1 shows in half-view, longitudinal half-section an indenter according to a first embodiment of the invention,
  • the figure 2 shows in half-view, longitudinal half-section an indenter according to a second embodiment of the invention,
  • the figure 3 shows in half-view, longitudinal half-section an indenter according to a third embodiment of the invention.

En se reportant à la figure 1, un pénétrateur 1 à énergie cinétique selon l'invention comporte un corps de perforation 2 qui délimite une cavité interne 2a renfermant un chargement explosif 3 pouvant être initié par un moyen d'amorçage 4 (ou fusée). La fusée 4 sera par exemple conçue de façon à n'assurer l'initiation du chargement explosif 3 qu'après un certain retard après l'impact sur une cible. On est alors certain de n'initier le chargement explosif 3 qu'une fois la cible traversée.Referring to the figure 1 , a kinetic energy indenter 1 according to the invention comprises a piercing body 2 which delimits an internal cavity 2a enclosing an explosive charge 3 that can be initiated by a priming means 4 (or rocket). The rocket 4 will for example be designed to ensure the initiation of the explosive charge 3 after a certain delay after the impact on a target. It is then certain to initiate the explosive charge 3 once the target crossed.

Le corps 2 est sensiblement cylindrique et il est prolongé par une ogive 5 réalisée intégralement en un matériau à base de tungstène et à hautes caractéristiques mécaniques.The body 2 is substantially cylindrical and is extended by an ogive 5 made entirely of a material based on tungsten and with high mechanical characteristics.

Selon le mode de réalisation représenté à la figure 1, le corps cylindrique 2 est réalisé d'une seule pièce avec l'ogive 5.According to the embodiment shown in figure 1 , the cylindrical body 2 is made in one piece with the ogive 5.

On choisira comme matériau commun pour le corps 2 et l'ogive 5 un matériau à base de tungstène (densité supérieure ou égale à 17) et à hautes caractéristiques mécaniques. On entend par hautes caractéristiques mécaniques un matériau dont la Résistance pratique à 0,2% d'allongement (RP0,2) est supérieure ou égale à 1000 Méga-Pascals. Ces alliages de tungstène sont ceux couramment utilisés pour réaliser les barreaux de munitions flèches tirées par les canons de char. Le brevet FR2622209 décrit un exemple d'un tel matériau.As a common material for the body 2 and the ogive 5 will be chosen a material based on tungsten (density greater than or equal to 17) and high mechanical characteristics. By high mechanical characteristics is meant a material whose Practical resistance at 0.2% elongation (R P0.2 ) is greater than or equal to 1000 Mega-Pascals. These tungsten alloys are those commonly used to make barrel ammunition arrows fired by tank cannons. The patent FR2622209 describes an example of such a material.

Le corps 2 ogivé sera obtenu par exemple par frittage. L'épaisseur E du corps 2 est par ailleurs choisie suffisamment faible pour que l'emport d'explosif 3 soit maximal et que l'efficacité des éclats soit assurée lors de l'initiation du chargement 3. Pour un corps en tungstène à hautes caractéristiques mécaniques on pourra réaliser une paroi du corps 2 ayant une épaisseur E de l'ordre de 3 à 5 millimètres.The body 2 ogivé will be obtained for example by sintering. The thickness E of the body 2 is also chosen to be sufficiently small for the explosive carry 3 to be maximum and that the effectiveness of the chips is ensured during the initiation of the loading 3. For a tungsten body with high mechanical characteristics can be achieved a wall of the body 2 having a thickness E of the order of 3 to 5 millimeters.

Pour contrôler la taille des éclats engendrés on pourra prévoir sur l'extérieur du corps 2 une fragilisation favorisant la fragmentation. A titre d'exemple on a représenté sur la demi-vue inférieure de la figure 1 une fragilisation 6 formée par un réseau de lignes 6a,6b délimitant les éclats souhaités. Cette fragilisation pourra être réalisée par laser, par bombardement électronique ou par usinage.To control the size of the generated chips can be provided on the outside of the body 2 embrittlement promoting fragmentation. By way of example, it is shown on the lower half-view of the figure 1 embrittlement 6 formed by a network of lines 6a, 6b delimiting the desired chips. This embrittlement can be performed by laser, electron bombardment or machining.

On voit sur la figure 1 que l'ogive 5 se raccorde de façon continue avec le corps cylindrique 2. Il n'y a pas de discontinuité au niveau du profil la de raccordement externe. Par ailleurs, on remarque également que le matériau explosif 3 comporte une partie avant 3a, de longueur A et de diamètre progressivement décroissant, partie avant qui pénètre au niveau de l'arrière de l'ogive 5.We see on the figure 1 that the ogive 5 connects continuously with the cylindrical body 2. There is no discontinuity in the profile la external connection. Furthermore, it is also noted that the explosive material 3 comprises a front portion 3a, of length A and gradually decreasing diameter, the front portion which penetrates at the rear of the ogive 5.

Ainsi l'épaisseur E du corps 2 croît progressivement et de façon continue sur toute la longueur A. Il en résulte une résistance mécanique améliorée lors de l'impact du corps 2 sur une cible. L'ogive 5 ne se sépare pas du corps 2 malgré le fait que l'épaisseur E de ce dernier est minimisée pour assurer la formation des éclats souhaités.Thus the thickness E of the body 2 grows gradually and continuously over the entire length A. This results in improved mechanical strength during the impact of the body 2 on a target. The warhead 5 does not separate from the body 2 despite the fact that the thickness E of the latter is minimized to ensure the formation of the desired chips.

La partie massive de l'ogive 5 s'étend sur une longueur B. On définira un corps 2 de telle sorte que la longueur massive B soit comprise entre 20% et 35 % de la longueur totale L du corps 2. Ceci assure une longueur L-A de la partie génératrice d'éclats permettant d'obtenir une quantité d'éclats satisfaisante.The solid portion of the warhead 5 extends over a length B. A body 2 will be defined so that the solid length B is between 20% and 35% of the total length L of the body 2. This ensures a length LA of the fragment generating portion to obtain a satisfactory amount of splinters.

Une telle définition assure le meilleur compromis au niveau du corps 2 entre son efficacité perforante et son efficacité comme générateur d'éclats.Such a definition ensures the best compromise at the level of the body 2 between its perforating efficiency and its effectiveness as a chip generator.

On note en effet que les alliages de tungstène ont une densité sensiblement double de celle de l'acier. Le volume de matériau du corps lui-même peut donc être divisé par deux pour une masse de pénétrateur comparable, ce qui permet un emport d'explosif supérieur et donne une grande longueur de corps ayant une fragmentation efficace (longueur L-A-B). La longueur L-A-B peut ainsi représenter près de 70% de la longueur totale L.It is noted that the alloys of tungsten have a density substantially double that of steel. The volume of material of the body itself can thus be halved for a comparable mass of penetrator, which allows a higher explosive carry and gives a large body length with efficient fragmentation (length L-A-B). The length L-A-B can thus represent nearly 70% of the total length L.

A titre comparatif un pénétrateur de même masse ayant un corps en acier et dont seule l'ogive 5 est réalisée en alliage de tungstène aura une longueur utile fragmentable qui ne dépassera pas 40% de la longueur totale.For comparison, a penetrator of the same mass having a steel body and of which only the warhead 5 is made of tungsten alloy will have a useful fragmentable length which will not exceed 40% of the total length.

La densité du tungstène permet d'obtenir des éclats qui, pour une masse donnée, sont deux fois plus petits que les éclats d'acier. Il en résulte une diminution de la traînée aérodynamique des éclats donc une augmentation de leur vitesse d'impact à grande distance. Les capacités de perforation des éclats sont par ailleurs augmentées en raison de leur densité supérieure. Les éclats sont donc beaucoup plus efficaces, surtout à grande distance. Enfin, à masse d'éclat égale, les dimensions des éclats en tungstène étant plus petites, on aura plus de fragments sur une même longueur de pénétrateur.The density of tungsten makes it possible to obtain splinters which, for a given mass, are half the size of steel splinters. This results in a reduction in the aerodynamic drag of the bursts, thus increasing their speed of impact at great distances. The perforation capabilities of the chips are also increased because of their higher density. Splinters are therefore much more effective, especially at a great distance. Finally, with an equal mass of brightness, the dimensions of tungsten chips being smaller, there will be more fragments on the same length of indenter.

Grâce à l'invention il est ainsi possible de réaliser un pénétrateur ayant un diamètre inférieur à 90mm et de longueur inférieure à 500mm.Thanks to the invention it is thus possible to produce an indenter having a diameter of less than 90 mm and a length of less than 500 mm.

La figure 2 montre un deuxième mode de réalisation qui diffère du précédent en ce que le corps 2 est un élément tubulaire qui est obturé à sa partie avant par l'ogive 5.The figure 2 shows a second embodiment which differs from the previous one in that the body 2 is a tubular element which is closed at its front by the ogive 5.

Il y a donc ici deux pièces distinctes qui sont liées l'une à l'autre par un moyen de solidarisation tel qu'un filetage ou des goupilles radiales (non représentées).There are therefore two separate parts here which are connected to one another by a securing means such as a thread or radial pins (not shown).

L'ogive 5 comporte une partie arrière 5a amincie qui se positionne sur une portée cylindrique 2b de l'avant du corps cylindrique 2. Le corps 2 vient également en butée contre un épaulement 5b de l'ogive 5, tandis que l'arrière de l'ogive est en butée contre un lamage 2c du corps 2. Ces usinages sont réalisés de telle sorte qu'il n'y a pas d'aspérité ni de discontinuités géométriques du profil du pénétrateur lors du passage de l'ogive 5 au corps cylindrique 2, et ce aussi bien au niveau du profil externe qu'au niveau du profil interne recevant l'explosif 3.The nose 5 has a rear portion 5a thinned which is positioned on a cylindrical surface 2b of the front of the cylindrical body 2. The body 2 also abuts against a shoulder 5b of the nose 5, while the rear of the warhead is in abutment against a countersink 2c of the body 2. These machining operations are carried out in such a way that there is no roughness or geometric discontinuities in the profile of the penetrator during the passage from the warhead 5 to the body cylindrical 2, and this both at the level of the external profile at the level of the internal profile receiving the explosive 3.

On remarque également que, comme dans le mode de réalisation précédent, le matériau explosif 3 comporte une partie avant 3a, de longueur A et de diamètre progressivement décroissant, qui pénètre au niveau de l'arrière de l'ogive 5.Note also that, as in the previous embodiment, the explosive material 3 comprises a front portion 3a, of length A and gradually decreasing diameter, which penetrates at the rear of the ogive 5.

Ainsi l'épaisseur E du corps 2 portant l'ogive 5 croît progressivement et de façon continue sur toute la longueur A. Il en résulte là encore une résistance mécanique améliorée lors de l'impact du corps 2 sur une cible.Thus the thickness E of the body 2 carrying the warhead 5 grows gradually and continuously over the entire length A. This again results in improved mechanical strength during the impact of the body 2 on a target.

Le corps 2 sera lui aussi réalisé en un matériau à base de tungstène. Cependant on pourra donner au matériau du corps 2 des caractéristiques mécaniques inférieures à celles du matériau de l'ogive 5.The body 2 will also be made of a material based on tungsten. However, the material of the body 2 may be given mechanical characteristics inferior to those of the material of the warhead 5.

On pourra par exemple associer une ogive 5 perforante réalisée en un matériau à base de tungstène ayant une Résistance pratique à 0,2% d'allongement (RP0,2) supérieure ou égale à 1500 Méga-pascals et un allongement supérieur à 8% et un corps 2 réalisé en un matériau à base de tungstène ayant une Résistance pratique à 0,2% comprise entre 700 et 900 Méga-pascals et un allongement supérieur à 20%.For example, it is possible to combine a perforating ogive made of a tungsten-based material having a practical resistance at 0.2% elongation (R P0.2 ) greater than or equal to 1500 mega-pascals and an elongation greater than 8%. and a body 2 made of a tungsten-based material having a practical 0.2% strength between 700 and 900 mega-pascals and an elongation greater than 20%.

Le matériau de l'ogive 5 est un matériau mis en oeuvre dans les perforants cinétiques (munition flèche pour canon de char). Un tel matériau est décrit par exemple par le brevet EP313484 . De telles caractéristiques mécaniques sont obtenues généralement par la mise en oeuvre, après les étapes de frittage, d'un corroyage (ou écrouissage), le brevet EP313484 décrit en détail un tel procédé de fabrication.The material of the ogive 5 is a material used in the kinetic perforators (ammunition arrow for tank). Such a material is described for example by the patent EP313484 . Such mechanical characteristics are obtained generally by the implementation, after the sintering steps, of a wrought (or hardening), the patent EP313484 describes in detail such a manufacturing method.

Le matériau du corps 2 est un alliage de tungstène fritté et non corroyé. Le brevet EP349446 décrit dans son préambule un procédé d'obtention d'un tel matériau.The material of the body 2 is a sintered and uncorrealed tungsten alloy. The patent EP349446 describes in its preamble a process for obtaining such a material.

Un tel mode de réalisation permet d'optimiser le matériau du corps 2 pour la formation d'éclats tandis que le matériau de l'ogive 5 est optimisé pour la perforation.Such an embodiment makes it possible to optimize the material of the body 2 for the formation of fragments while the material of the ogive 5 is optimized for perforation.

Comme dans le mode de réalisation précédent la surface externe du corps 2 pourra porter des fragilisations 6.As in the previous embodiment, the external surface of the body 2 can carry embrittlement 6.

Selon une variante de réalisation (non représentée), on pourra associer un corps cylindrique 2 en acier et une ogive 5 en tungstène à haute caractéristiques mécaniques (RP0,2 supérieure ou égale à 1000 ou de façon préférée un matériau ayant une RP0,2 supérieure ou égale à 1500 Méga-pascals avec un allongement supérieur à 8%).According to an alternative embodiment (not shown), it will be possible to associate a cylindrical body 2 made of steel and a high tungsten ogive 5 with high mechanical characteristics (R P0,2 greater than or equal to 1000 or, preferably, a material having an R P0, 2 greater than or equal to 1500 mega pascals with an elongation greater than 8%).

Une telle variante permet de réduire le coût du pénétrateur 1 mais ce dernier présente alors une efficacité moindre. Il est en effet nécessaire d'augmenter l'épaisseur E de la paroi d'acier par rapport à la solution pour laquelle le corps 2 est en tungstène, ou bien d'allonger l'ogive en tungstène afin de conserver la masse.Such a variant makes it possible to reduce the cost of the indenter 1 but the latter then has less efficiency. It is indeed necessary to increase the thickness E of the steel wall with respect to the solution for which the body 2 is made of tungsten, or to lengthen the tungsten ogive in order to preserve the mass.

La figure 3 montre une variante de réalisation dans laquelle le corps 2 comporte comme dans le mode selon la figure 1 une ogive avant 5 réalisée dans le même matériau que celui du corps 2. Il diffère cependant de ce mode en ce que l'ogive 5 comporte un perçage axial 8 dans lequel est placée une pointe avant 7 fixée par filetage ou collage. La partie avant de l'ogive 5 est en appui contre un épaulement 7a de la pointe 7. Cette pointe est réalisée en un alliage à hautes caractéristiques mécaniques ayant une résistance pratique à 0,2% d'allongement (RP0,2) supérieure ou égale à 1500 Méga-pascals et un allongement supérieur à 8%. Le reste du corps 2 est réalisé en un alliage optimisé pour la fragmentation (RP0,2 comprise entre 700 et 900 Méga-pascals et allongement supérieur à 20%).The figure 3 shows an alternative embodiment in which the body 2 comprises as in the mode according to the figure 1 a warhead before 5 made of the same material as that of the body 2. However, it differs from this mode in that the nose 5 comprises an axial bore 8 in which is placed a front tip 7 fixed by threading or gluing. The front part of the ogive 5 bears against a shoulder 7a of the tip 7. This tip is made of an alloy with high mechanical characteristics having a practical resistance to 0.2% elongation (R P0,2 ) greater than or equal to 1,500 mega-pascals and an elongation greater than 8%. The remainder of the body 2 is made of an alloy optimized for fragmentation (R P0.2 between 700 and 900 mega-pascals and elongation greater than 20%).

La pointe s'étend axialement jusqu'au chargement explosif 3. On voit là encore que l'épaisseur E du corps 2 croît régulièrement sur toute la longueur A de la partie avant 3a du chargement explosif 3.The tip extends axially to the explosive charge 3. Here again it can be seen that the thickness E of the body 2 increases regularly over the entire length A of the front portion 3a of the explosive charge 3.

Claims (9)

  1. A kinetic energy penetrator (1) incorporating a penetration body (2) enclosing an explosive charge (3) able to be ignited by priming means (4), penetrator wherein the substantially cylindrical body enclosing the explosive material is extended by a nose cone (5) entirely made of a tungsten-based material with high mechanical properties, the body (2) being a tubular element that is closed off at its front part by the nose cone (5).
  2. A kinetic energy penetrator according to Claim 1, wherein the thickness of the body (2) gradually and constantly increases towards the nose cone (5).
  3. A kinetic energy penetrator according to one of Claims 1 or 2, wherein the cylindrical body (2) is made in a single piece with the nose cone (5).
  4. A kinetic energy penetrator according to Claim 3, wherein the nose cone (5) has an axial drill hole (8) that houses a tip (7) made of a tungsten-based material having a practical strength at 0.2% elongation (RP0.2) greater than or equal to 1,500 Megapascals and an elongation of more than 8%.
  5. A kinetic energy penetrator according to Claim 1, wherein the body (2) is made of steel.
  6. A kinetic energy penetrator according to Claims 1, wherein the body (2) is made of a tungsten-based material having mechanical properties that are lower than those of the material constituting the nose cone (5).
  7. A kinetic energy penetrator according to Claim 6, wherein the nose cone (5) is made of a tungsten-based material having a practical strength at 0.2% elongation (RP0.2) greater than or equal to 1,500 Megapascals and an elongation of more than 8%.
  8. A kinetic energy penetrator according to one of Claims 1 to 7, wherein the material constituting the body (2) has an embrittled zone (6) facilitating fragmentation.
  9. A kinetic energy penetrator according to one of Claims 1 to 8, wherein the penetrator (1) is of a length that is less than or equal to 500 mm and a diameter of less than or equal to 100 mm.
EP20110290134 2010-03-30 2011-03-16 Kinetic energy penetrator Active EP2372296B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1001301A FR2958391B1 (en) 2010-03-30 2010-03-30 PENETRATEUR WITH KINETIC ENERGY.

Publications (2)

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EP2372296A1 EP2372296A1 (en) 2011-10-05
EP2372296B1 true EP2372296B1 (en) 2013-05-29

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8985026B2 (en) * 2011-11-22 2015-03-24 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Penetrator round assembly
FR2987891B1 (en) 2012-03-06 2014-09-26 Nexter Munitions PROJECTILE UNDER CALIBER HAVING A DRAINED HEAD STRUCTURE
CN113188381B (en) * 2021-04-02 2022-08-19 西安近代化学研究所 Mechanical fusion device for improving floating capacity by increasing bubble volume

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4573412A (en) * 1984-04-27 1986-03-04 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Plug nozzle kinetic energy penetrator rocket
FR2622209B1 (en) 1987-10-23 1990-01-26 Cime Bocuze HEAVY DUTIES OF TUNGSTENE-NICKEL-IRON WITH VERY HIGH MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SAID ALLOYS
DE3802002A1 (en) * 1988-01-25 1989-08-10 Kaltmann Hans Joachim Projectile without any detonator or explosive, for weapons with barrels
FR2633205B1 (en) 1988-06-22 1992-04-30 Cime Bocuze PROCESS FOR DIRECT SHAPING AND OPTIMIZATION OF THE MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HIGH-DENSITY TUNGSTEN ALLOY PERFORMING PROJECTILES
US5939662A (en) 1997-12-03 1999-08-17 Raytheon Company Missile warhead design
ATE408801T1 (en) * 1997-12-11 2008-10-15 Lockheed Corp AIRCRAFT BOMB WITH A NOSE COVER
US6276277B1 (en) * 1999-04-22 2001-08-21 Lockheed Martin Corporation Rocket-boosted guided hard target penetrator
FR2860579B1 (en) * 2003-10-03 2007-10-05 Giat Ind Sa PERFORATING MUNITION
US8171851B2 (en) * 2009-04-01 2012-05-08 Kennametal Inc. Kinetic energy penetrator

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ES2425929T3 (en) 2013-10-18
EP2372296A1 (en) 2011-10-05
FR2958391A1 (en) 2011-10-07
FR2958391B1 (en) 2012-07-27

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