EP2244050B1 - Priming device for explosive charge - Google Patents

Priming device for explosive charge Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2244050B1
EP2244050B1 EP20100290214 EP10290214A EP2244050B1 EP 2244050 B1 EP2244050 B1 EP 2244050B1 EP 20100290214 EP20100290214 EP 20100290214 EP 10290214 A EP10290214 A EP 10290214A EP 2244050 B1 EP2244050 B1 EP 2244050B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
relay
priming
initiation
wall
explosive
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EP20100290214
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2244050A1 (en
Inventor
Rémi Boulanger
Frédéric Nozeres
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Nexter Munitions SA
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Nexter Munitions SA
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Publication of EP2244050A1 publication Critical patent/EP2244050A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
    • F42B3/22—Elements for controlling or guiding the detonation wave, e.g. tubes

Definitions

  • the technical field of the invention is that of priming devices for explosive charging and in particular for an explosive charge with reduced sensitivity.
  • a priming relay which is arranged in contact or remote loading.
  • this relay priming not at one end of the explosive charge, but at very heart of the load.
  • the explosive charge is then provided with a blind cylindrical bore which is arranged axially.
  • the relay is introduced into this bore and is applied against the bottom of the bore.
  • FIG. 1 shows the establishment of such a relay 1 known within an explosive charge 2.
  • the explosive charge 2 is contained in a casing 4 of a munition 3.
  • a cylindrical bore 5 is arranged axially in the load 2. This bore is one-eyed, ie it does not cross all the explosive charge but is interrupted by a bottom 6.
  • the relay 1 comprises a cylindrical case 7 inside which is placed an explosive relay detonation 8, for example hexogen or Octogen or an explosive reduced vulnerability, for example associating hexogen or octogen and ONTA (Oxynitrotriazole) or TATB (1,3,5 triamino 2,4,6 trinitrobenzene).
  • an explosive relay detonation 8 for example hexogen or Octogen or an explosive reduced vulnerability, for example associating hexogen or octogen and ONTA (Oxynitrotriazole) or TATB (1,3,5 triamino 2,4,6 trinitrobenzene).
  • This composition 8 is itself initiated by an initiation means 9, for example a detonator, which is connected to a control means (not shown) by a wire connection 10. It can be seen in the figure that the case 7 is closed at a front end 8a of the composition 8 by a flat front wall 11 which is spaced from the bottom 6 of the bore 5.
  • the relay 1 When firing the detonator 9, the relay 1 is initiated. It will cause the projection of the front wall 11 against the bottom 6 of the bore 5. The resulting impact on the explosive charge 2 will cause the initiation of it.
  • the detonation waves will propagate in the explosive charge 2, not only in the preferred priming direction D (thus to the downstream end (AV) of the load 2) but also to the upstream end (AM) of the load.
  • the energy that is developed causes the detonation of the explosive charge 2 gradually following the upstream and downstream directions bypassing the case 7.
  • the relay 1 then practically a one-off priming of the load 2 from 1 inside of the latter. This results in a regular distribution in the space of the fragments of the envelope 4, distribution having a cylindrical symmetry having the same axis 12 as the ammunition 3.
  • Such a device works perfectly for conventional explosive loads. However it is not the same when one implements explosives with reduced sensitivity.
  • These explosives are formed by a mixture of materials which incorporates at least one reduced-vulnerability solid explosive material such as Oxinitrotriazole (or ONTA), triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB) or Nitroguanidine (NGu).
  • the explosives with reduced vulnerability have a sensitivity to the impact and to the temperature rise which are reduced which makes it possible to secure their implementation and their use in a munition. This results in a critical critical diameter (of the order of five to ten times greater than the critical diameter of conventional explosives) which makes their initiation more difficult to achieve.
  • the object of the invention is to propose a priming device making it possible to overcome such disadvantages.
  • the device according to the invention makes it possible, without increasing the overall dimensions of the relay, to increase the effective starting area thereof.
  • Such a type of relay is also usable with conventional explosives.
  • the architecture proposed by the invention then makes it possible to reduce the size of the relay without impairing the priming performance.
  • the subject of the invention is a device for priming an explosive charge and in particular an explosive charge with reduced sensitivity, the device comprising at least one ignition relay composition arranged in a blind cylindrical bore arranged axially in the explosive charge, a relay composition which is detonated by an initiation means and acts on the explosive charge at a front end of the relay composition and in a first direction of axial action, characterized in that the The ignition relay composition has a frustoconical shape and is arranged in a case having a frustoconical side wall, the top of the cone being on the side of the initiation means and the dimensions of the relay composition and its case being chosen from so that the initiation of the ignition relay composition thus simultaneously triggers the initiation of the charging at the level of the front end and the impact of the frustoconical side wall on the inner cylindrical surface of the bore.
  • the thickness of the side wall of the case is increasing between the initiation means and the front end of the relay composition.
  • the lateral wall of the case may comprise break initiators along generatrices regularly distributed angularly so as to ensure that this wall is cut into several petals during the initiation of the relay, each petal impacting the surface cylindrical internal bore.
  • the device comprises a flat front wall perpendicular to the axis of the explosive charge, the initiation of the latter at the front end of the relay composition and in the first direction of axial action being ensured by the impact of the front wall against the bottom of the bore.
  • the relay composition comprises at its front end a flat front face directly in contact with the load. explosive at the bottom of the bore, the initiation of this loading in the first direction of axial action being provided by the arrival of the detonation wave against the bottom of the bore.
  • the initiation means may be a plane wave generator.
  • This plane wave generator may for example consist of a cylindrical block of a priming explosive disposed in a confinement and having a face in contact with a rear face of the ignition relay.
  • Relay 1 comprises an explosive detonation relay composition 8, for example hexogen or octogen or an explosive with reduced vulnerability which is initiated. by initiation means 9 connected to a control means (not shown) by a wire link 10.
  • initiation means 9 connected to a control means (not shown) by a wire link 10.
  • Relay 1 is visible more precisely to Figures 3 to 5 . It comprises a particular holster comprising a front ring 16 and a rear ring 13 as well as a front wall 11 and a conical (or rather frustoconical) side wall 17.
  • the front 16 and rear 13 rings have the same diameter as the bore 5 and they ensure the positioning of the device 1 in this bore 5.
  • the rear ring 13 carries a containment cup 14 which encloses the initiation means 9.
  • the latter consists of a cylindrical block of a priming explosive such as hexogen or octogen or a vulnerable explosive. scaled down.
  • the block 9 comprises a face 15 which is in contact with a rear face of the ignition relay composition 8.
  • the diameter and the height of the block 9 are chosen such that this initiation means 9 constitutes almost a generator of plane wave, that is to say that the detonation wave coming from the block 9 arrives at the rear face of the relay composition 8 being substantially flat. It is generally accepted and considered that such a result is obtained when the ratio H / D (height / diameter) of the block 9 is greater than one.
  • the front ring 16 carries the flat front wall 11 which is perpendicular to the axis 12 of the explosive charge 2.
  • the ring comprises an axial bore 18 which allows to provide a free space 21 between the front wall 11 and the bottom 6 of the bore 5 of the explosive charge 2.
  • the frustoconical side wall 17 extends axially between the front ring 16 and the rear ring 13. It is fixed to these two rings by a recess or any other type of mechanical assembly preventing premature leakage of the detonation gases, for example by screwing the ring 16 and the cup 14 (or the ring 13) on the frustoconical wall 17.
  • the ignition relay composition 8 therefore also has a frustoconical shape.
  • the geometric apex of the cones of the wall 17 and the relay composition 8 are located on the side of the initiation means 9.
  • the diameter of the composition relay 8 is regularly increasing between the initiation means 9 and the front end 8a of the relay composition 8 (at the front wall 11).
  • This annular space 19 is therefore decreasing between the rear ring 13 and the front ring 16.
  • the travel time of the wall 17 is longer in the vicinity of the rear ring 13 (maximum width for the annular space 19) than it is in the vicinity of the front ring 16 ( minimum width for the annular space 19).
  • the detonation wave will cause the projection of it on the bottom 6 of the bore 5.
  • the thickness of the side wall 17 of the case is increasing between the initiation means 9 and the front wall 11 (or between the rear ring 13 and the front ring 16).
  • the embodiment shown in the figures comprises four incipient fractures 20 in the form of notches which reduce the thickness of the side wall 17. This number is given as an indication and can be adjusted according to the relay composition torque 8 / projected wall 17, the imperatives of reproducibility of the projection phenomenon and all other observations made by the skilled person. It would be possible, of course, to provide a higher number of primers.
  • the side wall 17 is cut in a preferred manner along these rupture primers 20.
  • the frustoconical side wall 17 is thus cut into several petals 22 (or sectors) which each impact the surface cylindrical internal bore 5. It is thus ensured reliability of the mode of rupture of the side wall 17, so the performance of the device. This will be all the more necessary as the width of the annular space 19 will be important. Failure primers may therefore be omitted if the width of the space 19 (and the thickness of the wall 17) are reduced.
  • the figure 6 shows a simulation of the initiation of the relay 1.
  • the drawing is very schematic since the detonation of the relay will of course cause deformation of the front rings 16 and rear 13.
  • the figure 7 shows another embodiment of a relay 1 according to the invention.
  • This relay differs from the previous one in that it has no projective front wall 11.
  • the relay composition 8 then comprises at its front end 8a a flat front face 23 which is in contact with the explosive charge 2 at the bottom 6 of the bore. In this case the initiation of the explosive charge 2 according to the first direction of axial action D is ensured simply by the arrival of the detonation wave from the relay composition 8 against the bottom 6 of the bore.
  • the frustoconical side wall 17 will be dimensioned so that the initiation of the relay composition 8 simultaneously causes the initiation of the explosive charge in the axial direction D and the impact of the side wall 17 on the surface. internal cylindrical bore 5.

Description

Le domaine technique de l'invention est celui des dispositifs d'amorçage pour un chargement explosif et en particulier pour un chargement explosif à sensibilité réduite.The technical field of the invention is that of priming devices for explosive charging and in particular for an explosive charge with reduced sensitivity.

Pour mettre en détonation un chargement explosif il est classique de prévoir un relais d'amorçage qui est disposé en contact ou à distance du chargement. Pour assurer l'initiation de munitions de très gros calibre (bombes, torpilles, têtes militaires de missiles...) il est également classique de disposer ce relais d'amorçage, non pas au niveau d'une extrémité du chargement explosif, mais au coeur même du chargement.To detonate an explosive charge it is conventional to provide a priming relay which is arranged in contact or remote loading. To ensure the initiation of munitions of very large caliber (bombs, torpedoes, missile military heads ...) it is also conventional to have this relay priming, not at one end of the explosive charge, but at very heart of the load.

Pour cela on prévoit alors dans le chargement explosif un alésage cylindrique borgne qui est aménagé axialement. Le relais est introduit dans cet alésage et il est appliqué contre le fond de l'alésage.For this purpose, the explosive charge is then provided with a blind cylindrical bore which is arranged axially. The relay is introduced into this bore and is applied against the bottom of the bore.

Le document EP 0 805 335 A1 , qui est considéré comme l'état de la technique le plus proche, divulgue un tel arrangement.The document EP 0 805 335 A1 , which is considered the closest state of the art, discloses such an arrangement.

De plus, la figure 1 montre la mise en place d'un tel relais 1 connu au sein d'un chargement explosif 2. Le chargement explosif 2 est contenu dans une enveloppe 4 d'une munition 3. Un alésage cylindrique 5 est aménagé axialement dans le chargement 2. Cet alésage est borgne, c'est à dire qu'il ne traverse pas tout le chargement explosif mais qu'il est interrompu par un fond 6.In addition, the figure 1 shows the establishment of such a relay 1 known within an explosive charge 2. The explosive charge 2 is contained in a casing 4 of a munition 3. A cylindrical bore 5 is arranged axially in the load 2. This bore is one-eyed, ie it does not cross all the explosive charge but is interrupted by a bottom 6.

Le relais 1 comporte un étui cylindrique 7 à l'intérieur duquel est mise en place une composition explosive relais de détonation 8, par exemple d'hexogène ou d'Octogène ou encore d'un explosif à vulnérabilité réduite, par exemple associant hexogène ou octogène et ONTA (Oxynitrotriazole) ou TATB (1,3,5 triamino 2,4,6 trinitrobenzène).The relay 1 comprises a cylindrical case 7 inside which is placed an explosive relay detonation 8, for example hexogen or Octogen or an explosive reduced vulnerability, for example associating hexogen or octogen and ONTA (Oxynitrotriazole) or TATB (1,3,5 triamino 2,4,6 trinitrobenzene).

Cette composition 8 est elle-même initiée par un moyen d'initiation 9, par exemple un détonateur, qui est relié à un moyen de commande (non représenté) par une liaison filaire 10. On voit sur la figure que l'étui 7 est fermé au niveau d'une extrémité frontale 8a de la composition 8 par une paroi frontale plane 11 qui se situe à distance du fond 6 de l'alésage 5.This composition 8 is itself initiated by an initiation means 9, for example a detonator, which is connected to a control means (not shown) by a wire connection 10. It can be seen in the figure that the case 7 is closed at a front end 8a of the composition 8 by a flat front wall 11 which is spaced from the bottom 6 of the bore 5.

Lors de la mise à feu du détonateur 9, le relais 1 est initié. Il va provoquer la projection de la paroi frontale 11 contre le fond 6 de l'alésage 5. Le choc qui en résulte sur le chargement explosif 2 va provoquer l'initiation de celui-ci. Les ondes de détonation vont se propager dans le chargement explosif 2, non seulement suivant la direction d'amorçage privilégiée D (donc vers l'extrémité aval (AV) du chargement 2) mais aussi vers l'extrémité amont (AM) du chargement.When firing the detonator 9, the relay 1 is initiated. It will cause the projection of the front wall 11 against the bottom 6 of the bore 5. The resulting impact on the explosive charge 2 will cause the initiation of it. The detonation waves will propagate in the explosive charge 2, not only in the preferred priming direction D (thus to the downstream end (AV) of the load 2) but also to the upstream end (AM) of the load.

En effet l'énergie qui est développée provoque la mise en détonation de proche en proche du chargement explosif 2 suivant les directions amont et aval en contournant l'étui 7. Le relais 1 constitue alors pratiquement un amorçage ponctuel du chargement 2 à partir de l'intérieur de ce dernier. Il en résulte une répartition régulière dans l'espace des éclats de l'enveloppe 4, répartition ayant une symétrie cylindrique ayant même axe 12 que la munition 3.Indeed, the energy that is developed causes the detonation of the explosive charge 2 gradually following the upstream and downstream directions bypassing the case 7. The relay 1 then practically a one-off priming of the load 2 from 1 inside of the latter. This results in a regular distribution in the space of the fragments of the envelope 4, distribution having a cylindrical symmetry having the same axis 12 as the ammunition 3.

Un tel dispositif fonctionne parfaitement pour des chargements explosifs classiques. Cependant il n'en est pas de même lorsque l'on met en oeuvre des explosifs à sensibilité réduite. Ces explosifs (qu'ils soient de type fusionnable, comprimable ou composite) sont formés par un mélange de matériaux qui incorpore au moins un matériau explosif solide à vulnérabilité réduite tel que l'Oxinitrotriazole (ou ONTA), le triaminotrinitrobenzène (TATB) ou la Nitroguanidine (NGu).Such a device works perfectly for conventional explosive loads. However it is not the same when one implements explosives with reduced sensitivity. These explosives (whether fusible, compressible or composite type) are formed by a mixture of materials which incorporates at least one reduced-vulnerability solid explosive material such as Oxinitrotriazole (or ONTA), triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB) or Nitroguanidine (NGu).

Les explosifs à vulnérabilité réduite ont une sensibilité à l'impact et à l'élévation de température qui sont réduites ce qui permet de sécuriser leur mise en oeuvre et leur emploi dans une munition. Il en résulte un diamètre critique important (de l'ordre de cinq à dix fois supérieur au diamètre critique des explosifs classiques) ce qui rend leur initiation plus difficile à réaliser.The explosives with reduced vulnerability have a sensitivity to the impact and to the temperature rise which are reduced which makes it possible to secure their implementation and their use in a munition. This results in a critical critical diameter (of the order of five to ten times greater than the critical diameter of conventional explosives) which makes their initiation more difficult to achieve.

Pour initier ces chargements il est alors nécessaire d'augmenter le diamètre du relais 1. On sait par ailleurs qu'avec ces explosifs à vulnérabilité réduite les obstacles au sein du chargement sont difficilement contournés par l'onde de choc ce qui signifie que dans un chargement explosif comme représenté à la figure 1, si l'onde de choc progresse bien suivant la direction D, sa propagation vers la partie amont AM du chargement peut être très affectée par ce contournement. A la limite, les conditions nécessaires à la détonation ne sont plus réunies et la réaction s'arrête. Le fonctionnement de la munition 3 n'est donc plus symétrique et il en résulte une mauvaise répartition des éclats engendrés par l'enveloppe 4 (si telle est l'efficacité recherchée) ou une mauvaise mise en détonation du chargement complet 2. En effet, la non-transmissionn du phénomène détonique dans la partie amont du chargement aboutit à une quantité relativement importante de matière active non réagie ce qui conduit à une mauvaise optimisation de la masse d'explosif embarqué.To initiate these loads it is then necessary to increase the diameter of the relay 1. It is known moreover that with these explosives with reduced vulnerability the obstacles within the loading are hardly bypassed by the shock wave which means that in a explosive charge as shown in figure 1 , if the shock wave progresses well in direction D, its propagation towards the upstream part AM of the loading can be very affected by this circumvention. At the limit, the conditions necessary for the detonation are no longer met and the reaction stops. The operation of the ammunition 3 is no longer symmetrical and this results in a bad distribution of the chips generated by the envelope 4 (if this is the desired efficiency) or a bad detonation of the complete load 2. Indeed, the non-transmission of the detonation phenomenon in the upstream part of the loading results in a relatively large quantity of unreacted active material which leads to a poor optimization of the onboard explosive mass.

L'effet mécanique de déformation de l'étui 7 du relais n'est en effet pas suffisant pour apporter une énergie complémentaire suivant d'autres directions que la direction D. Dans le cas de la Figure 1, l'essentiel de l'énergie du relais 1 est consacré à la projection de la paroi frontale 11.The mechanical effect of deformation of the case 7 of the relay is indeed not sufficient to provide complementary energy in other directions than the direction D. In the case of the Figure 1 , most of the energy of relay 1 is devoted to the projection of the front wall 11.

La seule solution envisagée jusqu'à présent pour pallier un tel inconvénient a été de surdimensionner le relais 1 pour augmenter l'énergie communiquée lors de l'initiation. Il en résulte cependant une diminution du volume réservé au chargement explosif 2 et une telle solution n'est donc pas adaptée à des têtes militaires dans lesquelles la place réservée à l'amorçage est réduite.The only solution considered so far to overcome such a disadvantage has been to oversize the relay 1 to increase the energy communicated during the initiation. However, this results in a decrease in the volume reserved for the explosive charge 2 and such a solution is therefore not suitable for military heads in which the space reserved for priming is reduced.

L'invention a pour but de proposer un dispositif d'amorçage permettant de pallier de tels inconvénients. Ainsi le dispositif selon l'invention permet, sans accroître les dimensions globales du relais, d'augmenter la surface d'amorçage efficace de celui ci.The object of the invention is to propose a priming device making it possible to overcome such disadvantages. Thus, the device according to the invention makes it possible, without increasing the overall dimensions of the relay, to increase the effective starting area thereof.

Une telle augmentation est intéressante pour réaliser l'initiation d'explosifs à vulnérabilité réduite puisque l'on augmente ainsi la surface d'explosif sur laquelle agit le relais sans pour autant augmenter la taille du relais.Such an increase is advantageous for initiating explosives with reduced vulnerability since the explosive surface on which the relay acts is thus increased without increasing the size of the relay.

Un tel type de relais est aussi utilisable avec des explosifs classiques. L'architecture proposée par l'invention permet alors de diminuer la taille du relais sans nuire aux performances d'amorçage.Such a type of relay is also usable with conventional explosives. The architecture proposed by the invention then makes it possible to reduce the size of the relay without impairing the priming performance.

Ainsi, l'invention a pour objet un dispositif d'amorçage d'un chargement explosif et en particulier d'un chargement explosif à sensibilité réduite, dispositif comprenant au moins une composition relais d'amorçage disposée dans un alésage cylindrique borgne aménagé axialement dans le chargement explosif, composition relais qui est mise en détonation par un moyen d'initiation et qui agit sur le chargement explosif au niveau d'une extrémité frontale de la composition relais et suivant une première direction d'action axiale, dispositif caractérisé en ce que la composition relais d'amorçage a une forme tronconique et se trouve disposée dans un étui comportant une paroi latérale tronconique, le sommet du cône se trouvant du côté du moyen d'initiation et les dimensions de la composition relais et de son étui étant choisies de telle sorte que l'initiation de la composition relais d'amorçage provoque ainsi d'une façon simultanée l'initiation du chargement au niveau de l'extrémité frontale et l'impact de la paroi latérale tronconique sur la surface cylindrique interne de l'alésage.Thus, the subject of the invention is a device for priming an explosive charge and in particular an explosive charge with reduced sensitivity, the device comprising at least one ignition relay composition arranged in a blind cylindrical bore arranged axially in the explosive charge, a relay composition which is detonated by an initiation means and acts on the explosive charge at a front end of the relay composition and in a first direction of axial action, characterized in that the The ignition relay composition has a frustoconical shape and is arranged in a case having a frustoconical side wall, the top of the cone being on the side of the initiation means and the dimensions of the relay composition and its case being chosen from so that the initiation of the ignition relay composition thus simultaneously triggers the initiation of the charging at the level of the front end and the impact of the frustoconical side wall on the inner cylindrical surface of the bore.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, l'épaisseur de la paroi latérale de l'étui est croissante entre le moyen d'initiation et l'extrémité frontale de la composition relais.According to another characteristic of the invention, the thickness of the side wall of the case is increasing between the initiation means and the front end of the relay composition.

Selon une variante, la paroi latérale de l'étui pourra comporter des amorces de ruptures le long de génératrices régulièrement réparties angulairement de façon à assurer une découpe de cette paroi en plusieurs pétales lors de l'initiation du relais, chaque pétale venant impacter la surface cylindrique interne de l'alésage.According to one variant, the lateral wall of the case may comprise break initiators along generatrices regularly distributed angularly so as to ensure that this wall is cut into several petals during the initiation of the relay, each petal impacting the surface cylindrical internal bore.

Selon un premier mode de réalisation, le dispositif comporte une paroi frontale plane perpendiculaire à l'axe du chargement explosif, l'initiation de ce dernier au niveau de l'extrémité frontale de la composition relais et suivant la première direction d'action axiale étant assurée par l'impact de la paroi frontale contre le fond de l'alésage.According to a first embodiment, the device comprises a flat front wall perpendicular to the axis of the explosive charge, the initiation of the latter at the front end of the relay composition and in the first direction of axial action being ensured by the impact of the front wall against the bottom of the bore.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation, la composition relais comporte au niveau de son extrémité frontale une face frontale plane directement en contact avec le chargement explosif au niveau du fond de l'alésage, l'initiation de ce chargement suivant la première direction d'action axiale étant assurée par l'arrivée de l'onde de détonation contre le fond de l'alésage.According to another embodiment, the relay composition comprises at its front end a flat front face directly in contact with the load. explosive at the bottom of the bore, the initiation of this loading in the first direction of axial action being provided by the arrival of the detonation wave against the bottom of the bore.

Le moyen d'initiation pourra être un générateur d'onde plane.The initiation means may be a plane wave generator.

Ce générateur d'onde plane pourra être par exemple constitué par un bloc cylindrique d'un explosif d'amorçage disposé dans un confinement et comportant une face en contact avec une face arrière du relais d'amorçage.This plane wave generator may for example consist of a cylindrical block of a priming explosive disposed in a confinement and having a face in contact with a rear face of the ignition relay.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, description faite en référence aux dessins annexés et dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 montre la mise en place d'un relais d'amorçage selon l'art antérieur dans un chargement explosif,
  • la figure 2 montre la mise en place d'un relais d'amorçage selon l'invention dans un chargement explosif,
  • la figure 3 est une vue du relais selon l'invention en coupe longitudinale,
  • la figure 4 est une vue de ce même relais en coupe transversale, la coupe étant réalisée suivant le plan dont la trace AA est repérée à la figure 3,
  • la figure 5 est une vue latérale externe de ce relais,
  • la figure 6 schématise le fonctionnement du relais selon l'invention,
  • la figure 7 représente un autre mode de réalisation d'un relais selon l'invention.
    La figure 1 a déjà été décrite dans le préambule de la présente demande.
    La figure 2 montre la mise en place d'un relais 1 selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention au sein du chargement explosif 2. Ce relais est là encore logé dans un alésage cylindrique 5 aménagé axialement dans le chargement 2. L'alésage 5 est borgne, et il est donc interrompu par un fond 6.
The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, description made with reference to the accompanying drawings and in which:
  • the figure 1 shows the establishment of a priming relay according to the prior art in an explosive charge,
  • the figure 2 shows the setting up of a priming relay according to the invention in an explosive charge,
  • the figure 3 is a view of the relay according to the invention in longitudinal section,
  • the figure 4 is a view of the same relay in cross section, the section being taken along the plane whose track AA is located at the figure 3 ,
  • the figure 5 is an external side view of this relay,
  • the figure 6 schematizes the operation of the relay according to the invention,
  • the figure 7 represents another embodiment of a relay according to the invention.
    The figure 1 has already been described in the preamble of this application.
    The figure 2 shows the establishment of a relay 1 according to a first embodiment of the invention within the explosive charge 2. This relay is again housed in a cylindrical bore 5 arranged axially in the load 2. The bore 5 is one-eyed, and so it is interrupted by a background 6.

Le relais 1 comporte une composition explosive relais de détonation 8, par exemple de l'hexogène ou de l'Octogène ou encore un explosif à vulnérabilité réduite qui est initiée par un moyen d'initiation 9 relié à un moyen de commande (non représenté) par une liaison filaire 10.Relay 1 comprises an explosive detonation relay composition 8, for example hexogen or octogen or an explosive with reduced vulnerability which is initiated. by initiation means 9 connected to a control means (not shown) by a wire link 10.

Le relais 1 est visible plus précisément aux figures 3 à 5. Il comporte un étui particulier comprenant une bague avant 16 et une bague arrière 13 ainsi qu'une paroi frontale 11 et une paroi latérale 17 conique (ou plutôt tronconique). Les bagues avant 16 et arrière 13 ont le même diamètre que l'alésage 5 et elles assurent le positionnement du dispositif 1 dans cet alésage 5.Relay 1 is visible more precisely to Figures 3 to 5 . It comprises a particular holster comprising a front ring 16 and a rear ring 13 as well as a front wall 11 and a conical (or rather frustoconical) side wall 17. The front 16 and rear 13 rings have the same diameter as the bore 5 and they ensure the positioning of the device 1 in this bore 5.

La bague arrière 13 porte un godet de confinement 14 qui renferme le moyen d'initiation 9. Ce dernier est constitué par un bloc cylindrique d'un explosif d'amorçage tel que de l'hexogène ou de l'Octogène ou un explosif à vulnérabilité réduite. Le bloc 9 comporte une face 15 qui est en contact avec une face arrière de la composition relais d'amorçage 8. Le diamètre et la hauteur du bloc 9 sont choisis de telle sorte que ce moyen d'initiation 9 constitue quasiment un générateur d'onde plane, c'est à dire que l'onde de détonation qui sort du bloc 9 arrive au niveau de la face arrière de la composition relais 8 en étant pratiquement plane. Il est généralement admis et considéré qu'un tel résultat est obtenu lorsque le rapport H/D (hauteur / diamètre) du bloc 9 est supérieur à un.The rear ring 13 carries a containment cup 14 which encloses the initiation means 9. The latter consists of a cylindrical block of a priming explosive such as hexogen or octogen or a vulnerable explosive. scaled down. The block 9 comprises a face 15 which is in contact with a rear face of the ignition relay composition 8. The diameter and the height of the block 9 are chosen such that this initiation means 9 constitutes almost a generator of plane wave, that is to say that the detonation wave coming from the block 9 arrives at the rear face of the relay composition 8 being substantially flat. It is generally accepted and considered that such a result is obtained when the ratio H / D (height / diameter) of the block 9 is greater than one.

La bague avant 16 porte la paroi frontale plane 11 qui est perpendiculaire à l'axe 12 du chargement explosif 2. La bague comporte un perçage axial 18 qui permet de ménager un espace libre 21 entre la paroi frontale 11 et le fond 6 de l'alésage 5 du chargement explosif 2.The front ring 16 carries the flat front wall 11 which is perpendicular to the axis 12 of the explosive charge 2. The ring comprises an axial bore 18 which allows to provide a free space 21 between the front wall 11 and the bottom 6 of the bore 5 of the explosive charge 2.

La paroi latérale 17 tronconique s'étend axialement entre la bague avant 16 et la bague arrière 13. Elle est fixée à ces deux bagues par un encastrement ou tout autre type d'assemblage mécanique empêchant une fuite prématurée des gaz de détonation, par exemple par vissage de la bague 16 et du godet 14 (ou de la bague 13) sur la paroi tronconique 17.The frustoconical side wall 17 extends axially between the front ring 16 and the rear ring 13. It is fixed to these two rings by a recess or any other type of mechanical assembly preventing premature leakage of the detonation gases, for example by screwing the ring 16 and the cup 14 (or the ring 13) on the frustoconical wall 17.

La composition relais d'amorçage 8 a donc elle aussi une forme tronconique. Le sommet géométrique des cônes de la paroi 17 et de la composition relais 8 se situent du côté du moyen d'initiation 9. Ainsi le diamètre de la composition relais 8 est régulièrement croissant entre le moyen d'initiation 9 et l'extrémité frontale 8a de la composition relais 8 (au niveau de la paroi frontale 11).The ignition relay composition 8 therefore also has a frustoconical shape. The geometric apex of the cones of the wall 17 and the relay composition 8 are located on the side of the initiation means 9. Thus the diameter of the composition relay 8 is regularly increasing between the initiation means 9 and the front end 8a of the relay composition 8 (at the front wall 11).

Une fois le relais 1 mis en place dans l'alésage 5 il subsiste donc un espace annulaire 19 entre la paroi latérale tronconique 17 et la surface cylindrique interne de l'alésage 5.Once the relay 1 has been placed in the bore 5, there remains an annular space 19 between the frustoconical lateral wall 17 and the internal cylindrical surface of the bore 5.

La largeur de cet espace annulaire 19 est donc décroissante entre la bague arrière 13 et la bague avant 16.The width of this annular space 19 is therefore decreasing between the rear ring 13 and the front ring 16.

Lors de l'initiation de la composition relais 8 par le moyen d'initiation 9, la progression de l'onde de détonation dans cette composition relais va provoquer une projection radiale de la paroi latérale 17 vers la surface cylindrique interne 5.During the initiation of the relay composition 8 by the initiation means 9, the progression of the detonation wave in this relay composition will cause a radial projection of the side wall 17 towards the inner cylindrical surface 5.

Du fait des formes coniques adoptées, la durée de parcours de la paroi 17 est plus longue au voisinage de la bague arrière 13 (largeur maximale pour l'espace annulaire 19) qu'elle ne l'est au voisinage de la bague avant 16 (largeur minimale pour l'espace annulaire 19).Due to the conical shapes adopted, the travel time of the wall 17 is longer in the vicinity of the rear ring 13 (maximum width for the annular space 19) than it is in the vicinity of the front ring 16 ( minimum width for the annular space 19).

Par ailleurs, une fois arrivée au niveau de la paroi frontale 11, l'onde de détonation va provoquer la projection de celle ci sur le fond 6 de l'alésage 5.Moreover, once reached the level of the front wall 11, the detonation wave will cause the projection of it on the bottom 6 of the bore 5.

Selon ce mode de réalisation, l'Homme du Métier dimensionnera la composition relais 8 et sa paroi latérale 17 de telle sorte qu'il y ait un impact simultané de la paroi frontale 11 contre le fond 6 de l'alésage et de la paroi latérale tronconique 17 sur la surface cylindrique interne de l'alésage 5.According to this embodiment, those skilled in the art will size the relay composition 8 and its side wall 17 so that there is a simultaneous impact of the front wall 11 against the bottom 6 of the bore and the side wall. frustoconical 17 on the inner cylindrical surface of the bore 5.

On remarque sur la figure 3 que l'épaisseur de la paroi latérale 17 de l'étui est croissante entre le moyen d'initiation 9 et la paroi frontale 11 (ou entre la bague arrière 13 et la bague avant 16).We notice on the figure 3 that the thickness of the side wall 17 of the case is increasing between the initiation means 9 and the front wall 11 (or between the rear ring 13 and the front ring 16).

Une telle disposition permet d'assurer une projection de la paroi latérale 17 avec une vitesse constante. En effet, cette géométrie permet de conserver, le long de l'axe du relais 1, un rapport entre la masse de confinement et la masse d'explosif constant ce qui, selon l'approche de Gurney, assure une vitesse de projection radiale constante de la paroi 17. Pour assurer une vitesse de projection constante il suffit donc d'augmenter progressivement, le long de l'axe 12 et entre la bague arrière 13 et la bague avant 16, la masse de la paroi latérale tronconique 17 à projeter par la composition relais 8 (donc l'épaisseur de cette paroi 17).Such an arrangement ensures a projection of the side wall 17 with a constant speed. Indeed, this geometry makes it possible to maintain, along the axis of the relay 1, a ratio between the confinement mass and the constant explosive mass, which, according to Gurney's approach, ensures a constant radial projection speed. of the wall 17. To ensure a constant projection speed it is therefore sufficient to gradually increase, along the axis 12 and between the rear ring 13 and the front ring 16, the mass of the frustoconical side wall 17 to be projected by the composition relay 8 (therefore the thickness of this wall 17).

Du fait de la forme tronconique de la paroi latérale 17, l'initiation de la composition relais 8 provoquera une rupture de la paroi 17. Afin que cette rupture naturelle soit contrôlée et n'aboutisse pas à une fragmentation en petits éclats de cette paroi (empêchant ainsi l'effet de choc plan recherché sur les parois latérales de l'alésage 5), on prévoira avantageusement des amorces de ruptures 20 le long de génératrices droites de la paroi latérale tronconique. Ces amorces de rupture 20 seront régulièrement réparties angulairement (voir figure 4). Elles s'étendront longitudinalement de la bague arrière 13 à la bague avant 16 (voir figure 5).Due to the frustoconical shape of the side wall 17, the initiation of the relay composition 8 will cause a rupture of the wall 17. In order that this natural rupture is controlled and does not lead to fragmentation into small fragments of this wall ( thus preventing the desired plane shock effect on the side walls of the bore 5), it is advantageous to provide break primers 20 along right generatrices of the frustoconical side wall. These rupture primers 20 will be regularly distributed angularly (see figure 4 ). They will extend longitudinally from the rear ring 13 to the front ring 16 (see figure 5 ).

Le mode de réalisation représenté sur les figures comporte quatre amorces de rupture 20 sous la forme d'entailles qui réduisent l'épaisseur de la paroi latérale 17. Ce nombre est donné à titre indicatif et peut être ajusté en fonction du couple composition relais 8 / paroi projetée 17, des impératifs de reproductibilité du phénomène de projection et toutes autres observations effectuées par l'Homme du Métier. Il serait possible bien entendu de prévoir un nombre d'amorces de rupture supérieur. Lors de la détonation de la composition relais 8, la paroi latérale 17 se découpe de façon privilégiée le long de ces amorces de rupture 20. La paroi latérale tronconique 17 se découpe donc en plusieurs pétales 22 (ou secteurs) qui viennent impacter chacun la surface cylindrique interne de l'alésage 5. On est ainsi assuré de fiabiliser le mode de rupture de la paroi latérale 17, donc les performances du dispositif. Ceci sera d'autant plus nécessaire que la largeur de l'espace annulaire 19 sera importante. Les amorces de ruptures pourront donc être omises si la largeur de l'espace 19 (ainsi que l'épaisseur de la paroi 17) sont réduites.The embodiment shown in the figures comprises four incipient fractures 20 in the form of notches which reduce the thickness of the side wall 17. This number is given as an indication and can be adjusted according to the relay composition torque 8 / projected wall 17, the imperatives of reproducibility of the projection phenomenon and all other observations made by the skilled person. It would be possible, of course, to provide a higher number of primers. During the detonation of the relay composition 8, the side wall 17 is cut in a preferred manner along these rupture primers 20. The frustoconical side wall 17 is thus cut into several petals 22 (or sectors) which each impact the surface cylindrical internal bore 5. It is thus ensured reliability of the mode of rupture of the side wall 17, so the performance of the device. This will be all the more necessary as the width of the annular space 19 will be important. Failure primers may therefore be omitted if the width of the space 19 (and the thickness of the wall 17) are reduced.

La figure 6 montre une simulation de l'initiation du relais 1. Le dessin est très schématique puisque la détonation du relais provoquera bien sûr des déformations des bagues avant 16 et arrière 13.The figure 6 shows a simulation of the initiation of the relay 1. The drawing is very schematic since the detonation of the relay will of course cause deformation of the front rings 16 and rear 13.

On remarque qu'à l'issue d'un intervalle de temps, qui dépend des dimensions du relais 1, il y a impact simultané de la paroi latérale tronconique 17 sur toute la hauteur H de l'espace annulaire 19 ainsi que de la paroi frontale 11 sur le fond 6 de l'alésage 5 (surface circulaire de diamètre Dia). Le choc d'initiation est donc reçu par le chargement explosif 2 suivant la direction D mais aussi suivant des directions radiales régulièrement réparties autour de l'axe 12. Concrètement chaque secteur ou pétale 22 séparant deux amorces de rupture 20 voisines impactera sur la surface cylindrique interne de l'alésage 5. On a représenté ici les deux directions L1 et L2 visibles sur la figure.Note that after a time interval, which depends on the dimensions of the relay 1, there is simultaneous impact of the frustoconical side wall 17 over the entire height H of the annular space 19 and the wall front 11 on the bottom 6 of the bore 5 (circular surface diameter D ia ). The initiation shock is therefore received by the explosive charge 2 in the direction D, but also in radial directions regularly distributed around the axis 12. Specifically, each sector or petal 22 separating two neighboring 20 rupture probes will impact the cylindrical surface. internal of the bore 5. There is shown here the two directions L1 and L2 visible in the figure.

Grâce à l'invention on augmente donc la surface d'impact entre le dispositif relais 1 et le chargement explosif 2. Ceci permet, pour un explosif classique, de diminuer la taille du dispositif d'initiation 1 et, pour un explosif à sensibilité réduite, de conserver une taille modérée à ce dispositif tout en assurant la fiabilité de l'initiation.With the invention therefore increases the impact surface between the relay device 1 and the explosive charge 2. This allows, for a conventional explosive, to reduce the size of the initiation device 1 and, for an explosive with reduced sensitivity , to keep a moderate size to this device while ensuring the reliability of the initiation.

La figure 7 montre un autre mode de réalisation d'un relais 1 selon l'invention. Ce relais diffère du précédent en ce qu'il est dépourvu de paroi frontale 11 projettable. La composition relais 8 comporte alors au niveau de son extrémité frontale 8a une face frontale plane 23 qui est en contact avec le chargement explosif 2 au niveau du fond 6 de l'alésage. Dans ce cas l'initiation du chargement explosif 2 suivant la première direction d'action axiale D est assurée tout simplement par l'arrivée de l'onde de détonation issue de la composition relais 8 contre le fond 6 de l'alésage.The figure 7 shows another embodiment of a relay 1 according to the invention. This relay differs from the previous one in that it has no projective front wall 11. The relay composition 8 then comprises at its front end 8a a flat front face 23 which is in contact with the explosive charge 2 at the bottom 6 of the bore. In this case the initiation of the explosive charge 2 according to the first direction of axial action D is ensured simply by the arrival of the detonation wave from the relay composition 8 against the bottom 6 of the bore.

Là encore on dimensionnera la paroi latérale tronconique 17 de telle sorte que l'initiation de la composition relais 8 provoque d'une façon simultanée l'initiation du chargement explosif suivant la direction axiale D et l'impact de la paroi latérale 17 sur la surface cylindrique interne de l'alésage 5.Again, the frustoconical side wall 17 will be dimensioned so that the initiation of the relay composition 8 simultaneously causes the initiation of the explosive charge in the axial direction D and the impact of the side wall 17 on the surface. internal cylindrical bore 5.

Claims (7)

  1. A priming device (1) for an explosive load (2) and in particular for a reduced sensitivity explosive load, device wherein it comprises at least one priming relay composition (8) arranged in a non-through cylindrical bore hole (5) that can be arranged axially in the explosive load (2), such relay composition (8) being made to detonate by initiation means (9) and acting on the explosive load (2) at a front end (8a) of the relay composition (8) and in a first axial direction of action (D), device characterized in that the priming relay composition (8) has a truncated shape and is arranged in a casing incorporating a truncated lateral wall (17), the tip of the cone being on the side of the initiation means (9) and the dimensions of the relay composition (8) and its casing being selected such that the initiation of the priming relay composition is able to cause the simultaneous initiation of the load (2)at its front end (8a) and the impact of the lateral truncated wall (17) on the internal cylindrical surface of the bore hole (5).
  2. A priming device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of the lateral wall (17) of the casing increases between the initiation means (9) and the front end (8a) of the relay composition (8).
  3. A priming device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the lateral wall (17) of the casing incorporates incipient fractures (20) along the generating lines that are evenly spaced angularly so as to ensure that this wall (17) is cut into several petals (22) when the relay (1) is initiated, each petal (22) coming to impact on the internal cylindrical surface of the bore hole (5).
  4. A priming device according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it incorporates a flat front wall (11) perpendicular to the axis (12) of the explosive load (2), the initiation of the latter at the front end (8a) of the relay composition (8) and in the first axial direction of action (D) being ensured by the impact of the front wall (1) against the bottom (6) of the bore hole.
  5. A priming device according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the relay composition (8) incorporates a flat front face (23) at its front end (8a) that is directly in contact with the explosive load (2) by the bottom (6) of the bore hole (5), the initiation of this load in the first axial direction of action (D) being ensured by the detonation wave reaching the bottom (6) of the bore hole.
  6. A priming device according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the initiation means (9) is a flat wave generator.
  7. A priming device according to Claim 6, characterized in that the flat wave generator (9) is constituted by a cylindrical block of priming explosive arranged in a container (14) and incorporating a face (15) in contact with a rear face of the priming relay (14).
EP20100290214 2009-04-22 2010-04-21 Priming device for explosive charge Active EP2244050B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0901952A FR2944864B1 (en) 2009-04-22 2009-04-22 DEVICE FOR STARTING AN EXPLOSIVE LOAD

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EP2244050A1 EP2244050A1 (en) 2010-10-27
EP2244050B1 true EP2244050B1 (en) 2013-03-06

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FR2748102B1 (en) * 1996-04-30 1998-07-17 Tda Armements Sas AMMUNITION WITH FRAGMENTATION OF EQUATORIAL SYMMETRY OF EXPULSION
JP2010521643A (en) * 2007-03-16 2010-06-24 オリカ、エクスプローシブズ、テクノロジー、プロプライエタリー、リミテッド Explosion of explosive material

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FR2944864B1 (en) 2011-04-01

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