EP2372295B1 - Penetrator with stepped profile - Google Patents

Penetrator with stepped profile Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2372295B1
EP2372295B1 EP20110290133 EP11290133A EP2372295B1 EP 2372295 B1 EP2372295 B1 EP 2372295B1 EP 20110290133 EP20110290133 EP 20110290133 EP 11290133 A EP11290133 A EP 11290133A EP 2372295 B1 EP2372295 B1 EP 2372295B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
kinetic energy
penetrator
front part
length
energy penetrator
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EP20110290133
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2372295A1 (en
Inventor
Niolas Eches
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Nexter Munitions SA
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Nexter Munitions SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/04—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type
    • F42B12/06—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type with hard or heavy core; Kinetic energy penetrators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/04—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/04—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type
    • F42B12/08—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type with armour-piercing caps; with armoured cupola
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
    • F42B12/201—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type characterised by target class
    • F42B12/204—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type characterised by target class for attacking structures, e.g. specific buildings or fortifications, ships or vehicles

Definitions

  • the technical field of the invention is that of kinetic energy penetrators intended to be dispersed by a carrier such as a missile to destroy targets concreted and scraped.
  • Cruise missiles are known that are capable of destroying large concrete thicknesses (close to one meter). However, these missiles have a large mass (greater than 500 kg, or even close to 1000 kg) and very expensive to implement. They are not adapted to more modest concrete targets, having a thickness of the order of a few tens of centimeters.
  • Lighter guided munitions (mass in the range of 20 to 50 kg), such as air-to-ground or ground-to-ground missiles, should be provided with the ability to perforate concrete targets. However, it is then necessary to reduce the weight of the perforator to less than 10 kilograms, which greatly affects its effectiveness, and moreover the speed imparted by the missile to this puncher remains moderate (less than 500 meters per second).
  • the patent DE-3408113 describes an indenter whose housing comprises two explosive charges separated by a damper and initiated by two different igniters at different times. One charge ensures the destruction of one target, the other remains to constitute a mine.
  • the patent EP965028 proposes to have a tungsten alloy ballast inside a steel casing. This solution effectively increases the mass to diameter ratio of the indenter which is favorable to perforation.
  • the object of the invention is to propose an indenter for overcoming such disadvantages.
  • the indenter according to the invention has an architecture which makes it possible to optimize its perforation capacities but which nevertheless allows a large amount of explosive transport to ensure a generation of chips having a high speed and efficiency.
  • the subject of the invention is a kinetic energy indenter comprising a piercing body enclosing an explosive charge that can be initiated by a priming means, an indenter characterized in that the body comprises a single load (3) arranged in a housing. single (2a), two substantially cylindrical portions: a front portion extended by a nose and a rear portion, the rear portion having an outer diameter greater than that of the front portion and being connected thereto by a transition zone, the indenter further comprising an internal bore extending along the two parts, bore inside which is housed the explosive charge, the wall of the body having substantially the same thickness along the front, rear and transition zone.
  • the thickness of the front part of the body increases gradually and continuously at its connection with the warhead.
  • the cylindrical body is made in one piece with the ogive.
  • the front part of the body is a tubular element which is closed at its front by the ogive.
  • the body can be made of steel.
  • the body may be made of a tungsten-based material having a practical resistance at 0.2% elongation (R P0.2 ) which is greater than or equal to 1000 MPa.
  • the material of the body will be able to bring embrittlement favoring the fragmentation.
  • the indenter may have a length less than or equal to 500 mm and a diameter less than or equal to 100 mm.
  • the front portion may have a length of between 30 and 60% of the total length of the indenter.
  • the diameter of the rear portion may be between 120% and 150% of that of the front portion.
  • the transition zone advantageously has a slope of between 55% and 215%.
  • the figure 1 shows a kinetic energy indenter 1 which comprises a perforation body 2 delimiting an internal cavity 2a enclosing an explosive charge 3 that can be initiated by a priming means 4 (or rocket).
  • the rocket 4 will for example be designed to ensure the initiation of the explosive charge 3 with a certain delay after the impact on a target. It is then certain to initiate the explosive charge 3 once the target crossed.
  • the body 2 has a stepped profile and comprises two substantially cylindrical parts: a front portion 2.1 extended by a nose 5 and a rear portion 2.2.
  • the rear portion 2.2 has an outer diameter D 2.2 which is greater than that (D 2.1 ) of the front part 2.1.
  • the rear part 2.2 and the front part 2.1 are connected to each other by a transition zone 2.3 whose diameter increases progressively from the front part 2.1 to the rear part 2.2.
  • This transition zone 2.3 is here conical.
  • the bore 2a of the body 2 extends along the two parts 2.2 and 2.1.
  • the wall of the body 2 of the indenter 1 has substantially the same thickness E along the front portions 2.1, rear 2.2 and the transition zone 2.3, which contributes to the homogeneity of the sizes of chips generated.
  • This thickness E is chosen sufficiently low so that the explosive carry 3 is maximum and the effectiveness of the chips is ensured during the initiation of the load 3.
  • embrittlement promoting fragmentation can be provided on the outside of the body 2 (and this as well at the front portion 2.1 that the rear portion 2.2 and the intermediate zone 2.3) embrittlement promoting fragmentation.
  • embrittlement 6 formed by a network of lines 6a, 6b delimiting the desired chips. This embrittlement can be performed by laser, electron bombardment or machining.
  • the ogive 5 connects continuously with the cylindrical body 2. There is no discontinuity in the ogive / body outer connection profile la. Furthermore, it is also noted that the explosive material 3 comprises a front portion 3a, of length A and gradually decreasing diameter, front portion 3a which penetrates at the rear of the nose 5.
  • the thickness E of the body 2 grows gradually and continuously over the entire length A. This results in improved mechanical strength during the impact of the body 2 on a target.
  • the warhead 5 does not separate from the body 2 despite the fact that the thickness E of the latter is minimized to ensure the formation of the desired chips.
  • the solid portion of the warhead 5 extends over a length B.
  • a body 2 will be defined so that the solid length B is between 20% and 35% of the total length L of the body 2. This ensures a length LAB of the fragment generating portion to obtain a satisfactory amount of chips.
  • the diameter of the rear portion 2.2 is greater than the diameter of the front portion 2.1.
  • the indenter according to the invention has a length less than or equal to 500 mm and a maximum diameter (rear portion 2.2) which is less than or equal to 100 mm.
  • the mass of the rear portion 2.2 is increased and it communicates to the front part 2.1, inertia during impact, a force that helps the perforation of the target.
  • the dimensions of the indenter 1 will be adapted according to the material used and the expected performance. It will be possible, as the case may be, to lengthen the front part 2.1 to increase the perforating power or to lengthen the rear part to increase the generating power of fragments after crossing a target.
  • the front portion will have a length of between 30 and 60% of the total length of the indenter.
  • the outer diameter of the rear portion 2.2 will be adapted to the mass of explosive 3 that is sought to carry.
  • the diameter of the rear portion 2.2 will for example be between 120% and 150% of that of the front portion 2.1.
  • the length and slope of the transition zone 2.3 will depend on the difference in diameter between the front part 2.1 and the rear part 2.2. It will be sought to give this transition zone 2.3 a slope sufficiently reduced so that the progression of the rear portion 2.2 in the target is favored.
  • the transition zone 2.3 will thus generally have a slope of between 55% and 215% (conical zone of half-angle at the apex substantially between 30 ° and 65 °).
  • the front part 2.1 which is designed (from the point of view of diameter and warhead profile) to cross the concrete target, retains its penetration capabilities. This front portion 2.1 sufficiently degrades the concrete so that the rear portion 2.2 is not too slow when it in turn impacts the target.
  • the rear portion 2.2 comes into contact with the target only when the latter is already perforated by the front portion 2.1.
  • the material of the body 2 will be chosen according to the targets that are to be destroyed and according to the cost and integration constraints in the carrier missile.
  • the body 2 may be made entirely of steel.
  • the thickness E of the wall will be of the order of 5 to 7 mm.
  • the body 2 of a material based on tungsten (density greater than or equal to 17) and with high mechanical characteristics, ie having a practical resistance at 0.2% elongation (R P0.2 ) greater than or equal to 1000 Mega Pascals.
  • tungsten alloys are those commonly used to make arrows ammunition bars.
  • the patent FR2622209 describes an example of such a material.
  • Tungsten alloys have a density substantially double that of steel.
  • the volume of material of the body 2 itself can be halved for a comparable mass of penetrator 1, which reduces the thickness of the wall E to about 3 to 5 mm.
  • the explosive carry 3 can then be higher and a large length of body having an effective fragmentation (length LAB) can be obtained.
  • the length LAB can thus represent nearly 70% of the total length L.
  • the density of the tungsten also makes it possible to obtain splinters which, for a given mass, are twice as small as steel splinters. This results in a reduction in the aerodynamic drag of the bursts, thus increasing their speed of impact at great distances.
  • the perforation capabilities of the chips are also increased because of their higher density. Splinters are therefore much more effective, especially at a great distance.
  • the dimensions of tungsten chips being smaller, there will be more fragments on the same length of indenter.
  • the front part 2.1 and the rear part 2.2 are two distinct parts (of different diameters) connected to each other by a connecting piece (which plays the role of intermediate zone) .
  • a connecting piece which plays the role of intermediate zone.
  • the tungsten front part with high mechanical properties (practical resistance to 0.2% elongation (R P0.2 ) greater than or equal to 1000 Mega Pascals) and the rear part made of steel.
  • the explosive charge will of course be poured into the body 2 after assembly of the front and rear parts.
  • the ogive 5 in the form of a separate part attached to the front part.
  • the front part 2.1 of the body is then a tubular element which is closed at its front by the ogive 5.
  • a securing means such as a thread or radial pins (not shown).
  • the nose 5 has a rear portion 5a thinned which is positioned on a cylindrical surface 2b of the front portion 2.1 of the body.
  • This front portion 2.1 also abuts against a shoulder 5b of the nose 5, while the rear of the nose is in abutment against a counterbore 2c of the front portion 2.1.
  • These machining operations are carried out in such a way that there is no roughness or geometric discontinuities in the profile of the penetrator when the ogive 5 passes to the cylindrical front part 2.1, and this both at the level of the external profile at the level of the internal profile receiving the explosive 3.
  • the explosive material 3 comprises a front portion 3a, of length A and gradually decreasing diameter, which penetrates at the rear of the ogive 5.
  • the thickness E of the front portion 2.1 carrying the nose 5 grows gradually and continuously over the entire length A. This again results in improved mechanical strength when the penetrator 1 is impacted on a target.
  • One of the advantages of this variant is that it allows the front portion 2.1 of the body to be made of a material different from that of the nose 5.
  • a perforating ogive made of a tungsten-based material having a practical resistance at 0.2% elongation (R P0.2 ) greater than or equal to 1500 mega-pascals and an elongation greater than 8% may be associated.
  • the material of the ogive 5 is then a material used in the kinetic perforators (ammunition arrow for tank gun). Such a material is described for example by the patent EP313484 . Such mechanical characteristics are obtained generally by the implementation, after the sintering steps, of a wrought (or hardening).
  • the patent EP313484 describes in detail such a manufacturing method.
  • the material of the front part 2.1 is a sintered and uncorrealed tungsten alloy.
  • the patent EP349446 describes in its preamble a process for obtaining such a material.
  • This variant makes it possible to optimize the material of the front part 2.1 of the body for the formation of fragments while the material of the ogive 5 is optimized for perforation. This reinforces the chip generation capacity of the penetrator while maintaining good perforation performance.
  • front parts 2.1 and rear 2.2 in the same material promoting the generation of chips and the ogive 5 perforating material.

Description

Le domaine technique de l'invention est celui des pénétrateurs à énergie cinétique destinés à être dispersés par un porteur tel un missile pour détruire des cibles bétonnées et ferraillées.The technical field of the invention is that of kinetic energy penetrators intended to be dispersed by a carrier such as a missile to destroy targets concreted and scraped.

On connaît des missiles de croisière qui sont capables de détruire des épaisseurs de béton importantes (voisine du mètre). Cependant ces missiles sont de masse importante (supérieure à 500 kg, voire voisine de 1000 kg) et très coûteux à mettre en oeuvre. Ils ne sont pas adaptés à des cibles bétonnées plus modestes, ayant une épaisseur de l'ordre de quelques dizaines de centimètres.Cruise missiles are known that are capable of destroying large concrete thicknesses (close to one meter). However, these missiles have a large mass (greater than 500 kg, or even close to 1000 kg) and very expensive to implement. They are not adapted to more modest concrete targets, having a thickness of the order of a few tens of centimeters.

Il est nécessaire pour de telles cibles d'utiliser les tirs d'artillerie qui le plus souvent nécessitent le tir de plusieurs obus et n'ont pas la précision souhaitée pour des "frappes chirurgicales" dans un contexte urbain.It is necessary for such targets to use artillery fire that most often require firing multiple shells and lack the desired accuracy for "surgical strikes" in an urban context.

Il serait souhaitable de doter des munitions guidées plus légères (masse de l'ordre de 20 à 50 kg), telles que les missiles air/sol ou sol/sol, de la capacité de perforer les cibles bétonnées. Cependant il est alors nécessaire de réduire la masse du perforateur à moins de 10 kilogrammes, ce qui nuit fortement à son efficacité, et par ailleurs la vitesse communiquée par le missile à ce perforateur reste modérée (inférieure à 500 mètres par seconde).Lighter guided munitions (mass in the range of 20 to 50 kg), such as air-to-ground or ground-to-ground missiles, should be provided with the ability to perforate concrete targets. However, it is then necessary to reduce the weight of the perforator to less than 10 kilograms, which greatly affects its effectiveness, and moreover the speed imparted by the missile to this puncher remains moderate (less than 500 meters per second).

En outre, il est nécessaire le plus souvent de réaliser des munitions ayant un certain rayon létal, c'est à dire engendrant des éclats lors de l'initiation de l'explosif. Ceci impose de pouvoir mettre en place dans le perforateur une masse d'explosif suffisamment importante pour communiquer une vitesse efficace aux éclats (ce qui réduit encore la masse dévolue au corps perforant, donc son efficacité).In addition, it is most often necessary to produce ammunition having a certain lethal radius, that is to say generating splinters during the initiation of the explosive. This requires being able to set up in the perforator a mass of explosive large enough to communicate an effective speed to the chips (which further reduces the weight devolving to the piercing body, so its effectiveness).

Différents concepts ont été proposés pour permettre de réaliser un tel pénétrateur.Various concepts have been proposed to enable such an indenter to be realized.

Le brevet DE-3408113 décrit un pénétrateur dont le logement comporte deux charges explosives séparées par un amortisseur et initiées par deux allumeurs différents à des instants différents. Une charge assure la destruction d'une cible, l'autre demeure pour constituer une mine.The patent DE-3408113 describes an indenter whose housing comprises two explosive charges separated by a damper and initiated by two different igniters at different times. One charge ensures the destruction of one target, the other remains to constitute a mine.

Le brevet EP965028 propose ainsi de disposer un lest en alliage de tungstène à l'intérieur d'une enveloppe en acier. Cette solution permet effectivement d'accroître le rapport masse sur diamètre du pénétrateur ce qui est favorable à la perforation.The patent EP965028 proposes to have a tungsten alloy ballast inside a steel casing. This solution effectively increases the mass to diameter ratio of the indenter which is favorable to perforation.

Cependant les caractéristiques mécaniques de l'alliage de tungstène qui est mis en oeuvre ne sont pas adaptées à la pénétration ce qui limite l'efficacité perforante de ce pénétrateur.However, the mechanical characteristics of the tungsten alloy which is used are not suitable for penetration which limits the perforating efficiency of this penetrator.

Par ailleurs la diminution du diamètre du pénétrateur va conduire à une diminution de l'efficacité de ce dernier en matière de projection d'éclats.Moreover, the decrease in the diameter of the indenter will lead to a decrease in the effectiveness of the latter in terms of splinters projection.

On connaît par le brevet EP84007 une bombe de pénétration à corps étagé et de forte masse. Cependant cette géométrie de bombe n'a pas pour but de générer des éclats après perforation mais uniquement d'accroître la profondeur de perforation. La masse d'explosif en partie avant est donc réduite et l'épaisseur de paroi de la partie avant est importante.We know by the patent EP84007 a penetrating bomb with a stepped body and a strong mass. However, this bomb geometry is not intended to generate splinters after perforation but only to increase the depth of perforation. The explosive mass at the front is therefore reduced and the wall thickness of the front part is important.

L'invention a pour objet de proposer un pénétrateur permettant de pallier de tels inconvénients.The object of the invention is to propose an indenter for overcoming such disadvantages.

Ainsi le pénétrateur selon l'invention a une architecture qui permet d'optimiser ses capacités de perforation mais qui autorise cependant un emport d'explosif important permettant d'assurer une génération d'éclats ayant une vitesse et une efficacité importante.Thus, the indenter according to the invention has an architecture which makes it possible to optimize its perforation capacities but which nevertheless allows a large amount of explosive transport to ensure a generation of chips having a high speed and efficiency.

Ainsi, l'invention a pour objet un pénétrateur à énergie cinétique comportant un corps de perforation renfermant un chargement explosif pouvant être initié par un moyen d'amorçage, pénétrateur caractérisé en ce que le corps comporte un seul chargement (3) disposé dans un logement unique (2a), deux parties sensiblement cylindriques: une partie avant prolongée par une ogive et une partie arrière, la partie arrière ayant un diamètre externe supérieur à celui de la partie avant et étant raccordée à cette dernière par une zone de transition, le pénétrateur comportant par ailleurs un alésage interne s'étendant le long des deux parties, alésage à l'intérieur duquel est logé le chargement explosif, la paroi du corps ayant sensiblement la même épaisseur le long des parties avant, arrière et de la zone de transition.Thus, the subject of the invention is a kinetic energy indenter comprising a piercing body enclosing an explosive charge that can be initiated by a priming means, an indenter characterized in that the body comprises a single load (3) arranged in a housing. single (2a), two substantially cylindrical portions: a front portion extended by a nose and a rear portion, the rear portion having an outer diameter greater than that of the front portion and being connected thereto by a transition zone, the indenter further comprising an internal bore extending along the two parts, bore inside which is housed the explosive charge, the wall of the body having substantially the same thickness along the front, rear and transition zone.

Selon une caractéristique, l'épaisseur de la partie avant du corps croît progressivement et de façon continue au niveau de son raccordement avec l'ogive.According to one characteristic, the thickness of the front part of the body increases gradually and continuously at its connection with the warhead.

Selon un mode particulier de réalisation, le corps cylindrique est réalisé d'une seule pièce avec l'ogive.According to a particular embodiment, the cylindrical body is made in one piece with the ogive.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation, la partie avant du corps est un élément tubulaire qui est obturé à sa partie avant par l'ogive.According to another embodiment, the front part of the body is a tubular element which is closed at its front by the ogive.

Le corps pourra être réalisé en acier.The body can be made of steel.

Le corps pourra être réalisé en un matériau à base de tungstène ayant une résistance pratique à 0,2% d'allongement (RP0,2) qui est supérieure ou égale à 1000 MPa.The body may be made of a tungsten-based material having a practical resistance at 0.2% elongation (R P0.2 ) which is greater than or equal to 1000 MPa.

Le matériau du corps pourra porter une fragilisation favorisant la fragmentation.The material of the body will be able to bring embrittlement favoring the fragmentation.

Le pénétrateur pourra avoir une longueur inférieure ou égale à 500 mm et un diamètre inférieur ou égal à 100mm.The indenter may have a length less than or equal to 500 mm and a diameter less than or equal to 100 mm.

La partie avant pourra avoir une longueur comprise entre 30 et 60% de la longueur totale du pénétrateur.The front portion may have a length of between 30 and 60% of the total length of the indenter.

Le diamètre de la partie arrière pourra être compris entre 120% et 150% de celui de la partie avant.The diameter of the rear portion may be between 120% and 150% of that of the front portion.

La zone de transition aura avantageusement une pente comprise entre 55% et 215%.The transition zone advantageously has a slope of between 55% and 215%.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, description faite en référence aux dessins annexés et dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 montre en demi-vue, demi-coupe longitudinale un pénétrateur selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 2 est une vue partielle en demi-vue demi-coupe de la partie avant d'un pénétrateur selon une variante de réalisation.
The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, description made with reference to the accompanying drawings and in which:
  • the figure 1 shows in half-view, longitudinal half-section an indenter according to an embodiment of the invention,
  • the figure 2 is a partial view half-view half-section of the front portion of an indenter according to an alternative embodiment.

La figure 1 montre un pénétrateur 1 à énergie cinétique qui comporte un corps de perforation 2 délimitant une cavité interne 2a renfermant un chargement explosif 3 pouvant être initié par un moyen d'amorçage 4 (ou fusée). La fusée 4 sera par exemple conçue de façon à n'assurer l'initiation du chargement explosif 3 qu'avec un certain retard après l'impact sur une cible. On est alors certain de n'initier le chargement explosif 3 qu'une fois la cible traversée.The figure 1 shows a kinetic energy indenter 1 which comprises a perforation body 2 delimiting an internal cavity 2a enclosing an explosive charge 3 that can be initiated by a priming means 4 (or rocket). The rocket 4 will for example be designed to ensure the initiation of the explosive charge 3 with a certain delay after the impact on a target. It is then certain to initiate the explosive charge 3 once the target crossed.

Le corps 2 a un profil étagé et comporte deux parties sensiblement cylindriques: une partie avant 2.1 prolongée par une ogive 5 et une partie arrière 2.2.The body 2 has a stepped profile and comprises two substantially cylindrical parts: a front portion 2.1 extended by a nose 5 and a rear portion 2.2.

On remarque sur la figure 1 que la partie arrière 2.2 a un diamètre externe D2.2 qui est supérieur à celui (D2.1) de la partie avant 2.1.We notice on the figure 1 that the rear portion 2.2 has an outer diameter D 2.2 which is greater than that (D 2.1 ) of the front part 2.1.

La partie arrière 2.2 et la partie avant 2.1 sont raccordées l'une à l'autre par une zone de transition 2.3 dont le diamètre croît progressivement de la partie avant 2.1 à la partie arrière 2.2. Cette zone de transition 2.3 est ici conique.The rear part 2.2 and the front part 2.1 are connected to each other by a transition zone 2.3 whose diameter increases progressively from the front part 2.1 to the rear part 2.2. This transition zone 2.3 is here conical.

On voit sur la figure 1 que l'alésage 2a du corps 2 s'étend le long des deux parties 2.2 et 2.1. La paroi du corps 2 du pénétrateur 1 a sensiblement la même épaisseur E le long des parties avant 2.1, arrière 2.2 et de la zone de transition 2.3, ce qui contribue à l'homogénéité des tailles des éclats engendrés.We see on the figure 1 that the bore 2a of the body 2 extends along the two parts 2.2 and 2.1. The wall of the body 2 of the indenter 1 has substantially the same thickness E along the front portions 2.1, rear 2.2 and the transition zone 2.3, which contributes to the homogeneity of the sizes of chips generated.

Cette épaisseur E est choisie suffisamment faible pour que l'emport d'explosif 3 soit maximal et que l'efficacité des éclats soit assurée lors de l'initiation du chargement 3.This thickness E is chosen sufficiently low so that the explosive carry 3 is maximum and the effectiveness of the chips is ensured during the initiation of the load 3.

Pour contrôler la taille des éclats engendrés on pourra prévoir sur l'extérieur du corps 2 (et ce aussi bien au niveau de la partie avant 2.1 que de la partie arrière 2.2 et de la zone intermédiaire 2.3) une fragilisation favorisant la fragmentation. A titre d'exemple on a représenté sur la demi-vue inférieure de la figure 1 une fragilisation 6 formée par un réseau de lignes 6a,6b délimitant les éclats souhaités. Cette fragilisation pourra être réalisée par laser, par bombardement électronique ou par usinage.To control the size of the chips generated can be provided on the outside of the body 2 (and this as well at the front portion 2.1 that the rear portion 2.2 and the intermediate zone 2.3) embrittlement promoting fragmentation. By way of example, it is shown on the lower half-view of the figure 1 an embrittlement 6 formed by a network of lines 6a, 6b delimiting the desired chips. This embrittlement can be performed by laser, electron bombardment or machining.

On voit sur la figure 1 que l'ogive 5 se raccorde de façon continue avec le corps cylindrique 2. Il n'y a pas de discontinuité au niveau du profil la de raccordement externe ogive/corps. Par ailleurs, on remarque également que le matériau explosif 3 comporte une partie avant 3a, de longueur A et de diamètre progressivement décroissant, partie avant 3a qui pénètre au niveau de l'arrière de l'ogive 5.We see on the figure 1 that the ogive 5 connects continuously with the cylindrical body 2. There is no discontinuity in the ogive / body outer connection profile la. Furthermore, it is also noted that the explosive material 3 comprises a front portion 3a, of length A and gradually decreasing diameter, front portion 3a which penetrates at the rear of the nose 5.

Ainsi l'épaisseur E du corps 2 croît progressivement et de façon continue sur toute la longueur A. Il en résulte une résistance mécanique améliorée lors de l'impact du corps 2 sur une cible. L'ogive 5 ne se sépare pas du corps 2 malgré le fait que l'épaisseur E de ce dernier est minimisée pour assurer la formation des éclats souhaités.Thus the thickness E of the body 2 grows gradually and continuously over the entire length A. This results in improved mechanical strength during the impact of the body 2 on a target. The warhead 5 does not separate from the body 2 despite the fact that the thickness E of the latter is minimized to ensure the formation of the desired chips.

La partie massive de l'ogive 5 s'étend sur une longueur B. On définira un corps 2 de telle sorte que la longueur massive B soit comprise entre 20% et 35 % de la longueur totale L du corps 2. Ceci assure une longueur L-A-B de la partie génératrice d'éclats permettant d'obtenir une quantité d'éclats satisfaisante.The solid portion of the warhead 5 extends over a length B. A body 2 will be defined so that the solid length B is between 20% and 35% of the total length L of the body 2. This ensures a length LAB of the fragment generating portion to obtain a satisfactory amount of chips.

Par ailleurs et selon une caractéristique essentielle de l'invention, le diamètre de la partie arrière 2.2 est supérieur au diamètre de la partie avant 2.1.Furthermore and according to an essential characteristic of the invention, the diameter of the rear portion 2.2 is greater than the diameter of the front portion 2.1.

Une telle disposition permet d'augmenter la masse d'explosif qui est emportée sans pour autant accroître la longueur du pénétrateur 1. De plus, la partie avant 2.1 restant de diamètre réduit, ses performances de perforation ne sont pas diminuées.Such an arrangement makes it possible to increase the mass of explosive that is removed without increasing the length of the indenter 1. In addition, the remaining front portion 2.1 of reduced diameter, its perforation performance is not decreased.

L'architecture selon l'invention permet ainsi d'obtenir un pénétrateur de longueur réduite mais assurant un bon compromis entre :

  • une bonne capacité de perforation (assurée par la partie avant 2.1 de diamètre réduit et comportant une pointe ou ogive 5 renforcée et effilée), et
  • une bonne capacité de génération d'éclats (grâce à la partie arrière 2.2, de diamètre augmenté et qui emporte donc une masse d'explosif supérieure).
The architecture according to the invention thus makes it possible to obtain a penetrator of reduced length but ensuring a good compromise between:
  • a good perforation capacity (provided by the front part 2.1 of reduced diameter and having a tip or pointed and reinforced 5 taper), and
  • a good ability to generate chips (thanks to the rear part 2.2, increased diameter and thus carries a higher explosive mass).

Le pénétrateur selon l'invention a une longueur inférieure ou égale à 500 mm et un diamètre maximal (partie arrière 2.2) qui est inférieur ou égal à 100mm.The indenter according to the invention has a length less than or equal to 500 mm and a maximum diameter (rear portion 2.2) which is less than or equal to 100 mm.

De plus la masse de la partie arrière 2.2 est accrue et elle communique à la partie avant 2.1, par inertie lors de l'impact, un effort qui aide à la perforation de la cible.In addition the mass of the rear portion 2.2 is increased and it communicates to the front part 2.1, inertia during impact, a force that helps the perforation of the target.

Les dimensions du pénétrateur 1 seront adaptées en fonction du matériau mis en oeuvre et des performances attendues. On pourra selon le cas allonger la partie avant 2.1 pour augmenter le pouvoir perforant ou bien allonger la partie arrière pour augmenter le pouvoir générateur d'éclats après la traversée d'une cible.The dimensions of the indenter 1 will be adapted according to the material used and the expected performance. It will be possible, as the case may be, to lengthen the front part 2.1 to increase the perforating power or to lengthen the rear part to increase the generating power of fragments after crossing a target.

Généralement la partie avant aura une longueur comprise entre 30 et 60% de la longueur totale du pénétrateur.Generally the front portion will have a length of between 30 and 60% of the total length of the indenter.

On choisira de préférence une longueur de la partie avant 2.1 sensiblement égale à l'épaisseur de la cible que l'on cherche à traverser.We will preferably choose a length of the front portion 2.1 substantially equal to the thickness of the target that is to be crossed.

De même le diamètre externe de la partie arrière 2.2 sera adapté en fonction de la masse d'explosif 3 que l'on cherche à emporter. Le diamètre de la partie arrière 2.2 sera par exemple compris entre 120% et 150% de celui de la partie avant 2.1.Similarly, the outer diameter of the rear portion 2.2 will be adapted to the mass of explosive 3 that is sought to carry. The diameter of the rear portion 2.2 will for example be between 120% and 150% of that of the front portion 2.1.

La longueur et la pente de la zone de transition 2.3 dépendront de la différence de diamètre entre partie avant 2.1 et partie arrière 2.2. On cherchera à donner à cette zone de transition 2.3 une pente suffisamment réduite pour que la progression de la partie arrière 2.2 dans la cible soit favorisée. La zone de transition 2.3 aura ainsi généralement une pente comprise entre 55% et 215% (zone conique de demi angle au sommet sensiblement compris entre 30° et 65°).The length and slope of the transition zone 2.3 will depend on the difference in diameter between the front part 2.1 and the rear part 2.2. It will be sought to give this transition zone 2.3 a slope sufficiently reduced so that the progression of the rear portion 2.2 in the target is favored. The transition zone 2.3 will thus generally have a slope of between 55% and 215% (conical zone of half-angle at the apex substantially between 30 ° and 65 °).

Lors de l'impact sur une cible, la partie avant 2.1 qui est conçue (du point de vue diamètre et profil d'ogive) pour traverser la cible en béton, conserve ses capacités de pénétration. Cette partie avant 2.1 dégrade suffisamment le béton pour que la partie arrière 2.2 ne soit pas trop freinée lorsqu'elle impacte à son tour la cible.When impacting a target, the front part 2.1 which is designed (from the point of view of diameter and warhead profile) to cross the concrete target, retains its penetration capabilities. This front portion 2.1 sufficiently degrades the concrete so that the rear portion 2.2 is not too slow when it in turn impacts the target.

Lorsque la partie avant 2.1 a une longueur égale à l'épaisseur de cible, la partie arrière 2.2 n'arrive au contact avec la cible que lorsque cette dernière est déjà perforée par la partie avant 2.1.When the front portion 2.1 has a length equal to the target thickness, the rear portion 2.2 comes into contact with the target only when the latter is already perforated by the front portion 2.1.

On choisira le matériau du corps 2 en fonction des cibles que l'on cherche à détruire et en fonction des contraintes de coût et d'intégration dans le missile porteur.The material of the body 2 will be chosen according to the targets that are to be destroyed and according to the cost and integration constraints in the carrier missile.

Le corps 2 pourra être réalisé entièrement en acier. Dans ce cas l'épaisseur E de la paroi sera de l'ordre de 5 à 7 mm.The body 2 may be made entirely of steel. In this case the thickness E of the wall will be of the order of 5 to 7 mm.

Cependant on préférera réaliser le corps 2 en un matériau à base de tungstène (densité supérieure ou égale à 17) et à hautes caractéristiques mécaniques, c'est à dire ayant une résistance pratique à 0,2% d'allongement (RP0,2) supérieure ou égale à 1000 Méga Pascals.However, it will be preferred to make the body 2 of a material based on tungsten (density greater than or equal to 17) and with high mechanical characteristics, ie having a practical resistance at 0.2% elongation (R P0.2 ) greater than or equal to 1000 Mega Pascals.

Ces alliages de tungstène sont ceux couramment utilisés pour réaliser les barreaux de munitions flèches. Le brevet FR2622209 décrit un exemple d'un tel matériau.These tungsten alloys are those commonly used to make arrows ammunition bars. The patent FR2622209 describes an example of such a material.

Les alliages de tungstène ont une densité sensiblement double de celle de l'acier. Le volume de matériau du corps 2 lui-même peut donc être divisé par deux pour une masse de pénétrateur 1 comparable, ce qui permet de réduire l'épaisseur de la paroi E à environ 3 à 5 mm. L'emport d'explosif 3 peut alors être supérieur et on peut obtenir une grande longueur de corps ayant une fragmentation efficace (longueur L-A-B). La longueur L-A-B peut ainsi représenter près de 70% de la longueur totale L.Tungsten alloys have a density substantially double that of steel. The volume of material of the body 2 itself can be halved for a comparable mass of penetrator 1, which reduces the thickness of the wall E to about 3 to 5 mm. The explosive carry 3 can then be higher and a large length of body having an effective fragmentation (length LAB) can be obtained. The length LAB can thus represent nearly 70% of the total length L.

La densité du tungstène permet par ailleurs d'obtenir des éclats qui, pour une masse donnée, sont deux fois plus petits que les éclats d'acier. Il en résulte une diminution de la traînée aérodynamique des éclats donc une augmentation de leur vitesse d'impact à grande distance. Les capacités de perforation des éclats sont par ailleurs augmentées en raison de leur densité supérieure. Les éclats sont donc beaucoup plus efficaces, surtout à grande distance. Enfin, à masse d'éclat égale, les dimensions des éclats en tungstène étant plus petites, on aura plus de fragments sur une même longueur de pénétrateur.The density of the tungsten also makes it possible to obtain splinters which, for a given mass, are twice as small as steel splinters. This results in a reduction in the aerodynamic drag of the bursts, thus increasing their speed of impact at great distances. The perforation capabilities of the chips are also increased because of their higher density. Splinters are therefore much more effective, especially at a great distance. Finally, with an equal mass of brightness, the dimensions of tungsten chips being smaller, there will be more fragments on the same length of indenter.

Grâce à l'invention il est ainsi possible de réaliser un pénétrateur ayant un diamètre inférieur à 90mm et de longueur inférieure à 500mm.Thanks to the invention it is thus possible to produce an indenter having a diameter of less than 90 mm and a length of less than 500 mm.

Diverses variantes sont possibles sans sortir du cadre de l'invention.Various variants are possible without departing from the scope of the invention.

Il est ainsi possible de définir un pénétrateur dans lequel la partie avant 2.1 et la partie arrière 2.2 sont deux pièces distinctes (de diamètres différents) liées l'une à l'autre par une pièce de liaison (qui joue le rôle de zone intermédiaire). Dans ce cas on pourra réaliser la partie avant en tungstène à hautes caractéristiques mécaniques (résistance pratique à 0,2% d'allongement (RP0,2) supérieure ou égale à 1000 Méga Pascals) et la partie arrière en acier. Le chargement explosif sera bien entendu coulé dans le corps 2 après assemblage des parties avant et arrière.It is thus possible to define an indenter in which the front part 2.1 and the rear part 2.2 are two distinct parts (of different diameters) connected to each other by a connecting piece (which plays the role of intermediate zone) . In this case we can achieve the tungsten front part with high mechanical properties (practical resistance to 0.2% elongation (R P0.2 ) greater than or equal to 1000 Mega Pascals) and the rear part made of steel. The explosive charge will of course be poured into the body 2 after assembly of the front and rear parts.

A titre de variante, il est également possible de réaliser l'ogive 5 sous la forme d'une pièce distincte rapportée sur la partie avant.Alternatively, it is also possible to realize the ogive 5 in the form of a separate part attached to the front part.

A titre d'exemple on a ainsi représenté sur la figure 2 une vue partielle de la partie avant 2.1 d'un tel mode de réalisation.By way of example, it has thus been shown on the figure 2 a partial view of the front portion 2.1 of such an embodiment.

La partie avant 2.1 du corps est alors un élément tubulaire qui est obturé à sa partie avant par l'ogive 5.The front part 2.1 of the body is then a tubular element which is closed at its front by the ogive 5.

Il y a donc ici deux pièces distinctes qui sont liées l'une à l'autre par un moyen de solidarisation tel qu'un filetage ou des goupilles radiales (non représentées).There are therefore two separate parts here which are connected to one another by a securing means such as a thread or radial pins (not shown).

L'ogive 5 comporte une partie arrière 5a amincie qui se positionne sur une portée cylindrique 2b de la partie avant 2.1 du corps. Cette partie avant 2.1 vient également en butée contre un épaulement 5b de l'ogive 5, tandis que l'arrière de l'ogive est en butée contre un lamage 2c de la partie avant 2.1. Ces usinages sont réalisés de telle sorte qu'il n'y a pas d'aspérité ni de discontinuités géométriques du profil du pénétrateur lors du passage de l'ogive 5 à la partie avant 2.1 cylindrique, et ce aussi bien au niveau du profil externe qu'au niveau du profil interne recevant l'explosif 3.The nose 5 has a rear portion 5a thinned which is positioned on a cylindrical surface 2b of the front portion 2.1 of the body. This front portion 2.1 also abuts against a shoulder 5b of the nose 5, while the rear of the nose is in abutment against a counterbore 2c of the front portion 2.1. These machining operations are carried out in such a way that there is no roughness or geometric discontinuities in the profile of the penetrator when the ogive 5 passes to the cylindrical front part 2.1, and this both at the level of the external profile at the level of the internal profile receiving the explosive 3.

On remarque également que, comme dans le mode de réalisation précédent, le matériau explosif 3 comporte une partie avant 3a, de longueur A et de diamètre progressivement décroissant, qui pénètre au niveau de l'arrière de l'ogive 5.Note also that, as in the previous embodiment, the explosive material 3 comprises a front portion 3a, of length A and gradually decreasing diameter, which penetrates at the rear of the ogive 5.

Ainsi l'épaisseur E de la partie avant 2.1 portant l'ogive 5 croît progressivement et de façon continue sur toute la longueur A. Il en résulte là encore une résistance mécanique améliorée lors de l'impact du pénétrateur 1 sur une cible.Thus the thickness E of the front portion 2.1 carrying the nose 5 grows gradually and continuously over the entire length A. This again results in improved mechanical strength when the penetrator 1 is impacted on a target.

Un des avantages de cette variante est qu'elle permet de réaliser la partie avant 2.1 du corps en un matériau différent de celui de l'ogive 5.One of the advantages of this variant is that it allows the front portion 2.1 of the body to be made of a material different from that of the nose 5.

On pourra par exemple associer une ogive 5 perforante réalisée en un matériau à base de tungstène ayant une Résistance pratique à 0,2% d'allongement (RP0,2) supérieure ou égale à 1500 Méga-pascals et un allongement supérieur à 8% et une partie avant 2.1 réalisée en un matériau à base de tungstène ayant une Résistance pratique à 0,2% (RP0,2) comprise entre 700 et 900 Méga-pascals et un allongement supérieur à 20%.For example, a perforating ogive made of a tungsten-based material having a practical resistance at 0.2% elongation (R P0.2 ) greater than or equal to 1500 mega-pascals and an elongation greater than 8% may be associated. and a front portion 2.1 made of a tungsten-based material having a practical resistance at 0.2% (R P0.2 ) of between 700 and 900 mega-pascals and an elongation of greater than 20%.

Le matériau de l'ogive 5 est alors un matériau mis en oeuvre dans les perforants cinétiques (munition flèche pour canon de char). Un tel matériau est décrit par exemple par le brevet EP313484 . De telles caractéristiques mécaniques sont obtenues généralement par la mise en oeuvre, après les étapes de frittage, d'un corroyage (ou écrouissage). Le brevet EP313484 décrit en détail un tel procédé de fabrication.The material of the ogive 5 is then a material used in the kinetic perforators (ammunition arrow for tank gun). Such a material is described for example by the patent EP313484 . Such mechanical characteristics are obtained generally by the implementation, after the sintering steps, of a wrought (or hardening). The patent EP313484 describes in detail such a manufacturing method.

Le matériau de la partie avant 2.1 est un alliage de tungstène fritté et non corroyé. Le brevet EP349446 décrit dans son préambule un procédé d'obtention d'un tel matériau.The material of the front part 2.1 is a sintered and uncorrealed tungsten alloy. The patent EP349446 describes in its preamble a process for obtaining such a material.

Cette variante permet d'optimiser le matériau de la partie avant 2.1 du corps pour la formation d'éclats tandis que le matériau de l'ogive 5 est optimisé pour la perforation. On renforce ainsi la capacité de génération d'éclats du pénétrateur tout en conservant de bonnes performances de perforation.This variant makes it possible to optimize the material of the front part 2.1 of the body for the formation of fragments while the material of the ogive 5 is optimized for perforation. This reinforces the chip generation capacity of the penetrator while maintaining good perforation performance.

On pourra également réaliser les parties avant 2.1 et arrière 2.2 en un même matériau favorisant la génération d'éclats et l'ogive 5 en matériau de perforation.It will also be possible to make the front parts 2.1 and rear 2.2 in the same material promoting the generation of chips and the ogive 5 perforating material.

On pourra aussi pour réaliser un pénétrateur bon marché (mais moins performant) réaliser les parties avant 2.1 et arrière 2.2 en acier en réservant le tungstène pour l'ogive 5 seule.It will also be possible to achieve a cheap penetrator (but less efficient) make the front parts 2.1 and back 2.2 steel by reserving the tungsten for the warhead 5 only.

Claims (10)

  1. A kinetic energy penetrator (1) incorporating a penetrating body (2) enclosing an explosive load (3) able to be ignited by priming means (4), penetrator characterized in that the body (2) incorporates a single load (3) arranged in a single housing (2a), two substantially cylindrical parts (2.1, 2.2): a front part (2.1) prolonged by a nose cone (5) and a rear part (2.2), the rear part (2.2) having an external diameter greater than that of the front part (2.1) and being linked to the latter by a transition zone (2.3), the penetrator further incorporating an internal bore (2a) extending along the two parts (2.1, 2.2), bore inside which the explosive load (3) is housed, the wall of the body (2) being substantially of the same thickness (E) along the front (2.1), rear (2.2) parts and transition zone (2.3).
  2. A kinetic energy penetrator according to Claim 1, characterized in that the thickness (E) of the front part (2.1) of the body increases gradually and constantly at its link with the nose cone (5).
  3. A kinetic energy penetrator according to Claim 2, characterized in that the cylindrical body (2) is made in a single piece with the nose cone (5).
  4. A kinetic energy penetrator according to one of Claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the front part (2.1) of the body is a tubular element blocked at its front part by the nose cone (5).
  5. A kinetic energy penetrator according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the body (2) is made of steel.
  6. A kinetic energy penetrator according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the body (2) is made of a tungsten-based material with a practical strength at 0.2% elongation (Rp0.2) that is greater than or equal to 1000 MPa.
  7. A kinetic energy penetrator according to one of Claims 1 to 6, wherein the material constituting the body (2) has an embrittlement (6) to assist fragmentation.
  8. A kinetic energy penetrator according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the penetrator (1) is of a length less than or equal to 500 mm and has a diameter of less than or equal to 100 mm.
  9. A kinetic energy penetrator according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the front part (2.1) is of a length of between 30 and 60% of the full length of the penetrator.
  10. A kinetic energy penetrator according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the transition zone (2.3) has a taper of between 55% and 215%.
EP20110290133 2010-03-30 2011-03-16 Penetrator with stepped profile Active EP2372295B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1001302A FR2958392A1 (en) 2010-03-30 2010-03-30 PENETRATEUR WITH KINETIC ENERGY WITH STAGE PROFILE.

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EP2372295B1 true EP2372295B1 (en) 2013-10-30

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EP3742106A1 (en) 2019-05-20 2020-11-25 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH Penetrator, use of a penetrator and projectile
DE102020116589A1 (en) 2020-06-24 2021-12-30 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Penetrator, use of a penetrator and bullet
DE102020120747A1 (en) 2020-08-06 2022-02-10 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Penetrator, use of a penetrator and projectile

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CN113607010B (en) * 2021-08-03 2022-06-07 中山大学 High-speed penetration test device and method for deep sea environment

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FR2519753B1 (en) * 1982-01-08 1986-02-21 Matra STAGE BODY PENETRATION BOMB
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3742106A1 (en) 2019-05-20 2020-11-25 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH Penetrator, use of a penetrator and projectile
DE102020116589A1 (en) 2020-06-24 2021-12-30 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Penetrator, use of a penetrator and bullet
WO2021259651A2 (en) 2020-06-24 2021-12-30 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Penetrator, use of a penetrator, and projectile
DE102020120747A1 (en) 2020-08-06 2022-02-10 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Penetrator, use of a penetrator and projectile
WO2022028795A1 (en) 2020-08-06 2022-02-10 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Penetrator, use of a penetrator, and projectile

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ES2441588T3 (en) 2014-02-05
FR2958392A1 (en) 2011-10-07

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