EP3663703A1 - Penetrative warhead - Google Patents

Penetrative warhead Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3663703A1
EP3663703A1 EP19208948.0A EP19208948A EP3663703A1 EP 3663703 A1 EP3663703 A1 EP 3663703A1 EP 19208948 A EP19208948 A EP 19208948A EP 3663703 A1 EP3663703 A1 EP 3663703A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bar
military
energetic material
flanges
head according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP19208948.0A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3663703B1 (en
Inventor
Rémi Boulanger
Frédéric Nozeres
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nexter Munitions SA
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Nexter Munitions SA
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Publication date
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Publication of EP3663703A1 publication Critical patent/EP3663703A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3663703B1 publication Critical patent/EP3663703B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/04—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type
    • F42B12/06—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type with hard or heavy core; Kinetic energy penetrators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
    • F42B12/201—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type characterised by target class
    • F42B12/204—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type characterised by target class for attacking structures, e.g. specific buildings or fortifications, ships or vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
    • F42B12/207—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type characterised by the explosive material or the construction of the high explosive warhead, e.g. insensitive ammunition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/46—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing gases, vapours, powders or chemically-reactive substances
    • F42B12/50—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing gases, vapours, powders or chemically-reactive substances by dispersion
    • F42B12/52—Fuel-air explosive devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C19/00—Details of fuzes
    • F42C19/08—Primers; Detonators
    • F42C19/0838—Primers or igniters for the initiation or the explosive charge in a warhead
    • F42C19/0846—Arrangements of a multiplicity of primers or detonators, dispersed within a warhead, for increased efficiency

Definitions

  • the technical field of the invention is that of piercing military heads which comprise a bar surrounded at least in part by at least one energetic material.
  • the subject of the invention is a perforating military head comprising a perforating bar surrounded at least in part by at least one energetic material, and comprising a means for initiating energetic material, a military head characterized in that the bar is integral with two flanges, a front flange and a rear flange, the bar extending in front of the front flange, the flanges and the bar delimiting an annular volume in which is placed the energetic material (s), military head comprising a cylindrical envelope surrounding the energetic material (s), the envelope being constituted by a thin sheet of synthetic material or else by an explosive material with thermosetting plastic binder integrating in its composition glass or carbon fibers.
  • the energetic material may be a material with thermobaric effect.
  • the piercing military head may include a cylindrical envelope surrounding the energetic material (s).
  • the envelope may consist of a thin sheet of synthetic material.
  • the energetic material may comprise a secondary explosive incorporating a breath-reinforcing agent, such as aluminum or ammonium perchlorate.
  • a breath-reinforcing agent such as aluminum or ammonium perchlorate.
  • the priming means may then comprise at least one ring of detonation relays secured to at least one of the flanges.
  • the energetic material may comprise a combustible dispersible gel in air.
  • the energetic material may be a gel combining a fuel such as nitromethane and at least one breath-enhancing material such as aluminum.
  • the initiating means may include at least one initiating explosive ring interposed between the bar and the energetic material, which ring is initiated by at least one ring of initiators.
  • the bar and the flanges can be made in the form of a single piece.
  • a military head 1 according to a first embodiment of the invention, comprises a perforating bar 2 which is integral with two flanges 3a and 3b.
  • the bar 2 is for example made of a dense material such as tungsten.
  • the function of the bar 2 is to ensure the perforation of a wall of a target (not shown).
  • the military head 1 is secured to a projectile (not shown) such as a missile or a rocket, or even a projectile fired by a weapon system (tank or artillery gun).
  • a projectile such as a missile or a rocket
  • a weapon system such as a weapon or artillery gun
  • the projectile is driven by a speed V which is communicated to it by the weapon system or else by a propellant (missile or rocket).
  • This speed V is that at which the bar impacts a wall of which it provides the perforation.
  • the flanges 3a and 3b are made integral with the bar 2, for example by threading or welding if the bar and the closing flange are made of different materials (for reasons of mass gain or positioning of the center of gravity. .).
  • the flanges can also, in the case of using an additive manufacturing process, form only one and only part with the bar. They are then made of a single material ensuring the mechanical strength of the military head to the constraints of implementation (shooting in particular) while also ensuring the terminal performance relating to the perforation of reinforced structures.
  • the flanges are for example made in steel with high mechanical characteristics (elastic limit higher than 1800 Mega Pascals). It is clear to those skilled in the art that it is also possible to produce the bar and the flanges in a single piece by a conventional machining process by removing material.
  • the bar 2 extends in front AV of the front flange 3a. It is the bar which impacts the target wall first.
  • the front flange 3a may also have an ogive profile favoring the continuation of the perforation initiated by the bar 2. Such a variant profile is visible on the figures 3 and 4 .
  • the front face 4a of the front flange 3a is conical and the rear face 4b is flat.
  • This massive front flange has good perforation characteristics.
  • the front face 4a of the front flange 3a is conical and the rear face 4b is also conical. This last embodiment makes it possible to reduce the mass of the front flange.
  • the flanges 3a and 3b and the bar 2 define an annular volume in which is disposed at least one energetic material 5.
  • the rear flange 3b carries an initiating means 6 of the energetic material 5.
  • This priming means 6 here comprises at least one ring of detonation relay 7 which are integral with the rear flange 3b and which are arranged in housings adapted to receive them. All the detonation relays 7 are controlled by a rocket 8 which ensures their simultaneous initiation and to which they are connected by wires.
  • the detonation relays 7 are regularly distributed angularly around the axis 9 of the military head.
  • Multipoint ignition of energetic material 5 generates a wave of pseudo-annular detonation (the shape of which depends on the number of relays 7 integrated into the priming system) in the material 5, without disturbance by the bar 2.
  • the military head finally comprises a cylindrical envelope 10 which surrounds the energetic material 5 and also the flanges 3a and 3b.
  • the material of the envelope 10 may consist of a thin sheet of synthetic material, for example a sheet of polytetra-fluorethylene or of heat-shrinkable polyvinylidene fluoride, or a plastic material reinforced with glass fiber.
  • the casing 10 seals the energy charge 5 against moisture. It does not intervene in the mechanical resistance of the military head 1 which is provided by the bar 2 and the flanges 3a and 3b (and also by the structure of the projectile - not shown).
  • the casing 10 could advantageously consist of a material which is itself explosive with a thermosetting plastic binder which will provide the necessary seal.
  • This envelope of energetic material will integrate in its composition glass or carbon fibers which will optimize its rigidity. Consequently, the envelope, far from disturbing the generation of the expected breath effects, will itself contribute to this generation.
  • the military head 1 thus generates only a blast effect, which decreases the radius of lethality of the ammunition during an initiation in an open field and limits the collateral effects when used in urban areas.
  • the military head according to the invention has a perforation capacity which is provided to it by the bar 2, possibly supplemented by the front flange 3a.
  • the rocket 8 initiates the energetic material 5.
  • the latter is configured to generate a blast effect. This effect is deployed behind the protective wall crossed by the bar. Efficiency is therefore optimal inside a confined space which was protected by the wall thus crossed.
  • the energetic material 5 will thus be a material with a thermobaric effect, that is to say a material optimized to generate a blast effect.
  • the energetic material 5 may comprise a secondary explosive, for example hexogen, which incorporates a breath-reinforcing agent, such as aluminum or ammonium perchlorate. Most breath enhancers are powerful reducers.
  • an energetic material comprising 30 to 40% of hexogen, 20 to 30% of trinitrotoluene and 30 to 40% of aluminum.
  • the figure 5 shows in longitudinal section a military head according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • This mode differs from the previous one essentially by the nature of the energetic material 5 which is used.
  • the energetic material 5 here consists of a dispersible gel which is combustible in the air. These materials are well known to those skilled in the art under the Anglo-Saxon name of "explosive fuel-air” or FAE.
  • the energetic material 5 could thus consist of a gel which combines a combustible material such as nitromethane and a breath-enhancing material such as aluminum.
  • Such a sequence is obtained by using a ring of ignition and projection explosive 11 which is interposed between the bar 2 and the energetic material 5.
  • This explosive ring 11 is itself initiated by a ring of initiators 7 controlled by the rocket 8.
  • the ignition and projection explosive ring 11 is for example formed by a block of hexogen or octogen associated with phlegmatizing binders.
  • An energetic material for example with pyrophoric effect, can be incorporated into the ignition ring 11 to improve the ignition capabilities of the gel by the ignition and projection explosive 11 after the gel has been sprayed.
  • the detonation of the explosive ring 11 will cause the radial projection of the thermobaric energetic material 5 in the form of droplets, so that the apparent surface of the cloud formed by the droplets is as large as possible.
  • This distribution of droplets will optimize their ignition conditions in suspension and will amplify the effects of aerobic afterburning (reaction mechanisms associated with the use of all or part of the oxygen in the ambient air). The associated breath is maximized.
  • the energy deployed during the dispersion causes the ignition of the fuel included in the droplets step by step.
  • the energetic material is formed of a stack of several annular blocks surrounding the bar and interposed between the two flanges.
  • a military head comprising two detonation relay crowns. It is possible to provide two concentric rings arranged at the level of only one of the flanges. It is also possible to provide at least one detonation relay ring integral with each of the flanges. All the crowns will be connected to the rocket which will ensure their initiation. It is also possible to associate at least one ring of detonation relays on each flange with a ring of initiating explosive allowing the dispersion and initiation of a dispersible and combustible gel.

Abstract

L'invention a pour objet une tête militaire perforante (1) comprenant un barreau perforant (2) entouré au moins en partie d'au moins un matériau énergétique (5), et comportant un moyen d'amorçage (6) du matériau énergétique. Cette tête militaire (1) est caractérisée en ce que le barreau est solidaire de deux flasques (3a,3b), un flasque avant (3a) et un flasque arrière (3b), le barreau (2) s'étendant en avant du flasque avant (3a), les flasques (3a,3b) et le barreau (2) délimitant un volume annulaire dans lequel est disposé le ou les matériau(x) énergétique(s) (5), tête militaire comportant une enveloppe cylindrique (10) entourant le ou les matériaux énergétiques (5), l'enveloppe (10) étant constituée par une feuille mince en matériau synthétique ou bien par un matériau explosif à liant plastique thermodurcissable intégrant dans sa composition des fibres de verre ou de carbone.The subject of the invention is a piercing military head (1) comprising a piercing bar (2) surrounded at least in part by at least one energetic material (5), and comprising a means of initiation (6) of the energetic material. This military head (1) is characterized in that the bar is integral with two flanges (3a, 3b), a front flange (3a) and a rear flange (3b), the bar (2) extending in front of the flange front (3a), the flanges (3a, 3b) and the bar (2) delimiting an annular volume in which is placed the energetic material (s) (5), military head comprising a cylindrical envelope (10) surrounding the energetic material (s) (5), the envelope (10) being constituted by a thin sheet of synthetic material or else by an explosive material with thermosetting plastic binder incorporating in its composition glass or carbon fibers.

Description

Le domaine technique de l'invention est celui des têtes militaires perforantes qui comprennent un barreau entouré au moins en partie d'au moins un matériau énergétique.The technical field of the invention is that of piercing military heads which comprise a bar surrounded at least in part by at least one energetic material.

Il a été proposé en particulier par le brevet US3302570 un projectile comprenant un barreau perforant, par exemple en alliage de tungstène, entouré par une composition incendiaire qui est elle-même entourée par un corps de projectile dont la partie avant permet d'améliorer la perforation d'une cible.It was proposed in particular by the patent US3302570 a projectile comprising a perforating bar, for example made of tungsten alloy, surrounded by an incendiary composition which is itself surrounded by a projectile body whose front part makes it possible to improve the perforation of a target.

Un tel projectile a des capacités tout à la fois perforante et incendiaire. Cependant la quantité de matériau énergétique emportée reste modeste et l'effet de souffle obtenu est très limité.Such a projectile has both piercing and incendiary capabilities. However, the quantity of energetic material carried remains modest and the blast effect obtained is very limited.

On connait également par le brevet US6135028 un projectile ayant deux modes de fonctionnement : un mode perforant qui est assuré par un noyau renfermant une charge explosive et un mode anti cible légère qui est assuré par une enveloppe engendrant des éclats qui sont mis en vitesse par une couronne d'explosif. Avec ce projectile, la charge entourant le barreau est éjectée à l'impact d'une cible dure. Seul l'explosif contenu à l'intérieur du barreau peut être initié à l'intérieur de la cible. La masse d'explosif mis en œuvre reste donc réduite et l'effet de projection des éclats du barreau est privilégié par rapport à l'effet de souffle.We also know by patent US6135028 a projectile having two operating modes: a piercing mode which is provided by a core containing an explosive charge and a light anti-target mode which is provided by an envelope generating bursts which are set in speed by a ring of explosive. With this projectile, the charge surrounding the bar is ejected on impact from a hard target. Only the explosive contained inside the bar can be initiated inside the target. The mass of explosive used therefore remains reduced and the projection effect of the bar bursts is favored over the blast effect.

On connait aussi par le brevet EP0886121 un projectile comportant une grenade perforante chargée d'explosif. Cette grenade est disposée axialement dans un étui qui génère des éclats et qui renferme également une charge explosive périphérique. Dans ce brevet, comme dans le précédent, seule la charge explosive contenue dans la grenade perforante peut être mise en œuvre à l'intérieur d'une cible. La masse d'explosif mis en œuvre reste donc réduite et l'effet de projection des éclats de la grenade est encore privilégié par rapport à l'effet de souffle.We also know by patent EP0886121 a projectile comprising a penetrating grenade charged with explosive. This grenade is axially placed in a case which generates splinters and which also contains a peripheral explosive charge. In this patent, as in the previous one, only the explosive charge contained in the piercing grenade can be implemented inside a target. The mass of explosive used therefore remains reduced and the effect of projection of the fragments of the grenade is still privileged compared to the effect of breath.

Il existe aujourd'hui un besoin de définir des têtes militaires ayant une capacité perforante renforcée et pouvant engendrer un effet de souffle renforcé à l'intérieur d'une cible ou derrière une paroi.Today there is a need to define military heads having a reinforced piercing capacity and which can generate a reinforced blast effect inside a target or behind a wall.

Ainsi l'invention a pour objet une tête militaire perforante comprenant un barreau perforant entouré au moins en partie d'au moins un matériau énergétique, et comportant un moyen d'amorçage du matériau énergétique, tête militaire caractérisée en ce que le barreau est solidaire de deux flasques, un flasque avant et un flasque arrière, le barreau s'étendant en avant du flasque avant, les flasques et le barreau délimitant un volume annulaire dans lequel est disposé le ou les matériau(x) énergétique(s), tête militaire comportant une enveloppe cylindrique entourant le ou les matériaux énergétiques, l'enveloppe étant constituée par une feuille mince en matériau synthétique ou bien par un matériau explosif à liant plastique thermodurcissable intégrant dans sa composition des fibres de verre ou de carbone.Thus, the subject of the invention is a perforating military head comprising a perforating bar surrounded at least in part by at least one energetic material, and comprising a means for initiating energetic material, a military head characterized in that the bar is integral with two flanges, a front flange and a rear flange, the bar extending in front of the front flange, the flanges and the bar delimiting an annular volume in which is placed the energetic material (s), military head comprising a cylindrical envelope surrounding the energetic material (s), the envelope being constituted by a thin sheet of synthetic material or else by an explosive material with thermosetting plastic binder integrating in its composition glass or carbon fibers.

Avantageusement, le matériau énergétique pourra être un matériau à effet thermobarique.Advantageously, the energetic material may be a material with thermobaric effect.

La tête militaire perforante pourra comporter une enveloppe cylindrique entourant le ou les matériaux énergétiques.The piercing military head may include a cylindrical envelope surrounding the energetic material (s).

L'enveloppe pourra être constituée par une feuille mince en matériau synthétique.The envelope may consist of a thin sheet of synthetic material.

Selon un mode de réalisation, le matériau énergétique pourra comprendre un explosif secondaire incorporant un agent renforçateur de souffle, tel que l'aluminium ou le perchlorate d'ammonium.According to one embodiment, the energetic material may comprise a secondary explosive incorporating a breath-reinforcing agent, such as aluminum or ammonium perchlorate.

Le moyen d'amorçage pourra alors comprendre au moins une couronne de relais de détonation solidaires d'au moins un des flasques.The priming means may then comprise at least one ring of detonation relays secured to at least one of the flanges.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation, le matériau énergétique pourra comprendre un gel dispersable combustible dans l'air.According to another embodiment, the energetic material may comprise a combustible dispersible gel in air.

Le matériau énergétique pourra être un gel associant un combustible tel que le nitrométhane et au moins un matériau renforçateur de souffle tel que l'aluminium.The energetic material may be a gel combining a fuel such as nitromethane and at least one breath-enhancing material such as aluminum.

Le moyen d'amorçage pourra comprendre au moins un anneau d'explosif d'amorçage interposé entre le barreau et le matériau énergétique, anneau lui-même initié par au moins une couronne d'initiateurs.The initiating means may include at least one initiating explosive ring interposed between the bar and the energetic material, which ring is initiated by at least one ring of initiators.

Selon un mode particulier de réalisation, le barreau et les flasques pourront être réalisés sous la forme d'une seule pièce.According to a particular embodiment, the bar and the flanges can be made in the form of a single piece.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre de différents modes de réalisation, description faite en référence aux dessins annexés et dans lesquels :

  • [Fig. 1] montre en coupe longitudinale une tête militaire selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • [Fig. 2] est une coupe transversale de cette tête militaire, suivant le plan dont la trace AA est repérée à la figure 1 ;
  • [Fig. 3] montre en coupe longitudinale une première variante d'exécution du flasque avant ;
  • [Fig. 4] montre en coupe longitudinale une seconde variante d'exécution du flasque avant ;
  • [Fig. 5] représente une tête militaire selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention.
The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows of different embodiments, description made with reference to the accompanying drawings and in which:
  • [ Fig. 1 ] shows in longitudinal section a military head according to a first embodiment of the invention;
  • [ Fig. 2 ] is a cross section of this military head, according to the plan whose trace AA is located at the figure 1 ;
  • [ Fig. 3 ] shows in longitudinal section a first alternative embodiment of the front flange;
  • [ Fig. 4 ] shows in longitudinal section a second alternative embodiment of the front flange;
  • [ Fig. 5 ] represents a military head according to a second embodiment of the invention.

En se reportant à la figure 1, une tête militaire 1 selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention, comprend un barreau 2 perforant qui est solidaire de deux flasques 3a et 3b. Le barreau 2 est par exemple réalisé en un matériau dense tel que le tungstène.Referring to the figure 1 , a military head 1 according to a first embodiment of the invention, comprises a perforating bar 2 which is integral with two flanges 3a and 3b. The bar 2 is for example made of a dense material such as tungsten.

Il peut être également réalisé en acier à très hautes caractéristiques mécaniques (acier maraging). Pour ce dernier mode de réalisation, un procédé de fabrication additive (fusion laser) permettra notamment d'aboutir à une architecture monolithique combinant le barreau 2 et les deux flasques 3a,3b dans une seule et unique pièce, gage d'une optimisation de la tenue mécanique de l'ensemble.It can also be made of steel with very high mechanical characteristics (maraging steel). For this latter embodiment, an additive manufacturing process (laser fusion) will in particular lead to a monolithic architecture combining the bar 2 and the two flanges 3a, 3b in a single piece, guaranteeing an optimization of the mechanical strength of the assembly.

La fonction du barreau 2 est d'assurer la perforation d'une paroi d'une cible (non représentée).The function of the bar 2 is to ensure the perforation of a wall of a target (not shown).

La tête militaire 1 est solidaire d'un projectile (non représenté) tel qu'un missile ou une roquette, ou encore un projectile tiré par un système d'arme (canon de char ou d'artillerie).The military head 1 is secured to a projectile (not shown) such as a missile or a rocket, or even a projectile fired by a weapon system (tank or artillery gun).

Le projectile est animé d'une vitesse V qui lui est communiquée par le système d'arme ou bien par un propulseur (missile ou roquette). Cette vitesse V est celle à laquelle le barreau impacte une paroi dont il assure la perforation.The projectile is driven by a speed V which is communicated to it by the weapon system or else by a propellant (missile or rocket). This speed V is that at which the bar impacts a wall of which it provides the perforation.

Les flasques 3a et 3b sont rendus solidaires du barreau 2, par exemple par filetage ou par soudure si le barreau et le flasque de fermeture sont fabriqués dans des matériaux différents (pour des raisons de gain de masse ou de positionnement du centre de gravité...).The flanges 3a and 3b are made integral with the bar 2, for example by threading or welding if the bar and the closing flange are made of different materials (for reasons of mass gain or positioning of the center of gravity. .).

A titre d'exemple, il est possible d'envisager un barreau en tungstène et un flasque en acier à haute résistance. Comme précisé précédemment, les flasques peuvent aussi, dans le cas du recours à un procédé de fabrication additive, ne former qu'une seule et unique pièce avec le barreau. Ils sont alors réalisés en un seul et même matériau assurant la tenue mécanique de la tête militaire aux contraintes de mise en œuvre (le tir en particulier) tout en assurant également les performances terminales relatives à la perforation de structures renforcées. Les flasques sont par exemple réalisés en acier à hautes caractéristiques mécaniques (limite élastique supérieure à 1800 Méga Pascals). Il est clair pour l'Homme du Métier qu'il est également possible de réaliser le barreau et les flasques en une seule et même pièce par un procédé d'usinage classique par enlèvement de matière.For example, it is possible to envisage a tungsten bar and a flange made of high-strength steel. As stated above, the flanges can also, in the case of using an additive manufacturing process, form only one and only part with the bar. They are then made of a single material ensuring the mechanical strength of the military head to the constraints of implementation (shooting in particular) while also ensuring the terminal performance relating to the perforation of reinforced structures. The flanges are for example made in steel with high mechanical characteristics (elastic limit higher than 1800 Mega Pascals). It is clear to those skilled in the art that it is also possible to produce the bar and the flanges in a single piece by a conventional machining process by removing material.

Comme on le voit sur la figure 1, le barreau 2 s'étend en avant AV du flasque avant 3a. C'est le barreau qui impacte la paroi de la cible en premier. Le flasque avant 3a pourra par ailleurs présenter un profil ogivé favorisant la poursuite de la perforation amorcée par le barreau 2. Une telle variante de profil est visible sur les figures 3 et 4.As seen on the figure 1 , the bar 2 extends in front AV of the front flange 3a. It is the bar which impacts the target wall first. The front flange 3a may also have an ogive profile favoring the continuation of the perforation initiated by the bar 2. Such a variant profile is visible on the figures 3 and 4 .

Sur la figure 3, la face avant 4a du flasque avant 3a est conique et la face arrière 4b est plane. Ce flasque avant massif a de bonnes caractéristiques de perforation.On the figure 3 , the front face 4a of the front flange 3a is conical and the rear face 4b is flat. This massive front flange has good perforation characteristics.

Sur la figure 4, la face avant 4a du flasque avant 3a est conique et la face arrière 4b est également conique. Ce dernier mode de réalisation permet de réduire la masse du flasque avant.On the figure 4 , the front face 4a of the front flange 3a is conical and the rear face 4b is also conical. This last embodiment makes it possible to reduce the mass of the front flange.

Les flasques 3a et 3b et le barreau 2 délimitent un volume annulaire dans lequel est disposé au moins un matériau énergétique 5.The flanges 3a and 3b and the bar 2 define an annular volume in which is disposed at least one energetic material 5.

Suivant le mode de réalisation des figures 1 et 2, le flasque arrière 3b porte un moyen d'amorçage 6 du matériau énergétique 5.According to the embodiment of the Figures 1 and 2 , the rear flange 3b carries an initiating means 6 of the energetic material 5.

Ce moyen d'amorçage 6 comprend ici au moins une couronne de relais de détonation 7 qui sont solidaires du flasque arrière 3b et qui sont disposés dans des logements adaptés pour les recevoir. Tous les relais de détonation 7 sont commandés par une fusée 8 qui assure leur initiation simultanée et à laquelle ils sont reliés par des fils.This priming means 6 here comprises at least one ring of detonation relay 7 which are integral with the rear flange 3b and which are arranged in housings adapted to receive them. All the detonation relays 7 are controlled by a rocket 8 which ensures their simultaneous initiation and to which they are connected by wires.

Comme on le voit sur la figure 2, les relais de détonation 7 sont régulièrement répartis angulairement autour de l'axe 9 de la tête militaire. L'amorçage multipoints du matériau énergétique 5 assure la génération d'une onde de détonation pseudo-annulaire (dont la forme est fonction du nombre de relais 7 intégrés au système d'amorçage) dans le matériau 5, sans perturbation par le barreau 2.As seen on the figure 2 , the detonation relays 7 are regularly distributed angularly around the axis 9 of the military head. Multipoint ignition of energetic material 5 generates a wave of pseudo-annular detonation (the shape of which depends on the number of relays 7 integrated into the priming system) in the material 5, without disturbance by the bar 2.

La tête militaire comporte enfin une enveloppe cylindrique 10 qui entoure le matériau énergétique 5 et également les flasques 3a et 3b. Le matériau de l'enveloppe 10 pourra être constitué par une feuille mince en matériau synthétique, par exemple une feuille de polytétra-fluoréthylène ou de fluorure de polyvinylidène thermo rétractable, ou une matière plastique renforcée de fibre de verre.The military head finally comprises a cylindrical envelope 10 which surrounds the energetic material 5 and also the flanges 3a and 3b. The material of the envelope 10 may consist of a thin sheet of synthetic material, for example a sheet of polytetra-fluorethylene or of heat-shrinkable polyvinylidene fluoride, or a plastic material reinforced with glass fiber.

L'enveloppe 10 assure l'étanchéité du chargement énergétique 5 vis-à-vis de l'humidité. Elle n'intervient pas dans la résistance mécanique de la tête militaire 1 qui est assurée par le barreau 2 et les flasques 3a et 3b (et aussi par la structure du projectile - non représentée).The casing 10 seals the energy charge 5 against moisture. It does not intervene in the mechanical resistance of the military head 1 which is provided by the bar 2 and the flanges 3a and 3b (and also by the structure of the projectile - not shown).

Il serait bien entendu possible de mettre en œuvre une enveloppe 10 en aluminium. L'intérêt de choisir une enveloppe en un matériau synthétique mince est d'éviter la formation d'éclats lors de l'initiation du matériau 5. En effet, avec les projectiles classiques, l'énergie développée par l'explosif est en partie consommée par la fragmentation de l'enveloppe avant de permettre la projection des éclats. L'effet de souffle se trouve donc obligatoirement réduit.It would of course be possible to use an aluminum casing 10. The advantage of choosing an envelope made of a thin synthetic material is to avoid the formation of splinters during the initiation of the material 5. In fact, with conventional projectiles, the energy developed by the explosive is partly consumed by the fragmentation of the envelope before allowing the projection of the fragments. The blast effect is therefore necessarily reduced.

Dans une autre variante, l'enveloppe 10 pourra être avantageusement constituée par un matériau lui-même explosif à liant plastique thermodurcissable qui assurera l'étanchéité nécessaire. Cette enveloppe en matériau énergétique intégrera dans sa composition des fibres de verre ou de carbone qui permettront d'en optimiser la rigidité. Dès lors, l'enveloppe, loin de perturber la génération des effets de souffle attendus, contribuera elle-même à cette génération.In another variant, the casing 10 could advantageously consist of a material which is itself explosive with a thermosetting plastic binder which will provide the necessary seal. This envelope of energetic material will integrate in its composition glass or carbon fibers which will optimize its rigidity. Consequently, the envelope, far from disturbing the generation of the expected breath effects, will itself contribute to this generation.

La tête militaire 1 engendre ainsi uniquement un effet de souffle, ce qui diminue le rayon de létalité de la munition lors d'une initiation en champ ouvert et limite les effets collatéraux lors d'une utilisation en zone urbaine.The military head 1 thus generates only a blast effect, which decreases the radius of lethality of the ammunition during an initiation in an open field and limits the collateral effects when used in urban areas.

Ainsi la tête militaire selon l'invention a une capacité de perforation qui lui est assurée par le barreau 2, complété éventuellement par le flasque avant 3a. Une fois la paroi de la cible perforée, la fusée 8 assure l'initiation du matériau énergétique 5. Ce dernier est configuré pour engendrer un effet de souffle. Cet effet est déployé derrière la paroi de protection traversée par le barreau. L'efficacité est donc optimale à l'intérieur d'un espace confiné qui était protégé par la paroi ainsi traversée.Thus the military head according to the invention has a perforation capacity which is provided to it by the bar 2, possibly supplemented by the front flange 3a. Once the target wall has been perforated, the rocket 8 initiates the energetic material 5. The latter is configured to generate a blast effect. This effect is deployed behind the protective wall crossed by the bar. Efficiency is therefore optimal inside a confined space which was protected by the wall thus crossed.

Il n'y a pas de projection d'éclats. Une initiation de la tête militaire 1 à l'extérieur de la cible aura un effet létal réduit.There is no projection of shards. An initiation of military head 1 outside the target will have a reduced lethal effect.

Le matériau énergétique 5 sera ainsi un matériau à effet thermobarique, c'est-à-dire un matériau optimisé pour engendrer un effet de souffle.The energetic material 5 will thus be a material with a thermobaric effect, that is to say a material optimized to generate a blast effect.

Selon un mode de réalisation, le matériau énergétique 5 pourra comprendre un explosif secondaire, par exemple de l'hexogène, qui incorpore un agent renforçateur de souffle, tel que l'aluminium ou le perchlorate d'ammonium. La plupart des agents renforçateurs de souffle sont des réducteurs puissants.According to one embodiment, the energetic material 5 may comprise a secondary explosive, for example hexogen, which incorporates a breath-reinforcing agent, such as aluminum or ammonium perchlorate. Most breath enhancers are powerful reducers.

A titre d'exemple on pourra associer :
40% à 50% d'hexogène, 30% à 40% d'aluminium et 10 à 20% de perchlorate d'ammonium en poudre et éventuellement un liant.As an example, we can associate:
40% to 50% hexogen, 30% to 40% aluminum and 10 to 20% ammonium perchlorate powder and possibly a binder.

On pourra également mettre en œuvre un matériau énergétique comprenant 30 à 40% d'hexogène, 20 à 30% de trinitrotoluène et 30 à 40% d'aluminium.It is also possible to use an energetic material comprising 30 to 40% of hexogen, 20 to 30% of trinitrotoluene and 30 to 40% of aluminum.

La figure 5 représente en coupe longitudinale une tête militaire selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention.The figure 5 shows in longitudinal section a military head according to a second embodiment of the invention.

Ce mode diffère du précédent essentiellement par la nature du matériau énergétique 5 qui est mis en œuvre.This mode differs from the previous one essentially by the nature of the energetic material 5 which is used.

Le matériau énergétique 5 est ici constitué par un gel dispersable qui est combustible dans l'air. Ces matériaux sont bien connus de l'Homme du Métier sous la dénomination anglo saxonne de « fuel-air explosives » ou FAE.The energetic material 5 here consists of a dispersible gel which is combustible in the air. These materials are well known to those skilled in the art under the Anglo-Saxon name of "explosive fuel-air" or FAE.

Le matériau énergétique 5 pourra ainsi être constitué par un gel qui associe un matériau combustible tel que le nitrométhane et un matériau renforçateur de souffle tel que l'aluminium.The energetic material 5 could thus consist of a gel which combines a combustible material such as nitromethane and a breath-enhancing material such as aluminum.

La mise en œuvre d'un tel matériau nécessite tout d'abord une dispersion du gel sous forme de fines gouttelettes, puis un allumage du gel ainsi dispersé.The implementation of such a material requires first of all a dispersion of the gel in the form of fine droplets, then an ignition of the gel thus dispersed.

On obtient une telle séquence en utilisant un anneau d'explosif d'allumage et de projection 11 qui est interposé entre le barreau 2 et le matériau énergétique 5.Such a sequence is obtained by using a ring of ignition and projection explosive 11 which is interposed between the bar 2 and the energetic material 5.

Cet anneau d'explosif 11 est lui-même initié par une couronne d'initiateurs 7 commandés par la fusée 8.This explosive ring 11 is itself initiated by a ring of initiators 7 controlled by the rocket 8.

L'anneau d'explosif d'allumage et de projection 11 est par exemple formé par un bloc d'hexogène ou d'octogène associé à des liants flegmatisants. On pourra incorporer dans l'anneau d'allumage 11 un matériau énergétique, par exemple à effet pyrophorique, pour améliorer les capacités d'allumage du gel par l'explosif d'allumage et de projection 11 après la projection du gel.The ignition and projection explosive ring 11 is for example formed by a block of hexogen or octogen associated with phlegmatizing binders. An energetic material, for example with pyrophoric effect, can be incorporated into the ignition ring 11 to improve the ignition capabilities of the gel by the ignition and projection explosive 11 after the gel has been sprayed.

La mise en détonation de l'anneau explosif 11 va provoquer la projection radiale du matériau énergétique thermobarique 5 sous forme de gouttelettes, de telle sorte que la surface apparente du nuage formé par les gouttelettes soit la plus importante possible.The detonation of the explosive ring 11 will cause the radial projection of the thermobaric energetic material 5 in the form of droplets, so that the apparent surface of the cloud formed by the droplets is as large as possible.

Cette répartition des gouttelettes permettra d'optimiser leurs conditions d'allumage en suspension et amplifiera les effets de postcombustion aérobie (mécanismes réactionnels associés à l'utilisation de tout ou partie de l'oxygène de l'air ambiant). Le souffle associé s'en retrouve maximisé.This distribution of droplets will optimize their ignition conditions in suspension and will amplify the effects of aerobic afterburning (reaction mechanisms associated with the use of all or part of the oxygen in the ambient air). The associated breath is maximized.

En parallèle l'énergie déployée lors de la dispersion provoque l'allumage de proche en proche du combustible compris dans les gouttelettes.In parallel, the energy deployed during the dispersion causes the ignition of the fuel included in the droplets step by step.

Il en résulte un effet de souffle qui pourra être renforcé par la présence de réducteurs forts dans le gel, tel que la poudre d'aluminium.This results in a blast effect which can be reinforced by the presence of strong reducing agents in the gel, such as aluminum powder.

A titre d'exemple on pourra associer :
50% à 60% de nitrométhane et 30% à 40% d'aluminium en poudre (granulométrie de l'ordre du micromètre).As an example, we can associate:
50% to 60% nitromethane and 30% to 40% aluminum powder (particle size on the order of a micrometer).

A titre de variante, il est possible également de définir une tête militaire selon l'invention et dans laquelle le matériau énergétique est formé d'un empilement de plusieurs blocs annulaires entourant le barreau et interposés entre les deux flasques.As a variant, it is also possible to define a military head according to the invention and in which the energetic material is formed of a stack of several annular blocks surrounding the bar and interposed between the two flanges.

On pourra aussi définir une tête militaire comportant deux couronnes de relais de détonation. On pourra prévoir deux couronnes concentriques disposées au niveau d'un seul des flasques. On pourra également prévoir au moins une couronne de relais de détonation solidaire de chacun des flasques. Toutes les couronnes seront reliées à la fusée qui assurera leur initiation. On pourra également associer au moins une couronne de relais de détonation sur chaque flasque avec un anneau d'explosif d'amorçage permettant la dispersion et l'initiation d'un gel dispersable et combustible.We could also define a military head comprising two detonation relay crowns. It is possible to provide two concentric rings arranged at the level of only one of the flanges. It is also possible to provide at least one detonation relay ring integral with each of the flanges. All the crowns will be connected to the rocket which will ensure their initiation. It is also possible to associate at least one ring of detonation relays on each flange with a ring of initiating explosive allowing the dispersion and initiation of a dispersible and combustible gel.

Claims (8)

Tête militaire perforante (1) comprenant un barreau perforant (2) entouré au moins en partie d'au moins un matériau énergétique (5), et comportant un moyen d'amorçage (6) du matériau énergétique, tête militaire caractérisée en ce que le barreau (2) est solidaire de deux flasques (3a,3b), un flasque avant (3a) et un flasque arrière (3b), le barreau (2) s'étendant en avant du flasque avant (3a), les flasques (3a, 3b) et le barreau (2) délimitant un volume annulaire dans lequel est disposé le ou les matériau(x) énergétique(s) (5), tête militaire comportant une enveloppe cylindrique (10) entourant le ou les matériaux énergétiques (5), l'enveloppe (10) étant constituée par une feuille mince en matériau synthétique ou bien par un matériau explosif à liant plastique thermodurcissable intégrant dans sa composition des fibres de verre ou de carbone.Military piercing head (1) comprising a piercing bar (2) surrounded at least in part by at least one energetic material (5), and comprising a means of initiation (6) of the energetic material, military head characterized in that the bar (2) is integral with two flanges (3a, 3b), a front flange (3a) and a rear flange (3b), the bar (2) extending in front of the front flange (3a), the flanges (3a , 3b) and the bar (2) delimiting an annular volume in which is placed the energetic material (s) (5), military head comprising a cylindrical envelope (10) surrounding the energetic material (s) (5) , the envelope (10) being constituted by a thin sheet of synthetic material or else by an explosive material with thermosetting plastic binder integrating in its composition glass or carbon fibers. Tête militaire perforante selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le matériau énergétique (5) est un matériau à effet thermobarique.Military piercing head according to claim 1, characterized in that the energetic material (5) is a material with thermobaric effect. Tête militaire perforante selon une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que le matériau énergétique (5) comprend un explosif secondaire incorporant un agent renforçateur de souffle, tel que l'aluminium ou le perchlorate d'ammonium.Military piercing head according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the energetic material (5) comprises a secondary explosive incorporating a breath reinforcing agent, such as aluminum or ammonium perchlorate. Tête militaire perforante selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que le moyen d'amorçage (6) comprend au moins une couronne de relais de détonation (7) solidaires d'au moins un des flasques (3a,3b).Military piercing head according to claim 3, characterized in that the priming means (6) comprises at least one ring of detonation relays (7) integral with at least one of the flanges (3a, 3b). Tête militaire perforante selon une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que le matériau énergétique (5) comprend un gel dispersable combustible dans l'air.Military piercing head according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the energetic material (5) comprises a dispersible gel combustible in air. Tête militaire perforante selon la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que le matériau énergétique (5) est un gel associant un combustible tel que le nitrométhane et au moins un matériau renforçateur de souffle tel que l'aluminium.Military piercing head according to claim 5, characterized in that the energetic material (5) is a gel combining a fuel such as nitromethane and at least one breath-enhancing material such as aluminum. Tête militaire perforante selon une des revendications 5 ou 6, caractérisée en ce que le moyen d'amorçage (6) comprend au moins un anneau d'explosif d'amorçage (11) interposé entre le barreau (2) et le matériau énergétique (5), anneau (11) lui-même initié par au moins une couronne d'initiateurs (7).Military piercing head according to one of claims 5 or 6, characterized in that the initiating means (6) comprises at least one ring of initiating explosive (11) interposed between the bar (2) and the energetic material (5 ), ring (11) itself initiated by at least one ring of initiators (7). Tête militaire perforante selon une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisée en ce que le barreau (2) et les flasques (3a,3b) sont réalisés sous la forme d'une seule pièce.Military piercing head according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the bar (2) and the flanges (3a, 3b) are produced in the form of a single piece.
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