EP3663703B1 - Penetrative warhead - Google Patents

Penetrative warhead Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3663703B1
EP3663703B1 EP19208948.0A EP19208948A EP3663703B1 EP 3663703 B1 EP3663703 B1 EP 3663703B1 EP 19208948 A EP19208948 A EP 19208948A EP 3663703 B1 EP3663703 B1 EP 3663703B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
energetic material
penetrative
warhead
flanges
rod
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EP19208948.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3663703A1 (en
Inventor
Rémi Boulanger
Frédéric Nozeres
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nexter Munitions SA
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Nexter Munitions SA
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Publication of EP3663703A1 publication Critical patent/EP3663703A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/04—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type
    • F42B12/06—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type with hard or heavy core; Kinetic energy penetrators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
    • F42B12/201—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type characterised by target class
    • F42B12/204—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type characterised by target class for attacking structures, e.g. specific buildings or fortifications, ships or vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
    • F42B12/207—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type characterised by the explosive material or the construction of the high explosive warhead, e.g. insensitive ammunition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/46—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing gases, vapours, powders or chemically-reactive substances
    • F42B12/50—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing gases, vapours, powders or chemically-reactive substances by dispersion
    • F42B12/52—Fuel-air explosive devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C19/00—Details of fuzes
    • F42C19/08—Primers; Detonators
    • F42C19/0838—Primers or igniters for the initiation or the explosive charge in a warhead
    • F42C19/0846—Arrangements of a multiplicity of primers or detonators, dispersed within a warhead, for increased efficiency

Definitions

  • the technical field of the invention is that of armor-piercing warheads which comprise a bar surrounded at least in part by at least one energetic material.
  • the subject of the invention is a perforating warhead comprising a perforating bar surrounded at least in part by at least one energetic material, and comprising a means for priming the energetic material, warhead characterized in that the bar is secured to two flanges, a front flange and a rear flange, the bar extending in front of the front flange, the flanges and the bar delimiting an annular volume in which the energetic material(s) is placed, warhead comprising a cylindrical envelope surrounding the energetic material or materials, the envelope being constituted by a thin sheet of synthetic material or else by an explosive material with a thermosetting plastic binder integrating glass or carbon fibers in its composition.
  • the energetic material may be a thermobaric effect material.
  • the armor-piercing warhead may comprise a cylindrical envelope surrounding the energetic material(s).
  • the envelope may be constituted by a thin sheet of synthetic material.
  • the energetic material may comprise a secondary explosive incorporating a blast-enhancing agent, such as aluminum or ammonium perchlorate.
  • a blast-enhancing agent such as aluminum or ammonium perchlorate.
  • the priming means may then comprise at least one crown of detonation relays integral with at least one of the flanges.
  • the energetic material may comprise a dispersible gel combustible in the air.
  • the energetic material may be a gel combining a fuel such as nitromethane and at least one blast-enhancing material such as aluminum.
  • the priming means may comprise at least one priming explosive ring interposed between the bar and the energetic material, ring itself initiated by at least one ring of initiators.
  • the bar and the flanges may be made in the form of a single piece.
  • a warhead 1 comprises a perforating bar 2 which is integral with two flanges 3a and 3b.
  • the bar 2 is for example made of a dense material such as tungsten.
  • the function of the bar 2 is to ensure the perforation of a wall of a target (not shown).
  • the warhead 1 is integral with a projectile (not shown) such as a missile or a rocket, or even a projectile fired by a weapon system (tank or artillery gun).
  • a projectile such as a missile or a rocket
  • a weapon system such as a weapon or artillery gun
  • the projectile is driven by a speed V which is communicated to it by the weapon system or else by a propellant (missile or rocket).
  • This speed V is that at which the bar impacts a wall which it punctures.
  • the flanges 3a and 3b are made integral with the bar 2, for example by threading or by welding if the bar and the closing flange are made of different materials (for reasons of weight saving or positioning of the center of gravity.. .).
  • the flanges can also, in the case of the use of an additive manufacturing process, form a single and unique part with the bar. They are then made of one and the same material ensuring the mechanical resistance of the warhead to the constraints of implementation (firing in particular) while also ensuring the terminal performance relating to the perforation of reinforced structures.
  • the flanges are for example made steel with high mechanical characteristics (elastic limit greater than 1800 Mega Pascals). It is clear to those skilled in the art that it is also possible to produce the bar and the flanges in one and the same piece by a conventional machining process by removal of material.
  • the bar 2 extends forward AV of the front flange 3a. It is the bar that impacts the wall of the target first.
  • the front flange 3a may also have an ogival profile favoring the continuation of the perforation initiated by the bar 2. Such a profile variant is visible on the figures 3 and 4 .
  • the front face 4a of the front flange 3a is conical and the rear face 4b is flat. This massive front flange has good punching characteristics.
  • the front face 4a of the front plate 3a is conical and the rear face 4b is also conical. This latter embodiment makes it possible to reduce the mass of the front flange.
  • the flanges 3a and 3b and the bar 2 delimit an annular volume in which is placed at least one energetic material 5.
  • the rear flange 3b carries an ignition means 6 for the energetic material 5.
  • This priming means 6 here comprises at least one ring of detonation relays 7 which are integral with the rear flange 3b and which are arranged in housings adapted to receive them. All the detonation relays 7 are controlled by a fuse 8 which ensures their simultaneous initiation and to which they are connected by wires.
  • the detonation relays 7 are regularly distributed angularly around the axis 9 of the warhead.
  • the multipoint ignition of the energetic material 5 ensures the generation of a wave of pseudo-annular detonation (whose shape depends on the number of relays 7 integrated into the initiation system) in the material 5, without disturbance by the bar 2.
  • the warhead finally comprises a cylindrical casing 10 which surrounds the energetic material 5 and also the flanges 3a and 3b.
  • the material of the casing 10 may consist of a thin sheet of synthetic material, for example a sheet of polytetrafluorethylene or heat-shrinkable polyvinylidene fluoride, or a plastic material reinforced with fiberglass.
  • the casing 10 seals the energy charge 5 with respect to humidity. It does not intervene in the mechanical resistance of the warhead 1 which is ensured by the bar 2 and the flanges 3a and 3b (and also by the structure of the projectile - not shown).
  • the casing 10 may advantageously be made of a material which is itself explosive with a thermosetting plastic binder which will ensure the necessary sealing.
  • This envelope in energetic material will integrate in its composition glass or carbon fibers which will allow to optimize the rigidity. Consequently, the envelope, far from disturbing the generation of the expected breath effects, will itself contribute to this generation.
  • the warhead 1 thus only generates a blast effect, which reduces the lethality radius of the ammunition during an initiation in an open field and limits the collateral effects during use in an urban area.
  • the warhead according to the invention has a perforation capacity which is provided to it by the bar 2, possibly supplemented by the front flange 3a.
  • the rocket 8 ensures the initiation of the energetic material 5.
  • the latter is configured to generate a blast effect. This effect is deployed behind the protective wall through which the bar passes. Efficiency is therefore optimal inside a confined space which was protected by the wall thus traversed.
  • Warhead 1 There is no projection of fragments. An initiation of Warhead 1 outside the target will have reduced lethal effect.
  • the energetic material 5 will thus be a material with a thermobaric effect, that is to say a material optimized to generate a blast effect.
  • the energetic material 5 may comprise a secondary explosive, for example hexogen, which incorporates a blast-enhancing agent, such as aluminum or ammonium perchlorate. Most breath enhancers are strong reducers.
  • an energetic material comprising 30 to 40% hexogen, 20 to 30% trinitrotoluene and 30 to 40% aluminum.
  • the figure 5 shows in longitudinal section a warhead according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • This mode differs from the previous one essentially by the nature of the energetic material 5 which is implemented.
  • the energetic material 5 here consists of a dispersible gel which is combustible in the air. These materials are well known to those skilled in the art under the Anglo-Saxon name of “fuel-air explosives” or FAE.
  • the energetic material 5 may thus be constituted by a gel which combines a combustible material such as nitromethane and a blast reinforcing material such as aluminum.
  • Such a sequence is obtained by using a ring of ignition and projection explosive 11 which is interposed between the bar 2 and the energetic material 5.
  • This explosive ring 11 is itself initiated by a crown of initiators 7 controlled by the rocket 8.
  • the ignition and projection explosive ring 11 is for example formed by a block of hexogen or octogen combined with phlegmatizing binders. It will be possible to incorporate in the ignition ring 11 an energetic material, for example with a pyrophoric effect, to improve the ignition capacities of the gel by the ignition and projection explosive 11 after the projection of the gel.
  • the detonation of the explosive ring 11 will cause the radial projection of the thermobaric energetic material 5 in the form of droplets, such that the apparent surface of the cloud formed by the droplets is as large as possible.
  • the energy deployed during the dispersion causes the ignition, step by step, of the fuel included in the droplets.
  • a warhead according to the invention and in which the energetic material is formed by a stack of several annular blocks surrounding the bar and interposed between the two flanges.
  • a warhead comprising two detonation relay crowns. Provision may be made for two concentric crowns arranged at the level of only one of the flanges. It is also possible to provide at least one detonation relay crown integral with each of the flanges. All crowns will be connected to the rocket which will ensure their initiation. It will also be possible to associate at least one detonation relay crown on each flange with an initiating explosive ring allowing the dispersion and initiation of a dispersible and combustible gel.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Specific Sealing Or Ventilating Devices For Doors And Windows (AREA)
  • Table Equipment (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)

Description

Le domaine technique de l'invention est celui des têtes militaires perforantes qui comprennent un barreau entouré au moins en partie d'au moins un matériau énergétique.The technical field of the invention is that of armor-piercing warheads which comprise a bar surrounded at least in part by at least one energetic material.

Il a été proposé en particulier par le brevet US3302570 un projectile comprenant un barreau perforant, par exemple en alliage de tungstène, entouré par une composition incendiaire qui est elle-même entourée par un corps de projectile dont la partie avant permet d'améliorer la perforation d'une cible.It has been proposed in particular by the patent US3302570 a projectile comprising a perforating bar, for example made of tungsten alloy, surrounded by an incendiary composition which is itself surrounded by a projectile body whose front part makes it possible to improve the perforation of a target.

Un tel projectile a des capacités tout à la fois perforante et incendiaire. Cependant la quantité de matériau énergétique emportée reste modeste et l'effet de souffle obtenu est très limité.Such a projectile has both piercing and incendiary capabilities. However, the quantity of energetic material carried remains modest and the blast effect obtained is very limited.

On connait également par le brevet US6135028 un projectile ayant deux modes de fonctionnement : un mode perforant qui est assuré par un noyau renfermant une charge explosive et un mode anti cible légère qui est assuré par une enveloppe engendrant des éclats qui sont mis en vitesse par une couronne d'explosif. Avec ce projectile, la charge entourant le barreau est éjectée à l'impact d'une cible dure. Seul l'explosif contenu à l'intérieur du barreau peut être initié à l'intérieur de la cible. La masse d'explosif mis en œuvre reste donc réduite et l'effet de projection des éclats du barreau est privilégié par rapport à l'effet de souffle.We also know from the patent US6135028 a projectile having two modes of operation: a perforating mode which is ensured by a core containing an explosive charge and a light anti-target mode which is ensured by an envelope generating fragments which are set in motion by an explosive ring. With this projectile, the charge surrounding the bar is ejected on impact with a hard target. Only the explosive contained inside the bar can be initiated inside the target. The mass of explosive used therefore remains small and the projection effect of the shards of the bar is favored over the blast effect.

On connait aussi par le brevet EP0886121 un projectile comportant une grenade perforante chargée d'explosif. Cette grenade est disposée axialement dans un étui qui génère des éclats et qui renferme également une charge explosive périphérique. Dans ce brevet, comme dans le précédent, seule la charge explosive contenue dans la grenade perforante peut être mise en œuvre à l'intérieur d'une cible. La masse d'explosif mis en œuvre reste donc réduite et l'effet de projection des éclats de la grenade est encore privilégié par rapport à l'effet de souffle.We also know from the patent EP0886121 a projectile comprising an armor-piercing grenade loaded with explosives. This grenade is arranged axially in a case which generates fragments and which also contains a peripheral explosive charge. In this patent, as in the previous one, only the explosive charge contained in the piercing grenade can be used inside a target. The mass of explosive used therefore remains reduced and the effect of The projection of grenade fragments is still favored over the blast effect.

Il existe aujourd'hui un besoin de définir des têtes militaires ayant une capacité perforante renforcée et pouvant engendrer un effet de souffle renforcé à l'intérieur d'une cible ou derrière une paroi.Today there is a need to define warheads having a reinforced perforating capacity and capable of generating a reinforced blast effect inside a target or behind a wall.

Ainsi l'invention a pour objet une tête militaire perforante comprenant un barreau perforant entouré au moins en partie d'au moins un matériau énergétique, et comportant un moyen d'amorçage du matériau énergétique, tête militaire caractérisée en ce que le barreau est solidaire de deux flasques, un flasque avant et un flasque arrière, le barreau s'étendant en avant du flasque avant, les flasques et le barreau délimitant un volume annulaire dans lequel est disposé le ou les matériau(x) énergétique(s), tête militaire comportant une enveloppe cylindrique entourant le ou les matériaux énergétiques, l'enveloppe étant constituée par une feuille mince en matériau synthétique ou bien par un matériau explosif à liant plastique thermodurcissable intégrant dans sa composition des fibres de verre ou de carbone.Thus the subject of the invention is a perforating warhead comprising a perforating bar surrounded at least in part by at least one energetic material, and comprising a means for priming the energetic material, warhead characterized in that the bar is secured to two flanges, a front flange and a rear flange, the bar extending in front of the front flange, the flanges and the bar delimiting an annular volume in which the energetic material(s) is placed, warhead comprising a cylindrical envelope surrounding the energetic material or materials, the envelope being constituted by a thin sheet of synthetic material or else by an explosive material with a thermosetting plastic binder integrating glass or carbon fibers in its composition.

Avantageusement, le matériau énergétique pourra être un matériau à effet thermobarique.Advantageously, the energetic material may be a thermobaric effect material.

La tête militaire perforante pourra comporter une enveloppe cylindrique entourant le ou les matériaux énergétiques.The armor-piercing warhead may comprise a cylindrical envelope surrounding the energetic material(s).

L'enveloppe pourra être constituée par une feuille mince en matériau synthétique.The envelope may be constituted by a thin sheet of synthetic material.

Selon un mode de réalisation, le matériau énergétique pourra comprendre un explosif secondaire incorporant un agent renforçateur de souffle, tel que l'aluminium ou le perchlorate d'ammonium.According to one embodiment, the energetic material may comprise a secondary explosive incorporating a blast-enhancing agent, such as aluminum or ammonium perchlorate.

Le moyen d'amorçage pourra alors comprendre au moins une couronne de relais de détonation solidaires d'au moins un des flasques.The priming means may then comprise at least one crown of detonation relays integral with at least one of the flanges.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation, le matériau énergétique pourra comprendre un gel dispersable combustible dans l'air.According to another embodiment, the energetic material may comprise a dispersible gel combustible in the air.

Le matériau énergétique pourra être un gel associant un combustible tel que le nitrométhane et au moins un matériau renforçateur de souffle tel que l'aluminium.The energetic material may be a gel combining a fuel such as nitromethane and at least one blast-enhancing material such as aluminum.

Le moyen d'amorçage pourra comprendre au moins un anneau d'explosif d'amorçage interposé entre le barreau et le matériau énergétique, anneau lui-même initié par au moins une couronne d'initiateurs.The priming means may comprise at least one priming explosive ring interposed between the bar and the energetic material, ring itself initiated by at least one ring of initiators.

Selon un mode particulier de réalisation, le barreau et les flasques pourront être réalisés sous la forme d'une seule pièce.According to a particular embodiment, the bar and the flanges may be made in the form of a single piece.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre de différents modes de réalisation, description faite en référence aux dessins annexés et dans lesquels :

  • [Fig. 1] montre en coupe longitudinale une tête militaire selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • [Fig. 2] est une coupe transversale de cette tête militaire, suivant le plan dont la trace AA est repérée à la figure 1 ;
  • [Fig. 3] montre en coupe longitudinale une première variante d'exécution du flasque avant ;
  • [Fig. 4] montre en coupe longitudinale une seconde variante d'exécution du flasque avant ;
  • [Fig. 5] représente une tête militaire selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention.
The invention will be better understood on reading the following description of various embodiments, description made with reference to the accompanying drawings and in which:
  • [ Fig. 1 ] shows in longitudinal section a warhead according to a first embodiment of the invention;
  • [ Fig. 2 ] is a transverse section of this warhead, following the plan whose trace AA is marked at figure 1 ;
  • [ Fig. 3 ] shows in longitudinal section a first alternative embodiment of the front flange;
  • [ Fig. 4 ] shows in longitudinal section a second alternative embodiment of the front flange;
  • [ Fig. 5 ] represents a warhead according to a second embodiment of the invention.

En se reportant à la figure 1, une tête militaire 1 selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention, comprend un barreau 2 perforant qui est solidaire de deux flasques 3a et 3b. Le barreau 2 est par exemple réalisé en un matériau dense tel que le tungstène.By referring to the figure 1 , a warhead 1 according to a first embodiment of the invention, comprises a perforating bar 2 which is integral with two flanges 3a and 3b. The bar 2 is for example made of a dense material such as tungsten.

Il peut être également réalisé en acier à très hautes caractéristiques mécaniques (acier maraging). Pour ce dernier mode de réalisation, un procédé de fabrication additive (fusion laser) permettra notamment d'aboutir à une architecture monolithique combinant le barreau 2 et les deux flasques 3a,3b dans une seule et unique pièce, gage d'une optimisation de la tenue mécanique de l'ensemble.It can also be made of steel with very high mechanical characteristics (maraging steel). For this last embodiment, an additive manufacturing process (laser fusion) will in particular lead to a monolithic architecture combining the bar 2 and the two flanges 3a, 3b in a single and unique part, guaranteeing an optimization of the overall mechanical strength.

La fonction du barreau 2 est d'assurer la perforation d'une paroi d'une cible (non représentée).The function of the bar 2 is to ensure the perforation of a wall of a target (not shown).

La tête militaire 1 est solidaire d'un projectile (non représenté) tel qu'un missile ou une roquette, ou encore un projectile tiré par un système d'arme (canon de char ou d'artillerie).The warhead 1 is integral with a projectile (not shown) such as a missile or a rocket, or even a projectile fired by a weapon system (tank or artillery gun).

Le projectile est animé d'une vitesse V qui lui est communiquée par le système d'arme ou bien par un propulseur (missile ou roquette). Cette vitesse V est celle à laquelle le barreau impacte une paroi dont il assure la perforation.The projectile is driven by a speed V which is communicated to it by the weapon system or else by a propellant (missile or rocket). This speed V is that at which the bar impacts a wall which it punctures.

Les flasques 3a et 3b sont rendus solidaires du barreau 2, par exemple par filetage ou par soudure si le barreau et le flasque de fermeture sont fabriqués dans des matériaux différents (pour des raisons de gain de masse ou de positionnement du centre de gravité...).The flanges 3a and 3b are made integral with the bar 2, for example by threading or by welding if the bar and the closing flange are made of different materials (for reasons of weight saving or positioning of the center of gravity.. .).

A titre d'exemple, il est possible d'envisager un barreau en tungstène et un flasque en acier à haute résistance. Comme précisé précédemment, les flasques peuvent aussi, dans le cas du recours à un procédé de fabrication additive, ne former qu'une seule et unique pièce avec le barreau. Ils sont alors réalisés en un seul et même matériau assurant la tenue mécanique de la tête militaire aux contraintes de mise en œuvre (le tir en particulier) tout en assurant également les performances terminales relatives à la perforation de structures renforcées. Les flasques sont par exemple réalisés en acier à hautes caractéristiques mécaniques (limite élastique supérieure à 1800 Méga Pascals). Il est clair pour l'Homme du Métier qu'il est également possible de réaliser le barreau et les flasques en une seule et même pièce par un procédé d'usinage classique par enlèvement de matière.By way of example, it is possible to envisage a tungsten bar and a high-strength steel flange. As specified above, the flanges can also, in the case of the use of an additive manufacturing process, form a single and unique part with the bar. They are then made of one and the same material ensuring the mechanical resistance of the warhead to the constraints of implementation (firing in particular) while also ensuring the terminal performance relating to the perforation of reinforced structures. The flanges are for example made steel with high mechanical characteristics (elastic limit greater than 1800 Mega Pascals). It is clear to those skilled in the art that it is also possible to produce the bar and the flanges in one and the same piece by a conventional machining process by removal of material.

Comme on le voit sur la figure 1, le barreau 2 s'étend en avant AV du flasque avant 3a. C'est le barreau qui impacte la paroi de la cible en premier. Le flasque avant 3a pourra par ailleurs présenter un profil ogivé favorisant la poursuite de la perforation amorcée par le barreau 2. Une telle variante de profil est visible sur les figures 3 et 4.As seen on the figure 1 , the bar 2 extends forward AV of the front flange 3a. It is the bar that impacts the wall of the target first. The front flange 3a may also have an ogival profile favoring the continuation of the perforation initiated by the bar 2. Such a profile variant is visible on the figures 3 and 4 .

Sur la figure 3, la face avant 4a du flasque avant 3a est conique et la face arrière 4b est plane. Ce flasque avant massif a de bonnes caractéristiques de perforation.On the picture 3 , the front face 4a of the front flange 3a is conical and the rear face 4b is flat. This massive front flange has good punching characteristics.

Sur la figure 4, la face avant 4a du flasque avant 3a est conique et la face arrière 4b est également conique. Ce dernier mode de réalisation permet de réduire la masse du flasque avant.On the figure 4 , the front face 4a of the front plate 3a is conical and the rear face 4b is also conical. This latter embodiment makes it possible to reduce the mass of the front flange.

Les flasques 3a et 3b et le barreau 2 délimitent un volume annulaire dans lequel est disposé au moins un matériau énergétique 5.The flanges 3a and 3b and the bar 2 delimit an annular volume in which is placed at least one energetic material 5.

Suivant le mode de réalisation des figures 1 et 2, le flasque arrière 3b porte un moyen d'amorçage 6 du matériau énergétique 5.According to the embodiment of figures 1 and 2 , the rear flange 3b carries an ignition means 6 for the energetic material 5.

Ce moyen d'amorçage 6 comprend ici au moins une couronne de relais de détonation 7 qui sont solidaires du flasque arrière 3b et qui sont disposés dans des logements adaptés pour les recevoir. Tous les relais de détonation 7 sont commandés par une fusée 8 qui assure leur initiation simultanée et à laquelle ils sont reliés par des fils.This priming means 6 here comprises at least one ring of detonation relays 7 which are integral with the rear flange 3b and which are arranged in housings adapted to receive them. All the detonation relays 7 are controlled by a fuse 8 which ensures their simultaneous initiation and to which they are connected by wires.

Comme on le voit sur la figure 2, les relais de détonation 7 sont régulièrement répartis angulairement autour de l'axe 9 de la tête militaire. L'amorçage multipoints du matériau énergétique 5 assure la génération d'une onde de détonation pseudo-annulaire (dont la forme est fonction du nombre de relais 7 intégrés au système d'amorçage) dans le matériau 5, sans perturbation par le barreau 2.As seen on the figure 2 , the detonation relays 7 are regularly distributed angularly around the axis 9 of the warhead. The multipoint ignition of the energetic material 5 ensures the generation of a wave of pseudo-annular detonation (whose shape depends on the number of relays 7 integrated into the initiation system) in the material 5, without disturbance by the bar 2.

La tête militaire comporte enfin une enveloppe cylindrique 10 qui entoure le matériau énergétique 5 et également les flasques 3a et 3b. Le matériau de l'enveloppe 10 pourra être constitué par une feuille mince en matériau synthétique, par exemple une feuille de polytétra-fluoréthylène ou de fluorure de polyvinylidène thermo rétractable, ou une matière plastique renforcée de fibre de verre.The warhead finally comprises a cylindrical casing 10 which surrounds the energetic material 5 and also the flanges 3a and 3b. The material of the casing 10 may consist of a thin sheet of synthetic material, for example a sheet of polytetrafluorethylene or heat-shrinkable polyvinylidene fluoride, or a plastic material reinforced with fiberglass.

L'enveloppe 10 assure l'étanchéité du chargement énergétique 5 vis-à-vis de l'humidité. Elle n'intervient pas dans la résistance mécanique de la tête militaire 1 qui est assurée par le barreau 2 et les flasques 3a et 3b (et aussi par la structure du projectile - non représentée).The casing 10 seals the energy charge 5 with respect to humidity. It does not intervene in the mechanical resistance of the warhead 1 which is ensured by the bar 2 and the flanges 3a and 3b (and also by the structure of the projectile - not shown).

Il serait bien entendu possible de mettre en œuvre une enveloppe 10 en aluminium. L'intérêt de choisir une enveloppe en un matériau synthétique mince est d'éviter la formation d'éclats lors de l'initiation du matériau 5. En effet, avec les projectiles classiques, l'énergie développée par l'explosif est en partie consommée par la fragmentation de l'enveloppe avant de permettre la projection des éclats. L'effet de souffle se trouve donc obligatoirement réduit.It would of course be possible to implement an envelope 10 of aluminum. The advantage of choosing an envelope made of a thin synthetic material is to avoid the formation of splinters during the initiation of the material 5. Indeed, with conventional projectiles, the energy developed by the explosive is partly consumed by the fragmentation of the envelope before allowing the projection of the fragments. The blast effect is therefore necessarily reduced.

Dans une autre variante, l'enveloppe 10 pourra être avantageusement constituée par un matériau lui-même explosif à liant plastique thermodurcissable qui assurera l'étanchéité nécessaire. Cette enveloppe en matériau énergétique intégrera dans sa composition des fibres de verre ou de carbone qui permettront d'en optimiser la rigidité. Dès lors, l'enveloppe, loin de perturber la génération des effets de souffle attendus, contribuera elle-même à cette génération.In another variant, the casing 10 may advantageously be made of a material which is itself explosive with a thermosetting plastic binder which will ensure the necessary sealing. This envelope in energetic material will integrate in its composition glass or carbon fibers which will allow to optimize the rigidity. Consequently, the envelope, far from disturbing the generation of the expected breath effects, will itself contribute to this generation.

La tête militaire 1 engendre ainsi uniquement un effet de souffle, ce qui diminue le rayon de létalité de la munition lors d'une initiation en champ ouvert et limite les effets collatéraux lors d'une utilisation en zone urbaine.The warhead 1 thus only generates a blast effect, which reduces the lethality radius of the ammunition during an initiation in an open field and limits the collateral effects during use in an urban area.

Ainsi la tête militaire selon l'invention a une capacité de perforation qui lui est assurée par le barreau 2, complété éventuellement par le flasque avant 3a. Une fois la paroi de la cible perforée, la fusée 8 assure l'initiation du matériau énergétique 5. Ce dernier est configuré pour engendrer un effet de souffle. Cet effet est déployé derrière la paroi de protection traversée par le barreau. L'efficacité est donc optimale à l'intérieur d'un espace confiné qui était protégé par la paroi ainsi traversée.Thus the warhead according to the invention has a perforation capacity which is provided to it by the bar 2, possibly supplemented by the front flange 3a. Once the wall of the target has been perforated, the rocket 8 ensures the initiation of the energetic material 5. The latter is configured to generate a blast effect. This effect is deployed behind the protective wall through which the bar passes. Efficiency is therefore optimal inside a confined space which was protected by the wall thus traversed.

Il n'y a pas de projection d'éclats. Une initiation de la tête militaire 1 à l'extérieur de la cible aura un effet létal réduit.There is no projection of fragments. An initiation of Warhead 1 outside the target will have reduced lethal effect.

Le matériau énergétique 5 sera ainsi un matériau à effet thermobarique, c'est-à-dire un matériau optimisé pour engendrer un effet de souffle.The energetic material 5 will thus be a material with a thermobaric effect, that is to say a material optimized to generate a blast effect.

Selon un mode de réalisation, le matériau énergétique 5 pourra comprendre un explosif secondaire, par exemple de l'hexogène, qui incorpore un agent renforçateur de souffle, tel que l'aluminium ou le perchlorate d'ammonium. La plupart des agents renforçateurs de souffle sont des réducteurs puissants.According to one embodiment, the energetic material 5 may comprise a secondary explosive, for example hexogen, which incorporates a blast-enhancing agent, such as aluminum or ammonium perchlorate. Most breath enhancers are strong reducers.

A titre d'exemple on pourra associer :
40% à 50% d'hexogène, 30% à 40% d'aluminium et 10 à 20% de perchlorate d'ammonium en poudre et éventuellement un liant.For example, we can combine:
40% to 50% hexogen, 30% to 40% aluminum and 10 to 20% powdered ammonium perchlorate and possibly a binder.

On pourra également mettre en œuvre un matériau énergétique comprenant 30 à 40% d'hexogène, 20 à 30% de trinitrotoluène et 30 à 40% d'aluminium.It is also possible to use an energetic material comprising 30 to 40% hexogen, 20 to 30% trinitrotoluene and 30 to 40% aluminum.

La figure 5 représente en coupe longitudinale une tête militaire selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention.The figure 5 shows in longitudinal section a warhead according to a second embodiment of the invention.

Ce mode diffère du précédent essentiellement par la nature du matériau énergétique 5 qui est mis en œuvre.This mode differs from the previous one essentially by the nature of the energetic material 5 which is implemented.

Le matériau énergétique 5 est ici constitué par un gel dispersable qui est combustible dans l'air. Ces matériaux sont bien connus de l'Homme du Métier sous la dénomination anglo saxonne de « fuel-air explosives » ou FAE.The energetic material 5 here consists of a dispersible gel which is combustible in the air. These materials are well known to those skilled in the art under the Anglo-Saxon name of “fuel-air explosives” or FAE.

Le matériau énergétique 5 pourra ainsi être constitué par un gel qui associe un matériau combustible tel que le nitrométhane et un matériau renforçateur de souffle tel que l'aluminium.The energetic material 5 may thus be constituted by a gel which combines a combustible material such as nitromethane and a blast reinforcing material such as aluminum.

La mise en œuvre d'un tel matériau nécessite tout d'abord une dispersion du gel sous forme de fines gouttelettes, puis un allumage du gel ainsi dispersé.The implementation of such a material requires first of all a dispersion of the gel in the form of fine droplets, then an ignition of the gel thus dispersed.

On obtient une telle séquence en utilisant un anneau d'explosif d'allumage et de projection 11 qui est interposé entre le barreau 2 et le matériau énergétique 5.Such a sequence is obtained by using a ring of ignition and projection explosive 11 which is interposed between the bar 2 and the energetic material 5.

Cet anneau d'explosif 11 est lui-même initié par une couronne d'initiateurs 7 commandés par la fusée 8.This explosive ring 11 is itself initiated by a crown of initiators 7 controlled by the rocket 8.

L'anneau d'explosif d'allumage et de projection 11 est par exemple formé par un bloc d'hexogène ou d'octogène associé à des liants flegmatisants. On pourra incorporer dans l'anneau d'allumage 11 un matériau énergétique, par exemple à effet pyrophorique, pour améliorer les capacités d'allumage du gel par l'explosif d'allumage et de projection 11 après la projection du gel.The ignition and projection explosive ring 11 is for example formed by a block of hexogen or octogen combined with phlegmatizing binders. It will be possible to incorporate in the ignition ring 11 an energetic material, for example with a pyrophoric effect, to improve the ignition capacities of the gel by the ignition and projection explosive 11 after the projection of the gel.

La mise en détonation de l'anneau explosif 11 va provoquer la projection radiale du matériau énergétique thermobarique 5 sous forme de gouttelettes, de telle sorte que la surface apparente du nuage formé par les gouttelettes soit la plus importante possible.The detonation of the explosive ring 11 will cause the radial projection of the thermobaric energetic material 5 in the form of droplets, such that the apparent surface of the cloud formed by the droplets is as large as possible.

Cette répartition des gouttelettes permettra d'optimiser leurs conditions d'allumage en suspension et amplifiera les effets de postcombustion aérobie (mécanismes réactionnels associés à l'utilisation de tout ou partie de l'oxygène de l'air ambiant). Le souffle associé s'en retrouve maximisé.This distribution of the droplets will make it possible to optimize their ignition conditions in suspension and will amplify the effects of aerobic postcombustion (reaction mechanisms associated with the use of all or part of the oxygen in the ambient air). The associated breath is maximized.

En parallèle l'énergie déployée lors de la dispersion provoque l'allumage de proche en proche du combustible compris dans les gouttelettes.In parallel, the energy deployed during the dispersion causes the ignition, step by step, of the fuel included in the droplets.

Il en résulte un effet de souffle qui pourra être renforcé par la présence de réducteurs forts dans le gel, tel que la poudre d'aluminium.This results in a blast effect which may be reinforced by the presence of strong reducing agents in the gel, such as aluminum powder.

A titre d'exemple on pourra associer :
50% à 60% de nitrométhane et 30% à 40% d'aluminium en poudre (granulométrie de l'ordre du micromètre).For example, we can combine:
50% to 60% nitromethane and 30% to 40% powdered aluminum (particle size of the order of a micrometer).

A titre de variante, il est possible également de définir une tête militaire selon l'invention et dans laquelle le matériau énergétique est formé d'un empilement de plusieurs blocs annulaires entourant le barreau et interposés entre les deux flasques.As a variant, it is also possible to define a warhead according to the invention and in which the energetic material is formed by a stack of several annular blocks surrounding the bar and interposed between the two flanges.

On pourra aussi définir une tête militaire comportant deux couronnes de relais de détonation. On pourra prévoir deux couronnes concentriques disposées au niveau d'un seul des flasques. On pourra également prévoir au moins une couronne de relais de détonation solidaire de chacun des flasques. Toutes les couronnes seront reliées à la fusée qui assurera leur initiation. On pourra également associer au moins une couronne de relais de détonation sur chaque flasque avec un anneau d'explosif d'amorçage permettant la dispersion et l'initiation d'un gel dispersable et combustible.It is also possible to define a warhead comprising two detonation relay crowns. Provision may be made for two concentric crowns arranged at the level of only one of the flanges. It is also possible to provide at least one detonation relay crown integral with each of the flanges. All crowns will be connected to the rocket which will ensure their initiation. It will also be possible to associate at least one detonation relay crown on each flange with an initiating explosive ring allowing the dispersion and initiation of a dispersible and combustible gel.

Claims (8)

  1. A penetrative warhead (1) comprising a perforating rod (2) at least partly surrounded by at least one energetic material (5), and comprising a means (6) for initiating the energetic material, the rod (2) being integral with two flanges (3a, 3b), a front flange (3a) and a rear flange (3b), the rod (2) extending in front of the front flange (3a), the flanges (3a,3b) and the rod (2) delimiting an annular volume in which the energetic material(s) (5) is(are) disposed, the warhead comprising a cylindrical envelope (10) surrounding the energetic material(s) (5), characterised in that the envelope (10) consists in a thin sheet of synthetic material or in an explosive material with a thermosetting plastic binder and incorporating glass or carbon fibres in its composition.
  2. The penetrative warhead according to claim 1, characterised in that the energetic material (5) is a thermobaric material.
  3. The penetrative warhead according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterised in that the energetic material (5) comprises a secondary explosive incorporating a blast enhancer, such as aluminium or ammonium perchlorate.
  4. The penetrative warhead according to claim 3, characterised in that the initiating means (6) comprises at least one ring of detonating relays (7) that are integral with at least one of the flanges (3a, 3b).
  5. The penetrative warhead according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterised in that the energetic material (5) comprises an dispersible gel that is combustible in the air.
  6. The penetrative warhead according to claim 5, characterised in that the energetic material (5) is a gel combining a combustible such as nitromethane and at least one blast-enhancing material such as aluminium.
  7. The penetrative warhead according to one of claims 5 or 6, characterised in that the initiating means (6) comprises at least one ring of initating explosive (11) that is interposed between the rod (2) and the energetic material (5), which ring (11) is itself initiated by at least one ring of initiators (7).
  8. The penetrative warhead according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the rod (2) and the flanges (3a, 3b) are made as a single piece.
EP19208948.0A 2018-12-07 2019-11-13 Penetrative warhead Active EP3663703B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1872415A FR3089621B1 (en) 2018-12-07 2018-12-07 PIERCING MILITARY HEAD

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EP3663703B1 true EP3663703B1 (en) 2022-05-04

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CN113063325A (en) * 2021-03-15 2021-07-02 中国人民解放军93213部队 Emergency air action device for nuclear accident

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3000308A (en) * 1956-03-07 1961-09-19 William E Land High explosive composition
US3302570A (en) 1965-07-23 1967-02-07 Walter G Finch Armor piercing, fragmenting and incendiary projectile
US4573412A (en) * 1984-04-27 1986-03-04 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Plug nozzle kinetic energy penetrator rocket
DE29710228U1 (en) * 1997-06-13 1998-10-15 Diehl Stiftung & Co Bullet for barrel weapons
US6135028A (en) * 1998-10-14 2000-10-24 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Penetrating dual-mode warhead
DE10207209A1 (en) * 2002-02-21 2003-09-11 Rheinmetall W & M Gmbh Process for producing a large-caliber explosive projectile and an explosive projectile produced by this process
NO321356B1 (en) * 2004-05-06 2006-05-02 Dyno Nobel Asa Compressible explosive composition

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FR3089621A1 (en) 2020-06-12
ES2920801T3 (en) 2022-08-09
EP3663703A1 (en) 2020-06-10

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