EP0664433B1 - Armour perforating projectile and ammunition containing such a projectile - Google Patents

Armour perforating projectile and ammunition containing such a projectile Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0664433B1
EP0664433B1 EP19940400119 EP94400119A EP0664433B1 EP 0664433 B1 EP0664433 B1 EP 0664433B1 EP 19940400119 EP19940400119 EP 19940400119 EP 94400119 A EP94400119 A EP 94400119A EP 0664433 B1 EP0664433 B1 EP 0664433B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
projectile
charge
bar
penetrator
munition
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19940400119
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0664433A1 (en
Inventor
Michel Brule
Alain Kerdraon
Alain Darrigade
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Giat Industries SA
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Giat Industries SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Giat Industries SA filed Critical Giat Industries SA
Priority to EP19940400119 priority Critical patent/EP0664433B1/en
Priority to EP96402459A priority patent/EP0759533B1/en
Priority to DE1994605376 priority patent/DE69405376T2/en
Publication of EP0664433A1 publication Critical patent/EP0664433A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0664433B1 publication Critical patent/EP0664433B1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C19/00—Details of fuzes
    • F42C19/08—Primers; Detonators
    • F42C19/0823—Primers or igniters for the initiation or the propellant charge in a cartridged ammunition
    • F42C19/0834—Arrangements of a multiplicity of primers or detonators dispersed within a propellant charge for increased efficiency
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/04—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type
    • F42B12/10—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type with shaped or hollow charge
    • F42B12/16—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type with shaped or hollow charge in combination with an additional projectile or charge, acting successively on the target

Definitions

  • the field of the present invention is that of perforation projectiles, in particular anti-tank or anti bunkers projectiles.
  • Such projectiles can be fired from a tank cannon or from light recoilless weaponry.
  • a rod preferably of heavy material such as tungsten
  • a shaped charge comprising a coating which is transformed into a jet by the detonation of an explosive.
  • Patent US4463678 for example describes a hybrid projectile comprising at its front part a tungsten alloy bar and at its rear part a hollow charge.
  • Such a projectile is difficult to manufacture since it requires the production of a cavity of large dimensions inside the bar.
  • Patent DE3229220 (basis for the preamble of claim 1) describes a projectile comprising at its front part a hollow charge and at its rear part a bar. The bar is secured to a connecting piece disposed behind the shaped charge. An increase in the effectiveness of this projectile involves an elongation of the bar, therefore an increase in the size of the projectile.
  • the patent FR971379 shows a rupture shell which carries, fixed to its warhead, an explosive charge of the hollow charge type. Again an increase in the length of the shell leads to an increase in the size of the projectile.
  • the invention aims in particular to propose a projectile having improved perforation performance while being easy to manufacture and retaining a limited bulk.
  • the invention also relates to a munition equipped with such a projectile.
  • the subject of the invention is a perforation projectile comprising a rod and a charge formed consisting of an envelope containing an explosive charge, a coating and a priming device, at least part of the rod being disposed inside the explosive charge, projectile characterized in that the charge formed is a nucleus-generating charge and in that the rod, coaxial with the envelope, crosses the coating.
  • the bar extends outside the envelope at a rear portion of the latter and carries a stabilization device.
  • the projectile may include a proximity detector disposed at the end of a warhead.
  • the invention also relates to an ammunition in which the projectile is integral with a cartridge case containing a propellant charge.
  • the invention also relates to a munition in which the projectile is integral with a propellant and in that the bar has a rear part which extends inside the propellant.
  • the propellant may comprise several nozzles regularly distributed angularly and integral with a lateral surface of the propellant, these nozzles being inclined relative to an axis of the ammunition.
  • a perforation projectile 1 comprises a rod 2 made of heavy material, for example made of Tungsten or Uranium alloy, and a shaped charge 3.
  • the charge 3 formed here is a hollow charge, it comprises in a known manner a casing 4 of light alloy (such as an aluminum alloy) inside which is placed an explosive charge 5 on which is disposed a coating 6 made of ductile material (for example copper).
  • a casing 4 of light alloy such as an aluminum alloy
  • an explosive charge 5 on which is disposed a coating 6 made of ductile material (for example copper).
  • the projectile also includes a warhead 9 made of light alloy which carries an impact switch 10 at its front end.
  • the impact contactor is connected by wires (not shown) to an annular priming device 7 which is crossed by the bar 2. This priming device will be described more precisely below.
  • the bar 2 comprises a front part 2a which is located inside the explosive charge 5.
  • the bar 2 thus extends by a length L1 inside the envelope 4.
  • the bar carries at its rear part a stabilization device 8, for example a tail.
  • this projectile is as follows. On impact on a target, the contactor 10 causes, via the annular initiation 7, the initiation of the charge formed 3 at an optimal distance given by the warhead 9.
  • the perforation of the target is increased by the action of the bar 2 made of heavy material.
  • a front part of the bar being disposed inside the explosive charge, it is thus possible to design a projectile comprising a longer bar, therefore more effective from the point of view of perforation, without modifying the total length L2 of the projectile.
  • FIG. 2 shows a projectile according to such a variant.
  • FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of a projectile according to the invention.
  • the charge 3 formed here is a charge that generates a nucleus, that is to say a charge whose coating 6 is deformed by the detonation of the explosive charge 5 so as to constitute an aerodynamically stable projectile.
  • the initiation of the explosive charge is caused by a proximity detector 11 placed at the end of the warhead 9 and connected by wires (not shown) to the initiating device 7.
  • the proximity detector is for example of the passive infrared type or of the radar type.
  • the bar 2 passes through the covering 6.
  • Such an embodiment makes it possible to increase the terminal efficiency of the projectile because it allows the installation of a rod of considerable length.
  • the bar thus plays the role of a cylindrical mandrel around which the core will elongate, a tubular core is thus obtained which has great stability on trajectory.
  • FIG. 4 schematically represents a first embodiment of the initiating device 7 for the explosive charge 5.
  • This device comprises a safety and arming device 14 of known type comprising in particular an energy source (not shown) and a primer 13 with electrical initiation which is carried by a flap 15.
  • the flap is shown in this figure in the armed position, the primer is then located opposite a primer explosive tablet 12 (for example hexogen / wax).
  • a primer explosive tablet 12 for example hexogen / wax.
  • the tablet is annular, it has a cylindrical shape limited by a plane 12a inclined relative to the axis of the tablet (which coincides with the axis of the casing 4).
  • the primer is positioned substantially at the level of an external generator 27 of the tablet 12.
  • the generator 27 is the shortest generator of this tablet taking into account the inclined plane 12a.
  • the tablet 12 is separated from the explosive charge by a free space 17 and a plate 16.
  • the plate is substantially parallel to the inclined plane 12a, it is made of a material of the copper or stainless steel type.
  • the free space 17 is delimited on the one hand by the plate 16 and on the other hand by a flat surface 5a of the explosive charge 5, surface perpendicular to the axis of the explosive charge.
  • the free space 17 will preferably be lined with a block of compressible foam in order to ensure rigidity of the assembly while allowing projection of the plate 16 on the explosive charge during the initiation of the initiating explosive 12.
  • foam One type of foam that can be used is described by patent FR9003998.
  • a disc 18 is placed between the tablet 12 and the plate 16. It is made of flexible material, for example rubber, and comes into contact with the bar 2 on the one hand and the casing 4 on the other hand.
  • the function of the disc 18 is to provide a seal between the tablet and the explosive charge by preventing the passage of gases resulting from the initiation of the tablet towards the explosive charge 5.
  • the priming device is assembled by stacking the various components.
  • the foam block, the plate 16, the disc 18 and the tablet 12 are joined together by bonding.
  • a compact assembly is thus obtained which is easily placed in the envelope 4.
  • This assembly is then immobilized axially. by the security and arming device 14 which is itself made integral with the casing 4, for example by threading.
  • the operation of the priming device 7 is as follows.
  • the primer After arming the security and arming device 14, the primer adopts the position shown in FIG. 4.
  • the proximity detector 11 (or the impact switch 10) causes the initiation of the primer 13.
  • the latter detonates the initiation composition 12.
  • the detonation wavefront progresses in the tablet 12 with a substantially spherical shape centered on the primer 13.
  • This wavefront will cause the projection of the plate 16 on the flat face 5a of the explosive charge 5 and the initiation of the latter.
  • the inclination of the plate with respect to the axis of the tablet 12 is chosen so that the whole of the plate 16 comes to impact on the surface 5a at the same time.
  • the explosive charge 5 is therefore initiated with a substantially planar detonation wave.
  • primers regularly distributed angularly around the bar 2. These primers will all be initiated at the same time by means of an appropriate electronic system and they will generate in the tablet 12 a substantially planar wave.
  • the tablet 12 will then not have an inclined face 12a and may come directly into contact with the flat face 5a of the explosive charge 5.
  • FIG. 5 diagrammatically represents a second embodiment of the device for initiating the explosive charge 5.
  • This device comprises a safety and arming device 14 of known type comprising in particular an energy source (not shown) and a primer 13 with electrical initiation which is carried by a flap 15.
  • the flap is shown in this figure in the armed position, the primer is then located opposite a first priming relay 30.
  • This first relay is connected by means of detonating cords 31 to four secondary ignition relays 32 disposed in a support plate 33.
  • the four secondary relays are regularly distributed angularly around the bar as can be seen in FIG. 5a.
  • the support plate is in contact with an annular tablet of initiating explosive 12 (for example hexogen / wax), itself compressed in contact with the explosive charge 5.
  • initiating explosive 12 for example hexogen / wax
  • the four detonating cords 31 are substantially the same length in order to ensure simultaneous initiation of the four secondary relays 32 by the primary relay 30.
  • the cords 31 will be embedded in a resin 34 which will fill the entire space separating the security and arming device 14 from the support plate 33.
  • the priming device is assembled by stacking the various components.
  • the operation of the priming device 7 is as follows.
  • the primer After arming the security and arming device 14, the primer adopts the position shown in FIG. 5.
  • the proximity detector 11 (or the impact switch 10) causes the initiation of the 'primer 13.
  • the latter detonates the primary relay 30 which simultaneously initiates the four secondary relays 32.
  • the latter initiate the initiating composition 12 which in turn will initiate the explosive charge 5 with a substantially planar detonation wavefront.
  • FIG. 6 schematically represents an ammunition cartridge, for example a large caliber ammunition for tank, ammunition comprising a projectile according to the invention.
  • the ammunition comprises in known manner a socket 19 (for example a combustible socket) which carries at its rear part a metal base 21 on which is fixed an igniter tube 22.
  • a socket 19 for example a combustible socket
  • carries at its rear part a metal base 21 on which is fixed an igniter tube 22.
  • the socket contains a propellant charge 20, for example made up of grains of powder based on nitrocellulose.
  • a propellant charge 20 for example made up of grains of powder based on nitrocellulose.
  • the ammunition 1 according to the invention is made integral with the socket for example by means of a connecting ring of the type described in patent FR8712484.
  • the rear part of the bar 2 which carries the tail unit 8 penetrates deeply into the propellant charge.
  • FIG. 7 schematically represents an ammunition of the rocket type comprising a projectile according to the invention.
  • the projectile 1 is made integral with a propellant 23 which comprises a case 24 (for example made of composite material) inside which a block of propellant 25 is disposed.
  • the case carries at its rear part a nozzle 26 disposed along the axis of the munition.
  • An ignition device not shown, ensures ignition of the propellant block in known manner when the rocket is fired.
  • the bar 2 does not have a tail since the projectile 1 and propellant 23 assembly remains integral throughout the trajectory of the ammunition.
  • the propellant block comprises a housing inside which comes a rear part 2b of the bar 2. The latter thus extends inside the propellant over a length D1.
  • the bar can thus extend substantially up to the nozzle 26.
  • the invention thus authorizes the design of extremely compact ammunition and comprising very long kinetic bars.
  • This rocket-type ammunition can be fired from a recoilless launcher or from an aircraft.
  • FIG. 8 shows a second variant of rocket comprising a projectile according to the invention.
  • the nozzle 26 is replaced here by four nozzles 26a, 26b, 26c and 26d which are arranged on the cylindrical lateral surface of the case 24 and form an angle with the axis 28 of the ammunition.
  • the advantage of such a configuration is that it authorizes the installation of a longer bar which can extend to the bottom 29 of the case 24 and possibly which can cross this bottom and carry a tail.

Description

Le domaine de la présente invention est celui des projectiles de perforation notamment des projectiles antichar ou anti bunkers.The field of the present invention is that of perforation projectiles, in particular anti-tank or anti bunkers projectiles.

De tels projectiles peuvent être tirés à partir d'un canon de char ou bien d'un armement léger sans recul.Such projectiles can be fired from a tank cannon or from light recoilless weaponry.

Ils peuvent également être lancés par un aéronef (tel des roquettes ou des missiles) ou encore constituer des sous-projectiles éjectés par une bombe guidée ou non.They can also be launched by an aircraft (such as rockets or missiles) or even constitute sub-projectiles ejected by a guided bomb or not.

Afin d'augmenter l'efficacité des projectiles de perforation il est connu d'associer un barreau, de préférence en matériau lourd tel le tungstène, et une charge formée comprenant un revêtement qui est transformé en jet par la détonation d'un explosif.In order to increase the effectiveness of the perforation projectiles it is known to associate a rod, preferably of heavy material such as tungsten, and a shaped charge comprising a coating which is transformed into a jet by the detonation of an explosive.

Le brevet US4463678 par exemple décrit un projectile hybride comprenant à sa partie avant un barreau en alliage de tungstène et à sa partie arrière une charge creuse.Patent US4463678 for example describes a hybrid projectile comprising at its front part a tungsten alloy bar and at its rear part a hollow charge.

Un tel projectile est délicat à fabriquer puisqu'il nécessite la réalisation d'une cavité de dimensions importantes à l'intérieur du barreau.Such a projectile is difficult to manufacture since it requires the production of a cavity of large dimensions inside the bar.

De plus ses performances du point de vue perforation vont être limitées par le calibre de la charge creuse qui est forcément inférieur à celui du barreau.In addition, its perforation performance will be limited by the size of the hollow charge which is necessarily less than that of the bar.

Pour accroître la perforation il sera nécessaire d'allonger le barreau, donc l'ensemble du projectile. Mais il n'est pas possible d'allonger un projectile sans que cela n'impose une modification du système d'arme destiné à lancer ce projectile.To increase the perforation it will be necessary to lengthen the bar, therefore the entire projectile. But it is not possible to lengthen a projectile without this imposing a modification of the weapon system intended to launch this projectile.

Le brevet DE3229220 (base pour le préambule de la revendication 1) décrit un projectile comprenant à sa partie avant une charge creuse et à sa partie arrière un barreau. Le barreau est solidaire d'un pièce de liaison disposée en arrière de la charge creuse. Un accroissement de l'efficacité de ce projectile passe par un allongement du barreau donc un accroissement de l'encombrement du projectile.Patent DE3229220 (basis for the preamble of claim 1) describes a projectile comprising at its front part a hollow charge and at its rear part a bar. The bar is secured to a connecting piece disposed behind the shaped charge. An increase in the effectiveness of this projectile involves an elongation of the bar, therefore an increase in the size of the projectile.

Le brevet FR971379 montre un obus de rupture qui porte, fixé à son ogive, une charge explosive du type charge creuse. Là encore un accroissement de la longueur de l'obus entraîne une augmentation de l'encombrement du projectile.The patent FR971379 shows a rupture shell which carries, fixed to its warhead, an explosive charge of the hollow charge type. Again an increase in the length of the shell leads to an increase in the size of the projectile.

C'est le but de l'invention que de proposer un projectile de perforation qui permette de pallier les inconvénients précités.It is the object of the invention to propose a perforation projectile which makes it possible to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks.

L'invention vise notamment à proposer un projectile présentant des performances de perforation améliorées tout en étant de fabrication aisée et en conservant un encombrement limité.The invention aims in particular to propose a projectile having improved perforation performance while being easy to manufacture and retaining a limited bulk.

L'invention vise également une munition équipée d'un tel projectile.The invention also relates to a munition equipped with such a projectile.

Ainsi l'invention a pour objet un projectile de perforation comprenant un barreau et une charge formée constituée par une enveloppe contenant une charge explosive, un revêtement et un dispositif d'amorçage, une partie au moins du barreau étant disposée à l'intérieur de la charge explosive, projectile caractérisé en ce que la charge formée est une charge génératrice de noyau et en ce que le barreau, coaxial à l'enveloppe, traverse le revêtement.Thus, the subject of the invention is a perforation projectile comprising a rod and a charge formed consisting of an envelope containing an explosive charge, a coating and a priming device, at least part of the rod being disposed inside the explosive charge, projectile characterized in that the charge formed is a nucleus-generating charge and in that the rod, coaxial with the envelope, crosses the coating.

Selon une autre caractéristique, le barreau s'étend à l'extérieur de l'enveloppe au niveau d'une partie arrière de cette dernière et porte un dispositif de stabilisation.According to another characteristic, the bar extends outside the envelope at a rear portion of the latter and carries a stabilization device.

Le projectile pourra comporter un détecteur de proximité disposé à l'extrémité d'une ogive.The projectile may include a proximity detector disposed at the end of a warhead.

L'invention a également pour objet une munition dans laquelle le projectile est solidaire d'une douille contenant une charge propulsive.The invention also relates to an ammunition in which the projectile is integral with a cartridge case containing a propellant charge.

L'invention a également pour objet une munition dans laquelle le projectile est solidaire d'un propulseur et en ce que le barreau comporte une partie arrière qui s'étend à l'intérieur du propulseur.The invention also relates to a munition in which the projectile is integral with a propellant and in that the bar has a rear part which extends inside the propellant.

Le propulseur pourra comporter plusieurs tuyères régulièrement réparties angulairement et solidaires d'une surface latérale du propulseur, ces tuyères étant inclinées relativement à un axe de la munition.The propellant may comprise several nozzles regularly distributed angularly and integral with a lateral surface of the propellant, these nozzles being inclined relative to an axis of the ammunition.

D'autres avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description qui va suivre de modes particuliers de réalisation. Description faite en référence aux dessins annexés et dans lesquels:

  • la figure 1 représente en coupe axiale un projectile ne faisant pas l'objet de l'invention mais mettant en évidence certaines caractéristiques de l'invention,
  • la figure 2 représente en coupe axiale un projectile suivant une variante du projectile selon la figure 1,
  • la figure 3 représente en coupe axiale un projectile suivant un mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 4 représente schématiquement le dispositif d'amorçage utilisé dans le projectile selon l'invention,
  • la figure 5 représente schématiquement une variante de dispositif d'amorçage utilisé dans le projectile selon l'invention,
  • la figure 6 montre une munition de char comportant un projectile ne faisant pas l'objet de l'invention, mais mettant en évidence certaines caractéristiques de l'invention,
  • la figure 7 montre une première variante de roquette comportant un projectile ne faisant pas l'objet de l'invention, mais mettant en évidence certaines caractéristiques de l'invention,
  • la figure 8 montre une deuxième variante de roquette comportant un projectile ne faisant pas l'objet de l'invention, mais mettant en évidence certaines caractéristiques de l'invention.
Other advantages of the invention will appear on reading the description which follows of particular embodiments. Description made with reference to the accompanying drawings and in which:
  • FIG. 1 represents in axial section a projectile which is not the subject of the invention but which highlights certain characteristics of the invention,
  • FIG. 2 represents in axial section a projectile according to a variant of the projectile according to FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3 represents in axial section a projectile according to an embodiment of the invention,
  • FIG. 4 schematically represents the initiation device used in the projectile according to the invention,
  • FIG. 5 schematically represents a variant of the priming device used in the projectile according to the invention,
  • FIG. 6 shows a tank munition comprising a projectile which is not the subject of the invention, but which highlights certain characteristics of the invention,
  • FIG. 7 shows a first variant of a rocket comprising a projectile which is not the subject of the invention, but which highlights certain characteristics of the invention,
  • FIG. 8 shows a second variant of rocket comprising a projectile which is not the subject of the invention, but which highlights certain characteristics of the invention.

En se reportant à la figure 1, un projectile de perforation 1 comprend un barreau 2 en matériau lourd, par exemple en alliage de Tungstène ou d'Uranium, et une charge formée 3.Referring to FIG. 1, a perforation projectile 1 comprises a rod 2 made of heavy material, for example made of Tungsten or Uranium alloy, and a shaped charge 3.

La charge formée 3 est ici une charge creuse, elle comporte de façon connue une enveloppe 4 en alliage léger (tel un alliage d'aluminium) à l'intérieur de laquelle est mise en place une charge explosive 5 sur laquelle est disposé un revêtement 6 en matériau ductile (par exemple en cuivre).The charge 3 formed here is a hollow charge, it comprises in a known manner a casing 4 of light alloy (such as an aluminum alloy) inside which is placed an explosive charge 5 on which is disposed a coating 6 made of ductile material (for example copper).

Le projectile comporte également une ogive 9 en alliage léger qui porte à son extrémité avant un contacteur d'impact 10.The projectile also includes a warhead 9 made of light alloy which carries an impact switch 10 at its front end.

Le contacteur d'impact est relié par des fils (non représentés) à un dispositif d'amorçage annulaire 7 qui est traversé par le barreau 2. Ce dispositif d'amorçage sera décrit plus précisément par la suite.The impact contactor is connected by wires (not shown) to an annular priming device 7 which is crossed by the bar 2. This priming device will be described more precisely below.

Le barreau 2 comprend une partie avant 2a qui se trouve à l'intérieur de la charge explosive 5. Le barreau 2 s'étend ainsi d'une longueur L1 à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe 4.The bar 2 comprises a front part 2a which is located inside the explosive charge 5. The bar 2 thus extends by a length L1 inside the envelope 4.

Le barreau porte à sa partie arrière un dispositif de stabilisation 8, par exemple un empennage.The bar carries at its rear part a stabilization device 8, for example a tail.

Du point de vue fabrication, on usinera dans la charge explosive 5 un logement destiné à recevoir la partie avant 2a du barreau.From the manufacturing point of view, we will machine in the explosive charge 5 a housing intended to receive the front part 2a of the bar.

Il est possible également de couler et comprimer la charge 5 dans un moule à l'intérieur duquel est disposé le barreau.It is also possible to pour and compress the load 5 in a mold inside which the bar is arranged.

Le fonctionnement de ce projectile est le suivant. A l'impact sur une cible le contacteur 10 provoque par l'intermédiaire de l'amorçage annulaire 7 l'initiation de la charge formée 3 à une distance optimale donnée par l'ogive 9.The operation of this projectile is as follows. On impact on a target, the contactor 10 causes, via the annular initiation 7, the initiation of the charge formed 3 at an optimal distance given by the warhead 9.

La perforation de la cible se trouve accrue par l'action du barreau 2 en matériau lourd.The perforation of the target is increased by the action of the bar 2 made of heavy material.

Une partie avant du barreau étant disposée à l'intérieur de la charge explosive, il est possible ainsi de concevoir un projectile comportant un barreau plus long, donc plus efficace du point de vue perforation, sans modifier la longueur totale L2 du projectile.A front part of the bar being disposed inside the explosive charge, it is thus possible to design a projectile comprising a longer bar, therefore more effective from the point of view of perforation, without modifying the total length L2 of the projectile.

A titre d'exemple pour un projectile de calibre 120 mm, il est possible de disposer un barreau dont la longueur variera de 440mm à 620mm tout en conservant une longueur totale L2 pour le projectile de 990mm.As an example for a 120 mm caliber projectile, it is possible to have a rod whose length will vary from 440mm to 620mm while retaining a total length L2 for the projectile of 990mm.

Il est possible ainsi d'amener le barreau 2 en contact avec le revêtement 6. La figure 2 montre un projectile suivant une telle variante.It is thus possible to bring the bar 2 into contact with the coating 6. FIG. 2 shows a projectile according to such a variant.

La figure 3 montre un mode de réalisation d'un projectile selon l'invention.FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of a projectile according to the invention.

La charge formée 3 est ici une charge génératrice de noyau, c'est à dire une charge dont le revêtement 6 est déformé par la détonation de la charge explosive 5 de façon à constituer un projectile aérodynamiquement stable.The charge 3 formed here is a charge that generates a nucleus, that is to say a charge whose coating 6 is deformed by the detonation of the explosive charge 5 so as to constitute an aerodynamically stable projectile.

L'initiation de la charge explosive est provoquée par un détecteur de proximité 11 disposé à l'extrémité de l'ogive 9 et relié par des fils (non représentés) au dispositif d'amorçage 7.The initiation of the explosive charge is caused by a proximity detector 11 placed at the end of the warhead 9 and connected by wires (not shown) to the initiating device 7.

Le détecteur de proximité est par exemple du type à infra rouge passif ou encore du type radar.The proximity detector is for example of the passive infrared type or of the radar type.

Il assure l'initiation de la charge à une distance optimale pour une charge génératrice de noyau soit une distance de l'ordre de 10 fois le calibre de la charge.It initiates the charge at an optimal distance for a charge that generates the nucleus, a distance of the order of 10 times the caliber of the charge.

Dans ce mode particulier de réalisation, le barreau 2 traverse le revêtement 6.In this particular embodiment, the bar 2 passes through the covering 6.

Un tel mode de réalisation permet d'augmenter l'efficacité terminale du projectile car il autorise la mise en place d'un barreau de longueur importante.Such an embodiment makes it possible to increase the terminal efficiency of the projectile because it allows the installation of a rod of considerable length.

Il permet également de réaliser lors de l'initiation de la charge explosive une mise en forme par le barreau 2 du noyau qui est engendré par le revêtement 6.It also makes it possible, during the initiation of the explosive charge, to form the bar 2 of the core which is generated by the coating 6.

Le barreau joue ainsi le rôle d'un mandrin cylindrique autour duquel va s'allonger le noyau, on obtient ainsi un noyau tubulaire qui présente une grande stabilité sur trajectoire.The bar thus plays the role of a cylindrical mandrel around which the core will elongate, a tubular core is thus obtained which has great stability on trajectory.

La mise en forme d'un revêtement par un mandrin solidaire d'un revêtement est connue par le brevet US4841864 et ne sera pas décrite plus en détail.The shaping of a coating by a mandrel integral with a coating is known from patent US4841864 and will not be described in more detail.

La figure 4 représente schématiquement un premier mode de réalisation du dispositif d'amorçage 7 de la charge explosive 5.FIG. 4 schematically represents a first embodiment of the initiating device 7 for the explosive charge 5.

Ce dispositif comporte un dispositif de sécurité et d'armement 14 de type connu comprenant notamment une source d'énergie (non représentée) et une amorce 13 à initiation électrique qui est portée par un volet 15.This device comprises a safety and arming device 14 of known type comprising in particular an energy source (not shown) and a primer 13 with electrical initiation which is carried by a flap 15.

Le volet est représenté sur cette figure en position armée, l'amorce se trouve alors en regard d'un comprimé d'explosif d'amorçage 12 (par exemple de l'héxogène/cire).The flap is shown in this figure in the armed position, the primer is then located opposite a primer explosive tablet 12 (for example hexogen / wax).

Le comprimé est annulaire, il présente une forme cylindrique limitée par un plan 12a incliné relativement à l'axe du comprimé (qui est confondu avec l'axe de l'enveloppe 4).The tablet is annular, it has a cylindrical shape limited by a plane 12a inclined relative to the axis of the tablet (which coincides with the axis of the casing 4).

L'amorce se trouve positionnée sensiblement au niveau d'une génératrice externe 27 du comprimé 12. La génératrice 27 est la génératrice la plus courte de ce comprimé compte tenu du plan incliné 12a.The primer is positioned substantially at the level of an external generator 27 of the tablet 12. The generator 27 is the shortest generator of this tablet taking into account the inclined plane 12a.

Le comprimé 12 est séparé du chargement explosif par un espace libre 17 et une plaque 16. La plaque est sensiblement parallèle au plan incliné 12a, elle est réalisée en un matériau du type Cuivre ou acier inoxydable.The tablet 12 is separated from the explosive charge by a free space 17 and a plate 16. The plate is substantially parallel to the inclined plane 12a, it is made of a material of the copper or stainless steel type.

L'espace libre 17 est délimité d'une part par la plaque 16 et d'autre part par une surface plane 5a du chargement explosif 5, surface perpendiculaire à l'axe du chargement explosif.The free space 17 is delimited on the one hand by the plate 16 and on the other hand by a flat surface 5a of the explosive charge 5, surface perpendicular to the axis of the explosive charge.

L'espace libre 17 sera de préférence garni par un bloc d'une mousse compressible afin d'assurer la rigidité du montage tout en autorisant une projection de la plaque 16 sur le chargement explosif lors de l'initiation de l'explosif d'amorçage 12. Un type de mousse pouvant être utilisée est décrit par le brevet FR9003998.The free space 17 will preferably be lined with a block of compressible foam in order to ensure rigidity of the assembly while allowing projection of the plate 16 on the explosive charge during the initiation of the initiating explosive 12. One type of foam that can be used is described by patent FR9003998.

Un disque 18 est disposé entre le comprimé 12 et la plaque 16. Il est réalisé en matériau souple par exemple en caoutchouc et vient en contact avec d'une part le barreau 2 et d'autre part l'enveloppe 4.A disc 18 is placed between the tablet 12 and the plate 16. It is made of flexible material, for example rubber, and comes into contact with the bar 2 on the one hand and the casing 4 on the other hand.

Le disque 18 a pour fonction de réaliser une étanchéité entre le comprimé et le chargement explosif en interdisant le passage des gaz résultant de l'initiation du comprimé vers le chargement explosif 5.The function of the disc 18 is to provide a seal between the tablet and the explosive charge by preventing the passage of gases resulting from the initiation of the tablet towards the explosive charge 5.

Le montage du dispositif d'amorçage s'effectue par empilement des différents composants.The priming device is assembled by stacking the various components.

D'une façon préférentielle on solidarisera par collage le bloc de mousse, la plaque 16, le disque 18 et le comprimé 12. On obtient ainsi un ensemble compact qui est mis facilement en place dans l'enveloppe 4. Cet ensemble est ensuite immobilisé axialement par le dispositif de sécurité et d'armement 14 qui est lui même rendu solidaire de l'enveloppe 4 par exemple par filetage.Preferably, the foam block, the plate 16, the disc 18 and the tablet 12 are joined together by bonding. A compact assembly is thus obtained which is easily placed in the envelope 4. This assembly is then immobilized axially. by the security and arming device 14 which is itself made integral with the casing 4, for example by threading.

Le fonctionnement du dispositif d'amorçage 7 est le suivant.The operation of the priming device 7 is as follows.

Après armement du dispositif de sécurité et d'armement 14, l'amorce adopte la position représentée figure 4. A l'approche d'une cible, le détecteur de proximité 11 (ou le contacteur d'impact 10) provoque l'initiation de l'amorce 13. Cette dernière fait détoner la composition d'amorçage 12. Le front d'onde de détonation progresse dans le comprimé 12 avec une forme sensiblement sphérique centrée sur l'amorce 13.After arming the security and arming device 14, the primer adopts the position shown in FIG. 4. When approaching a target, the proximity detector 11 (or the impact switch 10) causes the initiation of the primer 13. The latter detonates the initiation composition 12. The detonation wavefront progresses in the tablet 12 with a substantially spherical shape centered on the primer 13.

Ce front d'onde va provoquer la projection de la plaque 16 sur la face plane 5a du chargement explosif 5 et l'initiation de ce dernier.This wavefront will cause the projection of the plate 16 on the flat face 5a of the explosive charge 5 and the initiation of the latter.

L'inclinaison de la plaque par rapport à l'axe du comprimé 12 est choisie de telle sorte que l'ensemble de la plaque 16 vienne impacter sur la surface 5a au même instant.The inclination of the plate with respect to the axis of the tablet 12 is chosen so that the whole of the plate 16 comes to impact on the surface 5a at the same time.

Le chargement explosif 5 se trouve donc initié avec une onde de détonation sensiblement plane.The explosive charge 5 is therefore initiated with a substantially planar detonation wave.

Il serait possible en variante de disposer plusieurs amorces régulièrement réparties angulairement autour du barreau 2. Ces amorces seront toutes initiées en même temps au moyen d'un système électronique approprié et elles engendreront dans le comprimé 12 une onde sensiblement plane.It would be possible as a variant to have several primers regularly distributed angularly around the bar 2. These primers will all be initiated at the same time by means of an appropriate electronic system and they will generate in the tablet 12 a substantially planar wave.

Le comprimé 12 ne présentera pas alors de face 12a inclinée et pourra venir directement en contact avec la face plane 5a du chargement explosif 5.The tablet 12 will then not have an inclined face 12a and may come directly into contact with the flat face 5a of the explosive charge 5.

La figure 5 représente schématiquement un deuxième mode de réalisation du dispositif d'amorçage 7 de la charge explosive 5.FIG. 5 diagrammatically represents a second embodiment of the device for initiating the explosive charge 5.

Ce dispositif comporte un dispositif de sécurité et d'armement 14 de type connu comprenant notamment une source d'énergie (non représentée) et une amorce 13 à initiation électrique qui est portée par un volet 15.This device comprises a safety and arming device 14 of known type comprising in particular an energy source (not shown) and a primer 13 with electrical initiation which is carried by a flap 15.

Le volet est représenté sur cette figure en position armée, l'amorce se trouve alors en regard d'un premier relais d'amorçage 30.The flap is shown in this figure in the armed position, the primer is then located opposite a first priming relay 30.

Ce premier relais est relié au moyen de cordeaux détonant 31 à quatre relais d'amorçage secondaires 32 disposés dans une plaque support 33.This first relay is connected by means of detonating cords 31 to four secondary ignition relays 32 disposed in a support plate 33.

Les quatre relais secondaires sont régulièrement répartis angulairement autour du barreau comme cela est visible sur la figure 5a.The four secondary relays are regularly distributed angularly around the bar as can be seen in FIG. 5a.

La plaque support est en contact avec un comprimé annulaire d'explosif d'amorçage 12 (par exemple de l'héxogène/cire), comprimé lui même en contact avec le chargement explosif 5.The support plate is in contact with an annular tablet of initiating explosive 12 (for example hexogen / wax), itself compressed in contact with the explosive charge 5.

Les quatre cordeaux détonants 31 sont sensiblement de même longueur afin d'assurer une initiation simultanée des quatre relais secondaires 32 par le relais primaire 30.The four detonating cords 31 are substantially the same length in order to ensure simultaneous initiation of the four secondary relays 32 by the primary relay 30.

Afin d'assurer la tenue du dispositif aux accélérations, les cordeaux 31 seront noyés dans une résine 34 qui remplira tout l'espace séparant le dispositif de sécurité et d'armement 14 de la plaque support 33.In order to ensure that the device withstands acceleration, the cords 31 will be embedded in a resin 34 which will fill the entire space separating the security and arming device 14 from the support plate 33.

Le montage du dispositif d'amorçage s'effectue par empilement des différents composants.The priming device is assembled by stacking the various components.

Le fonctionnement du dispositif d'amorçage 7 est le suivant.The operation of the priming device 7 is as follows.

Après armement du dispositif de sécurité et d'armement 14 l'amorce adopte la position représentée figure 5. A l'approche d'une cible, le détecteur de proximité 11 (ou le contacteur d'impact 10) provoque l'initiation de l'amorce 13. Cette dernière fait détoner le relais primaire 30 qui initie de façon simultanée les quatre relais secondaires 32.After arming the security and arming device 14, the primer adopts the position shown in FIG. 5. When approaching a target, the proximity detector 11 (or the impact switch 10) causes the initiation of the 'primer 13. The latter detonates the primary relay 30 which simultaneously initiates the four secondary relays 32.

Ces derniers initient la composition d'amorçage 12 qui va initier à son tour le chargement explosif 5 avec un front d'onde de détonation sensiblement plan.The latter initiate the initiating composition 12 which in turn will initiate the explosive charge 5 with a substantially planar detonation wavefront.

La figure 6 représente schématiquement une munition encartouchée, par exemple une munition de gros calibre pour char, munition comportant un projectile selon l'invention.FIG. 6 schematically represents an ammunition cartridge, for example a large caliber ammunition for tank, ammunition comprising a projectile according to the invention.

La munition comporte de façon connue une douille 19 (par exemple une douille combustible) qui porte à sa partie arrière un culot métallique 21 sur lequel est fixé un tube allumeur 22.The ammunition comprises in known manner a socket 19 (for example a combustible socket) which carries at its rear part a metal base 21 on which is fixed an igniter tube 22.

La douille contient un chargement propulsif 20 par exemple constitué de grains de poudre à base de nitrocellulose. Après mise en place du chargement propulsif, la munition 1 selon l'invention est rendue solidaire de la douille par exemple au moyen d'une bague de liaison du type de celle décrite dans le brevet FR8712484. La partie arrière du barreau 2 qui porte l'empennage 8 pénètre profondément dans le chargement propulsif.The socket contains a propellant charge 20, for example made up of grains of powder based on nitrocellulose. After setting up the propellant charge, the ammunition 1 according to the invention is made integral with the socket for example by means of a connecting ring of the type described in patent FR8712484. The rear part of the bar 2 which carries the tail unit 8 penetrates deeply into the propellant charge.

La figure 7 représente schématiquement une munition du type roquette comportant un projectile selon l'invention.FIG. 7 schematically represents an ammunition of the rocket type comprising a projectile according to the invention.

Le projectile 1 est rendu solidaire d'un propulseur 23 qui comprend un étui 24 (par exemple en matériau composite) à l'intérieur duquel est disposé un bloc de propergol 25.The projectile 1 is made integral with a propellant 23 which comprises a case 24 (for example made of composite material) inside which a block of propellant 25 is disposed.

L'étui porte à sa partie arrière une tuyère 26 disposée suivant l'axe de la munition. Un dispositif d'allumage non représenté assure de façon connue l'allumage du bloc de propergol lors du tir de la roquette.The case carries at its rear part a nozzle 26 disposed along the axis of the munition. An ignition device, not shown, ensures ignition of the propellant block in known manner when the rocket is fired.

Le barreau 2 ne porte pas d'empennage puisque l'ensemble projectile 1 et propulseur 23 reste solidaire pendant toute la trajectoire de la munition.The bar 2 does not have a tail since the projectile 1 and propellant 23 assembly remains integral throughout the trajectory of the ammunition.

Le bloc de propergol comporte un logement à l'intérieur duquel vient une partie arrière 2b du barreau 2. Ce dernier s'étend ainsi à l'intérieur du propulseur sur une longueur D1.The propellant block comprises a housing inside which comes a rear part 2b of the bar 2. The latter thus extends inside the propellant over a length D1.

Le barreau peut ainsi s'étendre sensiblement jusqu'à la tuyère 26.The bar can thus extend substantially up to the nozzle 26.

Il est ainsi possible de concevoir une munition comportant un barreau plus long, donc plus efficace du point de vue perforation, sans modifier la longueur totale D2 de la munition.It is thus possible to design a munition comprising a longer bar, therefore more effective from the perforation point of view, without modifying the total length D2 of the ammunition.

L'invention autorise ainsi la conception de munitions extrêmement compactes et comportant des barreaux cinétiques de grande longueur.The invention thus authorizes the design of extremely compact ammunition and comprising very long kinetic bars.

Cette munition de type roquette pourra être tirée à partir d'un lanceur sans recul ou bien à partir d'un aéronef.This rocket-type ammunition can be fired from a recoilless launcher or from an aircraft.

La figure 8 montre une deuxième variante de roquette comportant un projectile selon l'invention.FIG. 8 shows a second variant of rocket comprising a projectile according to the invention.

La tuyère 26 est remplacée ici par quatre tuyères 26a, 26b, 26c et 26d qui sont disposées sur la surface latérale cylindrique de l'étui 24 et forment un angle avec l'axe 28 de la munition. L'avantage d'une telle configuration est qu'elle autorise la mise en place d'un barreau plus long pouvant s'étendre jusqu'au fond 29 de l'étui 24 et éventuellement pouvant traverser ce fond et porter un empennage.The nozzle 26 is replaced here by four nozzles 26a, 26b, 26c and 26d which are arranged on the cylindrical lateral surface of the case 24 and form an angle with the axis 28 of the ammunition. The advantage of such a configuration is that it authorizes the installation of a longer bar which can extend to the bottom 29 of the case 24 and possibly which can cross this bottom and carry a tail.

Pour les deux modes de réalisation précédemment décrits en référence aux figures 7 et 8, il serait éventuellement possible de prévoir un barreau qui ne pénètre pas à l'intérieur du chargement explosif 5 mais qui s'étende à l'intérieur du propulseur.For the two embodiments previously described with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8, it would possibly be possible to provide a bar which does not penetrate inside the explosive charge 5 but which extends inside the propellant.

Pour les modes de réalisation précédemment décrits, il serait possible également de commander l'initiation de la charge au moyen d'une fusée du type chronométrique.For the embodiments previously described, it would also be possible to command the initiation of the charge by means of a chronometric type rocket.

Claims (6)

  1. An armour-perforating projectile (1) incorporating a penetrator (2) and a shaped charge (3) formed by a casing (4) containing an explosive charge (5), a liner (6) and a priming device (7), one part (2a) at least of the penetrator being placed inside the explosive charge (5), projectile characterized in that the shaped charge (3) is an explosively-formed charge and in that the penetrator (2), coaxial to the casing (4), passes through the liner (6).
  2. A projectile according to Claim 1, characterized in that the penetrator (2) extends outside the casing (4) at the rear part of the latter and carries a stabilization device (8).
  3. A projectile according to Claims 1 or 2, characterized in that it incorporates a proximity detector (11) placed to the end of a nose cone (9).
  4. A munition incorporating a projectile according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the projectile (1) is integral with a case (19) containing a propellant charge (20).
  5. A munition incorporating a projectile according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the projectile (1) is integral with a propulsion unit (23) and in that the penetrator (2) has a rear part (2b) which extends inside the propulsion unit (23).
  6. A munition according to Claim 5, characterized in that the propulsion unit incorporates several nozzles (26a, 26b, 26c, 26d), evenly distributed at an angle and integral with a lateral surface of the propulsion unit (23), these nozzles being inclined with respect to one axis (28) of the munition.
EP19940400119 1994-01-20 1994-01-20 Armour perforating projectile and ammunition containing such a projectile Expired - Lifetime EP0664433B1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19940400119 EP0664433B1 (en) 1994-01-20 1994-01-20 Armour perforating projectile and ammunition containing such a projectile
EP96402459A EP0759533B1 (en) 1994-01-20 1994-01-20 Armour perforating projectile and ammunition comprising such a projectile
DE1994605376 DE69405376T2 (en) 1994-01-20 1994-01-20 Anti-tank projectile and ammunition provided with such a projectile

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19940400119 EP0664433B1 (en) 1994-01-20 1994-01-20 Armour perforating projectile and ammunition containing such a projectile

Related Child Applications (2)

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EP96402459A Division EP0759533B1 (en) 1994-01-20 1994-01-20 Armour perforating projectile and ammunition comprising such a projectile
EP96402459.0 Division-Into 1996-11-15

Publications (2)

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EP0664433A1 EP0664433A1 (en) 1995-07-26
EP0664433B1 true EP0664433B1 (en) 1997-09-03

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EP19940400119 Expired - Lifetime EP0664433B1 (en) 1994-01-20 1994-01-20 Armour perforating projectile and ammunition containing such a projectile
EP96402459A Expired - Lifetime EP0759533B1 (en) 1994-01-20 1994-01-20 Armour perforating projectile and ammunition comprising such a projectile

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE29710228U1 (en) * 1997-06-13 1998-10-15 Diehl Stiftung & Co Bullet for barrel weapons
DE10213466A1 (en) * 2002-03-26 2003-10-09 Rheinmetall W & M Gmbh bullet body

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR971379A (en) * 1940-04-24 1951-01-16 Advanced bursting shell
FR1002092A (en) * 1946-07-25 1952-03-03 Soc Tech De Rech Ind Perforating projectiles improvements
NL294689A (en) * 1963-06-27
US3302570A (en) * 1965-07-23 1967-02-07 Walter G Finch Armor piercing, fragmenting and incendiary projectile
US3935817A (en) * 1971-07-28 1976-02-03 General Dynamics Corporation Penetrating spear
US4463678A (en) 1980-04-01 1984-08-07 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Hybrid shaped-charge/kinetic/energy penetrator
DE3229220C1 (en) * 1982-08-05 1992-01-09 Diehl Gmbh & Co Sub-caliber sabot bullet
US4573412A (en) * 1984-04-27 1986-03-04 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Plug nozzle kinetic energy penetrator rocket
US4841864A (en) 1988-02-09 1989-06-27 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Controlled explosively formed penetrator

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EP0759533B1 (en) 1999-04-07
DE69405376T2 (en) 1998-02-05
EP0759533A3 (en) 1997-03-26
EP0759533A2 (en) 1997-02-26
DE69405376D1 (en) 1997-10-09
EP0664433A1 (en) 1995-07-26

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