EP0138640B1 - Explosive charge for military use - Google Patents
Explosive charge for military use Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0138640B1 EP0138640B1 EP19840401680 EP84401680A EP0138640B1 EP 0138640 B1 EP0138640 B1 EP 0138640B1 EP 19840401680 EP19840401680 EP 19840401680 EP 84401680 A EP84401680 A EP 84401680A EP 0138640 B1 EP0138640 B1 EP 0138640B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- explosive charge
- charge
- stage
- relay
- explosive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
- F42C19/00—Details of fuzes
- F42C19/08—Primers; Detonators
- F42C19/0838—Primers or igniters for the initiation or the explosive charge in a warhead
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B1/00—Explosive charges characterised by form or shape but not dependent on shape of container
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
- F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
- F42B12/22—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type with fragmentation-hull construction
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
- F42C19/00—Details of fuzes
- F42C19/08—Primers; Detonators
- F42C19/095—Arrangements of a multiplicity of primers or detonators, dispersed around a warhead, one of the primers or detonators being selected for directional detonation effects
Definitions
- the invention relates to a military charge of the type with symmetry of revolution about a longitudinal axis, comprising a weakened cylindrical envelope, containing an external explosive mass and an internal explosive mass provided with a priming relay.
- This invention concerning the military charges used in missiles, finds a particularly important application, although not exclusive, during interceptions of airplanes and missiles whose structural destruction occurs from a known value of the ratio between the kinetic energy of the fragments piercing the target and its surface receiving these impacts.
- the shrapnel it is appropriate for the shrapnel to have the same mass, be animated at the same speed and arrive simultaneously on the target, according to substantially parallel trajectories, contained in the envelope of the meridian planes of the load. , limited to the length thereof.
- the formation of the cylindrical detonation wave ensures that the fragments are put into simultaneous speed, thus meeting the destruction criteria defined above.
- a military charge of the type defined above is known, the explosive mass of which is designed to generate a cylindrical detonation when it reaches said envelope (FR-A-2 280 053).
- the internal stage consists of rapid and slow explosive compositions. Since the ratio between the thickness of the rapid explosive composition and the thickness of the slow explosive composition varies with the distance from the relay, it is impossible to apply constant energy to the external mass over the entire axial length of this mass.
- the invention aims to provide a charge of the type defined above making it possible to obtain flashes of the same energy.
- the explosive mass may include a central cavity, possibly occupied by a dense nucleus.
- the outer casing will generally be made of steel or light alloy, although it is also possible to envisage the use of various dense materials and alloys.
- the priming relay By dividing the mass into an internal frustoconical stage externally coated with a metallic coating radially separated from an external cylindrical annular stage surrounding the first, the priming relay being placed at the top of the cone, it is possible to carry out the charge at using a single explosive composition.
- Two frustoconical stages can be associated symmetrically according to the requirements of size and elongation, the pyrotechnic relay being placed at their top.
- the charge shown in solid lines in FIG. 1, of the multi-stage type comprises a thick casing 10 for forming flakes containing a mass of explosive composition.
- This mass consists of an external block or stage 12 of cylindrical annular shape and an internal block or stage 14 whose external surface is of frustoconical shape.
- Stage 14 is provided with a metallic coating which is projected onto the second stage 12 initiated by impact.
- a pyrotechnic relay 18 is placed against the small base of the internal stage 14.
- the conicity of the casing 16 is provided so that it takes a cylindrical configuration before impact on the stage 12. After priming of the stage 12 , the envelope 16 plays the role of dynamic confinement and, consequently, makes the explosive of stage 12 work with better efficiency.
- the central cavity 20 of the block may be occupied by a dense core; its geometry can, moreover, reduce side effects.
- Flanges 22 can be provided to further reduce the edge effects, moreover more reduced in the case of a divergent cylindrical detonation wave than in the case of a sweeping detonation wave.
- the explosion of the stage 12 creates in the envelope 10 stresses which are essentially circumferential and radial.
- pre-fragmentation lines constituted by large circles 24 and generators 26 will be used. obtained by any of the usual means, in particular by cutting the wall and / or by local change in metallurgical structure obtained by localized heating, in particular using an electron beam.
- the axial weakening lines can be offset when passing from a crown delimited by two circles 24 to the next crown, so as to be placed along a helix 28, as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 2.
- This solution is particularly advantageous when several type modules are shown side by side shown in FIG. 1, the relays 18 of which are associated with a priming system which allows at will to control either all the relays simultaneously, or only the central relay. In the latter case, the fragmentation of the envelope is favored since there is a full field of axial, radial and circumferential stresses.
Description
L'invention concerne une charge militaire du type à symétrie de révolution autour d'un axe longitudinal, comportant une enveloppe cylindrique fragilisée, contenant une masse explosive externe et une masse explosive interne munie d'un relais d'amorçage.The invention relates to a military charge of the type with symmetry of revolution about a longitudinal axis, comprising a weakened cylindrical envelope, containing an external explosive mass and an internal explosive mass provided with a priming relay.
Cette invention, concernant les charges militaires utilisées dans les missiles, trouve une application particulièrement importante, bien que non exclusive, lors d'interceptions d'avions et de missible dont la destruction structurale intervient à partir d'une valeur connue du rapport entre l'énergie cinétique des éclats perforant la cible et sa surface recevant ces impacts.This invention, concerning the military charges used in missiles, finds a particularly important application, although not exclusive, during interceptions of airplanes and missiles whose structural destruction occurs from a known value of the ratio between the kinetic energy of the fragments piercing the target and its surface receiving these impacts.
Il est donc nécessaire de contrôler cette valeur en fonction de la distance de passage et des conditions de rapprochement charge-cible.It is therefore necessary to control this value according to the passage distance and the load-target approximation conditions.
Pour atteindre ce résultat, il est opportun que les éclats de la gerbe aient la même masse, soient animés d'une même vitesse et arrivent simultanémet sur la cible, selon des trajectoires sensiblement parallèles, contenues dans l'enveloppe des plans méridiens de la charge, limités à la longueur de celle-ci. La formation de l'onde de détonation cylindrique assure aux éclats une mise en vitesse simultanée, répondant ainsi aux critères de destruction définis ci-dessus.To achieve this result, it is appropriate for the shrapnel to have the same mass, be animated at the same speed and arrive simultaneously on the target, according to substantially parallel trajectories, contained in the envelope of the meridian planes of the load. , limited to the length thereof. The formation of the cylindrical detonation wave ensures that the fragments are put into simultaneous speed, thus meeting the destruction criteria defined above.
On connaît une charge militaire du type ci-dessus défini dont la masse explosive est conçue pour engendrer une détonation cylindrique lorsqu'elle atteint ladite enveloppe (FR-A-2 280 053).A military charge of the type defined above is known, the explosive mass of which is designed to generate a cylindrical detonation when it reaches said envelope (FR-A-2 280 053).
L'étage interne est constitué par des compositions explosives rapide et lente. Du fait que le rapport entre l'épaisseur de composition explosive rapide et l'épaisseur de composition explosive lente varie avec la distance à partir du relais, il est impossible d'appliquer à la masse externe une énergie constante sur toute la longueur axiale de cette masse.The internal stage consists of rapid and slow explosive compositions. Since the ratio between the thickness of the rapid explosive composition and the thickness of the slow explosive composition varies with the distance from the relay, it is impossible to apply constant energy to the external mass over the entire axial length of this mass.
En conséquence, il n'est pas possible d'obtenir une gerbe dont tous les éclats, quelle que soit leur position d'origine le long de l'axe, aient sensiblement la même vitesse, donc la même énergie cinétique. Il n'est donc pas possible d'atteindre le résultat ci-dessus mentionné.Consequently, it is not possible to obtain a spray in which all the flakes, whatever their original position along the axis, have substantially the same speed, therefore the same kinetic energy. It is therefore not possible to achieve the above-mentioned result.
On connaît également (US-A-2 798 431) une charge explosive comportant une enveloppe externe de formation d'éclats qui est fragilisée selon des cercles et des lignes parallèles à l'axe longitudinal de la charge pour minimiser le phénomène de déperdition de masse des éclats, lors de leur formation. Mais la charge fournit une onde balayante que ne peut donner naissance à une gerbe d'éclats dirigés à peu près radialement, donc permettant d'atteindre le résultat recherché.There is also known (US-A-2 798 431) an explosive charge comprising an outer casing for bursting which is weakened in circles and lines parallel to the longitudinal axis of the charge to minimize the phenomenon of mass loss fragments, during their formation. However, the charge provides a sweeping wave which cannot be produced by a shower of shards directed approximately radially, thus making it possible to achieve the desired result.
On connaît enfin (US-A-4 145 972) une charge explosive munie de relais d'extrémité et de plusieurs cordeaux détonants reliés l'un au centre et deux autres aux relais. Un tel dispositif ne permet pas de donner sensiblement la même énergie cinétique à tous les éclats.Finally, there is known (US-A-4,145,972) an explosive charge provided with end relays and several detonating cords, one connected to the center and two others to the relays. Such a device does not make it possible to give substantially the same kinetic energy to all the flakes.
L'invention vise à fournir une charge du type ci-dessus défini permettant d'obtenir des éclats de même énergie.The invention aims to provide a charge of the type defined above making it possible to obtain flashes of the same energy.
Dans ce but, elle propose une charge conforme à la partie caractérisante de la revendication 1.To this end, it proposes a charge in accordance with the characterizing part of claim 1.
La masse explosive peut comporter une cavité centrale, éventuellemet occupée par un noyau dense.The explosive mass may include a central cavity, possibly occupied by a dense nucleus.
Lors d'interceptions d'avions ou de missiles, il faut en général rechercher des éclats dont la masse unitaire est de l'ordre de 1 à quelques grammes, lorsque la vitesse d'impact attendue est comprise entre 1700 et 2000 m par seconde environ, pour les objectifs non blindés. L'enveloppe externe sera généralement en acier ou en alliage léger, bien qu'on puisse également envisager l'emploi de divers matéraiux et alliages denses.When intercepting aircraft or missiles, it is generally necessary to look for flakes with a unit mass of the order of 1 to a few grams, when the expected impact speed is between approximately 1,700 and 2,000 m per second , for unshielded objectives. The outer casing will generally be made of steel or light alloy, although it is also possible to envisage the use of various dense materials and alloys.
En divisant la masse en un étage interne de forme tronconique revêtu extérieurement d'un revêtement métallique séparé radialement d'un étape annulaire cylindrique externe entourant le premier, le relais d'amorçage étant placé au sommet du cône, on peut réaliser la charge à l'aide d'une seule composition explosive. Deux étages tronconiques peuvent être associés symétriquement selon les impératifs de calibre et d'allongement, le relais pyrotechnique étant placé à leur sommet.By dividing the mass into an internal frustoconical stage externally coated with a metallic coating radially separated from an external cylindrical annular stage surrounding the first, the priming relay being placed at the top of the cone, it is possible to carry out the charge at using a single explosive composition. Two frustoconical stages can be associated symmetrically according to the requirements of size and elongation, the pyrotechnic relay being placed at their top.
La présence de l'intervalle radial diminue le coefficient de remplissage. Mais cette diminution peut être faible étant donné que le vide se trouve dans une zone de rayon faible et en contrepartie on obtient un effet de confinement dynamique augmentant l'énergie des éclats.The presence of the radial interval decreases the filling coefficient. However, this reduction may be small since the vacuum is in a zone of small radius and in return a dynamic confinement effect is obtained, increasing the energy of the fragments.
L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui suit de modes d'exécution particuliers de celle-ci, donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs. La description se réfère aux dessins qui l'accompagnent dans lesquels:
- la figure 1 montre schématiquement la constitution d'une charge bi-étage, suivant un mode d'exécution de l'invention;
- la figure 2 montre les lignes de fragilisation de l'enveloppe de la charge de la figure 1.
- Figure 1 schematically shows the constitution of a two-stage load, according to an embodiment of the invention;
- FIG. 2 shows the weakening lines of the envelope of the load of FIG. 1.
La charge montrée en trait plein en figure 1, du type multiétage, comprend une enveloppe 10 épaisse de formation d'éclats contenant une masse de composition explosive. Cette masse se compose d'un bloc ou étage externe 12 de forme annulaire cylindrique et d'un bloc ou étage interne 14 dont la surface externe est de forme tronconique. L'étage 14 est muni d'un revêtement métallique qui est projeté sur le second étage 12 amorcé par impact. Un relais pyrotechnique 18 est placé contre la petite base de l'étage interne 14. La conicité de l'enveloppe 16 est prévue de façon qu'elle prenne une configuration cylindrique avant impact sur l'étage 12. Après amorçage de l'étage 12, l'enveloppe 16 joue le rôle de confinement dynamique et, en conséquence, fait travailler avec un meilleur rendement l'explosif de l'étage 12.The charge shown in solid lines in FIG. 1, of the multi-stage type, comprises a
Pour obtenir des résultats satisfaisants, il faut qu'il y ait impact simultané de l'ensemble de l'enveloppe 16 sur l'étage 12. Il faut également que la vitesse de l'enveloppe 16 soit constante à l'impact sur l'explosif 12 et que son épaisseur soit sensiblement constante. Enfin, in ne doit pas y avoir, avant l'impact sur 12, rupture de l'enveloppe 16 par déformation excessive. Cela conduit généralement à utiliser un revêtement d'épaisseur variable, comme indiqué sur la figure 1, et à évider le bloc 14. La cavité centrale 20 du bloc pourra être occupée par un noyau dense; sa géométrie peut, au surplus, réduire les effets de bord. Des flasques 22 peuvent être prévus pour réduire encore les effets de bord, d'ailleurs plus réduits dans le cas d'une onde de détonation cylindrique divergente que dans le cas d'une onde de détonation balayante.To obtain satisfactory results, there must be a simultaneous impact of the whole of the envelope 16 on the
On peut également prévoir un anneau de matière inerte d'amortissement dans la zone dénuée d'explosif située en regard du relais 18 et de la charge 12.It is also possible to provide a ring of inert damping material in the area devoid of explosives situated opposite the
Comme cela a été indiqué plus haut, l'explosion de l'étage 12 crée dans l'enveloppe 10 des contraintes qui sont essentiellement circonférentielles et radiales.As indicated above, the explosion of the
En conséquence, plutôt que les tracés de fragilisation généralement adoptés sur les charges à enveloppe épaisse, on utilisera, dans le cas de l'invention, des lignes de pré-fragmentation constituées par des grands cercles 24 et des génératrices 26. La fragilisation peut être obtenue par l'un quelconque des moyens habituels, notamment par entaille de la paroi et/ou par changement local de structure métallurgique obtenu par échauffement localisé, notamment à l'aide d'un faisceau d'électrons.Consequently, rather than the embrittlement plots generally adopted on charges with a thick envelope, in the case of the invention, pre-fragmentation lines constituted by
Dans le cas où l'on veut réaliser une charge longue, on peut adopter, au lieu de la constitution montrée en traits pleins sur la figure 1, une constitution symétrique par adjonction du module montré en tirets. Le relais 18 se trouve alors au milieu de la charge. On obtient encore une gerbe cylindrique avec des trajectoires d'éclats radiales et divergentes, comme indiqué par les flèches f.In the case where one wishes to carry out a long charge, one can adopt, instead of the constitution shown in solid lines in FIG. 1, a symmetrical constitution by adding the module shown in dashes.
Les lignes de fragilisation axiales peuvent être décalées lorsqu'on passe d'une couronne délimitée par deux cercles 24 à la couronne suivante, de façon à se placer suivant une hélice 28, comme indiqué schématiquement sur la figure 2. Cette solution est particulièrement intéressante lorsque l'on dispose côte-à-côte plusieurs modules de genre montré en figure 1 dont les relais 18 sont associés à un système d'amorçage qui permet à volonté de commander soit simultanément tous les relais, soit uniquement le relais central. Dans le dernier cas, la fragmentation de l'enveloppe est favorisée puisque l'on retrouve un champ complet de contraintes axiale, radiale et circonférentielle. Elle a un autre intérêt: elle permet, grâce à un choix approprié du pas de l'hélice, d'ajuster l'intervalle angulaire minimal entre trajectoires d'éclats, en tenant compte de la dimension de la cible prévue et de la distance maximale d'éclatement, pour qu'un nombre minimum d'impacts soit atteint à coup sûr.The axial weakening lines can be offset when passing from a crown delimited by two
Claims (3)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8313334A FR2550857B1 (en) | 1983-08-16 | 1983-08-16 | EXPLOSIVE MILITARY LOAD |
| FR8313334 | 1983-08-16 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0138640A1 EP0138640A1 (en) | 1985-04-24 |
| EP0138640B1 true EP0138640B1 (en) | 1987-11-19 |
Family
ID=9291629
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19840401680 Expired EP0138640B1 (en) | 1983-08-16 | 1984-08-16 | Explosive charge for military use |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0138640B1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3467619D1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2550857B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2599134B1 (en) * | 1986-05-23 | 1988-08-26 | Matra | MILITARY HEAD FOR MACHINE |
| DE3625967A1 (en) * | 1986-07-31 | 1988-02-11 | Diehl Gmbh & Co | IGNITION FOR A PROJECT-FORMING LOAD |
| FR2606134B1 (en) * | 1986-10-31 | 1990-08-24 | Thomson Brandt Armements | METHOD FOR PERFORMING A WAVE-CONFORMING EXPLOSIVE LOADING AND EXPLOSIVE LOADING USED BY SAID METHOD |
| FR2748102B1 (en) * | 1996-04-30 | 1998-07-17 | Tda Armements Sas | AMMUNITION WITH FRAGMENTATION OF EQUATORIAL SYMMETRY OF EXPULSION |
| FR2799832B1 (en) * | 1999-10-13 | 2002-08-30 | Giat Ind Sa | IGNITION DEVICE FOR PROPULSIVE CHARGING |
| FR2867848B1 (en) * | 2004-03-18 | 2006-04-28 | Giat Ind Sa | DEVICE FOR INITIATION OF TWO EXPLOSIVE LOADS AND MILITARY HEAD USING SUCH AN INITIATION DEVICE |
| DE102014011702B3 (en) * | 2014-08-07 | 2016-02-11 | TDW Gesellschaft für verteidigungstechnische Wirksysteme mbH | Ignition device for a splinter charge |
| RU2656650C1 (en) * | 2017-05-02 | 2018-06-06 | Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Государственная корпорация по атомной энергии "Росатом" (Госкорпорация "Росатом") | Cylindrical detonation device |
| RU2650003C1 (en) * | 2017-05-02 | 2018-04-06 | Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Государственная корпорация по атомной энергии "Росатом" (Госкорпорация "Росатом") | Detonation wave in the explosion substance charge forming device |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2798431A (en) * | 1951-01-25 | 1957-07-09 | Howard W Semon | Fragmentation warhead |
| US3877376A (en) * | 1960-07-27 | 1975-04-15 | Us Navy | Directed warhead |
| US3675577A (en) * | 1964-06-30 | 1972-07-11 | Us Navy | Rod warhead |
| US4106410A (en) * | 1968-08-26 | 1978-08-15 | Martin Marietta Corporation | Layered fragmentation device |
| US3853059A (en) * | 1971-01-11 | 1974-12-10 | Us Navy | Configured blast fragmentation warhead |
| FR2280053A1 (en) * | 1973-10-30 | 1976-02-20 | Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale | Igniting charge for explosive shell - using two concentric ignition portions having different rates of ignition |
| US4145972A (en) * | 1976-12-17 | 1979-03-27 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Dual-mode warhead initiation system |
-
1983
- 1983-08-16 FR FR8313334A patent/FR2550857B1/en not_active Expired
-
1984
- 1984-08-16 EP EP19840401680 patent/EP0138640B1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-08-16 DE DE8484401680T patent/DE3467619D1/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2550857A1 (en) | 1985-02-22 |
| DE3467619D1 (en) | 1987-12-23 |
| FR2550857B1 (en) | 1987-01-23 |
| EP0138640A1 (en) | 1985-04-24 |
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